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16,984 | 16,642 | 56e10f57cd28a01900c674ff | generic | In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their sep... | In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society? | {'text': 'the Church of England', 'answer_start': 3} |
20,611 | 20,269 | 56e7a01d37bdd419002c4286 | generic | At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary. | who is the executive leader of Nanjing, working under the secretary? | {'text': 'the mayor', 'answer_start': 231} |
125,501 | 125,159 | 57329eb1cc179a14009dab72 | generic | While the housing and credit bubbles were building, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U.S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activ... | What institutions comprise the shadow banking system? | {'text': 'investment banks and hedge funds', 'answer_start': 567} |
105,881 | 105,539 | 572ed7a0c246551400ce4718 | generic | The above explanation is merely a simple introduction to vacuum pumping, and is not representative of the entire range of pumps in use. Many variations of the positive displacement pump have been developed, and many other pump designs rely on fundamentally different principles. Momentum transfer pumps, which bear some ... | What pump has a higher quality vacuum than a positive displacement pump? | {'text': 'Momentum transfer pumps', 'answer_start': 279} |
77 | 77 | 138461 | pubqa | An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in and around Clitheroe, Lancashire, in northwest England, during March 2000. Fifty-eight cases of diarrhea with Cryptosporidium identified in stool specimens were reported. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in samples from the water treatment works as well as domestic ta... | How many cases were there? | {'answer_id': 263753, 'document_id': 394241, 'question_id': 138461, 'text': 'Fifty-eight cases', 'answer_start': 6469, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
23,930 | 23,588 | 56f83b11a6d7ea1400e174e3 | generic | However, the NSA's report was completely disproved by Croatian experts. The report failed to recognize that Tito was a native speaker of the very distinctive local Kajkavian dialect of Zagorje. The acute accent, present only in Croatian dialects, which Tito is perfectly pronouncing, is the strongest proof of Tito's bel... | Croatian experts disproved the report from which group concerning Tito's ethnic origins? | {'text': 'NSA', 'answer_start': 13} |
19,282 | 18,940 | 56e74b9f37bdd419002c3e2b | generic | The war's end swung the pendulum back. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war. Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter... | After what year was daylight savings repealed in the U.S.? | {'text': '1919', 'answer_start': 384} |
129,028 | 128,686 | 573425a6d058e614000b6a01 | generic | Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the free... | What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786? | {'text': 'Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom', 'answer_start': 98} |
15,524 | 15,182 | 56e064667aa994140058e441 | generic | In 1989, Prince Andrew launched the replacement RMS St Helena to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the Cardiff–Cape Town route and features a mixed cargo/passenger layout. | What year was the replacement for the RMS St Helena launched? | {'text': '1989', 'answer_start': 3} |
86,740 | 86,398 | 5acfc84877cf76001a685f3b | generic | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | The sovereign has 25 days to give his or her assent according to what article? | {'text': '91', 'answer_start': 292} |
124,194 | 123,852 | 5a53d803bdaabd001a386778 | generic | Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet U... | When did Russia become independent from the USSR? | {'text': 'In 1991', 'answer_start': 409} |
88,861 | 88,519 | 5a85aa4bb4e223001a8e7173 | generic | The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Repu... | What war did al-Qaeda start in 1979? | {'text': 'the Soviet war in Afghanistan', 'answer_start': 41} |
30,523 | 30,181 | 5706aab252bb891400689b3c | generic | Juan Atkins, an originator of Detroit techno music, claims the term "house" reflected the exclusive association of particular tracks with particular clubs and DJs; those records helped differentiate the clubs and DJs, and thus were considered to be their "house" records. In an effort to maintain such exclusives, the DJ... | Why were DJs inspired to create their own house records? | {'text': 'differentiate the clubs and DJs', 'answer_start': 185} |
121,101 | 120,759 | 57317b4d05b4da19006bd1e4 | generic | The United States provides Egypt with annual military assistance, which in 2015 amounted to US$1.3 billion. In 1989, Egypt was designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the July 2013 military coup that deposed Islamist president Mo... | How much military assistance di US give Egypt in 2015? | {'text': 'US$1.3 billion', 'answer_start': 92} |
58,596 | 58,254 | 5726731d708984140094c684 | generic | Panama's first department stores such as Bazaar Francés, La Dalia and La Villa de Paris started as textile retailers at the turn of the nineteenth century. Later on in the twentieth century these eventually gave way to stores such as Felix B. Maduro, Sarah Panamá, Figali, Danté, Sears, Gran Morrison and smaller ones su... | What store has managed to survive despite much it's competition going under? | {'text': 'Cocos', 'answer_start': 538} |
41,832 | 41,490 | 570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a6 | generic | Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, ... | Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located? | {'text': 'Fort Polk, Louisiana', 'answer_start': 298} |
126,730 | 126,388 | 5a4eb85eaf0d07001ae8cbf2 | generic | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australi... | What were still grouped together by the end of the Mesozoic? | {'text': 'continents', 'answer_start': 166} |
8,007 | 7,665 | 56dc6a5c14d3a41400c26881 | generic | In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what de... | What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake? | {'text': 'neighbourhood', 'answer_start': 55} |
87,388 | 87,046 | 5a501ab599b975001ade80c8 | generic | Exercise can trigger bronchoconstriction both in people with or without asthma. It occurs in most people with asthma and up to 20% of people without asthma. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in professional athletes. The highest rates are among cyclists (up to 45%), swimmers, and cross-country skiers. Whil... | What percentage of people use inhaled beta2 agonists? | {'text': 'up to 20%', 'answer_start': 121} |
5,951 | 5,609 | 56d2641d59d6e41400145f54 | generic | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | Gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what? | {'text': 'person', 'answer_start': 413} |
126,523 | 126,181 | 5732889806a3a419008acae1 | generic | In his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics "humanist anti-humanists". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of their own. Others, ... | In what year was the book humanism published? | {'text': '1997', 'answer_start': 23} |
43,925 | 43,583 | 5ad115f9645df0001a2d0cf9 | generic | Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner), in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs, to improve the appearance of dentures, and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes. Uranium salts are mordants of silk or wool. Uranyl acetate and uranyl formate are used a... | Along with leather, what industry uses no uranium in dyes and stains? | {'text': 'wool.', 'answer_start': 270} |
36,159 | 35,817 | 570ae2e74103511400d59ac0 | generic | The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large... | What was the general rainfall in the Triassic? | {'text': 'dry', 'answer_start': 27} |
5,415 | 5,073 | 56cf83a7234ae51400d9bde4 | generic | The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of ... | What songs did Kanye dedicate to his late mother as his performance at The O2 in London? | {'text': '"Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey\'s "Don\'t Stop Believin\'"', 'answer_start': 204} |
117,248 | 116,906 | 5a429fb54a4859001aac7247 | generic | The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 199... | What company developed the Super Comboy in Brazil in 1990? | {'text': 'Playtronic', 'answer_start': 855} |
124,450 | 124,108 | 57324509e17f3d14004227aa | generic | The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, ... | Starting in September 2014, who was responsible for making appointments in the Church? | {'text': 'traveling overseers', 'answer_start': 255} |
73,698 | 73,356 | 5a8c9999fd22b3001a8d8bbc | generic | Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious. Some ties took as many as six matches to settle; in their 1975 campaign, Fulham played a total of 12 games over six rounds, which remains the most games played by a team to reach a final. Replays were traditionally played three or four days ... | How much did clubs replay each other after the 1990s? | {'text': 'until one team was victorious', 'answer_start': 48} |
84,555 | 84,213 | 57284349ff5b5019007da043 | generic | Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of states of those co... | What did Nasser symbolize? | {'text': 'the popular Arab will', 'answer_start': 71} |
65,441 | 65,099 | 5acfcebc77cf76001a686104 | generic | The Cubism of Picasso, Braque and Gris had more than a technical or formal significance, and the distinct attitudes and intentions of the Salon Cubists produced different kinds of Cubism, rather than a derivative of their work. "It is by no means clear, in any case," wrote Christopher Green, "to what extent these other... | Whom did Braque and Picasso not aim their works at? | {'text': 'large public', 'answer_start': 862} |
70,792 | 70,450 | 5726e30ddd62a815002e93fc | generic | Everything in between the far south and the far north is savannah (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees). Rainfall is more limited, to between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in) per year. The savannah zone's three categories are Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, an... | Which desert is encroaching into northeastern Nigeria? | {'text': 'Sahara', 'answer_start': 642} |
101,834 | 101,492 | 5a8dd80bdf8bba001a0f9c8a | generic | He also developed Feynman diagrams, a bookkeeping device that helps in conceptualizing and calculating interactions between particles in spacetime, including the interactions between electrons and their antimatter counterparts, positrons. This device allowed him, and later others, to approach time reversibility and oth... | What did Feynman diagrams allow nobody to do? | {'text': 'approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes', 'answer_start': 285} |
8,567 | 8,225 | 5acfa4e977cf76001a6856db | generic | When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example,... | Who exiled the monarch? | {'text': 'Clarendon', 'answer_start': 115} |
67,444 | 67,102 | 5ad16800645df0001a2d1a04 | generic | Doubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process, with at least one of the winding sets electronically controlled for variable speed operation. Two independent multiphase winding sets (i.e., dual armature) are the max... | What is one of the dependent multiphase winding sets configured for? | {'text': 'variable speed operation', 'answer_start': 221} |
127,309 | 126,967 | 5a69a8665ce1a5001a969664 | generic | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish between opposition? | {'text': 'politicides', 'answer_start': 612} |
42,929 | 42,587 | 5ad2415cd7d075001a42895f | generic | Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World O... | What ocean does Antarctica surround? | {'text': 'Southern Ocean', 'answer_start': 157} |
235 | 235 | 138423 | pubqa | Campylobacter sp. (2/56), norovirus GI and GII (11/56), rotavirus (1/56) and Giardia lamblia (3/56) were detected in stool samples. On 6 December 2010 there was a fire in a textile factory in the centre of Hemiksem, Belgium. Fireghters used water from two hydrants, connected to the tap water network, and from a unit hy... | How many people died?
| {'answer_id': 273628, 'document_id': 445514, 'question_id': 138423, 'text': 'One patient', 'answer_start': 6918, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
12,219 | 11,877 | 56de6fdecffd8e1900b4b8c3 | generic | The term is usually used to refer to violations of important religious teachings, but is used also of views strongly opposed to any generally accepted ideas. It is used in particular in reference to Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism. | What religions and idea of thought is heresy cited as being used frequently in? | {'text': 'Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism', 'answer_start': 199} |
96,573 | 96,231 | 572a13e2af94a219006aa7a7 | generic | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What was the capital of the Ottoman empire? | {'text': 'Constantinople', 'answer_start': 5} |
83,524 | 83,182 | 5727cfa22ca10214002d9719 | generic | The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, mule deer, antelope, coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the natio... | What part of Oklahoma is Cross Timbers in? | {'text': 'Central', 'answer_start': 474} |
106,288 | 105,946 | 572ea5f5dfa6aa1500f8d24b | generic | The Quran describes Muhammad as "ummi", which is traditionally interpreted as "illiterate," but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as Al-Tabari maintained that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the inexperience or ignorance of the previo... | What term does the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture? | {'text': 'ummi', 'answer_start': 33} |
42,078 | 41,736 | 570d2fe9fed7b91900d45cd9 | generic | The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design. The rifle had a range of only 600 m (2,000 ft) and lacked the rubber breech seal that permitted aimed shots. The deficiencies of the needle gun were more than compensate... | In which battle did the Dreyse needle gun gain its fame? | {'text': 'Battle of Königgrätz', 'answer_start': 58} |
93,789 | 93,447 | 57292b05af94a219006aa14f | generic | The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it. It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887. Another particularly thor... | What did Einstein with the 1921 Nobel Prize for? | {'text': 'his work on the photo-electric effect', 'answer_start': 624} |
36,258 | 35,916 | 570afc276b8089140040f683 | generic | A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co... | How does video-conferencing allow multiple parties to communicate with each other? | {'text': 'web-based applications', 'answer_start': 604} |
26,614 | 26,272 | 5acfc68477cf76001a685ea1 | generic | Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of H... | What neighbours south Jiangsu to the west? | {'text': 'Zhejiang', 'answer_start': 162} |
97,829 | 97,487 | 5ace41ec32bba1001ae4a0cd | generic | Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi consi... | What term refers to non-Islamic law? | {'text': 'fiqh', 'answer_start': 45} |
79,767 | 79,425 | 5a5d72bf5e8782001a9d5f25 | generic | The Cork Suburban Rail system also departs from Kent Station and provides connections to parts of Metropolitan Cork. Stations include Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh. In July 2009 the Glounthaune to Midleton line was reopened, with new stations at Carrigtwohill and Midleton (with future stations planned ... | What rail system has connections arriving in Kent? | {'text': 'Cork Suburban Rail system', 'answer_start': 4} |
93,070 | 92,728 | 5a7b8d4d21c2de001afea15a | generic | Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software deve... | Instead of reducing traditional QA focuses, unit testing does what to it? | {'text': 'augments', 'answer_start': 386} |
116,682 | 116,340 | 5730846a069b531400832147 | generic | One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria,... | What is one of the first known instances of translation in the West? | {'text': 'rendering of the Old Testament into Greek', 'answer_start': 71} |
117,512 | 117,170 | 5730a9732461fd1900a9cf67 | generic | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture... | Who was the chief god of Eridu? | {'text': 'Enki', 'answer_start': 796} |
19,216 | 18,874 | 56e722d937bdd419002c3d8e | generic | The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard worki... | Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes? | {'text': 'small', 'answer_start': 462} |
108,872 | 108,530 | 572f3f8f04bcaa1900d767cf | generic | Classified as a Subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), Santa Monica enjoys an average of 310 days of sunshine a year. It is located in USDA plant hardiness zone 11a. Because of its location, nestled on the vast and open Santa Monica Bay, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May, June and early July (caused by... | What commonly occurs on the mornings in May? | {'text': 'fog', 'answer_start': 255} |
63,076 | 62,734 | 57269b9bdd62a815002e8af5 | generic | Under a front page headline "The Truth", the paper printed allegations provided to them that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims, that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a police constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a... | Who was reported to have been assaulted while trying to help a patient? | {'text': 'a police constable', 'answer_start': 251} |
1,342 | 1,000 | 56cbf5106d243a140015ee1c | generic | Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's a... | What nationality were the two friends who served as a pivotal influence in Frédéric's life while in Paris? | {'text': 'Polish', 'answer_start': 4} |
8,512 | 8,170 | 56dd1ff566d3e219004dabed | generic | Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen ... | What language is used in Congolese schools? | {'text': 'French', 'answer_start': 706} |
34,387 | 34,045 | 570a5f946d058f1900182ddc | generic | Imperial acquired Silwood Park in 1947, to provide a site for research and teaching in those aspects of biology not well suited for the main London campus. Felix, Imperial's student newspaper, was launched on 9 December 1949. On 29 January 1950, the government announced that it was intended that Imperial should expand ... | Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963? | {'text': 'Indian Institute of Technology Delhi', 'answer_start': 629} |
126,593 | 126,251 | 5a4e78a0755ab9001a10f47a | generic | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | what was layed down in deep seas during the Proterozoic period? | {'text': 'deposits', 'answer_start': 156} |
5,287 | 4,945 | 56cf78de4df3c31400b0d800 | generic | On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week. He received support from DSquared2 duo Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaïa, and the Olsen twins, who were also in attendance during his show. His debut fashion show received mixed-to-... | What kind of reviews did Kanye's fashion line spark? | {'text': 'mixed-to-negative reviews', 'answer_start': 311} |
116,748 | 116,406 | 5a4e7dae755ab9001a10f48d | generic | Airports may also contain premium and VIP services. The premium and VIP services may include express check-in and dedicated check-in counters. These services are usually reserved for First and Business class passengers, premium frequent flyers, and members of the airline's clubs. Premium services may sometimes be open ... | What do rival airlines offer to customers? | {'text': 'premium and VIP services', 'answer_start': 26} |
39,809 | 39,467 | 570e5ce90dc6ce1900204f99 | generic | Melbourne's rich and diverse literary history was recognised in 2008 when it became the second UNESCO City of Literature. The State Library of Victoria is one of Australia's oldest cultural institutions and one of many public and university libraries across the city. Melbourne also has Australia's widest range of books... | What do the novels The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap have in common? | {'text': 'set in Melbourne', 'answer_start': 637} |
2,219 | 1,877 | 56cfb3e3234ae51400d9be9d | generic | Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays. Originally KLM and Air France were reported ... | Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods? | {'text': 'United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates', 'answer_start': 44} |
9,865 | 9,523 | 56dde75466d3e219004dadc5 | generic | There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ... | When were the Roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the Roman clergy? | {'text': '8th century', 'answer_start': 664} |
87,958 | 87,616 | 572833243acd2414000df6cf | generic | Although the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, ... | When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position? | {'text': 'Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995', 'answer_start': 494} |
82,180 | 81,838 | 5a3b63a13ff257001ab8443d | generic | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the ... | Who has opposed the rule of law through several debates? | {'text': 'The Security Council', 'answer_start': 167} |
129,639 | 129,297 | 5ace562032bba1001ae4a300 | generic | Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent pa... | What has happened to Australian society to cause it to fail? | {'text': 'rapid decline', 'answer_start': 233} |
59,383 | 59,041 | 5726c029f1498d1400e8ea32 | generic | Brian May and Roger Taylor performed together at several award ceremonies and charity concerts, sharing vocals with various guest singers. During this time, they were billed as Queen + followed by the guest singer's name. In 1998, the duo appeared at Luciano Pavarotti's benefit concert with May performing "Too Much Lov... | Which two members of Queen performed together at several charity concerts? | {'text': 'Brian May and Roger Taylor', 'answer_start': 0} |
111,281 | 110,939 | 572fba31947a6a140053cbf0 | generic | Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary... | Did the Roman world consider one ethnocentric lineage to be a great concern ? | {'text': 'secondary to religious considerations', 'answer_start': 311} |
123,781 | 123,439 | 5a7b55e021c2de001afe9ef1 | generic | According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total n... | How many tons of goods were lost in transport through Greece in 2007? | {'text': '164.3 million tons', 'answer_start': 432} |
20,128 | 19,786 | 5ad3dec0604f3c001a3ff478 | generic | Although Tristan da Cunha shares the +290 code with St Helena, residents have access to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Telecommunications Network, provided by Global Crossing. This uses a London 020 numbering range, meaning that numbers are accessed via the UK telephone numbering plan. From 1998 to 2006, internet ... | Who does Tristan Da Cunha share Global Crossing codes with? | {'text': 'St Helena', 'answer_start': 52} |
47,362 | 47,020 | 571a72d84faf5e1900b8a9b2 | generic | Brain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to ... | What role does the amygdala play in memory? | {'text': 'thought to be involved in emotional memory', 'answer_start': 309} |
116,714 | 116,372 | 5a4e7415755ab9001a10f45d | generic | The majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. Busy airports have air traffic control (ATC) system. All airports use a traffic pattern to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airpor... | What is available to help air traffic control with flights? | {'text': 'lighting that help guide planes using the runways and taxiways at night or in rain, snow, or fog', 'answer_start': 366} |
105,292 | 104,950 | 573050f28ab72b1400f9c44a | generic | Improved aircraft designs were in the offing with the Bristol Beaufighter, then under development. It would prove formidable, but its development was slow. The Beaufighter had a maximum speed of 320 mph (510 km/h), an operational ceiling of 26,000 ft (7,900 m) and a climb rate of 2,500 ft (760 m) per minute. Its armame... | how many machine guns did the Beaufighter include? | {'text': 'six .303 in Browning machine guns', 'answer_start': 366} |
32,254 | 31,912 | 57096d4bed30961900e840f3 | generic | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts? | {'text': 'exploration and commitment', 'answer_start': 169} |
20,618 | 20,276 | 56e7a1d137bdd419002c4297 | generic | As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority populat... | What minority nationality is most common? | {'text': 'Hui nationalities', 'answer_start': 251} |
1,917 | 1,575 | 56cd6a3d62d2951400fa659c | generic | Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However,... | What was the name of the eunuch? | {'text': 'Yang Sanbao', 'answer_start': 68} |
1,828 | 1,486 | 56cc52186d243a140015ef03 | generic | Kublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that this conquest "marked the end of independent China," whi... | What did Khubilai claim for a while? | {'text': 'universal rule', 'answer_start': 765} |
42,533 | 42,191 | 570dcc300b85d914000d7b64 | generic | Until mid-to-late adolescence, boys and girls show relatively little difference in drinking motives. Distinctions between the reasons for alcohol consumption of males and females begin to emerge around ages 14–15; overall, boys tend to view drinking in a more social light than girls, who report on average a more freque... | Do boys or girls view drinking in a more social light? | {'text': 'boys', 'answer_start': 223} |
110,911 | 110,569 | 5ace6bfc32bba1001ae4a659 | generic | Matte solder is usually fused to provide a better bonding surface or stripped to bare copper. Treatments, such as benzimidazolethiol, prevent surface oxidation of bare copper. The places to which components will be mounted are typically plated, because untreated bare copper oxidizes quickly, and therefore is not readil... | What is now used in compliance with the RoHS directive in the EU and China? | {'text': 'new solder compounds', 'answer_start': 575} |
78,477 | 78,135 | 5727a03f3acd2414000de839 | generic | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | What is a cappella music occasionally called among those of Jewish faith? | {'text': 'sefirah music', 'answer_start': 1180} |
104,537 | 104,195 | 5ad4196e604f3c001a400460 | generic | The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-... | Bermuda is located near which South Carolina town? | {'text': 'Cape Hatteras', 'answer_start': 165} |
67,584 | 67,242 | 5726ab0ddd62a815002e8c67 | generic | Switzerland is one of the richest and wealthiest countries in the world. Switzerland ranks top or close to the top in several metrics of national performance, including government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic competitiveness, and human development. It has the highest nominal wealth (financia... | Which country has the highest nominal wealth per adult in the world according to Credit Suisse? | {'text': 'Switzerland', 'answer_start': 0} |
127,534 | 127,192 | 57336eb64776f41900660ac2 | generic | International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists explain the high standard of living on the island. St. Barthélemy is considered a playground of the rich and famous,[citation needed] especially as a winter haven, and is known for its beaches, gourmet dining and high-end designers. Most of the food ... | What is the highest propoerty value recorded in St. Barts? | {'text': '€61,200,000', 'answer_start': 582} |
104,587 | 104,245 | 5ad41acf604f3c001a4004e0 | generic | By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo... | When did Charles Town become the fifth largest colonial port? | {'text': '1770', 'answer_start': 258} |
36,976 | 36,634 | 5ad17238645df0001a2d1bf0 | generic | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish flee... | What is the name of the naval base the UK leased from a newly independent Cuba? | {'text': 'Guantánamo Bay Naval Base', 'answer_start': 971} |
45,587 | 45,245 | 57100c99a58dae1900cd6811 | generic | Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed ... | What state's court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 1984? | {'text': 'Massachusetts', 'answer_start': 82} |
49,376 | 49,034 | 571b684832177014007ea08f | generic | Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (solubl... | What is the variance in bitumen content rock asphalt? | {'text': '83% to 92%', 'answer_start': 302} |
58,067 | 57,725 | 5ace9a4432bba1001ae4ac57 | generic | Franklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, reorganizing it into a true university, whereas before, its organization had remnants of the Academy days. At the beginning of his tenure, t... | Who was appointed president in 1912? | {'text': 'Franklin S. Harris', 'answer_start': 0} |
91,922 | 91,580 | 5728f5652ca10214002dab42 | generic | Theatre traditionally has occupied a large place in Parisian culture, and many of its most popular actors today are also stars of French television. The oldest and most famous Paris theatre is the Comédie-Française, founded in 1680. Run by the French government, it performs mostly French classics at the Salle Richelieu... | When was the oldest Paris theater founded? | {'text': '1680', 'answer_start': 227} |
64,323 | 63,981 | 5ad01ec877cf76001a686aba | generic | Bohemia prospered in the 14th century, and the Golden Bull of 1356 made the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors, but the Hussite revolution threw the country into crisis. The Holy Roman Empire passed to the Habsburgs in 1438, where it remained until its dissolution in 1806. Yet in spite of the extensive t... | In what year did a Golden Bull make the king of Bohemia last among the imperial electors? | {'text': '1356', 'answer_start': 62} |
42,101 | 41,759 | 570d3e52b3d812140066d5d8 | generic | With the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army of the Rhine at Gravelotte, the French were forced to retire to Metz, where they were besieged by over 150,000 Prussian troops of the First and Second Armies. Napoleon III and MacMahon formed the new French Army of Châlons, to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine. Napoleon III pe... | Along with the Army of the Meuse, what other army did Moltke march north with? | {'text': 'the Prussian Third Army', 'answer_start': 832} |
30,105 | 29,763 | 57061edc75f01819005e79b0 | generic | The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but th... | What was the first practical implementation based on? | {'text': 'Motorola 56000 DSP chips', 'answer_start': 593} |
6,469 | 6,127 | 56d3793a59d6e414001464c2 | generic | In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara DioGuardi, was introduced. This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show So You Think You Can Dance. The Hollywood round was moved to the Kodak Theatre for 2009 and ... | How long did the Hollywood round air for in season eight of American Idol? | {'text': 'two weeks', 'answer_start': 341} |
128,644 | 128,302 | 57341184d058e614000b68dd | generic | In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has vote... | How often does Montana voted for a Democratic president? | {'text': '40 percent', 'answer_start': 396} |
97,579 | 97,237 | 5a0dfd6ed7c85000188644b5 | generic | Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a char... | What means there is an increase in structural damage or absorption inhibition? | {'text': 'Secretory diarrhea', 'answer_start': 0} |
88,236 | 87,894 | 572825042ca10214002d9eed | generic | Earthworms are Oligochaetes that support terrestrial food chains both as prey and in some regions are important in aeration and enriching of soil. The burrowing of marine polychaetes, which may constitute up to a third of all species in near-shore environments, encourages the development of ecosystems by enabling water... | What annelids' jaws are being studied by engineers? | {'text': 'Ragworms', 'answer_start': 717} |
46,514 | 46,172 | 5ad2b18cd7d075001a429f51 | generic | The NES dropped the hardwired controllers, instead featuring two custom 7-pin ports on the front of the console. Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same ST... | Unlike the Famicom, the SNES controllers possessed what consistent feature? | {'text': 'identical', 'answer_start': 189} |
113,689 | 113,347 | 572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d5 | generic | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quic... | Who triggered the Persian Revolt? | {'text': 'the Median ruler Astyages', 'answer_start': 281} |
79,239 | 78,897 | 5ad21aa6d7d075001a428425 | generic | Societies tend to come and go, of course, depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time, but some have been in existence many years. Those in existence at present include: Aeronautical, African, Alexander Cozens (Art), Amnesty, Archeological, Architectural, Astronomy, Banks (con... | What is one of the societies started in the 15th century? | {'text': 'Theatre', 'answer_start': 824} |
10,954 | 10,612 | 5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858ba | generic | When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne... | Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of? | {'text': 'middle and working classes', 'answer_start': 331} |
846 | 504 | 56d4e2142ccc5a1400d832ed | generic | Beyoncé has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. Jarett Wieselman of the New York Post placed her at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers. According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian Beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage, while Alice Jones ... | Who has said that Beyoncé is the best entertainer alive? | {'text': 'L.A. Reid', 'answer_start': 445} |
53,441 | 53,099 | 5acd132b07355d001abf337d | generic | Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties. These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in dang... | How many people could fit into Highbury? | {'text': '60,361', 'answer_start': 454} |
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