Unnamed: 0.1
int64
1
131k
Unnamed: 0
int64
1
130k
id
stringlengths
6
24
title
stringclasses
2 values
context
stringlengths
151
44k
question
stringlengths
2
25.7k
answers
stringlengths
32
440
100,317
99,975
5acd730d07355d001abf42d5
generic
Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education. These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-...
What are pre-schools not known as?
{'text': 'nursery schools', 'answer_start': 158}
22,739
22,397
56f74604aef2371900625a8d
generic
The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the ...
The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are what?
{'text': 'Orthodox', 'answer_start': 409}
51,361
51,019
57260a8e38643c19005acf72
generic
The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and...
Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language?
{'text': 'Cleopatra VII', 'answer_start': 429}
12,310
11,968
56de71424396321400ee2903
generic
Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: "The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews." He labeled all heresy as "Jewish", claiming that Judaism would "pollute [Catholics and] deceiv...
According to Pope St. Gregory what religion must you be in order to be a heretic?
{'text': 'Jewish', 'answer_start': 45}
41,758
41,416
59d288272763a60018284077
generic
GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios ...
In what decade did NBC makes the Comcast Building their headquarters?
{'text': '1930s', 'answer_start': 451}
64,477
64,135
5ad026e577cf76001a686bd0
generic
Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population. While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renai...
What caused the increase in commerce and production in the 14th century?
{'text': 'demographic crisis', 'answer_start': 34}
23,595
23,253
56f7f7dea6d7ea1400e17332
generic
Currently, international agreements are executed by executive agreement rather than treaties at a rate of 10:1. Despite the relative ease of executive agreements, the President still often chooses to pursue the formal treaty process over an executive agreement in order to gain congressional support on matters that requ...
The president of the United States might prefer the formal treaty process for agreements that impose what type of legal obligations on the US?
{'text': 'long-term, complex', 'answer_start': 425}
66,772
66,430
5a62589ff8d794001af1bf86
generic
Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of...
Before it was a de facto parlimentary republic, what type of government did Tamasese have?
{'text': 'constitutional monarchy', 'answer_start': 391}
128,038
127,696
573398164776f41900660e25
generic
Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the gro...
In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?
{'text': '1896', 'answer_start': 730}
12,373
12,031
5a5ad6679c0277001abe71da
generic
In some modern day nations and regions in which Sharia law is ostensibly practiced, heresy remains an offense punishable by death. One example is the 1989 fatwa issued by the government of Iran, offering a substantial bounty for anyone who succeeds in the assassination of author Salman Rushdie, whose writings were decl...
What did Salman Rushdie say was heretical?
{'text': 'Sharia law', 'answer_start': 48}
95,145
94,803
5a2c47ecbfd06b001a5aeac7
generic
In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ...
Planning for what city marked the rise of neoclassicism?
{'text': 'New Delhi', 'answer_start': 518}
109,435
109,093
572f5441a23a5019007fc549
generic
In 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classified pain according to specific characteristics: (1) region of the body involved (e.g. abdomen, lower limbs), (2) system whose dysfunction may be causing the pain (e.g.,...
Who has criticized the IASP's system?
{'text': 'Clifford J. Woolf and others', 'answer_start': 487}
101,959
101,617
5a8de14fdf8bba001a0f9d09
generic
In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar. At Caltech, he used a nude or topless bar as an office away from his usual office, making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats. When the county officials tried to close the place, all visitors ...
Who was the only person to testify that the topless bar should close?
{'text': 'Feynman', 'answer_start': 327}
100,692
100,350
572c8173dfb02c14005c6b81
generic
In 2002, businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor. Also in 2002, Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery. Tennessee's Bob Corker was the only freshman Republican elected to the United States Senate in the 2006 midterm elections. The state constitution was a...
Who was the first Republican Speaker of the Tennessee state senate since Democrats took control in the Reconstruction era?
{'text': 'Ron Ramsey', 'answer_start': 373}
83,617
83,275
5727d7f52ca10214002d97db
generic
Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest res...
What is the oldest community theater group west of the Mississippi River?
{'text': 'Theatre Tulsa', 'answer_start': 380}
53,563
53,221
5725e47538643c19005ace3e
generic
Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin an...
What type of surfaces can clothing protect from?
{'text': 'rough', 'answer_start': 196}
44,065
43,723
570f2f5c5ab6b81900390e90
generic
A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution. Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known. Their ...
What kind of clock have genetic functions?
{'text': 'biological clock', 'answer_start': 282}
98,692
98,350
572ac9f434ae481900deacd7
generic
Historically, Philadelphia sourced its water by the Fairmount Water Works, the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern sand filtration methods. Today, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection...
What was the first water supply system called?
{'text': 'Fairmount Water Works,', 'answer_start': 52}
125,371
125,029
57325f78e99e3014001e6732
generic
The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican)...
Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?
{'text': 'Fiorello La Guardia', 'answer_start': 145}
51,402
51,060
5726172c89a1e219009ac23d
generic
Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c. 287 – 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 – c. 190 BC), and Euclid (c. 325 – 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean T...
When was Euclid born?
{'text': '325', 'answer_start': 117}
55,947
55,605
5a1de2ea4ea40d0018b06fdb
generic
Xiamen dialect, sometimes known as Amoy, is the main dialect spoken in the Chinese city of Xiamen and its surrounding regions of Tong'an and Xiang'an, both of which are now included in the Greater Xiamen area. This dialect developed in the late Ming dynasty when Xiamen was increasingly taking over Quanzhou's position a...
Why did Zhangzhou peasants travel southwards?
{'text': 'to carry on their businesses', 'answer_start': 423}
20,960
20,618
56e7aedd37bdd419002c432f
generic
On January 6, 2016, the league took over "ownership and operational control" of the Portland Thunder from its previous owners. The AFL stated this move was made after months of trying work out an arrangement "to provide financial and operational support." On February 3, 2016, it was announced that the franchise will st...
Who owned the Desperados trademarks?
{'text': 'Jerry Jones', 'answer_start': 464}
8,665
8,323
5acfc68777cf76001a685eac
generic
The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister ...
what kind of dissalution can parliment request?
{'text': 'parliamentary dissolution', 'answer_start': 364}
60,728
60,386
572675a3dd62a815002e85b4
generic
Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's "imperial century" by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in c...
Who was Britain's last serious rival after Napoleon?
{'text': 'Russia', 'answer_start': 309}
30,587
30,245
5706afdf2eaba6190074ac26
generic
The tour in March 1987[citation needed] of Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour boosted house in the UK. Following the number-one success of MARRS' "Pump Up The Volume" in October, the years 1987 to 1989 also saw UK acts such as The Beatmasters, Krush, Coldcut, Yazz, Bomb Th...
what tour boosted house in the UK in the late 80s?
{'text': 'Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour', 'answer_start': 43}
85,459
85,117
5a7a7d7321c2de001afe9c89
generic
The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, an...
How long was the time to apply for an LTRO?
{'text': 'six-month', 'answer_start': 78}
37,164
36,822
570b56c06b8089140040f89c
generic
The U.S. framed the war as part of its policy of containment of Communism in south Asia, but American forces were frustrated by an inability to engage the enemy in decisive battles, corruption and incompetence in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and ever increasing protests at home. The Tet Offensive in 1968, altho...
The policy of containment in Asia was aimed at what ideology?
{'text': 'Communism', 'answer_start': 64}
99,548
99,206
5a57bcc4770dc0001aeefd30
generic
In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was s...
When was Francesco Guicciardini born?
{'text': '1452', 'answer_start': 512}
19,614
19,272
5a78c075b73996001af5b06b
generic
The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the coll...
What institution has none of materials from the RIBA collection?
{'text': 'Victoria and Albert Museum', 'answer_start': 360}
11,947
11,605
56df5a598bc80c19004e4af7
generic
The 1971 Local Government White Paper proposed abolishing county boroughs, which would have left Plymouth, a town of 250,000 people, being administered from a council based at the smaller Exeter, on the other side of the county. This led to Plymouth lobbying for the creation of a Tamarside county, to include Plymouth, ...
What body proposed that Plymouth become a unitary council?
{'text': 'the Banham Commission', 'answer_start': 671}
44,105
43,763
5a220bcc819328001af389e2
generic
The simplest known circadian clock is that of the prokaryotic cyanobacteria. Recent research has demonstrated that the circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus can be reconstituted in vitro with just the three proteins (KaiA, KaiB, KaiC) of their central oscillator. This clock has been shown to sustain a 22-hour rhyt...
What three proteins needed to be removed to sustain the in vitro clock?
{'text': 'KaiA, KaiB, KaiC', 'answer_start': 222}
88,462
88,120
572833674b864d1900164704
generic
The earliest good evidence for oligochaetes occurs in the Tertiary period, which began 65 million years ago, and it has been suggested that these animals evolved around the same time as flowering plants in the early Cretaceous, from 130 to 90 million years ago. A trace fossil consisting of a convoluted burrow partly fi...
When did the Tertiary period begin?
{'text': '65 million years ago', 'answer_start': 87}
75,538
75,196
5727871b708984140094e003
generic
Most of the English colonists had arrived as indentured servants, hiring themselves out as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid. Some Africans were allowed to earn their freedom before slavery became a life...
As indentured servants improved the economy, there became a greater need to import more what?
{'text': 'slaves', 'answer_start': 804}
130,296
129,954
5735c0d8e853931400426b4a
generic
The Tribhuvan Museum contains artifacts related to the King Tribhuvan (1906–1955). It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings, letters and papers, memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members. The Mahendra Museum is dedicated to...
What was the birth year of King Mahendra?
{'text': '1920', 'answer_start': 345}
74,014
73,672
572962873f37b319004782ed
generic
In 2010 and 2011, state and federal funds were awarded to Connecticut (and Massachusetts) to construct the Hartford Line, with a southern terminus at New Haven's Union Station and a northern terminus at Springfield's Union Station. According to the White House, "This corridor [currently] has one train per day connectin...
The purpose of the train line is to connect Connecticut and Massachusetts to what state north?
{'text': 'Vermont', 'answer_start': 397}
1,808
1,466
56cc3ad16d243a140015eed9
generic
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...
When did the Song dynasty take place?
{'text': '960–1279', 'answer_start': 318}
34,900
34,558
5ad24373d7d075001a4289f4
generic
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although th...
What processes don't drive the other components processing model processes?
{'text': 'appraisal', 'answer_start': 288}
96,157
95,815
5729e83f6aef0514001550fa
generic
Noether's theorem (1918) states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law. Noether's theorem has become a fundamental tool of modern theoretical physics and the calculus of variations. A generalisation of the seminal formulations on constants of motion in L...
What has become a fundamental tool of modern theoretical physics and the calculus of variations?
{'text': "Noether's theorem", 'answer_start': 138}
128,269
127,927
5733aa83d058e614000b5fc7
generic
Broca, being what today would be called a neurosurgeon, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech. He wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech. He discovered the speech center of the human brain, today called Broca's area after him. His interest was ...
What did the German philosopher Waitz specialize in?
{'text': 'psychology', 'answer_start': 396}
1,640
1,298
56d38c2b59d6e41400146706
generic
Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The fune...
Who led the funeral procession?
{'text': 'Prince Adam Czartoryski', 'answer_start': 422}
55,154
54,812
5a6242a5f8d794001af1beda
generic
Over the course of 2013, the corporation began the sale of its US shale gas assets and cancelled a US$20 billion gas project that was to be constructed in the US state of Louisiana. A new CEO Ben van Beurden was appointed in January 2014, prior to the announcement that the corporation's overall performance in 2013 was ...
Who was the CEO in 2013?
{'text': 'Ben van Beurden', 'answer_start': 192}
33,150
32,808
570981cd200fba14003680d6
generic
Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t...
Who dictated the oral law to Moses?
{'text': 'God', 'answer_start': 182}
20,290
19,948
56e7928637bdd419002c4176
generic
The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate. The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication. This professional school teaches its students reporting for pr...
What are the two different programs offered at KU's Schoold of Journalism?
{'text': 'News and Information and Strategic Communication', 'answer_start': 208}
36,121
35,779
5a2f4e01a83784001a7d26f0
generic
Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan M...
What destroyed the Innuitian orogeny?
{'text': 'Mesozoic orogeny', 'answer_start': 152}
87,764
87,422
5a36a26395360f001af1b2df
generic
Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness ...
What birthday did George IV's queen consort have before being invested with the Order of the Garter?
{'text': '41st birthday', 'answer_start': 979}
88,322
87,980
57282a944b864d1900164638
generic
Most annelids have a pair of coelomata (body cavities) in each segment, separated from other segments by septa and from each other by vertical mesenteries. Each septum forms a sandwich with connective tissue in the middle and mesothelium (membrane that serves as a lining) from the preceding and following segments on ei...
What are coelomata?
{'text': 'body cavities', 'answer_start': 40}
91,843
91,501
5728e1c04b864d1900165007
generic
The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egyp...
How many immigrants to Paris in 2012 were from the Maghreb?
{'text': '112,369', 'answer_start': 239}
40,842
40,500
570d55affed7b91900d45eba
generic
The first issue was ammunition. Before the war it was recognised that ammunition needed to explode in the air. Both high explosive (HE) and shrapnel were used, mostly the former. Airburst fuses were either igniferious (based on a burning fuse) or mechanical (clockwork). Igniferious fuses were not well suited for anti-a...
What were hydrogen filled balloons called?
{'text': 'Zeppelins', 'answer_start': 503}
20,355
20,013
56e7990237bdd419002c41e8
generic
The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor...
What is the name of KU athletic teams?
{'text': 'Kansas Jayhawks', 'answer_start': 74}
77,677
77,335
57277739dd62a815002e9d8f
generic
Historically, the channel's programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. Pictures (covering films released before 1950) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986). However,...
What is Turner Classic Movies called in France?
{'text': 'TCM Cinéma', 'answer_start': 669}
13,824
13,482
56df60fc8bc80c19004e4b67
generic
UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but conti...
UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?
{'text': 'reforms and protocols', 'answer_start': 199}
121,184
120,842
5731e314e17f3d14004224fd
generic
Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first ...
Who was the first to develop literature?
{'text': 'Egyptians', 'answer_start': 117}
3,031
2,689
56cf49ebaab44d1400b88f4f
generic
With filming completed in Rome, production moved to Mexico City in late March to shoot the film's opening sequence, with scenes to include the Day of the Dead festival filmed in and around the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district. The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence invol...
What type of helicopter was used for the flight scenes?
{'text': 'a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter', 'answer_start': 340}
29,170
28,828
570605d175f01819005e7895
generic
The Times features news for the first half of the paper, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section with world news normally following this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register, containing obituaries, Court & Social section, and related material. The spor...
What section begins after the first half of The Times newspaper?
{'text': 'Opinion/Comment section', 'answer_start': 61}
20,489
20,147
56e7845837bdd419002c407e
generic
Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee...
Who founded Eastern Wu?
{'text': 'Sun Quan', 'answer_start': 88}
20,542
20,200
56e78ed237bdd419002c412f
generic
Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江寧) and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. It had been visited by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close ...
When was the Qing dynasty in power?
{'text': '1644–1911', 'answer_start': 24}
60,643
60,301
572664515951b619008f7162
generic
In 1603, James VI, King of Scots, ascended (as James I) to the English throne and in 1604 negotiated the Treaty of London, ending hostilities with Spain. Now at peace with its main rival, English attention shifted from preying on other nations' colonial infrastructures to the business of establishing its own overseas c...
When did James I negotiate the Treaty of London?
{'text': '1604', 'answer_start': 85}
31,888
31,546
5a833e61e60761001a2eb4ab
generic
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal...
What is the name of the color pigment on water that is made using copper?
{'text': 'green verdigris', 'answer_start': 528}
64,064
63,722
5726e24f5951b619008f815d
generic
Many of Yale's buildings were constructed in the Collegiate Gothic architecture style from 1917 to 1931, financed largely by Edward S. Harkness Stone sculpture built into the walls of the buildings portray contemporary college personalities such as a writer, an athlete, a tea-drinking socialite, and a student who has f...
What do the decorative friezes on the buildings show?
{'text': 'contemporary scenes', 'answer_start': 406}
112,119
111,777
5733fcc14776f41900661657
generic
The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 diffe...
How many players have 100 goals or more in the Premier League?
{'text': 'Twenty-four', 'answer_start': 210}
105,782
105,440
572ec42ecb0c0d14000f151d
generic
Ion gauges are used in ultrahigh vacuum. They come in two types: hot cathode and cold cathode. In the hot cathode version an electrically heated filament produces an electron beam. The electrons travel through the gauge and ionize gas molecules around them. The resulting ions are collected at a negative electrode. The ...
What must be used for accurate measurement on the composition of gases at a high vacuums?
{'text': 'mass spectrometer must be used in conjunction with the ionization gauge', 'answer_start': 998}
105,399
105,057
5a8454087cf838001a46a74d
generic
The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to ...
When was the Lacey Act passed?
{'text': 'December, 1969', 'answer_start': 66}
90,974
90,632
5ad237b4d7d075001a428826
generic
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands simi...
Who played in the Singer and His Jug Band?
{'text': 'Willie Black', 'answer_start': 599}
99,723
99,381
572b459134ae481900dead73
generic
John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism. The role of sense experience in Dewey's theory is crucial, in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated. Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that rea...
When was Dewey born?
{'text': '1859', 'answer_start': 12}
75,323
74,981
5727972a708984140094e1a9
generic
In addition to setting the international law, the United Nations initiated International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) in 1992. This initiative aims to progressively eliminate child labour through strengthening national capacities to address some of the causes of child labour. Amongst the key initia...
What are some of the target countries?
{'text': 'Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt', 'answer_start': 609}
47,466
47,124
571a2ab710f8ca1400304f23
generic
In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other." Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among "Other;" in later censuses, they were inclu...
Who all was identified by name in the house holds?
{'text': 'Only the heads of households', 'answer_start': 153}
42,569
42,227
570de31a0dc6ce1900204cf1
generic
The idea of self-concept is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent and stable. Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract,...
Which idea is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent, and stable?
{'text': 'self-concept', 'answer_start': 12}
122,159
121,817
573217f50fdd8d15006c678d
generic
The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent o...
What was Rome's policy towards government?
{'text': 'Autonomy and concord', 'answer_start': 440}
105,047
104,705
572fad10b2c2fd140056830d
generic
Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho...
What year did the government start to build new deep shelters?
{'text': '1940', 'answer_start': 47}
8,546
8,204
5acfa23977cf76001a68563a
generic
The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
Who was named head of the royal council in the 16th century
{'text': 'Cardinal Richelieu', 'answer_start': 99}
27,029
26,687
5ad3b5af604f3c001a3fedcf
generic
HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of...
When was SDTV introduced in the US?
{'text': 'late 1980s', 'answer_start': 59}
102,898
102,556
5ad4bf625b96ef001a109f2a
generic
In 1987, as China began opening to Western capital investment, Spielberg shot the first American film in Shanghai since the 1930s, an adaptation of J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun, starring John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale. The film garnered much praise from critics and was nominated f...
What was Christian Bale's first movie?
{'text': 'Empire of the Sun', 'answer_start': 187}
103,970
103,628
5acd750707355d001abf4338
generic
Some street trams (streetcars) used conduit third-rail current collection. The third rail was below street level. The tram picked up the current through a plough (U.S. "plow") accessed through a narrow slot in the road. In the United States, much (though not all) of the former streetcar system in Washington, D.C. (disc...
In what neighborhood in New York have the abandoned tracks not been paved over?
{'text': 'Georgetown', 'answer_start': 798}
57,212
56,870
5726a94b708984140094cd2c
generic
By 17 May, the main Austrian army under Charles had arrived on the Marchfeld. Charles kept the bulk of his troops several miles away from the river bank in hopes of concentrating them at the point where Napoleon decided to cross. On 21 May, the French made their first major effort to cross the Danube, precipitating the...
Who led the main Austrian army?
{'text': 'Charles', 'answer_start': 40}
60,550
60,208
57268cd2f1498d1400e8e370
generic
With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also crea...
What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?
{'text': 'Marvel Rating System', 'answer_start': 187}
94,401
94,059
5a3eac175a76c5001a3a8436
generic
The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th...
What has lunar observatory built in 1690?
{'text': 'The cathedral', 'answer_start': 0}
129,744
129,402
57344cb3879d6814001ca4cc
generic
New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and c...
What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?
{'text': 'bats', 'answer_start': 118}
79,320
78,978
5ad22491d7d075001a428522
generic
In recent years, the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae (October 2009) as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (May 2010), The Cherry Orchard (February 2011), Joseph K (October 2011), Cyrano de Bergerac (May 2012), Macbeth (October 2012), London Assurance (May 2013) and ...
What girl's school was featured in October 2011's Macbeth?
{'text': "St Mary's School Ascot", 'answer_start': 481}
27,811
27,469
56fae8008f12f3190063029a
generic
In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren. The Somali National Olympic committee has devised a special support program to ensure continued success in future tournaments. Addit...
Along with Thai Boxing, in what has Mohamed Jama won a European title?
{'text': 'K1', 'answer_start': 384}
126,320
125,978
5a81df6631013a001a334f2e
generic
During the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-nineteenth and ear...
What was a name for humanism believers who emerged in the late 12th and early 13th centuries?
{'text': 'Religious Humanism', 'answer_start': 225}
9,783
9,441
56df043cc65bf219000b3ed6
generic
Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim i...
Where is the Information Management Group located?
{'text': 'CFS Leitrim in Ottawa', 'answer_start': 307}
5,052
4,710
56d07d26234ae51400d9c328
generic
Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.
In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?
{'text': 'toward the south', 'answer_start': 217}
16,502
16,160
56e0d4e1231d4119001ac409
generic
Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmar...
What are "bookmarks" called in Internet Explorer?
{'text': 'Favorites', 'answer_start': 151}
82,377
82,035
5727d7c14b864d1900163e4a
generic
This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was enc...
When did the British and Russian empires begin encroaching on Tibet?
{'text': '19th century', 'answer_start': 225}
6,948
6,606
56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83210
generic
Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has power...
Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?
{'text': 'scavengers', 'answer_start': 252}
109,885
109,543
572fa97e04bcaa1900d76b7c
generic
The first task of a database designer is to produce a conceptual data model that reflects the structure of the information to be held in the database. A common approach to this is to develop an entity-relationship model, often with the aid of drawing tools. Another popular approach is the Unified Modeling Language. A s...
Asking questions about an organization's needs will help to create what?
{'text': 'definitions of the terminology used for entities', 'answer_start': 1027}
14,952
14,610
56dfba2a7aa994140058e099
generic
The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide ...
what happened to the internet in the late 1980s?
{'text': 'a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet', 'answer_start': 147}
45,696
45,354
571020f7b654c5140001f81d
generic
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen...
Where was Bethea hanged?
{'text': 'Owensboro', 'answer_start': 81}
101,910
101,568
5a8ddee1df8bba001a0f9cd7
generic
Although born to and raised by parents who were Ashkenazi, Feynman was not only an atheist, but declined to be labelled Jewish. He routinely refused to be included in lists or books that classified people by race. He asked to not be included in Tina Levitan's The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize, writing, "...
What did Feynman believe that the Jewish people were?
{'text': 'the chosen people', 'answer_start': 627}
23,927
23,585
56f83a84a6d7ea1400e174dc
generic
In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish). The hypothesis that "a non-Yugoslav, perhaps a Russian or a Pole" assumed Tito's identity was in...
The Cryptologic Spectrum also notes whose impressions of Tito's Russian origins?
{'text': "Draža Mihailović's", 'answer_start': 350}
88,053
87,711
5acfc6f777cf76001a685ecc
generic
The meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed] For example, at th...
What isn't the meaning of federalism?
{'text': 'varies with country and historical context', 'answer_start': 92}
105,038
104,696
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682de
generic
The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants mi...
Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders?
{'text': 'by the second week', 'answer_start': 420}
29,662
29,320
5706a3b152bb891400689aff
generic
Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in...
How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain in the nineteeth century?
{'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 298}
119,103
118,761
5731450de6313a140071cda4
generic
The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent an advantage in the EMS and ensure friendly, unimpeded access to the EM spectrum portion of the information environment. Electronic warfare aircraft are used to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it. They are often called ...
What does the USAF use the E-4B aircraft for?
{'text': 'Airborne Command Post', 'answer_start': 552}
72,301
71,959
5a1105a106e79900185c34e3
generic
The third Digimon series, which began airing on April 1, 2001, is set largely in a "real world" where the Adventure and Adventure 02 series are television shows, and where Digimon game merchandise (based on actual items) become key to providing power boosts to real Digimon which appear in that world. The plot revolves ...
What did Rika sketch?
{'text': 'a new Digimon', 'answer_start': 575}
23,146
22,804
56f8ab6a9b226e1400dd0dba
generic
During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing.
Along with the docks and grain mills, what crop has been processed in Southampton for a long time?
{'text': 'tobacco', 'answer_start': 288}
100,577
100,235
572bd5c1dfb02c14005c6ad8
generic
Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most vis...
Which Tennessee city hosts the state's most famous aquarium?
{'text': 'Chattanooga', 'answer_start': 549}
107,950
107,608
5a8a485d3b2508001a72a987
generic
In 2010 there was an attempt to register a 51st State Party with the New Zealand Electoral Commission. The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America. The party's secretary is Paulus Telfer, a former Christchurch mayoral candidate. On February 5, 2010, the party applied to regis...
Can people in New Zealand vote for the Electoral Commission Party?
{'text': 'the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot', 'answer_start': 534}
53,735
53,393
57261e08271a42140099d497
generic
Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do...
What's the point of ironing clothing?
{'text': 'to remove wrinkles', 'answer_start': 70}
116,969
116,627
5acffb4b77cf76001a6866e0
generic
According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varang...
What year did the Slavic and Finnic tribes join the Varagians?
{'text': '862', 'answer_start': 235}