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16,994 | 16,652 | 56e1156fe3433e1400422bae | generic | Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law. | What is a term for the Church of England and churches that align with it? | {'text': 'the Anglican Communion', 'answer_start': 18} |
48,777 | 48,435 | 5acf7f9177cf76001a684fcb | generic | According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and Muhammad both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and they originally came from the city of Mecca. Muhammad descended from Abd Manāf via his son Hashim, while the Umayyads descended from Abd Manaf via a different son, A... | Who suspects that Muhammad was an adopted son? | {'text': 'Muslim Shia historians', 'answer_start': 511} |
70,202 | 69,860 | 5726e991708984140094d5a1 | generic | The majority of simplified characters are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms, or ancient standard forms. For example, the orthodox character 來 lái ("come") was written with the structure 来 in the clerical script (隶书 / 隸書, lìshū) of the Han dynasty. This clerical form uses one fewer stroke, and was thus adopted a... | What script uses one fewer stroke? | {'text': 'clerical script', 'answer_start': 203} |
30,651 | 30,309 | 5ad28fb0d7d075001a429a78 | generic | Back in America the scene had still not progressed beyond a small number of clubs in Chicago, Detroit, Newark and New York City. However, many independent Chicago-based record labels were making appearances on the Dance Chart with their releases. In the UK, any house song released by a Chicago-based label was routinely... | What was a top club for house music in Detroit? | {'text': 'Paradise Garage', 'answer_start': 379} |
120,101 | 119,759 | 573145e5497a881900248d35 | generic | The Western powers, largely unsatisfied with the Treaty of Nanjing, gave grudging support to the Qing government during the Taiping and Nian Rebellions. China's income fell sharply during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives were lost, and countless armies were raised and equipped to fig... | Were the European empires satisfied or unsatisfied by the Treaty of Nanjing? | {'text': 'unsatisfied', 'answer_start': 28} |
90,023 | 89,681 | 5ad4109c604f3c001a4001be | generic | Built around 1915, the Alaska Railroad (ARR) played a key role in the development of Alaska through the 20th century. It links north Pacific shipping through providing critical infrastructure with tracks that run from Seward to Interior Alaska by way of South Central Alaska, passing through Anchorage, Eklutna, Wasilla,... | Which development in 1915 played no role in developing Alaska? | {'text': 'Alaska Railroad (ARR)', 'answer_start': 23} |
57,326 | 56,984 | 5726dccf708984140094d408 | generic | While the Concordat restored much power to the papacy, the balance of church-state relations had tilted firmly in Napoleon's favour. He selected the bishops and supervised church finances. Napoleon and the pope both found the Concordat useful. Similar arrangements were made with the Church in territories controlled by ... | The children of France were given a catechism that taught them to love and respect whom? | {'text': 'Napoleon', 'answer_start': 665} |
74,071 | 73,729 | 57277d20f1498d1400e8f990 | generic | New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the postwar period brought rapid industrial decline; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were hit particularly hard. Simultaneously, the growth and expansion of Yale University fur... | What sector originally provided the largest contribution to New Haven's economy? | {'text': 'manufacturing', 'answer_start': 44} |
93,269 | 92,927 | 57291636af94a219006aa065 | generic | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | Who redrew Germany's internal borders after World War II? | {'text': 'Allied military governments', 'answer_start': 97} |
69,286 | 68,944 | 5a7a326d17ab25001a8a039c | generic | Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literat... | What do social studies take as its subject and analysis? | {'text': 'popular and minority genres, in addition to canonical works', 'answer_start': 542} |
12,924 | 12,582 | 5ad2e059d7d075001a42a5c0 | generic | In Japan, the term kirishitan (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories as キリシタン), from Portuguese cristão, referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the Tokugawa shogunate. Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as キリ... | By who was Kurisuchan banned? | {'text': 'Tokugawa shogunate', 'answer_start': 240} |
78,258 | 77,916 | 5a73b29142eae6001a389980 | generic | In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in ... | In what country were minor party positions more important? | {'text': 'China', 'answer_start': 397} |
96,111 | 95,769 | 5729e5501d0469140077965d | generic | Some types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy. An example is mechanical energy which is the sum of (usually macroscopic) kinetic and potential energy in a system. Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy (among atoms and molecules), as is chemical ener... | Some types of energy are a varying mix of potential and what other kind of energy? | {'text': 'kinetic', 'answer_start': 61} |
76,943 | 76,601 | 5727911add62a815002ea09e | generic | Spanish Supreme Court is the highest court for all cases in Spain (both private and public). Only those cases related to human rights can be appealed at the Constitutional Court (which also decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution).
In Spain, high courts cannot create binding precedents; however, lower r... | The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas? | {'text': 'private and public', 'answer_start': 72} |
65,633 | 65,291 | 5a21ab358a6e4f001aa08e5d | generic | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What does Hippo's view attack regarding what Christians believed? | {'text': 'that the Christian view could be realized on Earth', 'answer_start': 578} |
121,673 | 121,331 | 5a77a302b73996001af5a4c4 | generic | Although the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty "masters," provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very sp... | What type of student did schools that focus on very controlled topics aim to create? | {'text': 'specialists', 'answer_start': 366} |
68,673 | 68,331 | 57270f6cf1498d1400e8f2dc | generic | Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism. In developed countries, the diseases of malnutrition are most often associated with nutritional imbalances or excessive consumption. In developing countries, malnutrition is more likely to be caused by poor access to ... | An imbalance in the intake of nutrients by any organism can be referred by which term? | {'text': 'Malnutrition', 'answer_start': 0} |
111,672 | 111,330 | 5ad0c13c645df0001a2d01d0 | generic | Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and for... | How much was the deal worth when it was renewed in 1986? | {'text': '£44 million over four years.', 'answer_start': 188} |
14,357 | 14,015 | 56df875256340a1900b29d00 | generic | In the following year, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. At Boston University, Bell was "swept up" by the excitement engendered by the many scientists ... | With what school did Bell get his next teaching job? | {'text': 'Boston University School of Oratory.', 'answer_start': 86} |
83,457 | 83,115 | 5728200fff5b5019007d9d98 | generic | Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the forti... | What river is Strasbourg by? | {'text': 'Rhine', 'answer_start': 41} |
126,468 | 126,126 | 5a821bcb31013a001a335217 | generic | Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. Psychologists Carl Rogers and Abra... | What century did humanistic psychology lose popularity? | {'text': '20th century', 'answer_start': 89} |
13,140 | 12,798 | 5ace352132bba1001ae49e57 | generic | On November 17, 1987, SCA acquired CBS Records, which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson, for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now CBS Corporation, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name. CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distr... | On what date did CBS Records acquire SCA? | {'text': 'November 17, 1987', 'answer_start': 3} |
47,945 | 47,603 | 571a5a3d10f8ca1400304feb | generic | It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figure... | By 1931, what percentage of the world’s Jews were Ashkenazi Jews? | {'text': '92 percent', 'answer_start': 165} |
69,184 | 68,842 | 572782e0dd62a815002e9f37 | generic | Resource mismanagement is a particular problem with NPOs because the employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization. For example, an employee may start a new program without disclosing its complete liabilities. The employee may be rewarded for improving the NPO's reputation, making oth... | How is resource mismanagement allowed to happen so easily? | {'text': 'employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization', 'answer_start': 69} |
109,153 | 108,811 | 5ace241532bba1001ae49b9d | generic | Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop. The University acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory. Several University ad... | In what year did the school acquire the West Campus building? | {'text': '2004', 'answer_start': 246} |
78,021 | 77,679 | 5727ac723acd2414000de94b | generic | Mīmāṃsā gave rise to the study of philology and the philosophy of language. While their deep analysis of language and linguistics influenced other schools, their views were not shared by others. Mīmāṃsākas considered the purpose and power of language was to clearly prescribe the proper, correct and right. In contrast, ... | What school thought that language was supposed to be widened to describe and develop? | {'text': 'Vedantins', 'answer_start': 320} |
50,669 | 50,327 | 57266454f1498d1400e8de11 | generic | All Freemasons begin their journey in the "craft" by being progressively initiated, passed and raised into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other... | Who was the chief architect of the Temple of Solomon? | {'text': 'Hiram Abiff', 'answer_start': 524} |
67,169 | 66,827 | 5726e9c2708984140094d5a7 | generic | In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the... | What group was responsible for recognizing Paul Vi's miracle? | {'text': 'Congregation for the Causes of Saints', 'answer_start': 416} |
86,544 | 86,202 | 5acfb9fb77cf76001a685ab4 | generic | Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision "with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island". If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald". Be... | Currently, royal dissent has been delegated to whom? | {'text': 'lieutenant governor', 'answer_start': 605} |
45,232 | 44,890 | 5ad35717604f3c001a3fdddf | generic | In 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as Michael's mentor and implement Michael's ideas for growing the company. Walker was also instrumental in recruiting members to the board of directors when the company went public in 1988. ... | What year didn't Michael Dell bring in Lee Walker to the company? | {'text': '1986', 'answer_start': 3} |
44,629 | 44,287 | 5ad3751d604f3c001a3fe2e9 | generic | In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state ... | In what year did Prince Andrew and Sarah get divorced? | {'text': '1992', 'answer_start': 97} |
55,718 | 55,376 | 57266f21708984140094c5d3 | generic | With the gradual weakening of the Marathas in the aftermath of the three Anglo-Maratha wars, the British also secured the Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat, the fort of Ahmmadnagar, province of Cuttack (which included Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Odisha... | what country took over the fort of Ahmmadnagar that then became part of the cause for the Maratha Emprie to end? | {'text': 'British', 'answer_start': 97} |
46,760 | 46,418 | 5aceb26d32bba1001ae4b099 | generic | Nonetheless, within a few years of his death, Gregory of Nazianzus called him the "Pillar of the Church". His writings were well regarded by all Church fathers who followed, in both the West and the East, who noted their rich devotion to the Word-become-man, great pastoral concern, and profound interest in monasticism.... | What was he known as soon after he was born? | {'text': 'Pillar of the Church', 'answer_start': 83} |
18,474 | 18,132 | 5acd3d4907355d001abf39ec | generic | The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. | What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken? | {'text': 'Tartu', 'answer_start': 156} |
23,481 | 23,139 | 56f7489aaef2371900625ab9 | generic | In practice, because of sovereignty, any state can withdraw from any treaty at any time. The question of whether this is permitted is really a question of how other states will react to the withdrawal; for instance, another state might impose sanctions or go to war over a treaty violation. | What might a state do in response to another state's withdrawal from a treaty? | {'text': 'impose sanctions or go to war', 'answer_start': 236} |
71,707 | 71,365 | 5acf67a277cf76001a684d8c | generic | Most types of capacitor include a dielectric spacer, which increases their capacitance. These dielectrics are most often insulators. However, low capacitance devices are available with a vacuum between their plates, which allows extremely high voltage operation and low losses. Variable capacitors with their plates open... | What sort of capacitors have not traditionally been used in radio tuning circuits? | {'text': 'Variable capacitors', 'answer_start': 278} |
7,521 | 7,179 | 56d967bbdc89441400fdb402 | generic |
Pakistan: The Olympic torch reached Islamabad for the first time ever on April 16. President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay. Security was high, for what one newspaper called the "most sensitive leg" of the torch's Olympic journey. The relay was initi... | Who spoke at the opening ceremony in Islamabad in addition to President Musharraf? | {'text': 'Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani', 'answer_start': 116} |
98,876 | 98,534 | 572ac437111d821400f38d3c | generic | Kerry chaired the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993. The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia." In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietna... | What committee did Kerry chair in 1991-1993? | {'text': 'the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs', 'answer_start': 14} |
97,852 | 97,510 | 572a73ae27b69114009ef5c7 | generic | There is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the med... | What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris | {'text': 'princely patrons', 'answer_start': 486} |
75,415 | 75,073 | 5727634f5951b619008f8933 | generic | The western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, Great Balsam Mountains, and Black Mountains. The Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mo... | The weatern part of North Carolina is part of what mountain range? | {'text': 'Appalachian Mountain range', 'answer_start': 48} |
62,032 | 61,690 | 57288e8eff5b5019007da2ea | generic | Restrictions on media censorship were significantly eased in August 2012 following demonstrations by hundreds of protesters who wore shirts demanding that the government "Stop Killing the Press." The most significant change has come in the form that media organisations will no longer have to submit their content to a c... | What did demonstrators wear during the media rally? | {'text': 'wore shirts demanding that the government "Stop Killing the Press.', 'answer_start': 128} |
129,142 | 128,800 | 5734438f879d6814001ca419 | generic | Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?] has more than 575... | How many square meters of space does Virginia BioTechnology Research Park consist of? | {'text': '53,400', 'answer_start': 338} |
19,446 | 19,104 | 56e7adc800c9c71400d774ce | generic | A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems ass... | During what time period did Russia use permanent DST? | {'text': '2011 to 2014', 'answer_start': 563} |
33,365 | 33,023 | 570993c9ed30961900e84355 | generic | Among the other phyla, the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish, are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus. Both have distinct tissues, but they are not organized into organs. There are only two main g... | The digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what? | {'text': 'both the mouth and the anus', 'answer_start': 198} |
15,352 | 15,010 | 5acf8e7077cf76001a685259 | generic | Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Grove emphasize th... | R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner and others are not considered to be comic what? | {'text': 'Theorists', 'answer_start': 209} |
88,553 | 88,211 | 572bfa0f750c471900ed4c5a | generic | There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Univ... | Where do scholars believe the name Adonai came from? | {'text': 'Aten', 'answer_start': 820} |
91,006 | 90,664 | 5ad23c18d7d075001a428877 | generic | To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but al... | What are large ensambles composed of? | {'text': 'two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello', 'answer_start': 871} |
24,259 | 23,917 | 56f7c779aef2371900625c0d | generic | Some powerful Polish nobles were referred to as "magnates" (Polish singular: "magnat", plural: "magnaci") and "możny" ("magnate", "oligarch"; plural: "możni"); see Magnates of Poland and Lithuania. | What other country besides Poland were polish nobles most likely found? | {'text': 'Lithuania', 'answer_start': 187} |
127,185 | 126,843 | 57335849d058e614000b5899 | generic | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | While recognizing genocide, what did the UN General Assembly fail to do in its resolution? | {'text': 'provide a legal definition of the crime', 'answer_start': 400} |
7,345 | 7,003 | 56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb332 | generic | Greece: On March 24, 2008, the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Olympic Games. The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who ha... | Who was the first person to carry the torch? | {'text': 'Alexandros Nikolaidis', 'answer_start': 279} |
6,304 | 5,962 | 56d3726559d6e414001463e8 | generic | Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion. Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair. The allegat... | Which contestant was removed from the competition for having been a model on an adult website? | {'text': 'Frenchie Davis', 'answer_start': 492} |
127,160 | 126,818 | 5a68b6d18476ee001a58a795 | generic | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What elements of group existence, other than people themselves, can never be targets of genocide? | {'text': 'language, culture, and economic infrastructure', 'answer_start': 380} |
6,588 | 6,246 | 56d37f1a59d6e41400146553 | generic | Phillips released "Home" as his coronation song, while Sanchez released "Change Nothing". Phillips' "Home" has since become the best selling of all coronation songs. | What is the first song that Phillip Phliips released after winning American Idol? | {'text': 'Home', 'answer_start': 19} |
81,912 | 81,570 | 5a611570e9e1cc001a33cebd | generic | The Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The cheetah avoids the sun from April to October, seeking the shelter of shrubs such as balanites and acacias. T... | What is the coloring of the northeast subspecies of cheetah? | {'text': 'unusually pale', 'answer_start': 328} |
42,891 | 42,549 | 570dec460dc6ce1900204d0e | generic | Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which deri... | What did Chaucer call the area in 1391? | {'text': 'pol antartik', 'answer_start': 432} |
29,055 | 28,713 | 5705df8d75f01819005e76ca | generic | The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), th... | What year did The Times of India start? | {'text': '1838', 'answer_start': 153} |
129,623 | 129,281 | 5735e8236c16ec1900b92882 | generic | While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory ... | What is undisputed about earlier humans? | {'text': 'humans were hunters', 'answer_start': 34} |
87,896 | 87,554 | 572827732ca10214002d9f60 | generic | Whilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland. Tensions between t... | What countries dismissed the federalist model? | {'text': 'Ukraine or Syria', 'answer_start': 582} |
57,714 | 57,372 | 57295f556aef051400154da9 | generic | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century? | {'text': 'Romanovs and the Habsburgs', 'answer_start': 379} |
18,322 | 17,980 | 56e16c15cd28a01900c678fa | generic | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it... | Who directed The Day of the Jackal? | {'text': 'Fred Zinnemann', 'answer_start': 672} |
26,928 | 26,586 | 5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb61 | generic | In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system... | In the end what was the Non-Soviet Union's Transformator system used for? | {'text': 'research project', 'answer_start': 289} |
129,521 | 129,179 | 57342dcc4776f41900661a23 | generic | Resistance to infection (immunity) may be acquired following a disease, by asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, by harboring an organism with a similar structure (crossreacting), or by vaccination. Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired host immune factors is more complete for primary pathogens th... | What is knowledge of protective antigens more complete for? | {'text': 'primary pathogens', 'answer_start': 300} |
122,788 | 122,446 | 5731cc95e99e3014001e62ab | generic | In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ... | What did an Arkansas law make it a crime to teach the theory of? | {'text': 'that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals', 'answer_start': 144} |
34,521 | 34,179 | 5a104760decec900184755f8 | generic | After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Han... | How many soldiers from Hanover occupied France? | {'text': '30,000', 'answer_start': 100} |
118,358 | 118,016 | 5730f379497a881900248a90 | generic | Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Several registered political parties are active and represented in ... | What type of independence was introduced in Namibia after independence? | {'text': 'Multiparty democracy', 'answer_start': 132} |
28,228 | 27,886 | 56fb87368ddada1400cd64c6 | generic | The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–... | What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures? | {'text': 'the Little Ice Age', 'answer_start': 197} |
120,852 | 120,510 | 5ad4f29b5b96ef001a10a73a | generic | In China, red (simplified Chinese: 红; traditional Chinese: 紅; pinyin: hóng) is the symbol of fire and the south (both south in general and Southern China specifically). It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer. ... | What does red signify in southern cultural traditions? | {'text': 'courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer', 'answer_start': 234} |
18,745 | 18,403 | 5ad500215b96ef001a10a8ed | generic | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | Which type of papers have the lowest optical density in the printed image? | {'text': 'Gloss papers', 'answer_start': 434} |
20,644 | 20,302 | 56e7a7dc37bdd419002c42d4 | generic | In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 36,... | Was the GDP in 2013 an increase or decrease over 2012's levels? | {'text': 'increase', 'answer_start': 242} |
70,968 | 70,626 | 5a57bbd9770dc0001aeefd25 | generic | Several churches and monasteries were built inside, or close to, the city of Utrecht. The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress. The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire. Th... | When was construction completed on the Cathedral of Saint Martin? | {'text': '1420', 'answer_start': 475} |
22,669 | 22,327 | 5ad4b45b5b96ef001a109e05 | generic | Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations th... | What formed in the 1990s? | {'text': 'Yugoslavia', 'answer_start': 981} |
111,487 | 111,145 | 573092c08ab72b1400f9c5a5 | generic | Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There a... | What denominational variance do they adhere to for the most part ? | {'text': 'belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church', 'answer_start': 28} |
102,263 | 101,921 | 57317d77e6313a140071cfae | generic | Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeir... | What revolutionary group sought to overthrow the president of Sudan? | {'text': "Sudan People's Liberation Army", 'answer_start': 371} |
2,539 | 2,197 | 5a8d9520df8bba001a0f9b18 | generic | Twilight Princess takes place several centuries after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, and begins with a youth named Link who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village. One day, the village is attacked by Bulblins, who carry off the village's children with Link in pursuit before he encounters a wall of Twilight. A ... | What dos Midna have to gather in order to complete each area? | {'text': 'Tears of Light', 'answer_start': 940} |
77,465 | 77,123 | 5727c6c9ff5b5019007d94e4 | generic | A different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful than the two matrixed format... | Who created the CD-4 format? | {'text': 'RCA', 'answer_start': 68} |
50,601 | 50,259 | 5726596df1498d1400e8dcd4 | generic | The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania. The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania, John Moore, wrote of attending lodges there in 1715, two years before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London. The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731, b... | A Provincial Grand Master for North America was first appointed when? | {'text': '1731', 'answer_start': 313} |
65,428 | 65,086 | 5acfce2e77cf76001a6860d5 | generic | The Section d'Or, also known as Groupe de Puteaux, founded by some of the most conspicuous Cubists, was a collective of painters, sculptors and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism, active from 1911 through about 1914, coming to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépenda... | What was also known as Non-Groupe de Puteaux? | {'text': "The Section d'Or", 'answer_start': 0} |
104,646 | 104,304 | 5ad41d04604f3c001a4005ae | generic | The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts... | What percentage of Charleston's population were slave people of color? | {'text': '8', 'answer_start': 160} |
107,439 | 107,097 | 572f2a9bb2c2fd1400567f51 | generic | Following the Enlightenment's ideas, the reformers looked to the Scientific Revolution and industrial progress to solve the social problems which arose with the Industrial Revolution. Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation, yielding a coherent sy... | What did the reformers look to to solve social problems? | {'text': 'Scientific Revolution and industrial progress', 'answer_start': 65} |
128,656 | 128,314 | 5734161dd058e614000b690e | generic | The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on... | When was the Montana Territory formed? | {'text': 'April 26, 1864', 'answer_start': 36} |
120,279 | 119,937 | 573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcad | generic | Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, ... | Where are there still populations of indigenous peoples? | {'text': 'Many parts of the Americas', 'answer_start': 0} |
66,707 | 66,365 | 5726a5daf1498d1400e8e60a | generic | Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti. According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give t... | What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in? | {'text': 'headhunting', 'answer_start': 226} |
48,330 | 47,988 | 571abee110f8ca1400305338 | generic | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What period was the report issued in 1958 cover? | {'text': '1946-1955', 'answer_start': 173} |
7,927 | 7,585 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08c | generic | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | How do you calculate tandem repeats? | {'text': 'using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size', 'answer_start': 50} |
129,470 | 129,128 | 5734284ad058e614000b6a48 | generic | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What technological ability with regards to detection is currently available? | {'text': 'ability to detect any infectious agent', 'answer_start': 24} |
14,289 | 13,947 | 56df7e4f5ca0a614008f9b38 | generic | His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist (1... | What was Bell's father most famous for publishing? | {'text': 'The Standard Elocutionist', 'answer_start': 292} |
124,302 | 123,960 | 5a53ea60bdaabd001a3867e5 | generic | Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious musi... | What instruments is Aram Khatchaturian famous for playing? | {'text': 'the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun', 'answer_start': 17} |
96,894 | 96,552 | 572a6560b8ce0319002e2b1e | generic | Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutze... | Which sultan ordered a Greek scholar to do translations of work by Ptolemy? | {'text': 'Sultan Mehmet II', 'answer_start': 277} |
126,021 | 125,679 | 5733e6d34776f4190066147c | generic | There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish (in the Tagus International Natural Park) to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes (along the western portion of country, for example). Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of... | How many freshwater fish species can be found in Portugal? | {'text': 'more than 100', 'answer_start': 10} |
97,798 | 97,456 | 572a69757a1753140016af1a | generic | In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was known as a maktab, which dates back to at least the 10th century. Like madaris (which referred to higher education), a maktab was often attached to an endowed mosque. In the 11th century, the famous Persian Islamic philosopher and teacher Ibn Sīnā (known as Avicen... | Who wrote a training guide for Islamic maktab teachers? | {'text': 'Ibn Sīnā', 'answer_start': 295} |
127,395 | 127,053 | 57340e5dd058e614000b68bc | generic | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | What did UN Security Council Resolution 1564 authorize in 2004? | {'text': 'an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur', 'answer_start': 418} |
102,304 | 101,962 | 573182e9e6313a140071cfef | generic | The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the admini... | What Libyan government official allegedly plotted to kill Gaddafi in 1978? | {'text': 'head of military intelligence', 'answer_start': 117} |
17,073 | 16,731 | 56e1b646e3433e14004230ce | generic | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking? | {'text': 'mobile banking', 'answer_start': 326} |
47,299 | 46,957 | 5a8cdae5fd22b3001a8d8f4f | generic | In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revea... | What type of memory does not depend on the cerebellum and basal ganglia? | {'text': 'Procedural memory', 'answer_start': 503} |
15,892 | 15,550 | 5acd287307355d001abf3737 | generic | In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguis... | What makes up combined phonemes? | {'text': 'Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ]', 'answer_start': 196} |
129,300 | 128,958 | 57341ab74776f4190066187f | generic | Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of... | What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of? | {'text': 'host defenses', 'answer_start': 620} |
50,026 | 49,684 | 5723fd980ba9f01400d97b08 | generic | Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on ... | What year did Princess Charlotte of Wales die? | {'text': '1817', 'answer_start': 257} |
18,681 | 18,339 | 5ad4fa485b96ef001a10a851 | generic | There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reactio... | What is a specialty process used to pulp paper mills? | {'text': 'Soda pulping', 'answer_start': 632} |
40,785 | 40,443 | 570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d96 | generic | From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of... | Where was the Observer Corps based? | {'text': 'Britain', 'answer_start': 247} |
2,643 | 2,301 | 5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b71 | generic | The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonu... | What ended up not being supported in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? | {'text': 'Wii controller', 'answer_start': 895} |
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