Unnamed: 0.1 int64 1 131k | Unnamed: 0 int64 1 130k | id stringlengths 6 24 | title stringclasses 2
values | context stringlengths 151 44k | question stringlengths 2 25.7k | answers stringlengths 32 440 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
118,905 | 118,563 | 5730c9a4f6cb411900e244a7 | generic | Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to ... | How does the Air Force promote security to its allies? | {'text': 'Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD', 'answer_start': 219} |
45,010 | 44,668 | 570fc93d5ab6b81900390fd9 | generic | Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave o... | What year did Dell cut its prices to keep its market share? | {'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 339} |
122,740 | 122,398 | 5731c1e2e99e3014001e6253 | generic | Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio... | What case was Jefferson's concept apropos to? | {'text': 'Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145', 'answer_start': 117} |
22,910 | 22,568 | 5ad5051c5b96ef001a10aa01 | generic | The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population. | Where do Moravian Wallachia live? | {'text': 'southern Poland and northern Slovakia', 'answer_start': 14} |
19,230 | 18,888 | 56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd4 | generic | Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable i... | Some people believe it wasn't Hudson who created DST, but an Englishman by what name? | {'text': 'William Willett', 'answer_start': 481} |
95,780 | 95,438 | 5ace368a32bba1001ae49e99 | generic | Eastern deciduous forests are subject to a number of serious insect and disease outbreaks. Among the most conspicuous is that of the introduced gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), which infests primarily oaks, causing severe defoliation and tree mortality. But it also has the benefit of eliminating weak individuals, and thu... | What is considered more serious than beech bark disease complex? | {'text': 'hemlock woolly adelgid', 'answer_start': 501} |
90,940 | 90,598 | 5728b7b9ff5b5019007da552 | generic | Monroe's style involved playing lead melodies in the style of a fiddler, and also a percussive chording sound referred to as "the chop" for the sound made by the quickly struck and muted strings. He also perfected a sparse, percussive blues style, especially up the neck in keys that had not been used much in country mu... | Who was Monroe's most influential follower? | {'text': 'Frank Wakefield', 'answer_start': 493} |
57,592 | 57,250 | 5726ac89708984140094cd87 | generic | The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfga... | What is credited with the origins of the German identity? | {'text': 'Protestant Reformation', 'answer_start': 17} |
15,189 | 14,847 | 5acf875d77cf76001a685106 | generic | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators als... | Comics continue to decline regardless of the decrease in what market? | {'text': 'print market', 'answer_start': 507} |
16,451 | 16,109 | 5a4d40ce7a6c4c001a2bbc88 | generic | Today, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Google pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Google Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need ... | What funds development at Mozilla? | {'text': 'increasing ad revenue', 'answer_start': 550} |
100,597 | 100,255 | 572bdd2e2babe914003c295e | generic | Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The w... | Approximately how many miles long is Tennessee's Ridge and Valley region? | {'text': '55', 'answer_start': 54} |
9,659 | 9,317 | 5ad3e7dd604f3c001a3ff617 | generic | In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women ... | What roles were women recruited for in the 1980s? | {'text': 'medicine, communication, logistics, and administration', 'answer_start': 60} |
119,471 | 119,129 | 5ad19707645df0001a2d20b7 | generic | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | How are non-LEDs used in theaters? | {'text': "to send sound to listeners' receivers", 'answer_start': 92} |
20,268 | 19,926 | 5acf4ee977cf76001a684b8e | generic | The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873. | When was KU's engineering school closed? | {'text': '1891', 'answer_start': 158} |
10,918 | 10,576 | 56e48e3239bdeb140034798e | generic | With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent... | What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy? | {'text': '"gentleman architect"', 'answer_start': 315} |
33,594 | 33,252 | 570a5b7e6d058f1900182d9e | generic | The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of ... | What company made The End of History beer in 2010? | {'text': 'BrewDog', 'answer_start': 167} |
78,767 | 78,425 | 5ad24b15d7d075001a428bd6 | generic | In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220. Before that time the friars had only a temporary residence in Rome at the convent of San Sisto Vecchio which Honorius III had given to Dominic circa 1218 i... | When did Pope John Paul II transfer property to the Order of Preachers? | {'text': 'June 5, 1222', 'answer_start': 840} |
54,735 | 54,393 | 5726244bec44d21400f3d967 | generic | Lack of political unity within Greece resulted in frequent conflict between Greek states. The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece. Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by The... | Who won the Peloponnesian war? | {'text': 'Sparta', 'answer_start': 174} |
118,187 | 117,845 | 5a2759f7d1a287001a6d0a22 | generic | Martin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: "Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permitted the Virgin Mary to remain a... | What Lutherans do not support this doctrine? | {'text': 'Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church,', 'answer_start': 720} |
76,294 | 75,952 | 5727e4a64b864d1900163f74 | generic | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | What did Eastern European people want to do with communism? | {'text': 'abandon it', 'answer_start': 842} |
58,661 | 58,319 | 5ad0c6bb645df0001a2d02ce | generic | The first department store in Spain was Almacenes el Siglo opened in October 1881 in Barcelona. Following the 2002 closure by the Australian group Partridges of their SEPU (Sociedad Española de Precios Unicos) department store chain, which was one of Spain's oldest, the market is now dominated by El Corte Inglés, found... | What wasn't the name of the first Spanish department store? | {'text': 'Almacenes el Siglo', 'answer_start': 40} |
123,876 | 123,534 | 5a8485907cf838001a46a8ce | generic | Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions dur... | From 1959-1965 what did John Boehner become? | {'text': 'Republican House leader and Minority Leader', 'answer_start': 371} |
22,935 | 22,593 | 56f833afaef2371900625ef7 | generic | Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of... | What year did the Romans invade Britain? | {'text': 'AD 43', 'answer_start': 126} |
39,319 | 38,977 | 570c3527ec8fbc190045bdad | generic | During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unj... | How did Samuel Walker describe the number of unjustified shots fired? | {'text': 'suspiciously low', 'answer_start': 334} |
78,009 | 77,667 | 5727a2bbff5b5019007d9176 | generic | The metaphysics in Mīmāṃsā school consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines and the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God. Rather, it held that the soul is eternal omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, then focussed on the epistemology and metaphysics of dha... | What type of doctrines are contained in the Mimamsa school? | {'text': 'atheistic and theistic', 'answer_start': 51} |
48,818 | 48,476 | 571aa1c110f8ca14003051f5 | generic | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Along with being his cousin, what relationship did Ali have to Muhammad? | {'text': 'son-in-law', 'answer_start': 96} |
87,767 | 87,425 | 5a36a26395360f001af1b2e2 | generic | Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness ... | What royal residence did George VI own? | {'text': 'Balmoral Castle', 'answer_start': 823} |
68,503 | 68,161 | 5726b410708984140094ce4f | generic | In the early 1880s, Kanehiro Takaki observed that Japanese sailors (whose diets consisted almost entirely of white rice) developed beriberi (or endemic neuritis, a disease causing heart problems and paralysis), but British sailors and Japanese naval officers did not. Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the ... | What was introduced to the diet on a molecular level that prevented the sailors from contracting the disease? | {'text': 'thiamine', 'answer_start': 479} |
20,524 | 20,182 | 56e78a5637bdd419002c40e8 | generic | Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear o... | One possibility the Tower was destroyed was to prevent it's use by a hostile enemy. What is the other possibility? | {'text': 'superstitious fear of its geomantic properties', 'answer_start': 300} |
78,842 | 78,500 | 5ad25138d7d075001a428ccd | generic | Today, there is a growing number of Associates who share the Dominican charism. Dominican Associates are Christian women and men; married, single, divorced, and widowed; clergy members and lay persons who were first drawn to and then called to live out the charism and continue the mission of the Dominican Order - to pr... | What is there not a growing number of? | {'text': 'Associates', 'answer_start': 36} |
49,134 | 48,792 | 5ace540432bba1001ae4a2c6 | generic | The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta. This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil. Isotopic studies attribute the oil deposits to be about 110 m... | The two largest formations occur in the oil sands of which lake? | {'text': 'Cold Lake', 'answer_start': 425} |
12,273 | 11,931 | 5a5abf2c9c0277001abe716e | generic | The first known usage of the term in a legal context was in AD 380 by the Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I, which made Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. Prior to the issuance of this edict, the Church had no state-sponsored support for any particular legal mechanism to counter what it perceived as... | What was made the official State religion in the 3rd century? | {'text': 'Christianity', 'answer_start': 124} |
905 | 563 | 56d4e8472ccc5a1400d83321 | generic | In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon. In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media. A st... | What type of magazine is L'Officiel? | {'text': 'French fashion magazine', 'answer_start': 213} |
50,579 | 50,237 | 5acf7ae777cf76001a684f28 | generic | Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, whi... | How many members does the UGLE lose every year? | {'text': 'around a quarter million', 'answer_start': 498} |
73,730 | 73,388 | 5727855e5951b619008f8c32 | generic | The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since it opened, in 2007. The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales. Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium since it opened in 1923 (being originally n... | When did this stadium open? | {'text': 'it opened, in 2007.', 'answer_start': 63} |
137 | 137 | 138421 | pubqa | An increased number of suspected outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to bathing water were reported to the Finnish food- and waterborne outbreak (FWO) registry in July and August 2014. The investigation reports were assessed by a national outbreak investigation panel. Eight confirmed outbreaks were identified among... | How many people were ill?
| {'answer_id': 273715, 'document_id': 445540, 'question_id': 138421, 'text': '1,453', 'answer_start': 468, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
14,181 | 13,839 | 5ace071932bba1001ae499ac | generic | On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR. | To what republic was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast kept from in 1957? | {'text': 'the Russian SFSR', 'answer_start': 187} |
126,976 | 126,634 | 5732af38d6dcfa19001e8a77 | generic | As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d'état and therefore giving the superficia... | Why did the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning? | {'text': 'because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc.', 'answer_start': 638} |
11,823 | 11,481 | 56ded9b5c65bf219000b3d77 | generic | On January 8, 2006, while Schwarzenegger was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles, with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, the governor s... | Which of Schwarzenegger's sons was with him when he had a motorcycle accident in 2006? | {'text': 'Patrick', 'answer_start': 112} |
103,528 | 103,186 | 5aceb4fb32bba1001ae4b0eb | generic | Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared clo... | What planet did Galileo observe at the end of its retrograde cycle? | {'text': 'Neptune', 'answer_start': 650} |
45,194 | 44,852 | 570fd8fd80d9841400ab36d6 | generic | Dell committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year. It is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green... | What organization scores electronics manufacturers based on how environmentally friendly their products are? | {'text': 'Greenpeace', 'answer_start': 153} |
38,504 | 38,162 | 5a612e3ee9e1cc001a33cfe2 | generic | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are a... | Who hosted the first Gymnastics World Championship? | {'text': 'Japan', 'answer_start': 453} |
67,574 | 67,232 | 5726a7ef708984140094cd08 | generic | The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291, which is celebrated annually as the Swiss National Day. The country has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it p... | What year did Switzerland join the United Nations? | {'text': '2002', 'answer_start': 296} |
121,147 | 120,805 | 5731d33d0fdd8d15006c658e | generic | The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt considered the most important centre of the maritime transport in the Middle East, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows ship transport between Europe and Asia without navigatio... | When was Suez canal completed? | {'text': 'November 1869', 'answer_start': 203} |
2,971 | 2,629 | 56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef4 | generic | In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the ... | In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot? | {'text': 'Austria.', 'answer_start': 178} |
116,447 | 116,105 | 57305b0b069b5314008320a9 | generic | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. The grammatical differences between "fixed-word-o... | What is it sometimes necessary to reinterpret when translating? | {'text': 'grammatical structure', 'answer_start': 178} |
36,885 | 36,543 | 5ad1737c645df0001a2d1c44 | generic | The United States originally wished to remain neutral when World War I broke out in August 1914. However, it insisted on its right as a neutral party to immunity from German submarine attack, even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain. In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it ... | What German war policy precipitated US involvement in WWII? | {'text': 'submarine attacks', 'answer_start': 285} |
74,950 | 74,608 | 5727a4574b864d1900163928 | generic | A uniquely Creole tradition is the touloulous. These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called universities; in reality, large dance... | Why do the women drink through a straw? | {'text': 'protect their anonymity', 'answer_start': 977} |
50,537 | 50,195 | 5acfa93b77cf76001a68578b | generic | The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic... | What kind of deity was a Freemason considered to be? | {'text': 'political prisoners', 'answer_start': 519} |
84,903 | 84,561 | 5a80e0988f0597001ac001e3 | generic | The most precise timekeeping device of the ancient world was the water clock, or clepsydra, one of which was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I (1525–1504 BC). They could be used to measure the hours even at night, but required manual upkeep to replenish the flow of water. The Ancient Greeks and the peop... | What was the most accurate clock=like device in Chaldea? | {'text': 'the water clock, or clepsydra', 'answer_start': 61} |
80,130 | 79,788 | 5727e6e13acd2414000def4d | generic | The micro plug design is rated for at least 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles, which is more than the mini plug design. The micro connector is also designed to reduce the mechanical wear on the device; instead the easier-to-replace cable is designed to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection. The Univer... | What is the micro connector designed for? | {'text': 'to reduce the mechanical wear on the device', 'answer_start': 156} |
39,382 | 39,040 | 5ad13f29645df0001a2d1399 | generic | According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider ... | Who was Zechariah's sister in law? | {'text': 'Mary', 'answer_start': 33} |
90,959 | 90,617 | 5728b90e4b864d1900164cd5 | generic | Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players ... | What type of music did Jethro Burns play? | {'text': 'jazz mandolinist', 'answer_start': 98} |
11,328 | 10,986 | 5a632f1a68151a001a92225c | generic | The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Unio... | Who was the leader of the continent when World War II started? | {'text': 'Mussolini', 'answer_start': 73} |
28,759 | 28,417 | 56fe0408761e401900d28ca6 | generic | Firmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer. This chip (hardware) is located on the motherboard and has the BIOS set up (software) stored in it. | What type of software is stored in a BIOS chip? | {'text': 'BIOS set up', 'answer_start': 183} |
97,740 | 97,398 | 572a60cefed8de19000d5bcd | generic | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? | {'text': 'Islamic institutions', 'answer_start': 74} |
47,747 | 47,405 | 5ad2ba2ad7d075001a42a06f | generic | The writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that "most" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., had genetics scholars w... | What popular belief is supported by the data that has been collected? | {'text': 'high rate of Native American admixture', 'answer_start': 434} |
99,776 | 99,434 | 5a7c67b9e8bc7e001a9e1d88 | generic | Any philosophy that assigns crucial importance to the ideal or spiritual realm in its account of human existence may be termed "idealist". Metaphysical idealism is an ontological doctrine that holds that reality itself is incorporeal or experiential at its core. Beyond this, idealists disagree on which aspects of the m... | Platonic idealism's understanding of abstractions is similar to what view? | {'text': 'subjective', 'answer_start': 447} |
39,780 | 39,438 | 570e56af0dc6ce1900204f61 | generic | Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemen's Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named "Melbourne" by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of th... | Who was Melbourne named by? | {'text': 'the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke', 'answer_start': 222} |
70,853 | 70,511 | 5726edf05951b619008f82a3 | generic | Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres ... | What are the most popular religions in Nigeria? | {'text': 'Islam and Christianity', 'answer_start': 47} |
101,102 | 100,760 | 572f80b8947a6a140053c9d4 | generic | Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties". Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Simon R... | Who said that the post-punk movement rivaled the Sixties in the shear amount of great music produced? | {'text': 'Simon Reynolds', 'answer_start': 313} |
90,293 | 89,951 | 5ad2444bd7d075001a428a50 | generic | This led Popper to conclude that what were regarded[by whom?] as the remarkable strengths of psychoanalytical theories were actually their weaknesses. Psychoanalytical theories were crafted in a way that made them able to refute any criticism and to give an explanation for every possible form of human behaviour. The na... | Who never tackled the problem of demarcation in the philosophy of science? | {'text': 'Popper', 'answer_start': 492} |
111,342 | 111,000 | 5ad29277d7d075001a429aba | generic | The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ... | How did the original Constitution not identify its society members? | {'text': 'any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece', 'answer_start': 235} |
33,657 | 33,315 | 570a681e4103511400d596dc | generic | The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in... | How many liters of beer are bought and sold every year? | {'text': 'More than 133 billion', 'answer_start': 183} |
58,135 | 57,793 | 5acea46832bba1001ae4aeaf | generic | Scientists associated with BYU have created some notable inventions. Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of the electronic television, received his education at BYU, and later returned to do fusion research, receiving an honorary degree from the university. Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic so... | Who did Harvey Farnsworth carry out the oil-drop experiment with? | {'text': 'Robert Millikan', 'answer_start': 386} |
99,733 | 99,391 | 572b6958be1ee31400cb8367 | generic | In philosophy, idealism is the group of philosophies which assert that reality, or reality as we can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial. Epistemologically, idealism manifests as a skepticism about the possibility of knowing any mind-independent thing. In a sociological sense... | Along with physicalist theories, what theories is idealism in conflict with? | {'text': 'dualist', 'answer_start': 552} |
104,034 | 103,692 | 5acd818307355d001abf44c2 | generic | DC commutating electric motors, if fitted with laminated pole pieces, become universal motors because they can also operate on AC; reversing the current in both stator and rotor does not reverse the motor. But the now-standard AC distribution frequencies of 50 and 60 Hz caused difficulties with inductive reactance and ... | Reversing the current in both stator and rotor also reverses what? | {'text': 'the motor', 'answer_start': 195} |
125,884 | 125,542 | 57333879d058e614000b578c | generic | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal? | {'text': 'France, Spain and Italy', 'answer_start': 270} |
115,109 | 114,767 | 5730956e396df919000961c4 | generic | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund... | Whitehead believed instead of matter existing independently of each other, it did what? | {'text': 'interrelated and dependent', 'answer_start': 330} |
115,975 | 115,633 | 5ad49a99ba00c4001a268d4e | generic | Exceptions to the restrictions faced by Windows Store apps are given to web browsers. The user's default browser can distribute a Metro-style web browser in same package as the desktop version, which has access to functionality unavailable to other apps, such as being able to permanently run in the background, use mult... | What different options didn't the desktop version have? | {'text': 'able to permanently run in the background, use multiple background processes, and use Windows API code', 'answer_start': 269} |
83,341 | 82,999 | 5acd670f07355d001abf40d0 | generic | In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert W... | On what date did the decisive Capture of Kufra occur? | {'text': '23 November 1944', 'answer_start': 1016} |
114,300 | 113,958 | 57300c50a23a5019007fccc9 | generic | Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th ce... | In what century did the modern rules of association football come from? | {'text': 'mid-19th century', 'answer_start': 309} |
51,199 | 50,857 | 5725dbd4ec44d21400f3d6d0 | generic | The Bithynians were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia. After Alexander's conquests the region of Bithynia came under the rule of the native king Bas, who defeated Calas, a general of Alexander the Great, and maintained the independence of Bithynia. His son, Zipoetes I of Bithynia maintained this autonomy a... | King Bas defeated which general of Alexander? | {'text': 'Calas', 'answer_start': 176} |
78,324 | 77,982 | 5727ac44ff5b5019007d9244 | generic | There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25%... | What are the two categories of public funding? | {'text': 'direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect', 'answer_start': 50} |
86,864 | 86,522 | 5a81caf731013a001a334edc | generic | This set inherits a group operation (sometimes called coset multiplication, or coset addition) from the original group G: (gN) • (hN) = (gh)N for all g and h in G. This definition is motivated by the idea (itself an instance of general structural considerations outlined above) that the map G → G / N that associates to ... | What are group homomorphisms called? | {'text': 'universal properties', 'answer_start': 417} |
66,129 | 65,787 | 5a81b6a631013a001a334dca | generic | As a relatively small and isolated oceanic island, Norfolk has few land birds but a high degree of endemicity among them. Many of the endemic species and subspecies have become extinct as a result of massive clearance of the island's native vegetation of subtropical rainforest for agriculture, hunting and persecution a... | What non-bird animals caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to celebrate? | {'text': 'mammals', 'answer_start': 396} |
122,063 | 121,721 | 5731f0ffe99e3014001e63ed | generic | The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same... | What Roman general had a dream of his fate in battle? | {'text': 'Decius Mus', 'answer_start': 233} |
13,513 | 13,171 | 56df8e9338dc42170015204c | generic | Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available. | What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers? | {'text': 'Mobile communities', 'answer_start': 85} |
23,392 | 23,050 | 56f71740711bf01900a44934 | generic | Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of thes... | The bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union followed the Swiss rejection of what? | {'text': 'the European Economic Area agreement', 'answer_start': 270} |
63,847 | 63,505 | 572697f6dd62a815002e8a90 | generic | The Yale Report of 1828 was a dogmatic defense of the Latin and Greek curriculum against critics who wanted more courses in modern languages, mathematics, and science. Unlike higher education in Europe, there was no national curriculum for colleges and universities in the United States. In the competition for students ... | Why was The Yale Report established? | {'text': 'the classics would not be abandoned', 'answer_start': 568} |
129,692 | 129,350 | 5735f68a012e2f140011a0fd | generic | In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of ... | What was the game in feudal territory was used as? | {'text': 'food and furs', 'answer_start': 167} |
84,229 | 83,887 | 5727f767ff5b5019007d996a | generic | Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th... | Who was nominated to the presidency of the Officer's Club? | {'text': 'Sirri Amer', 'answer_start': 0} |
31,102 | 30,760 | 5707268f9e06ca38007e949d | generic | The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong ... | Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French? | {'text': 'President Juárez', 'answer_start': 268} |
103,140 | 102,798 | 5ad4d8665b96ef001a10a334 | generic | A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music... | Who wrote Saving Private Ryan? | {'text': 'David Koepp', 'answer_start': 1202} |
128,792 | 128,450 | 5a68b6dd8476ee001a58a79e | generic | The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist... | What percentage of the Pakistan population resides in Sargodha? | {'text': 'Nearly 60%', 'answer_start': 412} |
45,554 | 45,212 | 571007ebb654c5140001f75a | generic | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | In what year was there a failed Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty? | {'text': '2004', 'answer_start': 459} |
122,356 | 122,014 | 57319f2f0fdd8d15006c63fa | generic | YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Users wishing to post a video d... | What is used to embed a youtube video to a webpage? | {'text': 'HTML', 'answer_start': 136} |
99,772 | 99,430 | 572b6b0a111d821400f38e8c | generic | Any philosophy that assigns crucial importance to the ideal or spiritual realm in its account of human existence may be termed "idealist". Metaphysical idealism is an ontological doctrine that holds that reality itself is incorporeal or experiential at its core. Beyond this, idealists disagree on which aspects of the m... | What branch of idealism believes that we can only know the real world via ideas? | {'text': 'Epistemological', 'answer_start': 549} |
87,416 | 87,074 | 5a5022aa99b975001ade80e6 | generic | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can coexist with asthma and can occur as a complication of chronic asthma. After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD. In this setting, COPD can be differentiated by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, an... | If you smoke after 65, what two conditions will you also have? | {'text': 'asthma and COPD', 'answer_start': 187} |
2,172 | 1,830 | 56cc66326d243a140015ef9b | generic | From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding t... | In what country did Apple have to recall iPods? | {'text': 'France', 'answer_start': 298} |
84,725 | 84,383 | 572805304b864d1900164250 | generic | The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually ca... | A solemn ceremony ended the first session on what day? | {'text': '8 December 1962', 'answer_start': 48} |
104,667 | 104,325 | 5ad41e9e604f3c001a400655 | generic | In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes,... | Black left which religious denomination is low numbers after slavery? | {'text': 'Southern Baptist Church', 'answer_start': 350} |
123,484 | 123,142 | 5a2ef9ffa83784001a7d2608 | generic | The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of the President of Brazil. The palace was designed, along with the rest of the city of Brasília, by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958. One of the first structures built in the republic's new capital city, the "Alvorada" lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake P... | What is the name of one of the first Olympic-sized swimming pools built in the capital city? | {'text': 'the "Alvorada"', 'answer_start': 261} |
7,255 | 6,913 | 56d63c501c85041400947045 | generic | In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers. In 2015 city councillor Hasan Küçük of The Hague called for dog ownership to be made illegal in that city. Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' reli... | In Britain, a dog used in a search at a mosque or a home occupied by Muslims must wear what? | {'text': 'leather dog booties', 'answer_start': 478} |
84,640 | 84,298 | 5a60fe02e9e1cc001a33ce07 | generic | In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939... | When did Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli die? | {'text': 'On 10 February 1939', 'answer_start': 79} |
50,402 | 50,060 | 5acf87fa77cf76001a685132 | generic | English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge d... | When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Antarctica? | {'text': '18th century', 'answer_start': 289} |
53,234 | 52,892 | 5accfdb907355d001abf312d | generic | Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships a... | Who has accumulated the most points? | {'text': 'Arsenal', 'answer_start': 0} |
78,395 | 78,053 | 572784ba708984140094dfd5 | generic | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years? | {'text': 'religious music', 'answer_start': 40} |
55,694 | 55,352 | 5a8464dd7cf838001a46a7da | generic | Outstanding debts were also agreed and the company permitted to export 250 tons of saltpetre. Again in 1673, Banks successfully negotiated another contract for 700 tons of saltpetre at £37,000 between the king and the company. So urgent was the need to supply the armed forces in the United Kingdom, America and elsewher... | What year did Banks negotiate between the princess and the North India company for 600 tons of salt? | {'text': '1673', 'answer_start': 103} |
93,806 | 93,464 | 5729654daf94a219006aa37e | generic | Prior to Einstein's paper, electromagnetic radiation such as visible light was considered to behave as a wave: hence the use of the terms "frequency" and "wavelength" to characterise different types of radiation. The energy transferred by a wave in a given time is called its intensity. The light from a theatre spotligh... | What does it mean for a light source to be more intense than another? | {'text': 'gives out more energy per unit time and per unit space', 'answer_start': 414} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.