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85,595 | 85,253 | 57281ecd2ca10214002d9e44 | generic | St. John's economy is connected to both its role as the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the ocean. The civil service which is supported by the federal, provincial and municipal governments has been the key to the expansion of the city's labour force and to the stability of its economy, which supp... | Who is the second largest employer in the city? | {'text': 'Memorial University', 'answer_start': 447} |
24,160 | 23,818 | 56f964d89e9bad19000a08c8 | generic | On 28 April 2015, the Iranian navy seized the Marshall Island-flagged MV Maersk Tigris near the Strait of Hormuz. The ship had been chartered by Germany's Rickmers Ship Management, which stated that the ship contained no special cargo and no military weapons. The ship was reported to be under the control of the Iranian... | How many crew members were on the MV Maersk Tigris? | {'text': '34', 'answer_start': 662} |
39,986 | 39,644 | 570e8afb0dc6ce19002050e5 | generic | Residential architecture is not defined by a single architectural style, but rather an eclectic mix of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings in the metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl). Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens are perhaps the most common type of hou... | What are the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne? | {'text': 'Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens', 'answer_start': 227} |
72,258 | 71,916 | 5727a40bff5b5019007d91b1 | generic | "Digimon" are "Digital Monsters". According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network. The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces. To help them surmount the ... | Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same? | {'text': 'The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series', 'answer_start': 534} |
68,836 | 68,494 | 5726e7d3f1498d1400e8ef86 | generic | Britain was concerned about Russian activity and Sir John Burgoyne senior advisor to Lord Aberdeen urged that the Dardanelles should be occupied and throw up works of sufficient strength to block any Russian move to capture Constantinople and gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men t... | As men were sent to the Dardanelles, where did Burgoyne go? | {'text': 'Paris', 'answer_start': 361} |
85,230 | 84,888 | 5727fdf64b864d1900164190 | generic | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | Who was the first president of the ECB? | {'text': 'Wim Duisenberg', 'answer_start': 36} |
31,480 | 31,138 | 5709517c9928a8140047152b | generic | The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, ... | What does Houston's mayor also serve as? | {'text': "the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative", 'answer_start': 390} |
56,373 | 56,031 | 5a678045f038b7001ab0c260 | generic | The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the German astronomer Julius Scheiner (1858–1913) in 1894 originally as a method of comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography. Scheiner's system rated the speed of a plate by the least exposure to produce a visible darkening upon development. Speed w... | When did the Scheinergrade system become outdated? | {'text': '1894', 'answer_start': 100} |
74,055 | 73,713 | 57277787dd62a815002e9da7 | generic | Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (su... | What downtown New Haven restaurant was cited by the New York Times, Esquire and Wine Spectator for its outstanding Spanish cuisine? | {'text': 'Ibiza', 'answer_start': 326} |
114,684 | 114,342 | 5a13a6e6c8eab200188dc9e9 | generic | Public buildings generally varied between the extremes of plain boxes with grid windows and Italian Late Renaissance palaces, depending on budget. Somerset House in London, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1776 for government offices, was as magnificent as any country house, though never quite finished, as funds ran... | What do commercial projects early in them. Tend to be? | {'text': 'architectural in intention', 'answer_start': 605} |
63,230 | 62,888 | 5a70dbb38abb0b001a6761c9 | generic | Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This... | How are weeds also used when harvested commercially? | {'text': 'for non-agricultural purposes', 'answer_start': 505} |
76,218 | 75,876 | 57278c7b5951b619008f8d25 | generic | On February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's "thaw" in the mid-1950s. On May 6, 1987, Pamyat, a Russian nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow. The authorities did not break up the demonstration and even kept traffic out of the demo... | Who released the prisoners in the 1950s? | {'text': "Khrushchev's", 'answer_start': 95} |
30,678 | 30,336 | 5706b68e0eeca41400aa0d7c | generic | The early 1990s additionally saw the rise in mainstream US popularity for house music. Pop recording artist Madonna's 1990 single "Vogue" became an international hit single and topped the US charts. The single is credited as helping to bring house music to the US mainstream. | who sang the hit single "vogue"? | {'text': 'Madonna', 'answer_start': 108} |
112,599 | 112,257 | 5731c137e99e3014001e624b | generic | By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and was ready to move deeper into China. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The Nationalist and Communist Chinese suspended their civil war to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support ... | What was the capital of China? | {'text': 'Nanking', 'answer_start': 628} |
55,106 | 54,764 | 5a6227aaf8d794001af1be97 | generic | Shell was vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It has minor renewable energy activities in the form of biofuels and wind. It has operations in over 90 count... | How many service stations does Shell have in the US? | {'text': '44,000', 'answer_start': 396} |
76,534 | 76,192 | 5a8c753efd22b3001a8d8823 | generic | There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour... | What did the Roman soldiers do to celebrate their victory? | {'text': '"beating their breasts"', 'answer_start': 563} |
110,904 | 110,562 | 572fb2d4b2c2fd140056836f | generic | Matte solder is usually fused to provide a better bonding surface or stripped to bare copper. Treatments, such as benzimidazolethiol, prevent surface oxidation of bare copper. The places to which components will be mounted are typically plated, because untreated bare copper oxidizes quickly, and therefore is not readil... | What's the process by which bare copper gets covered in solder? | {'text': 'hot air solder levelling', 'answer_start': 394} |
115,520 | 115,178 | 5a65bfbec2b11c001a425d32 | generic | Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penic... | Why do physicians use antibiotics on mice when the relationship has been proven? | {'text': 'weighed against the beneficial effects', 'answer_start': 1541} |
109,575 | 109,233 | 5acd149907355d001abf33ba | generic | The pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain evoked by the ... | What is evoked by the faster C deltas? | {'text': 'Pain', 'answer_start': 301} |
81,244 | 80,902 | 5727e856ff5b5019007d981e | generic | By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became the main... | Prior to the 11th century, what was Anglo-Saxon England's capital? | {'text': 'Winchester', 'answer_start': 208} |
85,382 | 85,040 | 572820842ca10214002d9e7d | generic | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | How does the ECB plan to increase the available credit for businesses? | {'text': 'Outright Monetary Transactions', 'answer_start': 359} |
128,177 | 127,835 | 5733c0e6d058e614000b61db | generic | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed ... | There were protested as a part of the construction at Eddy Street Commons, they came due tot he hiring of whom? | {'text': 'non-union workers', 'answer_start': 367} |
26,399 | 26,057 | 56f9872e9e9bad19000a0a3c | generic | After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province toda... | When was the high tide of the Cultural Revolution? | {'text': '1966–69', 'answer_start': 464} |
105,947 | 105,605 | 572ec4e8dfa6aa1500f8d375 | generic | In 121 BC, Han forces expelled the Xiongnu from a vast territory spanning the Hexi Corridor to Lop Nur. They repelled a joint Xiongnu-Qiang invasion of this northwestern territory in 111 BC. In that year, the Han court established four new frontier commanderies in this region: Jiuquan, Zhangyi, Dunhuang, and Wuwei. The... | In what year did Han forces stop a joint Xiongnu-Qiang invasion? | {'text': '111 BC', 'answer_start': 183} |
81,974 | 81,632 | 5728c9a54b864d1900164e2a | generic | The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in... | What is the estimated number of slaves that were transported each year? | {'text': '6,000 to 7,000 slaves', 'answer_start': 486} |
112,726 | 112,384 | 57321329e17f3d140042266c | generic | In mainland China, the Japanese 3rd, 6th, and 40th Divisions massed at Yueyang and advanced southward in three columns and crossed the Xinqiang River, and tried again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha. In January 1942, Chinese forces got a victory at Changsha which was the first Allied success against Japan.
A... | How many Chinese civilians were estimated to have died during the Japanese Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign? | {'text': '250,000', 'answer_start': 951} |
126,944 | 126,602 | 5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a60 | generic | In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Police, was founded in 1868. Initially the Dominion Police p... | When did Canada get its first police? | {'text': '1729', 'answer_start': 62} |
52,603 | 52,261 | 5725e46dec44d21400f3d716 | generic | The palace measures 108 metres (354 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft), is 24 metres (79 ft) high and contains over 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft) of floorspace. The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, or the Forbidden City. There are 77... | How many bathrooms are there? | {'text': '78', 'answer_start': 414} |
120,993 | 120,651 | 573147d7e6313a140071cdb2 | generic | The New Kingdom c. 1550–1070 BC began with the Eighteenth Dynasty, marking the rise of Egypt as an international power that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire as far south as Tombos in Nubia, and included parts of the Levant in the east. This period is noted for some of the most well known Pharaohs, in... | What year were the New Kingdom in control? | {'text': '1550–1070 BC', 'answer_start': 19} |
75,629 | 75,287 | 5727a9b94b864d19001639de | generic | North Carolina is also home to many well-known private colleges and universities, including Duke University, Wake Forest University, Pfeiffer University, Lees-McRae College, Davidson College, Barton College, North Carolina Wesleyan College, Elon University, Guilford College, Livingstone College, Salem College, Shaw Uni... | What is the name of the only Catholic college in the Carolinas? | {'text': 'Belmont Abbey College', 'answer_start': 454} |
99,785 | 99,443 | 5a7c68b6e8bc7e001a9e1d9b | generic | Subjective idealists like George Berkeley are anti-realists in terms of a mind-independent world, whereas transcendental idealists like Immanuel Kant are strong skeptics of such a world, affirming epistemological and not metaphysical idealism. Thus Kant defines idealism as "the assertion that we can never be certain wh... | What did Kant say reality needed to admit? | {'text': 'strict proof', 'answer_start': 478} |
103,177 | 102,835 | 5731cf3d0fdd8d15006c6565 | generic | A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated... | When was Citizen Kane released? | {'text': '1941', 'answer_start': 93} |
78,623 | 78,281 | 5727bf0c3acd2414000deb4f | generic | A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a c... | What group hosts the a capella competition "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"? | {'text': 'Maize Mirchi', 'answer_start': 529} |
48,770 | 48,428 | 5acfa37777cf76001a6856a1 | generic | Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia. Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his fa... | What became a cause for the celebration of the Umayyads in later histories? | {'text': 'The destruction of the Kaaba and Grand Mosque', 'answer_start': 715} |
40,806 | 40,464 | 570d4501b3d812140066d609 | generic | The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w... | When were interceptors like the F-102 Delta Dagger first built? | {'text': 'after the end of World War II', 'answer_start': 353} |
12,342 | 12,000 | 56de71ee4396321400ee2913 | generic | Another example of the persecution of heretics under Protestant rule was the execution of the Boston martyrs in 1659, 1660, and 1661. These executions resulted from the actions of the Anglican Puritans, who at that time wielded political as well as ecclesiastic control in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. At the time, the ... | What goal is cited as the reason these killings took place? | {'text': 'purer absolute theocracy', 'answer_start': 388} |
52,487 | 52,145 | 5725c35889a1e219009abe12 | generic | Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the s... | Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 17th century? | {'text': 'Sir Hugh Audley', 'answer_start': 737} |
55,168 | 54,826 | 5a624339f8d794001af1bee8 | generic | The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes. ... | When did Shell acknowledge responsibility for the environmental issues? | {'text': '2013', 'answer_start': 571} |
65,155 | 64,813 | 5ad0f47b645df0001a2d08a1 | generic | The distinctive characteristic of French cathedrals, and those in Germany and Belgium that were strongly influenced by them, is their height and their impression of verticality. Each French cathedral tends to be stylistically unified in appearance when compared with an English cathedral where there is great diversity i... | How many wormholes are typically found on the west front of French cathedrals? | {'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 479} |
119,614 | 119,272 | 5a14aafca54d420018529309 | generic | When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United S... | What was Germany, Italy and Japan and France recognized as by the UN in 1942? | {'text': 'the Allied "Big Four"', 'answer_start': 530} |
25,522 | 25,180 | 56f8e4159e9bad19000a06a4 | generic | Throughout the 20th century, most Bissau-Guineans practiced some form of Animism. In the early 21st century, many have adopted Islam, which is now practiced by 50% of the country's population. Most of Guinea-Bissau's Muslims are of the Sunni denomination with approximately 2% belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect. | What percentage of the population now practices Islam? | {'text': '50%', 'answer_start': 160} |
38,565 | 38,223 | 5a61296be9e1cc001a33cfc1 | generic | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentu... | What overcomes internal force? | {'text': 'muscle force', 'answer_start': 178} |
11,485 | 11,143 | 5a832794e60761001a2eb45b | generic | According to figures from Britain's Radio Manufacturers Association, 18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, when production was halted by the war. | How many television sets had been manufactured by 1939? | {'text': '18,999', 'answer_start': 69} |
26,737 | 26,395 | 56f97d559e9bad19000a09a9 | generic | Dannatt criticised a remnant "Cold War mentality", with military expenditures based on retaining a capability against a direct conventional strategic threat; He said currently only 10% of the MoD's equipment programme budget between 2003 and 2018 was to be invested in the "land environment"—at a time when Britain was e... | Where was Britain involved in a land war when some thought that land wars were basically a thing of the past? | {'text': 'Afghanistan and Iraq', 'answer_start': 349} |
38,000 | 37,658 | 5a8caa9ffd22b3001a8d8cfa | generic | The existence of a "global carrying capacity", limiting the amount of life that can live at once, is debated, as is the question of whether such a limit would also cap the number of species. While records of life in the sea shows a logistic pattern of growth, life on land (insects, plants and tetrapods)shows an exponen... | What type of animal shows an exponential pattern of growth? | {'text': 'life on land', 'answer_start': 260} |
119,771 | 119,429 | 57311ee005b4da19006bcdb9 | generic | The skeleton consists of very lightweight bones. They have large air-filled cavities (called pneumatic cavities) which connect with the respiratory system. The skull bones in adults are fused and do not show cranial sutures. The orbits are large and separated by a bony septum. The spine has cervical, thoracic, lumbar a... | What does the skeleton consist of? | {'text': 'very lightweight bones', 'answer_start': 25} |
6,645 | 6,303 | 56d382b159d6e414001465c9 | generic | Changes this season include only airing one episode a week during the final ten. Coca Cola ended their longtime sponsorship of the show and Ford Motor Company maintained a reduced role. The winner of the season also received a recording contract with Big Machine Records. | How many episodes did American Idol have each week of the top ten? | {'text': 'one', 'answer_start': 40} |
28,865 | 28,523 | 5706b0e42eaba6190074ac45 | generic | About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the Afri... | What percent of Israel's population is black? | {'text': 'just over 2%', 'answer_start': 73} |
125,937 | 125,595 | 57334d274776f4190066081e | generic | Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve... | What European age did Portugal spearhead? | {'text': 'the Age of Discovery', 'answer_start': 59} |
48,302 | 47,960 | 571ab82810f8ca1400305319 | generic | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | How much was the settlement GlaxoSmithKline agree to? | {'text': '$3 billion', 'answer_start': 83} |
38,258 | 37,916 | 5a6524c6c2b11c001a425c85 | generic | Older operating systems such as TOPS-10, along with CP/M, tracked file length only in units of disk blocks and used Control-Z (SUB) to mark the end of the actual text in the file. For this reason, EOF, or end-of-file, was used colloquially and conventionally as a three-letter acronym for Control-Z instead of SUBstitute... | What else does the end-of text code use to track file length? | {'text': 'Control-C', 'answer_start': 364} |
64,077 | 63,735 | 5ad3e3e4604f3c001a3ff568 | generic | Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis. Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall, Phelps Hall, St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member F... | What is the smallest residential college? | {'text': 'Silliman College', 'answer_start': 514} |
33,536 | 33,194 | 570a3bf74103511400d595dd | generic | Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect ... | The acidity of what ingredient acts as a preservative in beer? | {'text': 'hops', 'answer_start': 515} |
18,449 | 18,107 | 5acd328807355d001abf38e8 | generic | When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingu... | What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia? | {'text': 'pressure of bilingualism', 'answer_start': 301} |
89,106 | 88,764 | 5a85ef2cb4e223001a8e7307 | generic | The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Austr... | What was the British 16th Air Assault Brigade later called? | {'text': 'Royal Marines', 'answer_start': 58} |
93,607 | 93,265 | 57296ab01d046914007793ea | generic | In the past, small batches of amorphous metals with high surface area configurations (ribbons, wires, films, etc.) have been produced through the implementation of extremely rapid rates of cooling. This was initially termed "splat cooling" by doctoral student W. Klement at Caltech, who showed that cooling rates on the ... | What type of metal makes better alloys than traditional steel? | {'text': 'amorphous steel', 'answer_start': 791} |
72,847 | 72,505 | 572709795951b619008f8511 | generic | Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections progress to active diseas... | Along with cough, weight loss, and night sweats, what's the fourth classic symptom of the disease? | {'text': 'fever', 'answer_start': 468} |
90,397 | 90,055 | 5ad265b1d7d075001a4291bf | generic | Knowledge, for Popper, was objective, both in the sense that it is objectively true (or truthlike), and also in the sense that knowledge has an ontological status (i.e., knowledge as object) independent of the knowing subject (Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach, 1972). He proposed three worlds: World One, be... | What constituted World Four in Popper's theory? | {'text': 'the physical world', 'answer_start': 324} |
42,460 | 42,118 | 570da71c16d0071400510c57 | generic | Research since reveals self-examination beginning early in adolescence, but identity achievement rarely occurring before age 18. The freshman year of college influences identity development significantly, but may actually prolong psychosocial moratorium by encouraging reexamination of previous commitments and further e... | Evidence has supported which theorist's idea concerning stages of development? | {'text': 'Erikson', 'answer_start': 432} |
86,444 | 86,102 | 5acfb20277cf76001a685913 | generic | Royal assent is the method by which a country's constitutional monarch (possibly through a delegated official) formally approves an act of that nation's parliament, thus making it a law or letting it be promulgated as law. In the vast majority of contemporary monarchies, this act is considered to be little more than a ... | What act is not considered to be little more than a formality? | {'text': 'Royal assent', 'answer_start': 0} |
27,952 | 27,610 | 56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bb | generic | As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,... | Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place? | {'text': 'the Balkans', 'answer_start': 258} |
59,676 | 59,334 | 5acfd3e077cf76001a68622a | generic | In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part... | What did the Presbyterian Church of England unite with in 1971? | {'text': 'Congregational Church in England and Wales', 'answer_start': 68} |
2,717 | 2,375 | 56cda64a62d2951400fa67be | generic | A CD containing 20 musical selections from the game was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States; it is included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia.[citation needed] | What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the game prior to release? | {'text': 'GameStop', 'answer_start': 71} |
2,079 | 1,737 | 56ce5125aab44d1400b886ad | generic | When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanen... | Who helped the Tibetan? | {'text': 'the Kangxi Emperor', 'answer_start': 99} |
93,501 | 93,159 | 5a66f904f038b7001ab0c13a | generic | Glass is in widespread use largely due to the production of glass compositions that are transparent to visible light. In contrast, polycrystalline materials do not generally transmit visible light. The individual crystallites may be transparent, but their facets (grain boundaries) reflect or scatter light resulting in ... | What does glass lack, allowing it to be polycrystalline? | {'text': 'internal subdivisions', 'answer_start': 367} |
58,066 | 57,724 | 5728840f4b864d1900164a68 | generic | Franklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, reorganizing it into a true university, whereas before, its organization had remnants of the Academy days. At the beginning of his tenure, t... | How many new LDS Church wards were added during Wilkinson's presidency? | {'text': 'over 100', 'answer_start': 1563} |
33,719 | 33,377 | 5acd76e807355d001abf4374 | generic | The word ale comes from Old English ealu (plural ealoþ), in turn from Proto-Germanic *alu (plural *aluþ), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base *h₂elut-, which holds connotations of "sorcery, magic, possession, intoxication". The word beer comes from Old English bēor, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą, probably from Pr... | What does the 12th-Century Old Germanic poem Alvissmal say? | {'text': '"Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."', 'answer_start': 641} |
24,442 | 24,100 | 56f831eba6d7ea1400e1747b | generic | Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch egzekucji praw—movement for execution of the laws—which demande... | What terms were these gifts given? | {'text': 'temporary leases', 'answer_start': 118} |
2,482 | 2,140 | 56cd8e2362d2951400fa66fd | generic | The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foo... | What does Link fight in dungeons? | {'text': 'enemies', 'answer_start': 74} |
92,374 | 92,032 | 57293f201d046914007791eb | generic | Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper." This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger." Bush (just as his... | What phrase did Kerry use to try to express that he was more concerned for America? | {'text': '"Stronger at home, respected in the world."', 'answer_start': 500} |
41,949 | 41,607 | 5aceb52432bba1001ae4b0f5 | generic | As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of ... | How many women soldiers were there in the entire U.S. Army at the end of 2016? | {'text': '1,015,000', 'answer_start': 657} |
126,092 | 125,750 | 573402d3d058e614000b67a1 | generic | Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produc... | Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based? | {'text': 'small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units', 'answer_start': 36} |
1,759 | 1,417 | 56d3a32259d6e4140014684f | generic | Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' ... | Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing? | {'text': 'Friederike Müller', 'answer_start': 0} |
75,520 | 75,178 | 572783b05951b619008f8bf0 | generic | As early as 1650, settlers from the Virginia colony moved into the area of Albemarle Sound. By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; it generally established North Carolina's borders. He named it Carolina in honor of his father Charles I. By 1665, a se... | What year did King Charles II grant a charter to North America? | {'text': '1663', 'answer_start': 95} |
20,806 | 20,464 | 56e797ef00c9c71400d77333 | generic | Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched. Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL. He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz, where he returned to his concept of arena football. In 1983, he began organizing the test game ... | What football league began in 1982? | {'text': 'the United States Football League', 'answer_start': 53} |
121,392 | 121,050 | 57317a46497a881900248f5f | generic | The Crusaders in the Holy Land also adopted mosaic decoration under local Byzantine influence. During their 12th-century reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem they complemented the existing Byzantine mosaics with new ones. Almost nothing of them survived except the "Ascension of Christ" in the... | What nation influenced the Crusaders mosaic styles? | {'text': 'Byzantine', 'answer_start': 74} |
62,823 | 62,481 | 57267c225951b619008f7451 | generic | There is a close connection between machine learning and compression: a system that predicts the posterior probabilities of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using arithmetic coding on the output distribution) while an optimal compressor can be used for prediction (by find... | What is Machine learning closely related to? | {'text': 'compression', 'answer_start': 57} |
75,452 | 75,110 | 57276f4e708984140094dd7a | generic | Before A.D. 200, residents were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by A.D. 1000 in the Piedmont, continued to build or add onto such mounds. In the 500–700 years preceding European contact... | Pamlico and Cape fear indians are examples of what? | {'text': 'Algonquian-speaking tribes', 'answer_start': 510} |
21,566 | 21,224 | 56e9634c99e8941900975f82 | generic | The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory kindergarten, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school where the pupils are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary pupils may attend additional sc... | What seperates the children in secondary school? | {'text': 'ability and aptitude', 'answer_start': 237} |
96,731 | 96,389 | 572a41783f37b31900478835 | generic | Though the sultan was the supreme monarch, the sultan's political and executive authority was delegated. The politics of the state had a number of advisors and ministers gathered around a council known as Divan (after the 17th century it was renamed the "Porte"). The Divan, in the years when the Ottoman state was still... | A Grand Vizar began to be appointed in what year? | {'text': '1320', 'answer_start': 523} |
24,917 | 24,575 | 56f8afb99e9bad19000a0314 | generic | The largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes are the alpine ibex, which have been sighted as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft). The ibex live in caves and descend to eat the succulent alpine grasses. Classified as antelopes, chamois are smaller than ibex and found throughout the Alps, living above the tree line and are... | How high have the Alpine Ibex been sighted? | {'text': 'as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft)', 'answer_start': 97} |
52,853 | 52,511 | 5ad1864c645df0001a2d1e90 | generic | Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%. The remaining energy is converted into heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb is 1... | What does not happen to the energy that an incandescent bulb does not covert into light? | {'text': 'The remaining energy is converted into heat.', 'answer_start': 218} |
102,547 | 102,205 | 572e87d3c246551400ce42e5 | generic | On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded... | Who lead the coup d'etat attempt? | {'text': 'Dimitrios Ioannides', 'answer_start': 48} |
49,840 | 49,498 | 5724f1d20ba9f01400d97bdd | generic | After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities ... | What happened to the British possesions after the Rebellion of 1857? | {'text': 'were formally incorporated into the British Empire', 'answer_start': 185} |
19,816 | 19,474 | 56e788ab37bdd419002c40d4 | generic | Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish. For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules i... | For how long has the National Archives prohibited flash photography? | {'text': 'over 30 years', 'answer_start': 181} |
46,163 | 45,821 | 571112eab654c5140001faf0 | generic | At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial "NES". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York... | What was the name of the convention where Nintendo unveiled its American version of the Famicom? | {'text': 'Consumer Electronics Show', 'answer_start': 15} |
70,480 | 70,138 | 5ad41116604f3c001a4001e6 | generic | After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equ... | Who began to experiment with seaplane flights in 1933? | {'text': 'Luft Hansa', 'answer_start': 498} |
115,654 | 115,312 | 5733cd2bd058e614000b62b4 | generic | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | What report caused the UK to worry about resistance? | {'text': 'Swann report 1969', 'answer_start': 97} |
27,696 | 27,354 | 56fad7698f12f319006301e6 | generic | Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and mora... | What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female? | {'text': '40', 'answer_start': 769} |
103,892 | 103,550 | 572e8e0fcb0c0d14000f1293 | generic | Disadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability to power interruptions. Different region... | Why overhead wires are not being widely used? | {'text': 'considered unsightly.', 'answer_start': 689} |
16,241 | 15,899 | 56e0f1b27aa994140058e7e5 | generic | The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA... | Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization? | {'text': 'US Air Force', 'answer_start': 4} |
10,395 | 10,053 | 56df96e138dc421700152092 | generic | In order to specifically measure the amount of light entering the eye, personal circadian light meter called the Daysimeter has been developed. This is the first device created to accurately measure and characterize light (intensity, spectrum, timing, and duration) entering the eye that affects the human body's clock. | A Daysimeter what type of personal meter? | {'text': 'circadian light meter', 'answer_start': 80} |
19,097 | 18,755 | 56e6d988de9d371400068085 | generic | The consolidation of the "hot AC" format contrasted with the near-demise of most other AC formats: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats. Diminishing physical record sales also proved a ... | Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to? | {'text': 'urban', 'answer_start': 241} |
4,757 | 4,415 | 56cf593eaab44d1400b890c0 | generic | In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 200... | Which president of the US awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? | {'text': 'George W. Bush', 'answer_start': 335} |
127,978 | 127,636 | 5733849bd058e614000b5c5a | generic | In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began t... | Which structure was the first used for the purposes of the college? | {'text': "Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel", 'answer_start': 336} |
94,270 | 93,928 | 5a3e7371378766001a0025c7 | generic | Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, abo... | What city is surrounded by valleys? | {'text': 'Palermo', 'answer_start': 0} |
37,148 | 36,806 | 570b5532ec8fbc190045b994 | generic | After the costly U.S. involvement in World War I, isolationism grew within the nation. Congress refused membership in the League of Nations, and in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia, the gradually more restrictive Neutrality Acts were passed, which were intended to prevent the U.S. from supporting eith... | What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Britain? | {'text': 'the Lend-Lease Act', 'answer_start': 425} |
121,008 | 120,666 | 573154ae05b4da19006bd04b | generic | The last ruler from the Ptolemaic line was Cleopatra VII, who committed suicide following the burial of her lover Mark Antony who had died in her arms (from a self-inflicted stab wound), after Octavian had captured Alexandria and her mercenary forces had fled. The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians often ca... | What culture annexed Egypt? | {'text': 'Rome', 'answer_start': 452} |
46,240 | 45,898 | 571118caa58dae1900cd6c16 | generic | In Europe and Australia, the system was released to two separate marketing regions. One region consisted of most of mainland Europe (excluding Italy), and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies, with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases. Most of this region saw a 1986 release. Mat... | Who released cartridges in mainland Europe? | {'text': 'Nintendo', 'answer_start': 227} |
87,895 | 87,553 | 572827732ca10214002d9f5f | generic | Whilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland. Tensions between t... | What countries did the federalist model fail in? | {'text': 'Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia', 'answer_start': 620} |
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