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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N...
What other charges besides genocide was the ITCR convicted of?
{'text': 'serious violations of the international law', 'answer_start': 405}
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In Classical Antiquity, the inquiry into the workings of the universe took place both in investigations aimed at such practical goals as establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses and in those abstract investigations known as natural philosophy. The ancient people who are conside...
What type of science are making a calendar and finding cures for diseases a part of?
{'text': 'natural philosophy', 'answer_start': 266}
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Just as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci – partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist – advocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techniques to improve t...
Who was the most famous humanist?
{'text': 'Leonardo da Vinci', 'answer_start': 28}
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As of the 2015–16 season, Premier League football has been played in 53 stadiums since the formation of the Premier League in 1992. The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished; as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-s...
What was the result of their recommendation?
{'text': 'as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater', 'answer_start': 264}
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It should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 and then step 2. ...
What part of the brain is not fully developed in infants which can cause the memory differences in ages?
{'text': 'the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed', 'answer_start': 763}
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In 1687, Isaac Newton published the Principia Mathematica, detailing two comprehensive and successful physical theories: Newton's laws of motion, which led to classical mechanics; and Newton's Law of Gravitation, which describes the fundamental force of gravity. The behavior of electricity and magnetism was studied by ...
What concept did the Law of Gravitation deal with?
{'text': 'the fundamental force of gravity', 'answer_start': 229}
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Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. A...
Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?
{'text': 'Dwayne Leverock', 'answer_start': 169}
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The sweet wort collected from sparging is put into a kettle, or "copper" (so called because these vessels were traditionally made from copper), and boiled, usually for about one hour. During boiling, water in the wort evaporates, but the sugars and other components of the wort remain; this allows more efficient use of ...
What increases the longer the starches are boiled?
{'text': 'bitterness', 'answer_start': 605}
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The budget of the city for 2013 was €7.6 billion, of which 5.4 billion went for city administration, while €2.2 billion went for investment. The largest part of the budget (38 percent) went for public housing and urbanism projects; 15 percent for roads and transport; 8 percent for schools (which are mostly financed by ...
How much of the budget was allocated for city administration?
{'text': '5.4 billion', 'answer_start': 59}
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Evidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE,...
For how long have modern humans lived on the Indian subcontinent?
{'text': '75,000 years', 'answer_start': 89}
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Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. His selection was unexpected, and Roncalli himself had come to Rome with a return train ticket to Venice. He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in more than 500 years, and his choice settled the complicated ques...
How long has there been a Pope in Rome?
{'text': 'more than 500 years', 'answer_start': 256}
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New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl. Throughout the second hal...
In what year was the New Haven Arena demolished?
{'text': '1972', 'answer_start': 476}
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Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additi...
Along with the Caribbean, from where does a significant amount of cargo enter MIA?
{'text': 'South America', 'answer_start': 115}
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Inline hockey was first played in 1995 and has also become more and more popular in the last years. The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championships. Namibia is the home for one of the toughest footraces in the world, the Namibian ultra marathon. The most famous athlete from Nam...
What sport does the most famous Namibian athlete participate in?
{'text': 'sprinter', 'answer_start': 348}
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The 2000 U.S. Census in the write-in response category had a code listing which standardizes the placement of various write-in responses for automatic placement within the framework of the U.S. Census's enumerated races. Whereas most responses can be distinguished as falling into one of the five enumerated races, there...
What did the code listing destandardize?
{'text': 'the placement of various write-in responses', 'answer_start': 93}
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At the same time the order found itself face to face with the Renaissance. It struggled against pagan tendencies in Renaissance humanism, in Italy through Dominici and Savonarola, in Germany through the theologians of Cologne but it also furnished humanism with such advanced writers as Francesco Colonna (probably the w...
What did the order not find itself faced with?
{'text': 'the Renaissance', 'answer_start': 58}
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In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups. The operations were mainly focused on removing the Abu Sayyaf group and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) from their stronghold on the is...
What did PACOM Augmentation Team rename itself as?
{'text': 'Joint Special Operations Task Force – Philippines', 'answer_start': 571}
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Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in t...
Where does Tuscon rank in terms of the largest city in the U.S. in 2009?
{'text': '32nd', 'answer_start': 263}
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Astronomers like Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi...
Hipparchus' star may be depicted in a statue called what?
{'text': 'Farnese Atlas', 'answer_start': 582}
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As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields,...
In what year did Notre Dame begin to host the Global Adaptation Index?
{'text': '2013', 'answer_start': 753}
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Writing about Lee's style and use of humor in a tragic story, scholar Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin states: "Laughter ... [exposes] the gangrene under the beautiful surface but also by demeaning it; one can hardly ... be controlled by what one is able to laugh at." Scout's precocious observations about her neighbors and...
What two forms of humor are most found in To Kill a Mockingbird?
{'text': 'Satire and irony', 'answer_start': 1137}
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Russian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family. It is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus'. From the point of view of the spoken language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn, the other three languages in the East Slavic group. In many places in eastern and southern U...
What language does Russian descend from?
{'text': "the language used in Kievan Rus'", 'answer_start': 87}
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In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office...
Who did Elizabeth ask to form a government?
{'text': 'Harold Wilson', 'answer_start': 505}
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The Library of Congress (LoC) is an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government of the United States and serve as a national library. It is under the supervision of the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library and the Librarian of Congress. The Near East is a separa...
The Library of Congress is under whose supervision?
{'text': 'the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library', 'answer_start': 206}
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In 1855 a reprint of a letter earlier sent to The Times appeared in Littel's Living Age. Its author, an "official Chinese interpreter of 10 years' active service" and a member of the Oriental Club, Thomas Taylor Meadows, was replying to the suggestion by another interpreter that the British Empire was wasting its resou...
Who was the author of the letter sent to the Times?
{'text': 'Thomas Taylor Meadows', 'answer_start': 198}
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Rheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke and became the 2 cm FlaK 38. Nev...
When was the first 3.7 cm FlaK 18 introduced?
{'text': '1935', 'answer_start': 632}
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Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. I...
What was the codename for the Xbox 360 when it was first being developed?
{'text': 'Broadway', 'answer_start': 629}
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Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet econo...
What does EU stand for?
{'text': 'European Union', 'answer_start': 93}
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Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r...
What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras?
{'text': 'The Antarctic Peninsula', 'answer_start': 91}
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Bradley was the apparent target of G. E. Moore's radical rejection of idealism. Moore claimed that Bradley did not understand the statement that something is real. We know for certain, through common sense and prephilosophical beliefs, that some things are real, whether they are objects of thought or not, according to ...
What did Bradley write?
{'text': 'The Refutation of Idealism', 'answer_start': 344}
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There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Sol...
Where is Desert Sunlight State Farm?
{'text': 'San Luis Obispo County, California', 'answer_start': 171}
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Restrictions on media censorship were significantly eased in August 2012 following demonstrations by hundreds of protesters who wore shirts demanding that the government "Stop Killing the Press." The most significant change has come in the form that media organisations will no longer have to submit their content to a c...
What is required of commentators before publishing or airing content ?
{'text': 'journalists "are required to follow 16 guidelines towards protecting the three national causes', 'answer_start': 572}
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The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing vie...
What is George D. Chryssides occupation?
{'text': 'sociologist', 'answer_start': 677}
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At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the...
How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland?
{'text': 'eleven', 'answer_start': 56}
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After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet....
What did the Tibetan government sign in 1913?
{'text': 'Simla Accord', 'answer_start': 711}
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In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, behind the park system of Minneapolis. ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of ...
What city had the second highest ParkScore rating?
{'text': 'New York City', 'answer_start': 90}
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The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen).The Ger...
What was the date of the Treaty of Frankfurt?
{'text': '10 May 1871', 'answer_start': 160}
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Israel has a school life expectancy of 15.5 years and a literacy rate of 97.1% according to the United Nations. The State Education Law, passed in 1953, established five types of schools: state secular, state religious, ultra orthodox, communal settlement schools, and Arab schools. The public secular is the largest sch...
What is the literacy rate in Israel?
{'text': '97.1%', 'answer_start': 73}
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Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard. The correct rendering of Unicode Indic text requires transforming the stored logical order characters into visual order and the forming of ligatures (aka conjuncts) out of components. Some local scholars arg...
What is the ISCII standard?
{'text': '128 code points', 'answer_start': 67}
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In the early years of coverage the BBC had exclusive radio coverage with a picture of the pitch marked in the Radio Times with numbered squares to help the listener follow the match on the radio. The first FA Cup Final on Radio was in 1926 between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City but this was only broadcast in Manc...
Who never broadcasted the FA Cup?
{'text': 'the BBC', 'answer_start': 31}
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Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as "Annarbour;" this represents the earliest known use of the town's name. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur ...
What was the profession of the founders of Ann arbor?
{'text': 'land speculators', 'answer_start': 33}
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Spectre opened in Germany with $22.45 million (including previews), which included a new record for the biggest Saturday of all time, Australia with $8.7 million (including previews) and South Korea opened to $8.2 million (including previews). Despite the 13 November Paris attacks, which led to numerous theaters being ...
What is the only film to have a higher ticket sale in Paris than Spectre?
{'text': 'Spider-Man 3', 'answer_start': 1275}
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John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ...
Locke refuted whose political theory?
{'text': 'Sir Robert Filmer', 'answer_start': 316}
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The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevad...
On what date was John Spenkelink executed?
{'text': 'May 25, 1979', 'answer_start': 212}
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The subsequent 1912 Salon des Indépendants was marked by the presentation of Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, which itself caused a scandal, even amongst the Cubists. It was in fact rejected by the hanging committee, which included his brothers and other Cubists. Although the work was shown in the S...
What were one of Metzingers two showings in 1913's Salon des Independants?
{'text': 'La Femme au Cheval', 'answer_start': 627}
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The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis).
How many periods can Greek canon law be divided into?
{'text': 'four periods', 'answer_start': 51}
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The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-...
Who was the teacher at the first madrasa?
{'text': 'Hazrat Muhammad', 'answer_start': 115}
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In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was being held back by a "t...
When did 570 sq mi of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf collapse?
{'text': 'Between 28 February and 8 March 2008', 'answer_start': 64}
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Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss...
How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945?
{'text': '800,000', 'answer_start': 152}
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In addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. However, there is no...
What do academics believe contemporary great powers remain?
{'text': 'a middle power', 'answer_start': 507}
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The majority of simplified characters are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms, or ancient standard forms. For example, the orthodox character 來 lái ("come") was written with the structure 来 in the clerical script (隶书 / 隸書, lìshū) of the Han dynasty. This clerical form uses one fewer stroke, and was thus adopted a...
What are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms?
{'text': 'majority of simplified characters', 'answer_start': 4}
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In his youth Tito attended Catholic Sunday school, and was later an altar boy. After an incident where he was slapped and shouted at by a priest when he had difficulty assisting the priest to remove his vestments, Tito would not enter a church again. As an adult, he frequently declared that he was an atheist.
What did a priest do to Tito as a child when he had difficulty removing the priest's vestments?
{'text': 'slapped and shouted at', 'answer_start': 110}
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In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led b...
The National Symphony Orchestra is led by what gender of violinist?
{'text': 'female', 'answer_start': 102}
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Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 o...
What part did she voice for the movie Epic?
{'text': 'Queen Tara', 'answer_start': 429}
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The fourth Digimon series, which began airing on April 7, 2002, radically departs from the previous three by focusing on a new and very different kind of evolution, Spirit Evolution, in which the human characters use their D-Tectors (this series' Digivice) to transform themselves into special Digimon called Legendary W...
To the Digidestined stop from reawakening?
{'text': 'Lucemon', 'answer_start': 1404}
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Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlif...
What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?
{'text': 'Mariana fruit bats', 'answer_start': 779}
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Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences. They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social ...
Which ideas do scientist lean towards causing sexual orientation?
{'text': 'They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors', 'answer_start': 172}
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The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quali...
What do 82% of lower limb amputees experience?
{'text': 'phantom pain', 'answer_start': 18}
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The meaning and origin of many archaic festivals baffled even Rome's intellectual elite, but the more obscure they were, the greater the opportunity for reinvention and reinterpretation — a fact lost neither on Augustus in his program of religious reform, which often cloaked autocratic innovation, nor on his only rival...
What did Augustus wish to do for Roman religion?
{'text': 'reform', 'answer_start': 248}
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There are many rules to contact in this type of football. First, the only player on the field who may be legally tackled is the player currently in possession of the football (the ball carrier). Second, a receiver, that is to say, an offensive player sent down the field to receive a pass, may not be interfered with (ha...
What player can be legally tackeled when tripping the player he intends to block?
{'text': 'the ball carrier', 'answer_start': 176}
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Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Dell dropped out of school to focu...
When did Michael Dell end his company?
{'text': '1984', 'answer_start': 27}
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Despite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly occupied his capital, Berlin...
Identify a success of the Austrians?
{'text': 'the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz', 'answer_start': 14}
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Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government...
What did the Japanese government release in Japan on November 21, 1990?
{'text': 'the Super Famicom', 'answer_start': 67}
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From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra a...
What changed the course of British architecture starting in the mid-1800s?
{'text': 'exploration and publication', 'answer_start': 37}
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In the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, terrorist attacks in Egypt became numerous and severe, and began to target Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials. In the 1990s an Islamist group, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, engaged in an extended campaign of violence, from the murders and attempted murders of prominent ...
Who were primary targets of Egypt terrorist attacks?
{'text': 'Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials', 'answer_start': 107}
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The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that...
he agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what cities up?
{'text': 'Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland', 'answer_start': 344}
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Although Max insisted von Neumann attend school at the grade level appropriate to his age, he agreed to hire private tutors to give him advanced instruction in those areas in which he had displayed an aptitude. At the age of 15, he began to study advanced calculus under the renowned analyst Gábor Szegő. On their first ...
Who did Von Neumann begin his studies of advanced calculus under?
{'text': 'Gábor Szegő', 'answer_start': 292}
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Season seven premiered on January 15, 2008, for a two-day, four-hour premiere. The media focused on the professional status of the season seven contestants, the so-called 'ringers', many of whom, including Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson, had prior recording contracts. Con...
Which season seven contestant had worked as a stripper before his time on American Idol?
{'text': 'David Hernandez', 'answer_start': 328}
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Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine. The specificity of base pairing occurs because adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bo...
What base pairs with thymine?
{'text': 'adenine', 'answer_start': 170}
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Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's genome through biotechnology. Since the 1970s, a variety of techniques have been developed to specifically add, remove and edit genes in an organism. Recently developed genome engineering techniques use engineered nuclease enzymes to create targeted DNA repair in...
What is known as the modification of an organism's genome through biotechnology?
{'text': 'Genetic engineering', 'answer_start': 0}
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Fossilized spores suggest that higher plants (embryophytes) have lived on land for at least 475 million years. Early land plants reproduced sexually with flagellated, swimming sperm, like the green algae from which they evolved. An adaptation to terrestrialization was the development of upright meiosporangia for disper...
What do the first green algae not produce?
{'text': 'flowers', 'answer_start': 1039}
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Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:...
What was one approach to the debate about colonialism?
{'text': 'to apply economic models (such as rational choice theory) to political issues', 'answer_start': 415}
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Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.
What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership?
{'text': 'to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture', 'answer_start': 99}
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In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; phys...
What was stolen from McAfee?
{'text': 'credit card numbers', 'answer_start': 236}
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However, it is important to understand that despite the presence of reception statutes, much of contemporary American common law has diverged significantly from English common law. The reason is that although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts ra...
What differs about American and English law?
{'text': 'American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings', 'answer_start': 302}
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Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacit...
How do the capacitors connected perpendicullarly act with currents from the power supply?
{'text': 'as a local reserve for the DC power source', 'answer_start': 427}
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MIME defines two different mechanisms for encoding non-ASCII characters in email, depending on whether the characters are in email headers (such as the "Subject:"), or in the text body of the message; in both cases, the original character set is identified as well as a transfer encoding. For email transmission of Unico...
What is recommended for email transmission of Unicode?
{'text': 'the UTF-8 character set and the Base64 or the Quoted-printable transfer encoding', 'answer_start': 323}
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Himachal Pradesh is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The legislature consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by t...
Who is the Judiciary system made up of?
{'text': 'Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts.', 'answer_start': 464}
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For the finals, American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage on March 11, 2008, along with a new on-air look. David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even...
Which American Idol contestant was hospitalized after singing during the week of the top nine?
{'text': 'David Cook', 'answer_start': 124}
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During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839–43, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53. Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and com...
On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant?
{'text': '7 June 1842', 'answer_start': 393}
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Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for "disseminating rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan earthquake. Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion. Liu had travelled to the Shifang, ...
Who was a Sichuan school teacher?
{'text': 'Liu Shaokun', 'answer_start': 17}
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CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive...
What can cause sudden disc degradation?
{'text': 'disc rot', 'answer_start': 495}
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Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his o...
What does Sigmund Freud believe about the behavior of supernatural beings?
{'text': 'tend to behave much like people', 'answer_start': 134}
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Much of Richmond's early architecture was destroyed by the Evacuation Fire in 1865. It is estimated that 25% of all buildings in Richmond were destroyed during this fire. Even fewer now remain due to construction and demolition that has taken place since Reconstruction. In spite of this, Richmond contains many historic...
What is the name of the era from which the building housing the Edgar Allan Poe Museum dates?
{'text': 'colonial', 'answer_start': 395}
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Digimon hatch from types of eggs which are called Digi-Eggs (デジタマ, Dejitama?). In the English iterations of the franchise there is another type of Digi-Egg that can be used to digivolve, or transform, Digimon. This second type of Digi-Egg is called a Digimental (デジメンタル, Dejimentaru?) in Japanese. (This type of Digi-Egg...
What is the process called of how Digi-Eggs age?
{'text': 'Digivolution', 'answer_start': 512}
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A third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time, although much less represented, argues that the laws are not time-reversal symmetric. For example, certain processes in quantum mechanics, relating to the weak nuclear force, are not time-reversible, keeping in mind that when dealing with quantum mechani...
What does the thirs solution argue is time-reversal symmetric?
{'text': 'the direction of time', 'answer_start': 43}
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The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the rep...
During the breakup of Pangaea, what sea was created?
{'text': 'Tethys Sea', 'answer_start': 165}
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In the spring of 1834, Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller, and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn. After the festival, the three visited Düsseldorf, where Mendelssohn had been appointed musical director. They spent what Mendelssohn described as "a very agreeable ...
Who did Frédéric meet in the spring of 1834 at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival?
{'text': 'Felix Mendelssohn', 'answer_start': 137}
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There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often...
What do broad terms in the laws help eliminate?
{'text': 'flexibility', 'answer_start': 356}
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Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted fro...
How does kaolin create a more gentle light?
{'text': 'It diffuses the light emitted from the filament', 'answer_start': 287}
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Antigonus II, a student of Zeno of Citium, spent most of his rule defending Macedon against Epirus and cementing Macedonian power in Greece, first against the Athenians in the Chremonidean War, and then against the Achaean League of Aratus of Sicyon. Under the Antigonids, Macedonia was often short on funds, the Pangaeu...
How large was the Macedonian army under the Antigonids?
{'text': '25,000 men', 'answer_start': 732}
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In the early 19th century, the Indigenous American woman Sacagawea, who would help translate for and guide the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the West, married the French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau. Most marriages between Europeans and Indigenous Americans were between European men and Indigenous American women. Depe...
Who did the Creek not give status in their mother's tribes?
{'text': 'mixed-race children', 'answer_start': 538}
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Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the ...
What world famous landmark is located on the bank of the Leine?
{'text': 'Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle', 'answer_start': 718}
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On matchdays, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme tune to Z-Cars, named "Johnny Todd", a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson which tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea, although on two separate occasions in the 1994, they ra...
What was the reaction of the crowd to the Everton replacement theme songs in 1994?
{'text': 'disapproval', 'answer_start': 541}
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Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread througho...
Who had the removal of both of his lobes?
{'text': 'Henry Molaison', 'answer_start': 631}
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Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian ...
Why was a garrison implented in Italy by the Romans?
{'text': 'in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy', 'answer_start': 164}
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The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.
Which rules do not grant authority to the President?
{'text': 'rules of the Senate', 'answer_start': 85}
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The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy. They saw deviations from Orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity: "From the Jew the heretic has accepted guidance in this discussion [that Jesus ...
What religion were these Fathers of the Church?
{'text': 'Orthodox Christianity', 'answer_start': 85}
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Research institutes linked to the third level colleges in the city support the research and innovation capacity of the city and region. Examples include the Tyndall National Institute (ICT hardware research), IMERC (Marine Energy), Environmental Research Institute, NIMBUS (Network Embedded Systems); and CREATE (Advance...
What does the Environmental Research Institute support in Cork?
{'text': 'the research and innovation capacity of the city and region', 'answer_start': 75}
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A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian...
What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country?
{'text': '0.8', 'answer_start': 9}