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The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandring...
What Scottish estate is privately owned by Elizabeth?
{'text': 'Balmoral Castle', 'answer_start': 334}
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There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "...
What site in Talheim suggests violent warfare in the Neolithic era?
{'text': 'the Talheim Death Pit', 'answer_start': 284}
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Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocra...
In what year did King George V die?
{'text': '1929', 'answer_start': 928}
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Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in ...
How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the Senate?
{'text': '76', 'answer_start': 334}
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However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the...
To which body can decisions made by this specific high court be appealed?
{'text': 'the Privy Council', 'answer_start': 317}
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The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on music publications. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Dictionnaire de musique (published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris) was a leading text in the late 18th century. This widely available dictionary gave short definitions of words like genius an...
Which two perspectives did Rose Rosengard Subotnik use to compare Mozart's Die Cauberflote?
{'text': 'Enlightenment and Romantic', 'answer_start': 909}
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The central oscillator generates a self-sustaining rhythm and is driven by two interacting feedback loops that are active at different times of day. The morning loop consists of CCA1 (Circadian and Clock-Associated 1) and LHY (Late Elongated Hypocotyl), which encode closely related MYB transcription factors that regula...
What did Andrew Millar show in 2000?
{'text': 'TOC1 in fact serves as a repressor', 'answer_start': 1095}
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There were 72.1 million visitors to the city's museums and monuments in 2013. The city's top tourist attraction was the Notre Dame Cathedral, which welcomed 14 million visitors in 2013. The Louvre museum had more than 9.2 million visitors in 2013, making it the most visited museum in the world. The other top cultural a...
How many people visited the Louvre in 2013?
{'text': '9.2 million', 'answer_start': 218}
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ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequenc...
How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode?
{'text': '128 symbols', 'answer_start': 67}
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Beyoncé attended St. Mary's Elementary School in Fredericksburg, Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes. Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. Beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after w...
I which church was Beyonce a member and soloist in the choir?
{'text': "St. John's United Methodist Church", 'answer_start': 711}
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On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite. NigComSat-1R was also a DFH-4 satellite, and the replacement for the failed NigComSat-1 was successfully launched into orbit by China in Xi...
Where was Nigeria's fourth satellite launched?
{'text': 'China', 'answer_start': 309}
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Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critica...
What event was caused by smaller herbivores in the area?
{'text': 'Younger Dryas', 'answer_start': 254}
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Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed ...
What did Apple launch on November 14, 2003?
{'text': 'battery replacement program', 'answer_start': 18}
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83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoy...
Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?
{'text': 'Christianity', 'answer_start': 39}
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The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the National championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October, 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachuse...
What Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at?
{'text': 'Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre', 'answer_start': 160}
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In recent decades, the literacy rate of Rajasthan has increased significantly. In 1991, the state's literacy rate was only 38.55% (54.99% male and 20.44% female). In 2001, the literacy rate increased to 60.41% (75.70% male and 43.85% female). This was the highest leap in the percentage of literacy recorded in India (th...
How has the state been recognized for its census effort?
{'text': 'praised for its efforts and achievements', 'answer_start': 613}
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The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho...
Along with reducing nuclear weapons, what was to have been the topic of conversation at the Four Power Paris Summit?
{'text': 'Berlin', 'answer_start': 432}
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Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t...
What survey showed German as the foreign language used most often in Poland?
{'text': 'Eurobarometer survey', 'answer_start': 147}
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Cubism formed an important link between early-20th-century art and architecture. The historical, theoretical, and socio-political relationships between avant-garde practices in painting, sculpture and architecture had early ramifications in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia. Though there are many poin...
What are the four formal characteristics that are never connected with Cubism?
{'text': 'faceting of form, spatial ambiguity, transparency, and multiplicity', 'answer_start': 506}
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Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he i...
What did changing the status of the abbey create?
{'text': 'the Diocese of Westminster', 'answer_start': 167}
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The term "Immersive app" had been used internally by Microsoft developers to refer to the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8, after which they were referred to as "Metro-style apps" in reference to the Metro design language. The term was phased out in August 2012; a Microsoft spokesperson denied...
What does unimmersive app stand for?
{'text': 'the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8', 'answer_start': 86}
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In recent years there was a high demand for massively distributed databases with high partition tolerance but according to the CAP theorem it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously provide consistency, availability and partition tolerance guarantees. A distributed system can satisfy any two of these g...
What is used to discourage eventual consistency?
{'text': 'NoSQL databases', 'answer_start': 388}
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Early computing machines had fixed programs. Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine. With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed. A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that detai...
When did Alan Turing join the National Physical Laboratory?
{'text': '1945', 'answer_start': 440}
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Following Huan's death, Dou Wu and the Grand Tutor Chen Fan (陳蕃) (d. 168 AD) attempted a coup d'état against the eunuchs Hou Lan (d. 172 AD), Cao Jie (d. 181 AD), and Wang Fu (王甫). When the plot was uncovered, the eunuchs arrested Empress Dowager Dou (d. 172 AD) and Chen Fan. General Zhang Huan (張奐) favored the eunuchs...
Which group was favorable to Zhang Huan?
{'text': 'the eunuchs', 'answer_start': 309}
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In ultra high vacuum systems, some very "odd" leakage paths and outgassing sources must be considered. The water absorption of aluminium and palladium becomes an unacceptable source of outgassing, and even the adsorptivity of hard metals such as stainless steel or titanium must be considered. Some oils and greases will...
How should the grain direct of metallic flanges run to flange faces?
{'text': 'parallel', 'answer_start': 482}
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In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas. A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836, the now largely "American" Texans, fought a war of independence from the central g...
What was the name for the area Coahuila y Tejas was part of?
{'text': 'United Mexican States', 'answer_start': 78}
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The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant ...
Reception statues are generally the same as what law?
{'text': 'the common law of England', 'answer_start': 201}
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Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant ...
What role did women fill in the Church?
{'text': 'nuns', 'answer_start': 1038}
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The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th...
How often does the Assembly of Experts meet?
{'text': 'one week annually', 'answer_start': 359}
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The remaining band members recorded "Independent Women Part I", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks. In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé...
"Charlie's Angels" featured which single from the band members?
{'text': 'Independent Women Part I', 'answer_start': 37}
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The area between Belvidere Street, Interstate 195, Interstate 95, and the river, which includes Virginia Commonwealth University, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring Jackson Ward, with Carver exper...
In what part of Richmond is the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts found?
{'text': 'Museum District', 'answer_start': 601}
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Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and ...
Where is the Gold State Coach housed?
{'text': 'the Royal Mews', 'answer_start': 26}
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The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quali...
What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain?
{'text': 'nearly 82%', 'answer_start': 57}
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Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h...
What author espoused the theory of the "pristine unconscious?"
{'text': 'D.H Lawrence', 'answer_start': 773}
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From around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achievements was Tawaddud...
What disciplines were women trained in during the first century?
{'text': 'music, dancing and poetry', 'answer_start': 193}
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In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in Franc...
Who won the last election at Reichstag?
{'text': 'Social Democrats', 'answer_start': 1078}
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Note: Besides ethnic groups, Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live. Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include: Zagorci in northern Croatia, Istrijani in westernmost Croatia, Dalmatinci in southern Croatia, Boduli in Adriatic islands, Vlaji in hinterland of Da...
Where are Istrijani located?
{'text': 'westernmost Croatia', 'answer_start': 214}
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Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism. In developed countries, the diseases of malnutrition are most often associated with nutritional imbalances or excessive consumption. In developing countries, malnutrition is more likely to be caused by poor access to ...
Aside from inadequate knowledge, what else is characteristic of malnutrition found in developing countries?
{'text': 'poor access to a range of nutritious foods', 'answer_start': 305}
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After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovere...
What did Feynman ignore while working on quantum gravity?
{'text': 'consequences of a free massless spin 2 field', 'answer_start': 147}
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In Sri Lanka, the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka was created in 1972 after the adoption of a new Constitution. The Supreme Court is the highest and final superior court of record and is empowered to exercise its powers, subject to the provisions of the Constitution. The court rulings take precedence over all lower Courts. ...
What do capital-law and civil-law blend together to make?
{'text': 'The Sri Lanka judicial system', 'answer_start': 320}
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Consequently, Molotov, fearing that EDC would be directed in the future against the USSR therefore "seeking to prevent the formation of groups of European States directed against other European States", made a proposal for a General European Treaty on Collective Security in Europe "open to all European States without r...
Who feared the EDC would work with the USSR?
{'text': 'Molotov', 'answer_start': 14}
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The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize part...
Who did the U.S. defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?
{'text': 'Tecumseh', 'answer_start': 368}
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In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favo...
Who did the Supreme Court rule in favor of?
{'text': 'Town of Greece', 'answer_start': 329}
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Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC).
When did Karl Jaspers die?
{'text': '200 BC', 'answer_start': 170}
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After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending ...
How was the Portuguese bailout implemented?
{'text': "tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts", 'answer_start': 192}
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Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the...
What years did hunting decline?
{'text': '1996–2006', 'answer_start': 677}
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During George's reign the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated. The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. From 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth, except Ireland, was ...
In what year was the Commonwealth of Nations established?
{'text': '1940', 'answer_start': 383}
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Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are st...
What causes the different accounts of the cross used?
{'text': 'The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous', 'answer_start': 185}
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The BCG vaccine has limitations, and research to develop new TB vaccines is ongoing. A number of potential candidates are currently in phase I and II clinical trials. Two main approaches are being used to attempt to improve the efficacy of available vaccines. One approach involves adding a subunit vaccine to BCG, while...
What does one option propose adding to the existing BCG vaccine?
{'text': 'subunit vaccine', 'answer_start': 291}
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In 1989, Prince Andrew launched the replacement RMS St Helena to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the Cardiff–Cape Town route and features a mixed cargo/passenger layout.
Who launched the replacement RMS St Helena?
{'text': 'Prince Andrew', 'answer_start': 9}
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Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a mi...
How much more expansive was the oldest trade agreement?
{'text': 'over four times larger', 'answer_start': 92}
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On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber w...
What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day?
{'text': '15 September 1940', 'answer_start': 3}
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In October/November 2005, the largest outbreak of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) ever recorded in Ireland occurred. Eighteen E. coli O157 culture-positive cases, phage type 32, verotoxin 2 positive, were identified in a small rural area of mid-west Ireland. Half of these patients were asymptomatic. Two chi...
What are the pathogens?
{'answer_id': 274425, 'document_id': 445594, 'question_id': 138427, 'text': 'Escherichia coli (VTEC)', 'answer_start': 70, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'}
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The Quran most likely existed in scattered written form during Muhammad's lifetime. Several sources indicate that during Muhammad's lifetime a large number of his companions had memorized the revelations. Early commentaries and Islamic historical sources support the above-mentioned understanding of the Quran's early de...
Who had begun memorizing Muhammad's revelations in his lifetime?
{'text': 'his companions', 'answer_start': 159}
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In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups. The operations were mainly focused on removing the Abu Sayyaf group and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) from their stronghold on the is...
What did Operation Smiles do for the Philippines?
{'text': 'provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan', 'answer_start': 471}
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The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operation...
Who is in charge of these Change in Operational Control missions?
{'text': 'Regional Combatant Commander', 'answer_start': 421}
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The two finalists in 2011 were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery, both teenage country singers. McCreery won the competition on May 25, being the youngest male winner and the fourth male in a row to win American Idol. McCreery released his first single, "I Love You This Big", as his coronation song, and Alaina released...
What genre of music did season ten American Idol contestant Lauren Alaina sing?
{'text': 'country', 'answer_start': 79}
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Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic ...
Who uses the Cyrillic alphabet?
{'text': 'The Orthodox', 'answer_start': 290}
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In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalt...
What happened to the Clarmac Company in 1917?
{'text': 'liquidation', 'answer_start': 467}
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In terms of the newline, Unicode introduced U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR. This was an attempt to provide a Unicode solution to encoding paragraphs and lines semantically, potentially replacing all of the various platform solutions. In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical pl...
How is newline normalization accomplished in Mac OS X?
{'text': 'Cocoa text system', 'answer_start': 602}
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The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i...
What happens to the silicate slag during the flash smelting process?
{'text': 'floats on top', 'answer_start': 523}
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In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution,...
What did Lissouba advise his supporters to do?
{'text': 'boycott the elections', 'answer_start': 246}
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The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g., the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from...
What does slahta mean?
{'text': '"(noble) family"', 'answer_start': 106}
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Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of d...
How long was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea?
{'text': '500-page', 'answer_start': 519}
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The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as ac...
When did the two polytechnic schools in Hong Kong receive status as universities?
{'text': '1994', 'answer_start': 416}
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On 20 September 2013, Queen + Adam Lambert performed at the iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas. On 6 March 2014, the band announced on Good Morning America that Queen + Adam Lambert will tour North America in Summer 2014. The band will also tour Australia and New Zealand in August/S...
Where was the iHeartRadio Music Festival held in 2013?
{'text': 'MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas', 'answer_start': 94}
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The Council of Ministers – under the presidency of the Prime Minister (or the President of Portugal at the latter's request) and the Ministers (may also include one or more Deputy Prime Ministers) – acts as the cabinet. Each government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present ...
What group acts as the presidential cabinet?
{'text': 'The Council of Ministers', 'answer_start': 0}
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Large brushes are desired for a larger brush contact area to maximize motor output, but small brushes are desired for low mass to maximize the speed at which the motor can run without the brushes excessively bouncing and sparking. (Small brushes are also desirable for lower cost.) Stiffer brush springs can also be used...
What are small brushes not favorable for?
{'text': 'contact', 'answer_start': 45}
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In early February, the South Korean 11th Division ran the operation to destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea. During the operation, the division and police conducted the Geochang massacre and Sancheong-Hamyang massacre. In mid-February, the PVA counterattacked with the Fourth Phase Off...
What to be achieved by the Sancheong-Hamyang and Geochang massacres in South Korea?
{'text': 'destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea', 'answer_start': 71}
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During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn...
What FBI agent was killed during attacks on the World Trade Center?
{'text': 'Leonard W. Hatton Jr', 'answer_start': 75}
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Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding...
What is the special agent of "strep throat"?
{'text': 'S. pyogenes', 'answer_start': 558}
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A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can ...
In what form does a capacitor store energy?
{'text': 'the form of an electrostatic field', 'answer_start': 853}
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The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversi...
What was the purpose of these fires?
{'text': 'deceive German bombardiers', 'answer_start': 628}
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Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted...
What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?
{'text': 'RCC', 'answer_start': 505}
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Detroit is home to several institutions of higher learning including Wayne State University, a national research university with medical and law schools in the Midtown area offering hundreds of academic degrees and programs. The University of Detroit Mercy, located in Northwest Detroit in the University District, is a ...
In which district is Detroit Mercy's Law School located?
{'text': 'Downtown', 'answer_start': 705}
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Celtic tribes settled in Switzerland between 1000 to 1500 BC. The Raetians lived in the eastern regions, while the west was occupied by the Helvetii and the Allobrogi settled in the Rhone valley and in Savoy. Among the many substances Celtic tribes mined was salt in areas such as Salzburg in Austria where evidence of t...
What did the Celtic tribes mine?
{'text': 'salt', 'answer_start': 259}
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In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in num...
What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?
{'text': '73%', 'answer_start': 58}
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Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti...
Who did samurai write for?
{'text': 'newspaper companies', 'answer_start': 326}
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Brazil's Atlantic Forest is considered one such hotspot, containing roughly 20,000 plant species, 1,350 vertebrates, and millions of insects, about half of which occur nowhere else.[citation needed] The island of Madagascar and India are also particularly notable. Colombia is characterized by high biodiversity, with th...
How many plant species does Africa contain?
{'text': '20,000 plant species', 'answer_start': 76}
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A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are c...
In which ways do dialects remain undistinguished?
{'text': 'vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation', 'answer_start': 34}
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Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner). As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences. Unlike most of their precurs...
Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?
{'text': 'martial', 'answer_start': 229}
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Temporal measurement has occupied scientists and technologists, and was a prime motivation in navigation and astronomy. Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time. Examples include the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum, an...
Why do scientists want to study caesium atoms?
{'text': 'economic value', 'answer_start': 542}
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Uprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during this time as South...
In what region of Namibia is Walvis Bay?
{'text': 'South-West', 'answer_start': 315}
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Among the notable structures in the town are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes. One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe. However, the ruins have been replaced by a modern military building which now houses t...
In what year was Gustav Adolph built?
{'text': '1787', 'answer_start': 563}
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The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby are...
What reason do the speakers of Kham consider their language to be separate?
{'text': 'political', 'answer_start': 470}
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A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Tel...
Who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics?
{'text': 'The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation', 'answer_start': 291}
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Naturally occurring glass, especially the volcanic glass obsidian, has been used by many Stone Age societies across the globe for the production of sharp cutting tools and, due to its limited source areas, was extensively traded. But in general, archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coa...
What glass-like material is made with a method related to sharp cutting?
{'text': 'faience', 'answer_start': 552}
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Crystal Bowersox, who has Type-I diabetes, fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis on the morning of the girls performance night for the top 20 week and was hospitalized. The schedule was rearranged so the boys performed first and she could perform the following night instead; she later revealed that Ken Warwick, the sho...
Why was Crystal Bowersox in the hospital during the week of the top 20 on American Idol?
{'text': 'diabetic ketoacidosis', 'answer_start': 59}
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Because the rotor is much lighter in weight (mass) than a conventional rotor formed from copper windings on steel laminations, the rotor can accelerate much more rapidly, often achieving a mechanical time constant under one ms. This is especially true if the windings use aluminum rather than the heavier copper. But bec...
How does a coreless rotor not compare to traditional rotors in terms of weight?
{'text': 'lighter', 'answer_start': 26}
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In The New Yorker music critic Jody Rosen described Beyoncé as "the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century..... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop." When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, "Why Beyoncé? [...] Because she made not...
When did Beyonce first make the Time 100 List?
{'text': '2013', 'answer_start': 700}
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The first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks of measles and smallpox ravaged their popul...
What did the Taínos represent in the Greater Antilles and Bahamas?
{'text': 'dominant culture', 'answer_start': 109}
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In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a...
What is a common opinion about men wearing women's clothing?
{'text': 'unusual', 'answer_start': 600}
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The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and...
How many periods of geology are within the Paleozoic era?
{'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 92}
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Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accept...
What percentage of Richmond was destroyed by fire after the Confederate evacuation?
{'text': '25', 'answer_start': 474}
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In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846–1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium. (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.) In 2007, Christ...
When did Herter die?
{'text': '1917', 'answer_start': 72}
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In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to "creative differences" between him and ...
Who was the replacement to play Freddie Mercury in the film of the same name?
{'text': 'Ben Whishaw', 'answer_start': 388}
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Industrial production is mainly from the steam reforming of natural gas, and less often from more energy-intensive hydrogen production methods like the electrolysis of water. Most hydrogen is employed near its production site, with the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia prod...
What market primarily uses ammonia production?
{'text': 'the fertilizer market', 'answer_start': 339}
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A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895. Though fiercely debated, the restaurant's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich. Lou...
What landmark New Haven fast food establishment is located on Crown Street?
{'text': "Louis' Lunch", 'answer_start': 50}
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The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ...
What state were Johnson and Rayburn from?
{'text': 'Texas', 'answer_start': 231}
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(デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters livi...
What term refers to the Chinese media franchise?
{'text': 'DIGIMON)', 'answer_start': 65}