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20,074 | 19,732 | 5ad3d325604f3c001a3ff26f | generic | The main island is generally mountainous. The only flat area is on the north-west coast, which is the location of the only settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas. The highest point is a volcano called Queen Mary's Peak 2,062 metres (6,765.1 ft), which is covered by snow in winter. The other islands of the group are un... | Where is the weather station with a staff of 2,062 currently located? | {'text': 'Transvaal Bay', 'answer_start': 487} |
17,071 | 16,729 | 56e1b646e3433e14004230cc | generic | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network? | {'text': '2008', 'answer_start': 3} |
112,507 | 112,165 | 5730564b069b53140083207c | generic | The native language of the Romans was Latin. Although surviving Latin literature consists almost entirely of Classical Latin, an artificial and highly stylised and polished literary language from the 1st century BC, the actual spoken language was Vulgar Latin, which significantly differed from Classical Latin in gramma... | What type of language is French considered to be? | {'text': 'Romance languages', 'answer_start': 534} |
33,380 | 33,038 | 57099a75200fba14003681cb | generic | Some paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly as early as 1 billion years ago. Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large (about 5 mm wide) and complex as earth... | Triploblastic worms were comparable in size to what other creatures? | {'text': 'earthworms', 'answer_start': 315} |
65,031 | 64,689 | 5ad0d4f1645df0001a2d0626 | generic | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | When was Durham Cathedral abandoned? | {'text': 'from 1128 to 1133', 'answer_start': 591} |
89,087 | 88,745 | 5a85edd1b4e223001a8e72f4 | generic | In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and prom... | What were NATO's efforts to respond to terrorism called? | {'text': 'Operation Active Endeavour', 'answer_start': 619} |
119,798 | 119,456 | 573125a9e6313a140071cc87 | generic | Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ... | What is the fan shaped blood supply system in a bird's retina? | {'text': 'pecten', 'answer_start': 839} |
85,120 | 84,778 | 5a81308631013a001a334bc9 | generic | Stephen Hawking in particular has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing t... | What does Stephen Hawking make a connection between nothing and? | {'text': 'the Big Bang', 'answer_start': 74} |
125,147 | 124,805 | 573280c306a3a419008aca9b | generic | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | When did Eisenhower stop smoking completely? | {'text': 'March 1949', 'answer_start': 158} |
109,472 | 109,130 | 572f6f8b947a6a140053c957 | generic | The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quali... | What may happen with intact body parts if there is continuous pain for a long period? | {'text': 'become sensitized', 'answer_start': 548} |
6,629 | 6,287 | 56db30ede7c41114004b4f0d | generic | This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night. | When did the judges use their save on Woolf? | {'text': 'Top 8', 'answer_start': 130} |
4,135 | 3,793 | 56cf3629aab44d1400b88e65 | generic | Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles. New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper. The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American... | What borough housed the first Chinatown in New York? | {'text': 'Manhattan', 'answer_start': 624} |
1,898 | 1,556 | 56cd5f5b62d2951400fa654f | generic | According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang "was under control," and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Foundi... | Who told the emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang were under control? | {'text': 'the Ming officer of Hezhou', 'answer_start': 19} |
79,473 | 79,131 | 5727aa7c3acd2414000de92b | generic | The city's municipal government was dominated by about 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe — in particular the export of wool and hides and the import of salt, iron and wine. The medieval population of Cork was about 2,100 people. It suffered a severe blow in 1349 when... | Who controlled Cork's municipal government? | {'text': '12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe', 'answer_start': 55} |
282 | 282 | 138440 | pubqa | Following an unusually heavy rainfall in June 2009, a community-wide outbreak of Campylobacter gastroenteritis occurred in a small Danish town. The outbreak investigation consisted of (1) a cohort study using an e-questionnaire of disease determinants, (2) microbiological study of stool samples, (3) serological study o... | What are the first steps of mitigation?
| {'answer_id': 273678, 'document_id': 445516, 'question_id': 138440, 'text': 'tap-water boiling advice', 'answer_start': 1362, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
65,794 | 65,452 | 5a21d5ee8a6e4f001aa08f4a | generic | Contemporaneously with the rise of analytic ethics in Anglo-American thought, in Europe several new lines of philosophy directed at critique of existing societies arose between the 1950s and 1980s. Most of these took elements of Marxist economic analysis, but combined them with a more cultural or ideological emphasis. ... | What were thinkers influenced by when they emphasized consumerism? | {'text': 'Marxism', 'answer_start': 578} |
11,116 | 10,774 | 56de46cb4396321400ee275e | generic | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countr... | What type of update was released on December 18, 2008? | {'text': 'statistical update', 'answer_start': 63} |
6,530 | 6,188 | 56d37ccd59d6e41400146509 | generic | Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011. Many changes were introduced this season, from the format to the personnel of the show. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined Randy Jackson as judges following the departures of Simon Cowell (who left to launch the U.S. version of The X Factor), Kara DioGuardi (w... | What year did season ten of American Idol first air? | {'text': '2011', 'answer_start': 50} |
37,711 | 37,369 | 5a07f1fa3fc874001820709d | generic | High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog... | What difference allows high clouds to be distinguished? | {'text': 'the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm)', 'answer_start': 426} |
84,742 | 84,400 | 5a611202e9e1cc001a33ce95 | generic | Pope John XXIII offered to mediate between US President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. Both men applauded the pope for his deep commitment to peace. Khrushchev would later send a message via Norman Cousins and the letter expressed his best wishes for the pontiff's... | What did Pope John Paul II send to JFK personally? | {'text': 'a message', 'answer_start': 373} |
80,257 | 79,915 | 5727ae5f4b864d1900163a38 | generic | The existence of the early state of Shu was poorly recorded in the main historical records of China. It was, however, referred to in the Book of Documents as an ally of the Zhou. Accounts of Shu exist mainly as a mixture of mythological stories and historical legends recorded in local annals such as the Chronicles of H... | What did Emperor Duyu transform himself into after his death? | {'text': 'a cuckoo', 'answer_start': 481} |
77,067 | 76,725 | 57278046f1498d1400e8fa0d | generic | External evidence is evidence of each physical witness, its date, source, and relationship to other known witnesses. Critics will often prefer the readings supported by the oldest witnesses. Since errors tend to accumulate, older manuscripts should have fewer errors. Readings supported by a majority of witnesses are al... | Why are older manuscripts preferred? | {'text': 'Since errors tend to accumulate, older manuscripts should have fewer errors.', 'answer_start': 191} |
85,445 | 85,103 | 572834212ca10214002da0aa | generic | On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, bu... | After the loan program was announced, which countries borrowed the most? | {'text': 'Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain', 'answer_start': 819} |
29,139 | 28,797 | 5705fed175f01819005e784a | generic | After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon completion of the change of ownership. Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement. One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, follow... | When The Times was bought in 1982, who resigned as editor? | {'text': 'William Rees-Mogg', 'answer_start': 26} |
6,971 | 6,629 | 56d9a0cadc89441400fdb637 | generic | Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger... | Who does pyometra affect? | {'text': 'unspayed females', 'answer_start': 245} |
113,193 | 112,851 | 57301b33a23a5019007fcd6f | generic | Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, its beaches, and numerous tourist attractions such as Balboa Park, Belmont amusement park, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and SeaWorld San Diego. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in the many historic sites across the city, such as ... | What historical mission is a major tourist attraction in San Diego? | {'text': 'Mission San Diego de Alcala', 'answer_start': 320} |
79,057 | 78,715 | 5727fe574b864d19001641a4 | generic | The English concentrated on the spirit of the events of Christ's life, not the literality of events. They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation. They wanted to create in themselves that environment that allowed Jesus to fulfill His divine mission, insofar as they... | What does love lead to according to English mystics? | {'text': 'spiritual growth', 'answer_start': 594} |
37,991 | 37,649 | 5a8ca553fd22b3001a8d8caa | generic | Brazil's Atlantic Forest is considered one such hotspot, containing roughly 20,000 plant species, 1,350 vertebrates, and millions of insects, about half of which occur nowhere else.[citation needed] The island of Madagascar and India are also particularly notable. Colombia is characterized by high biodiversity, with th... | Which country has the highest rate of mammals by area unit worldwide? | {'text': 'Colombia', 'answer_start': 265} |
67,821 | 67,479 | 5727adf42ca10214002d9378 | generic | The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 36... | Who mainly administers the Swiss railway system? | {'text': 'Federal Railways', 'answer_start': 268} |
87,983 | 87,641 | 572835953acd2414000df704 | generic | However, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (except for the Basque ... | Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution? | {'text': 'Basque Country and Navarre', 'answer_start': 313} |
40,846 | 40,504 | 570d656efed7b91900d45fc1 | generic | Two assumptions underpinned the British approach to HAA fire; first, aimed fire was the primary method and this was enabled by predicting gun data from visually tracking the target and having its height. Second, that the target would maintain a steady course, speed and height. This HAA was to engage targets up to 24,00... | Another assumption was that the target would maintain a steady course along with what other two factors? | {'text': 'speed and height', 'answer_start': 260} |
21,038 | 20,696 | 56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77546 | generic | Average attendance for AFL games were around 10,000–11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final season of the original league in 2... | In 2008, what was the average attendance for an AFL game? | {'text': '12,957', 'answer_start': 531} |
21,384 | 21,042 | 5ad27318d7d075001a4294af | generic | Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as diale... | According to this few, what language is Latin a dialect of? | {'text': 'Romance languages', 'answer_start': 174} |
6,710 | 6,368 | 56d385c459d6e4140014662b | generic | American Idol premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of 2002. The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year. The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching... | How many people on average watched the American Idol finale in its first season? | {'text': '23 million', 'answer_start': 274} |
129,571 | 129,229 | 5a831713e60761001a2eb3c5 | generic | A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high p... | What have a number of studies found no correlation between? | {'text': 'pathogen load in an area and human behavior', 'answer_start': 55} |
57,828 | 57,486 | 57265794708984140094c30a | generic | The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused b... | Which region has the 2nd largest rain-forest in the world? | {'text': 'Southeast Asia', 'answer_start': 272} |
75,939 | 75,597 | 5727774b5951b619008f8a8c | generic | In Britain, William Paley's Natural Theology saw adaptation as evidence of beneficial "design" by the Creator acting through natural laws. All naturalists in the two English universities (Oxford and Cambridge) were Church of England clergymen, and science became a search for these laws. Geologists adapted catastrophism... | How did most naturalists view the concept of transmutation of species? | {'text': 'a threat to divinely appointed social order.', 'answer_start': 642} |
21,800 | 21,458 | 5ad3f94e604f3c001a3ffaaf | generic | Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings... | Henry II rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom? | {'text': 'Edward the Confessor', 'answer_start': 56} |
33,243 | 32,901 | 57098ca3ed30961900e842da | generic | In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children... | how many raised on orthodox Jewish homes abandon orthodox Judaism typically? | {'text': 'half', 'answer_start': 583} |
51,707 | 51,365 | 5725c44089a1e219009abe33 | generic | According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003. The female population was 707,697 (53.4%) while the male population accounted for 618,271 (46.6%). The population had declined since the pre... | According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Uruguay's population? | {'text': '3,241,003', 'answer_start': 169} |
122,775 | 122,433 | 5ad1457e645df0001a2d14bc | generic | In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public sch... | By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an unofficial school prayer? | {'text': '6-1', 'answer_start': 187} |
49,159 | 48,817 | 571b1eef9499d21900609c20 | generic | Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved. In many cases, these early pavings were made from naturally occurring "bituminous rock", such as at Ritchie Mines in Macfarlan in Ritchie County, West Virginia f... | From what Virginia mines was asphalt obtained for early street pavings? | {'text': 'Ritchie Mines', 'answer_start': 259} |
61,001 | 60,659 | 5726c8bcdd62a815002e901a | generic | Plant ecology is the science of the functional relationships between plants and their habitats—the environments where they complete their life cycles. Plant ecologists study the composition of local and regional floras, their biodiversity, genetic diversity and fitness, the adaptation of plants to their environment, an... | What is the study of plants and the environment in which they live? | {'text': 'Plant ecology', 'answer_start': 0} |
71,947 | 71,605 | 572705155951b619008f84b7 | generic | Astronomy: The first textual mention of astronomical concepts comes from the Vedas, religious literature of India. According to Sarma (2008): "One finds in the Rigveda intelligent speculations about the genesis of the universe from nonexistence, the configuration of the universe, the spherical self-supporting earth, an... | Which text was the first to have concepts of astronomy in it? | {'text': 'the Vedas', 'answer_start': 73} |
2,551 | 2,209 | 5a8d9a35df8bba001a0f9b20 | generic | During this time, Link also helps Midna find the Fused Shadows, fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic. In return, she helps Link find Ordon Village's children while helping the monkeys of Faron, the Gorons of Eldin, and the Zoras of Lanayru. Once Link has restored the Light Spirits and Midna has all the F... | Who attacks Gorons and Eldin when they've finished their collection? | {'text': 'Zant', 'answer_start': 355} |
94,986 | 94,644 | 5acfcfd677cf76001a68614f | generic | There is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels of 100–300 mg ... | What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc hydroxide? | {'text': 'zinc shakes or "zinc chills"', 'answer_start': 587} |
6,852 | 6,510 | 56d38cd959d6e41400146737 | generic | American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made t... | What company has released studio recordings from American Idol since season seven? | {'text': 'iTunes', 'answer_start': 691} |
32,658 | 32,316 | 570979ba200fba1400368044 | generic | In a slightly more complex form a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally. This second attitude of communication, referred to as the constitutive model or constructionist view, focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted. Communication is viewed a... | What is the model of communication in which the sender and receiver are connected reciprocally called? | {'text': 'constitutive model or constructionist view', 'answer_start': 139} |
103,850 | 103,508 | 5acee61232bba1001ae4b8f8 | generic | Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the trajectory, similarly t... | What program aired on NBC about Neptune? | {'text': 'Neptune All Night', 'answer_start': 492} |
79,025 | 78,683 | 5727fa1aff5b5019007d99be | generic | English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God... | What did European mysticism concentrate on that English mysticism didn't? | {'text': 'ecstatic experiences of union with the divine', 'answer_start': 164} |
51,578 | 51,236 | 5a0cdba6f5590b0018dab5d6 | generic | The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases. However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocati... | What did the Gates-funded AIDS program want to ignore? | {'text': 'ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent', 'answer_start': 1076} |
88,664 | 88,322 | 5a3c776dcc5d22001a521dd2 | generic | Even non-theist views about gods vary. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", bec... | What does NOMA avoid about God? | {'text': 'the concept of God', 'answer_start': 62} |
26,390 | 26,048 | 56f9867d9e9bad19000a0a32 | generic | During the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led into World War II, much of Zhejiang was occupied by Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China. Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made ... | What type of American crews came down in China following the Doolittle raid? | {'text': 'B-25', 'answer_start': 260} |
48,563 | 48,221 | 5ad399f2604f3c001a3fe846 | generic | Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money). Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense. A dir... | What happens when companies approve drugs? | {'text': 'somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies', 'answer_start': 503} |
64,166 | 63,824 | 5ad3ea5f604f3c001a3ff6d7 | generic | Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are de... | Who runs Yale's industrial colleges? | {'text': 'The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean', 'answer_start': 380} |
21,253 | 20,911 | 56e82e8c00c9c71400d7760b | generic | During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official n... | When Italy was unified, what was named the official national language? | {'text': 'standard Italian', 'answer_start': 282} |
18,658 | 18,316 | 5ad4f9295b96ef001a10a838 | generic | The word "paper" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing b... | Papyrus are fibers who have been changed through maceration and what is paper? | {'text': 'lamination of natural plant fibres', 'answer_start': 581} |
41,971 | 41,629 | 570d80d7fed7b91900d461da | generic | By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement... | How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm? | {'text': '500,000', 'answer_start': 555} |
50,729 | 50,387 | 5725b2fa69ff041400e58e2e | generic | In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an... | Where is Israel's standard of living ranked in Asia? | {'text': 'fourth', 'answer_start': 704} |
23,648 | 23,306 | 56f7165e3d8e2e1400e37338 | generic | Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 – 16 December 1936), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (25 March 1864 – 14 January 1918), was a Sl... | What ethnicity was Broz's father? | {'text': 'Croat', 'answer_start': 246} |
91,179 | 90,837 | 5729561eaf94a219006aa2d7 | generic | For males, the reproductive system is the testis, suspended in the body cavity by tracheae and the fat body. Most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac. The follicles connect to the vas deferens by the vas efferens, and the two tubular... | Follicles inside a male insect's reproductive system connect to what? | {'text': 'the vas deferens', 'answer_start': 263} |
42,951 | 42,609 | 570df47a0dc6ce1900204d59 | generic | Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano. Another well-known volcano is found on De... | What is the highest peak in Antarctica? | {'text': 'Vinson Massif', 'answer_start': 0} |
20,354 | 20,012 | 56e7990237bdd419002c41e7 | generic | The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor... | What colors are worn by KU's athletic teams? | {'text': 'crimson and royal blue', 'answer_start': 35} |
13,565 | 13,223 | 56dfa2414a1a83140091ebde | generic | To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8... | How is labor often divided in these groups? | {'text': 'sexual division', 'answer_start': 66} |
22,263 | 21,921 | 56f7227a711bf01900a449c4 | generic | The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included ... | How long was symphonic instrumentation faithful to Beethoven's after he died? | {'text': 'several decades', 'answer_start': 1173} |
81,816 | 81,474 | 5728c1b12ca10214002da722 | generic | The rainfall inhibition and the dissipation of cloud cover are most accentuated over the eastern section of the Sahara rather than the western. The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical (cT) air mass which is hot and dry. Hot, dry air masses primarily form over the North-African desert ... | What part of the country does the air masses primarily form over? | {'text': 'North-African desert', 'answer_start': 299} |
100,417 | 100,075 | 5acd7aae07355d001abf43f9 | generic | Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) is a contemplative, absorbing process, of "learning on your own" or "by yourself", or as a self-teacher. Some autodidacts spend a great deal of time reviewing the resources of libraries and educational websites. One may become an autodidact at nearly any point in one's life. While s... | Which famous inventor was not an Autodidact? | {'text': 'Thomas Alva Edison', 'answer_start': 634} |
29,118 | 28,776 | 5705f88475f01819005e77f2 | generic | Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior position... | During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency? | {'text': 'MI6', 'answer_start': 262} |
119,664 | 119,322 | 573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc81 | generic | Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has... | What is the name for the grouping of countries of China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan? | {'text': 'middle powers', 'answer_start': 530} |
39,961 | 39,619 | 570e808e0b85d914000d7f61 | generic | At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canber... | On what date was the first federal parliament convened? | {'text': '9 May 1901', 'answer_start': 161} |
118,555 | 118,213 | 57310c82a5e9cc1400cdbbdf | generic | The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During So... | When was the first Namibian newspaper founded? | {'text': '1898', 'answer_start': 84} |
18,489 | 18,147 | 5acd3e2807355d001abf3a05 | generic | The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their cu... | How are the seto and voro communties similar? | {'text': 'culture', 'answer_start': 318} |
6,823 | 6,481 | 56d38bc459d6e414001466f1 | generic | American Idol became the most expensive series on broadcast networks for advertisers starting season four, and by the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for a regularly scheduled prime-time network series, selling over $700,000 for a 30-seconds slot, and reaching up to $1.3 million for the finale... | In which season did American Idol become the costliest show for advertising on television? | {'text': 'season four', 'answer_start': 94} |
27,624 | 27,282 | 56fa03388f12f31900630081 | generic | In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur... | What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses? | {'text': 'the Ajuran Sultanate', 'answer_start': 91} |
56,700 | 56,358 | 572678f75951b619008f73bf | generic | Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically. The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of ... | When was Mexico City declared the capital? | {'text': 'November 18, 1824', 'answer_start': 259} |
114,586 | 114,244 | 5730146f947a6a140053d07c | generic | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable,... | John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style? | {'text': 'The Regency style', 'answer_start': 565} |
781 | 439 | 56d4dd502ccc5a1400d832ae | generic | She has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Destiny's Child and her solo efforts. Her early songs were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like "Independent Women" and "Survivor", but after the start of her relationship with Jay Z she transitioned to more man-tending... | Beyoncé's early recordings empowered who? | {'text': 'Women', 'answer_start': 210} |
14,939 | 14,597 | 56dff5ca231d4119001abf0f | generic | The most popular term in English-speaking Canada used for a drinking establishment was "tavern", until the 1970s when the term "bar" became widespread as in the United States. In the 1800s the term used was "public house" as in England but "pub culture" did not spread to Canada. A fake "English looking" pub trend start... | In what decade could one find an "English looking" pub trend in Canada? | {'text': '1990s', 'answer_start': 330} |
125,555 | 125,213 | 5732bad2cc179a14009dac40 | generic | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | Peter J. Wallison's conclusions regarding the financial crisis are not in agreement with this economist's views? | {'text': 'Krugman', 'answer_start': 11} |
18,133 | 17,791 | 56e156e7cd28a01900c677ef | generic | By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures. The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and ser... | During what period were the Little Tough Guys films produced? | {'text': '1938–43', 'answer_start': 326} |
96,334 | 95,992 | 5acd5d9e07355d001abf3f01 | generic | Energy transfer can be considered for the special case of systems which are closed to transfers of matter. The portion of the energy which is transferred by conservative forces over a distance is measured as the work the source system does on the receiving system. The portion of the energy which does not do work during... | the inductive transer of what kind of energy? | {'text': 'thermal', 'answer_start': 585} |
96,468 | 96,126 | 5a3bf96acc5d22001a521c82 | generic | Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely a... | In what year did the East Prussian Nazi party form? | {'text': '1928', 'answer_start': 52} |
10,983 | 10,641 | 56e4c4a539bdeb14003479d0 | generic | One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o... | What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise? | {'text': 'nature', 'answer_start': 191} |
72,055 | 71,713 | 5727faabff5b5019007d99ca | generic | The beginning of the 20th century brought the start of a revolution in physics. The long-held theories of Newton were shown not to be correct in all circumstances. Beginning in 1900, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr and others developed quantum theories to explain various anomalous experimental results, by intro... | Edwin Hubble's discovery about galaxies allowed for which theory by Georges Lemaitre? | {'text': 'the Big Bang theory', 'answer_start': 994} |
5,774 | 5,432 | 56d1eab6e7d4791d00902517 | generic | Sarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents of Yogacara asser... | What is the doctrine that says that the mind and only the mind are real? | {'text': 'cittamatra', 'answer_start': 396} |
30,933 | 30,591 | 570714959e06ca38007e93bc | generic | The state seemed at relative calm compared to the rest of the country due to its close ties to the United States until 1841. In 1843 the possibility of war was anticipated by the state government and it began to reinforce the defense lines along the political boundary with Texas. Supplies of weapons were sent to fully ... | The state decreed that how many men serve along the border in 1846? | {'text': '6,000', 'answer_start': 975} |
78,707 | 78,365 | 5727a90d3acd2414000de90f | generic | As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bish... | In what country did Dominic experience a great famine? | {'text': 'Spain', 'answer_start': 149} |
30,573 | 30,231 | 5ad2855cd7d075001a42989b | generic | With house music already massive on the '80s dance-scene it was only a matter of time before it would penetrate the UK pop charts.[citation needed] The record generally credited as the first house hit in the UK was Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love Can't Turn Around" which reached #10 in the UK singles chart in Septembe... | What did "Love Can't Turn Around" peak at in the Farley charts? | {'text': '#10', 'answer_start': 281} |
9,283 | 8,941 | 5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c6 | generic | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What year did Heinrich Anton de Bary become a mycologist? | {'text': '1879', 'answer_start': 330} |
63,870 | 63,528 | 5ad3d3ec604f3c001a3ff29d | generic | Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in one of the first intercollegiate debates, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspape... | In what year was the last debate between Harvard, Yale, and Princeton? | {'text': '1909', 'answer_start': 89} |
74,905 | 74,563 | 572797715951b619008f8e40 | generic | Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events. Full costume is worn, complete with make-up and body paint/adornment. Usually "Mas Boots" that complement the costumes are worn. Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme, and contains various sections (some consisting of thousands of revelers) that ref... | What do the mas bands eventually converge on? | {'text': "the Queen's Park Savannah", 'answer_start': 435} |
12,819 | 12,477 | 5ad2d405d7d075001a42a3ce | generic | Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknam... | Which nickname was endorsed by Kenneth Samuel Wuest? | {'text': 'Christians', 'answer_start': 260} |
18,708 | 18,366 | 56e753fb37bdd419002c3e82 | generic | Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of sur... | What is added for sizing purposes? | {'text': 'Additives', 'answer_start': 134} |
63,878 | 63,536 | 57269e6bdd62a815002e8b1d | generic | In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall p... | Who represented Harvard during the rule changing debates? | {'text': 'A. Lawrence Lowell', 'answer_start': 414} |
108,575 | 108,233 | 572f75bd04bcaa1900d76999 | generic | In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with t... | In what year did Hyderabad become the capital of Nizams? | {'text': '1769', 'answer_start': 3} |
37,823 | 37,481 | 570bc3996b8089140040fa1e | generic | On the other hand, changes through the Phanerozoic correlate much better with the hyperbolic model (widely used in population biology, demography and macrosociology, as well as fossil biodiversity) than with exponential and logistic models. The latter models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order p... | What models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback? | {'text': 'exponential and logistic models', 'answer_start': 208} |
10,800 | 10,458 | 56e47fc539bdeb1400347958 | generic | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand? | {'text': 'rapidly', 'answer_start': 581} |
129,043 | 128,701 | 573429574776f419006619dd | generic | Three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B. Gordon's desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed. On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett a... | Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman? | {'text': 'east', 'answer_start': 168} |
59,634 | 59,292 | 5acfcbe077cf76001a686067 | generic | Usually a Presbyterian church will not have statues of saints, nor the ornate altar more typical of a Roman Catholic church. Instead, one will find a "communion table," usually on the same level as the congregation. There may be a rail between the communion table and the "Chancel" behind it, which may contain a more de... | What type of altar does the Presbyterian church usually have? | {'text': 'ornate altar more typical of a Roman Catholic church', 'answer_start': 71} |
67,263 | 66,921 | 5726a6ba5951b619008f791d | generic | In 1886, Frank Julian Sprague invented the first practical DC motor, a non-sparking motor that maintained relatively constant speed under variable loads. Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution (prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison), allowed power from el... | What needs to exist between the rotor and stator for increased efficiency? | {'text': 'small air gap', 'answer_start': 1359} |
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