Unnamed: 0.1
int64
1
131k
Unnamed: 0
int64
1
130k
id
stringlengths
6
24
title
stringclasses
2 values
context
stringlengths
151
44k
question
stringlengths
2
25.7k
answers
stringlengths
32
440
130,356
130,014
5735c9dd6c16ec1900b927d7
generic
Legendary Princess Bhrikuti (7th-century) and artist Araniko (1245 - 1306 AD) from that tradition of Kathmandu valley played a significant role in spreading Buddhism in Tibet and China. There are over 108 traditional monasteries (Bahals and Bahis) in Kathmandu based on Newar Buddhism. Since the 1960s, the permanent Tib...
What religion did Araniko help to evangelize?
{'text': 'Buddhism', 'answer_start': 157}
10,289
9,947
5a18e9499aa02b0018605f28
generic
Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes fro...
What was the last Dynasty to use Dari
{'text': 'The Saffarid', 'answer_start': 461}
95,587
95,245
5ace11e632bba1001ae49a32
generic
The Appalachian Mountains (i/ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻn/ or /ˌæpəˈlætʃᵻn/,[note 1] French: les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and once reached elevations similar to those of the Alp...
What do the Alps form a barrier between?
{'text': 'east-west travel', 'answer_start': 409}
29,561
29,219
5705f85275f01819005e77e8
generic
The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato...
When do the birds return to warmer regions?
{'text': 'autumn', 'answer_start': 382}
121,785
121,443
5a77b3a4b73996001af5a51b
generic
Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20t...
What became less accessible to the masses?
{'text': 'Universities', 'answer_start': 264}
55,917
55,575
5a1dd7ee4ea40d0018b06fc7
generic
During the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China, there was constant warfare occurring in the Central Plain of China. Northerners began to enter into Fujian region, causing the region to incorporate parts of northern Chinese dialects. However, the massive migration of northern Han Chinese into Fujian region mainly occ...
Where were Yongjia dialects brought by the Han Chinese, spoken?
{'text': 'spoken in Central Plain of China from prehistoric era to 3rd century', 'answer_start': 510}
28,613
28,271
56fde15e761e401900d28c27
generic
In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code was supplied on punched film while...
How many relays did the Z3 contain?
{'text': '2000', 'answer_start': 173}
37,665
37,323
5a07dcd73fc8740018207027
generic
In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near-infrared spectrum. Digital cameras often use infrared blockers. Cheaper digital cameras and camera phones have less effective filters and can "see" intense near-infrared, appearing as a bright purple-white color. This is especially pronounced when t...
How do infrared blockers wash out an image?
{'text': 'when taking pictures of subjects near IR-bright areas (such as near a lamp)', 'answer_start': 314}
90,643
90,301
5ad20d35d7d075001a428273
generic
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the st...
Where did the mandolin shrink in popularity?
{'text': 'in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall', 'answer_start': 311}
45,925
45,583
57108f32a58dae1900cd6a24
generic
In France, the established men of letters (gens de lettres) had fused with the elites (les grands) of French society by the mid-18th century. This led to the creation of an oppositional literary sphere, Grub Street, the domain of a "multitude of versifiers and would-be authors". These men came to London to become autho...
By what century in France had the men of letters fused with the elites?
{'text': 'mid-18th century', 'answer_start': 124}
77,344
77,002
57279b65ff5b5019007d90da
generic
In January 1938, Milt Gabler started recording for his new label, Commodore Records, and to allow for longer continuous performances, he recorded some 12-inch records. Eddie Condon explained: "Gabler realized that a jam session needs room for development." The first two 12-inch recordings did not take advantage of the ...
On which label did Frank Sinatra release his recording of Soliloquy?
{'text': "Columbia's Masterwork label", 'answer_start': 1645}
125,414
125,072
573269d2b9d445190005eb04
generic
The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by ar...
What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?
{'text': '20th century and contemporary art', 'answer_start': 56}
54,819
54,477
572644675951261400b5196d
generic
In the aftermath of the First World War, Greece attempted further expansion into Asia Minor, a region with a large native Greek population at the time, but was defeated in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, contributing to a massive flight of Asia Minor Greeks. These events overlapped, with both happening during the G...
In what time period did the genocide of Greeks take place?
{'text': '1914-1922', 'answer_start': 335}
16,160
15,818
56e1a6d1cd28a01900c67a63
generic
H2 is a product of some types of anaerobic metabolism and is produced by several microorganisms, usually via reactions catalyzed by iron- or nickel-containing enzymes called hydrogenases. These enzymes catalyze the reversible redox reaction between H2 and its component two protons and two electrons. Creation of hydroge...
What is the natural cycle of hydrogen production and consumption by organisms called?
{'text': 'hydrogen cycle', 'answer_start': 505}
41,331
40,989
5a2abad95b078a001a2f06d7
generic
Many Sanskrit dramas also indicate that the language coexisted with Prakrits, spoken by multilingual speakers with a more extensive education. Sanskrit speakers were almost always multilingual. In the medieval era, Sanskrit continued to be spoken and written, particularly by learned Brahmins for scholarly communication...
What trait in the enlightened era did most Sanskrit speakers pocess?
{'text': 'multilingual', 'answer_start': 180}
47,398
47,056
5a8ced20fd22b3001a8d9034
generic
Sleep does not affect acquisition or recall while one is awake. Therefore, sleep has the greatest effect on memory consolidation. During sleep, the neural connections in the brain are strengthened. This enhances the brain’s abilities to stabilize and retain memories. There have been several studies which show that slee...
What is the role of the neocortex whe it relates to muscles?
{'text': 'reviews and processes memories, which moves them into long-term memory', 'answer_start': 828}
78,861
78,519
5ad25659d7d075001a428d63
generic
Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, ...
Who remembered Dominic as a sour fellow?
{'text': 'St. Cecilia', 'answer_start': 213}
21,855
21,513
56e8f4ab0b45c0140094cd93
generic
Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sin...
What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey?
{'text': 'Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School', 'answer_start': 0}
73,521
73,179
5ad41a2c604f3c001a4004b1
generic
During a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni during the 2003–04 academic year, two prominent black professors at the institution—Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates—pointed out an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard. They stated that only about a third of ...
Other than the reasons for the under representation of Asian Americans, what else is still up for debate?
{'text': 'possible remedies', 'answer_start': 1004}
41,261
40,919
5a2aeb5c5b078a001a2f074e
generic
Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese wor...
What languages have been influenced through the spread of Hindi texts?
{'text': 'Sino-Tibetan languages', 'answer_start': 29}
80,507
80,165
5a6908a28476ee001a58a9f2
generic
Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi), consisting of the South Park and the West Park. By relying on the city sub-center, which is under construction, the South Park is focusing on creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology with scientific and technological innova...
Which industries do both sides give priority to?
{'text': 'three major industries i.e. electronic information, biomedicine and precision machinery', 'answer_start': 730}
23,919
23,577
56f839d9a6d7ea1400e174cf
generic
In the years after Tito's death up to nowadays, some people have disputed his identity. Tito's personal doctor, Aleksandar Matunović, wrote a book about Tito in which he also questioned his true origin, noting that Tito's habits and lifestyle could only mean that he was from an aristocratic family. Serbian journalist V...
What was the name of Tito's personal doctor?
{'text': 'Aleksandar Matunović', 'answer_start': 112}
129,890
129,548
573452bb879d6814001ca51c
generic
Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over...
How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?
{'text': 'over $700 million', 'answer_start': 351}
47,810
47,468
5ad2c590d7d075001a42a194
generic
Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave blood in him." He later claime...
Who accused people of attacking Barack Obama more than Michelle Obama?
{'text': 'Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr.', 'answer_start': 85}
13,839
13,497
5a29992203c0e7001a3e181b
generic
From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Polit...
What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding supported?
{'text': 'the Kemp-Kasten Amendment', 'answer_start': 530}
31,271
30,929
57098452ed30961900e84268
generic
Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was an 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park. A 6–3 loss in 1953 to Hungary, was their second defeat by a foreign team at Wembley. In the return match in Budapest, Hungary won 7–1. This still stands as England's worst ever defea...
In what year did England suffer their first defeat at home to a foreign team?
{'text': '1949', 'answer_start': 115}
68,690
68,348
572714d2708984140094d977
generic
Cancer is now common in developing countries. According to a study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "In the developing world, cancers of the liver, stomach and esophagus were more common, often linked to consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods, such as smoked or salted food, and parasitic infecti...
What were cancers such as liver cancer or stomach cancer found to have a link to?
{'text': 'consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods', 'answer_start': 223}
40,247
39,905
570c695efed7b91900d459c0
generic
Tensions between John and the barons had been growing for several years, as demonstrated by the 1212 plot against the king. Many of the disaffected barons came from the north of England; that faction was often labelled by contemporaries and historians as "the Northerners". The northern barons rarely had any personal st...
Who was appointed justiciar?
{'text': 'Peter des Roches', 'answer_start': 855}
48,144
47,802
571ced8fdd7acb1400e4c1ab
generic
By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extra...
What was the trade name of epinephrine?
{'text': 'Adrenalin', 'answer_start': 891}
40,231
39,889
570c6790fed7b91900d459ad
generic
John inherited a sophisticated system of administration in England, with a range of royal agents answering to the Royal Household: the Chancery kept written records and communications; the Treasury and the Exchequer dealt with income and expenditure respectively; and various judges were deployed to deliver justice arou...
What did John inherit in England?
{'text': 'sophisticated system of administration', 'answer_start': 17}
109,077
108,735
5ace165632bba1001ae49a80
generic
In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus. The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities. The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20,...
On what date was construction completed on Ridgley?
{'text': 'October 20, 1900', 'answer_start': 309}
111,047
110,705
5ace953032bba1001ae4aaf2
generic
The reinforcement type defines two major classes of materials - woven and non-woven. Woven reinforcements are cheaper, but the high dielectric constant of glass may not be favorable for many higher-frequency applications. The spatially nonhomogeneous structure also introduces local variations in electrical parameters, ...
The high diode constant of glass may not be favorable for what?
{'text': 'many higher-frequency applications', 'answer_start': 186}
57,318
56,976
5726db0d5951b619008f8011
generic
Seeking national reconciliation between revolutionaries and Catholics, the Concordat of 1801 was signed on 15 July 1801 between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII. It solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status. The hostility of devout Catholics against the st...
What is the name of the 1801 document that aimed for reconcilliation between revolutionaries and Catholics?
{'text': 'the Concordat of 1801', 'answer_start': 71}
17,092
16,750
5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a4
generic
On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio...
How many people approved the National Communications Act?
{'text': 'unanimously', 'answer_start': 38}
102,436
102,094
5731914c497a881900249049
generic
Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear ...
What sort of virus did Gaddafi describe HIV as?
{'text': 'peaceful', 'answer_start': 185}
77,426
77,084
5727bc0b3acd2414000deaef
generic
The commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these formats would ultimately ...
Which company lost the "War of the Speeds"?
{'text': 'RCA', 'answer_start': 453}
121,366
121,024
5731703a05b4da19006bd179
generic
In parts of Italy, which were under eastern artistic influences, like Sicily and Venice, mosaic making never went out of fashion in the Middle Ages. The whole interior of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice is clad with elaborate, golden mosaics. The oldest scenes were executed by Greek masters in the late 11th century bu...
The majority of the mosaics in Venice were created by who?
{'text': 'local artists', 'answer_start': 363}
106,069
105,727
572f6f7004bcaa1900d76955
generic
Some important texts were created and studied by scholars. Philosophical works written by Yang Xiong (53 BC – 18 AD), Huan Tan (43 BC – 28 AD), Wang Chong (27–100 AD), and Wang Fu (78–163 AD) questioned whether human nature was innately good or evil and posed challenges to Dong's universal order. The Records of the Gra...
What was the name of Ban Biao's female offspring?
{'text': 'Ban Zhao', 'answer_start': 569}
66,849
66,507
5726d4285951b619008f7f45
generic
Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate). The Head of Stat...
What church's religion does 19.4% of the Samoan population practice?
{'text': 'Roman Catholic', 'answer_start': 101}
27,264
26,922
56f9e9738f12f3190062ffe9
generic
People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.
For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?
{'text': 'tree-ring widths', 'answer_start': 213}
63,858
63,516
57269a03708984140094cb5a
generic
The Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who "regretted" that he "had but one life to lose" for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1...
What turned into the goal of the student body?
{'text': 'winning the big game', 'answer_start': 763}
7,152
6,810
56d62e521c85041400946f9e
generic
The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.
An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans?
{'text': 'the brain', 'answer_start': 156}
115,358
115,016
5733766ed058e614000b5b61
generic
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucia...
What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?
{'text': 'modernization and industrialization', 'answer_start': 214}
94,886
94,544
572b7df5f75d5e190021fe0d
generic
Zinc chloride is often added to lumber as a fire retardant and can be used as a wood preservative. It is also used to make other chemicals. Zinc methyl (Zn(CH3) 2) is used in a number of organic syntheses. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is used in luminescent pigments such as on the hands of clocks, X-ray and television screens, a...
Where is zinc pyrithion used?
{'text': 'antifouling paints.', 'answer_start': 506}
33,802
33,460
5709a8ad200fba1400368225
generic
The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was ...
How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census?
{'text': 'by owner', 'answer_start': 471}
40,153
39,811
570c5dbbfed7b91900d45940
generic
In September 1216 John began a fresh, vigorous attack. He marched from the Cotswolds, feigned an offensive to relieve the besieged Windsor Castle, and attacked eastwards around London to Cambridge to separate the rebel-held areas of Lincolnshire and East Anglia. From there he travelled north to relieve the rebel siege ...
Where did John march from?
{'text': 'Cotswolds', 'answer_start': 75}
130,047
129,705
5736328f6c16ec1900b929a1
generic
On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play ...
What act was signed in 1934?
{'text': 'Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act', 'answer_start': 61}
88,076
87,734
5acfbb8277cf76001a685b0e
generic
On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg...
What happens without the Brussels special position?
{'text': 'has a number of political issues', 'answer_start': 436}
115,198
114,856
573352f9d058e614000b585c
generic
A second problem with materialism is that it obscures the importance of relations. It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects. Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things. The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fu...
What is another issue that Whitehead had with materialism?
{'text': 'it obscures the importance of relations', 'answer_start': 42}
89,355
89,013
572878f12ca10214002da3ad
generic
Blair announced in September 2006 that he would quit as leader within the year, though he had been under pressure to quit earlier than May 2007 in order to get a new leader in place before the May elections which were expected to be disastrous for Labour. In the event, the party did lose power in Scotland to a minority...
Who was Blair replaced by?
{'text': 'his Chancellor, Gordon Brown', 'answer_start': 456}
121,597
121,255
5a538ca4bdaabd001a3866de
generic
The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations...
Who lectured onAvicenna for metaphysics?
{'text': 'Professors', 'answer_start': 339}
105,269
104,927
57304c5e8ab72b1400f9c3fe
generic
On 13 March, the upper Clyde port of Clydebank near Glasgow was bombed. All but seven of its 12,000 houses were damaged. Many more ports were attacked. Plymouth was attacked five times before the end of the month while Belfast, Hull, and Cardiff were hit. Cardiff was bombed on three nights, Portsmouth centre was devast...
How many houses were spared damage in Glasgow?
{'text': 'seven', 'answer_start': 80}
91,688
91,346
5728b510ff5b5019007da51d
generic
Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of...
In what year did Paris host the World Cup?
{'text': '2007', 'answer_start': 435}
74,614
74,272
5a6fe0258abb0b001a675fea
generic
Alsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the second round of the ...
Alsace is anti- what?
{'text': 'EU', 'answer_start': 706}
77,749
77,407
57277d935951b619008f8b43
generic
TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's rati...
In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?
{'text': '1968', 'answer_start': 249}
124,063
123,721
57324734e99e3014001e662f
generic
Confer With the White House. If his or her party controls the White House, the minority leader confers regularly with the President and his aides about issues before Congress, the Administration's agenda, and political events generally. Strategically, the role of the minority leader will vary depending on whether the P...
What was Robert Michel's role as minority leader?
{'text': 'point man" for Republican presidents', 'answer_start': 583}
129,188
128,846
573449cf879d6814001ca49b
generic
As of 2015 a variety of murals from internationally recognized street artists have appeared throughout the city as a result of the efforts of Art Whino and RVA Magazine with The Richmond Mural Project and the RVA Street Art Festival. Artists who have produced work in the city as a result of these festivals include ROA,...
Along with Hamilton Glass and El Kamino, who is a mural artist local to Richmond?
{'text': 'Nils Westergard', 'answer_start': 484}
59,909
59,567
5a7cc2c9e8bc7e001a9e1fd2
generic
Due to many centuries of intensive settlement, most of the area is shaped by human influence. The original natural vegetation of Thuringia is forest with beech as its predominant species, as can still be found in the Hainich mountains today. In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural. However, most ...
What has been the aim for the Thuringian forests since 1970?
{'text': 'more natural and tough vegetation', 'answer_start': 513}
105,897
105,555
5a87c33f19b91f001a626d95
generic
Fluids cannot generally be pulled, so a vacuum cannot be created by suction. Suction can spread and dilute a vacuum by letting a higher pressure push fluids into it, but the vacuum has to be created first before suction can occur. The easiest way to create an artificial vacuum is to expand the volume of a container. Fo...
What does fluid push into the lungs?
{'text': 'air', 'answer_start': 518}
119,451
119,109
573143ba497a881900248d26
generic
One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ...
What is an example of a night vision needed area?
{'text': 'astronomy observatories', 'answer_start': 561}
81,676
81,334
5a39a8772f14dd001ac72539
generic
Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (1918–1933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie (cultural sociology). Cultural sociology was then "reinvented" in the English-speaking world as a product of the "cultural turn" of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmod...
Which sociologists tend to accept scientific methods?
{'text': 'Cultural', 'answer_start': 478}
76,835
76,493
5a7f934a48f7d9001a0637b7
generic
In India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authori...
What does Article 414 of the Constitution of India say?
{'text': 'the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India', 'answer_start': 158}
65,329
64,987
5726994b708984140094cb4d
generic
The art historian Douglas Cooper states that Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne "were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907". Cooper goes on to say: "The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exagge...
Is it true that the first Cubist picture is The Demoiselles?
{'text': 'although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist.', 'answer_start': 332}
29,983
29,641
5706e5579e06ca38007e91fd
generic
Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board shown, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, "Marven Gardens". The misspelling was said to have been introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made Monopoly board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence Parker Brothers. It was not ...
Whose game did Parker Brothers model the board game after?
{'text': 'Charles Darrow', 'answer_start': 266}
103,208
102,866
5731d33de17f3d1400422457
generic
In 2004 he was admitted as knight of the Légion d'honneur by president Jacques Chirac. On July 15, 2006, Spielberg was also awarded the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Summer Gala of the Chicago International Film Festival, and also was awarded a Kennedy Center honour on December 3. The tribute to Spielberg...
Where was Spielberg honored on Dec 3, 2006?
{'text': 'Kennedy Center', 'answer_start': 259}
79,216
78,874
5727bd3d4b864d1900163c00
generic
Later the emphasis was on classical studies, dominated by Latin and Ancient History, and, for boys with sufficient ability, Classical Greek. From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened: for example, there are now more than 100 students of Chinese, which is a non-curriculum course....
How many current students take Chinese courses at Eaton?
{'text': 'more than 100', 'answer_start': 252}
5,070
4,728
56d0f47a17492d1400aab69a
generic
Raised in Chicago, West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread comme...
What was Kanye West's first job title after art school?
{'text': 'producer', 'answer_start': 79}
68,631
68,289
572702dddd62a815002e979d
generic
Plants uptake essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air (consisting of mainly nitrogen and oxygen) through their leaves. Green plants obtain their carbohydrate supply from the carbon dioxide in the air by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other...
What is the process called in which plants gather nutrients from the soil around their roots?
{'text': 'cation exchange', 'answer_start': 402}
68,219
67,877
5acd554207355d001abf3d81
generic
During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, perform...
What year did the North Carolina Symphony fail?
{'text': '1932', 'answer_start': 212}
40,719
40,377
5ad560785b96ef001a10ad18
generic
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs runni...
What is the name of the software that Apple introduced for running Windows 98?
{'text': 'Boot Camp', 'answer_start': 1040}
40,052
39,710
570c5164b3d812140066d0ea
generic
During John's early years, Henry attempted to resolve the question of his succession. Henry the Young King had been crowned King of England in 1170, but was not given any formal powers by his father; he was also promised Normandy and Anjou as part of his future inheritance. Richard was to be appointed the Count of Poit...
What was John's nickname?
{'text': 'Lackland', 'answer_start': 513}
117,983
117,641
57312e3305b4da19006bce5f
generic
The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the 2011 fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisted in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006. In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m3/d desalination plant an...
As aprt of what program did Japan fund a new desalination plant at Tuvalu?
{'text': 'Pacific Environment Community', 'answer_start': 365}
49,682
49,340
5724e70a0ba9f01400d97bb6
generic
Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to ...
Who replaced Derby when he resigned in 1868?
{'text': 'Benjamin Disraeli', 'answer_start': 435}
105,237
104,895
573043c6a23a5019007fd027
generic
Directive 23 was the only concession made by Göring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of...
What was the concession Goring made with the strategic bombing against Britain?
{'text': 'Directive 23', 'answer_start': 0}
65,260
64,918
5ad0fded645df0001a2d0993
generic
The Houses of Parliament in London by Sir Charles Barry with interiors by a major exponent of the early Gothic Revival, Augustus Welby Pugin, is an example of the Gothic revival style from its earlier period in the second quarter of the 19th century. Examples from the High Victorian Gothic period include George Gilbert...
Who was the cook of the Houses of Parliament?
{'text': 'Augustus Welby Pugin', 'answer_start': 120}
15,159
14,817
5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4b
generic
American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour....
Which outlet did news supplements find success in?
{'text': 'New York World', 'answer_start': 127}
76,017
75,675
57278e79f1498d1400e8fc08
generic
The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expecte...
Who was the German translator that Darwin welcomed for On the Origin of Species?
{'text': 'Heinrich Georg Bronn,', 'answer_start': 440}
124,209
123,867
57323009e17f3d14004226f7
generic
Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 3...
When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded?
{'text': '1717', 'answer_start': 333}
48,771
48,429
5acfa37777cf76001a6856a2
generic
Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia. Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his fa...
Who dispatched an army to help the opposition movements?
{'text': 'Yazid', 'answer_start': 369}
21,231
20,889
56e82da500c9c71400d775f5
generic
In addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true "dialects" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual intelligibility. T...
What language family does Eastern Lombard belong to?
{'text': 'Gallo-Italic', 'answer_start': 1086}
38,486
38,144
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e2
generic
A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D scor...
How is the start vaule determined?
{'text': 'e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements', 'answer_start': 72}
121,079
120,737
573173d8497a881900248f0b
generic
The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to t...
Where does Egypt rank for Religious freedom according to Pew Forum?
{'text': 'fifth worst', 'answer_start': 59}
54,174
53,832
5726c83fdd62a815002e9012
generic
By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. ...
How did the 187 Airborne Regimental Combat Team prevent North Korean leaders from fleeing?
{'text': 'cut the road north going to China', 'answer_start': 780}
67,211
66,869
5ad14d10645df0001a2d1675
generic
Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power g...
What is the main example of a RC power source?
{'text': 'batteries', 'answer_start': 215}
79,312
78,970
5727d52c3acd2414000deda9
generic
In recent years, the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae (October 2009) as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (May 2010), The Cherry Orchard (February 2011), Joseph K (October 2011), Cyrano de Bergerac (May 2012), Macbeth (October 2012), London Assurance (May 2013) and ...
Who are cast in Eton's female roles in their productions?
{'text': 'girls from surrounding schools', 'answer_start': 421}
86,264
85,922
5ad34a47604f3c001a3fdc7f
generic
PlayStation Home is a virtual 3D social networking service for the PlayStation Network. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be groomed realistically. Users can edit and decorate their personal apartments, avatars or club houses with free, premium or won content. Users can shop for new items or win pr...
What doesn't Sony call their social network?
{'text': 'PlayStation Home', 'answer_start': 0}
22,641
22,299
5ad4a97f5b96ef001a109d3f
generic
As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro. Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million w...
What ended in 1878?
{'text': 'World War I', 'answer_start': 676}
90,548
90,206
5ad25596d7d075001a428d3e
generic
Such a theory would be true with higher probability, because it cannot be attacked so easily: to falsify the first one, it is sufficient to find that the sun has stopped rising; to falsify the second one, one additionally needs the assumption that the given day has not yet been reached. Popper held that it is the least...
Who supported positivism?
{'text': 'Popper', 'answer_start': 288}
76,096
75,754
5727c29e2ca10214002d959f
generic
Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provi...
What is Darwin's belief about the accumulation of adaptive variations?
{'text': 'the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation.', 'answer_start': 533}
25,951
25,609
56f984649b226e1400dd14f4
generic
A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of abo...
Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?
{'text': 'the suprachiasmatic nucleus', 'answer_start': 41}
30,529
30,187
5706ab2075f01819005e7cec
generic
House also had an influence of relaying political messages to people who were considered to be outcasts of society. The music appealed to those who didn't fit into mainstream American society and was especially celebrated by many black males. Frankie Knuckles once said that the Warehouse club in Chicago was like "churc...
Who did House relay political messages to?
{'text': 'outcasts of society', 'answer_start': 95}
95,291
94,949
572997743f37b319004784c8
generic
The Serbo-Croatian dialects differ not only in the question word they are named after, but also heavily in phonology, accentuation and intonation, case endings and tense system (morphology) and basic vocabulary. In the past, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects were spoken on a much larger territory, but have been replaced...
What is morphology to a language?
{'text': 'tense system', 'answer_start': 164}
99,398
99,056
572b5e0834ae481900deadd8
generic
In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since. Because Guam is also part of the U.S. Postal System (postal abbreviation: GU, ZIP code range: 96910–96932),...
Which three major companies do not consider Guam as domestic when shipping is involved?
{'text': 'FedEx, UPS, and DHL', 'answer_start': 456}
84,778
84,436
5a6117cfe9e1cc001a33cee4
generic
John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months. He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter's Square below, celebrated by Luigi Traglia. After he died, his brow was ritually tapped...
When did John XXIII pray at Luigi Traglia's tomb?
{'text': 'On 22 June 1963', 'answer_start': 655}
35,787
35,445
570aa9644103511400d598f1
generic
On October 31, 2013, after outcry from media outlets, including heavy criticism from Nick Bilton of The New York Times, the FAA announced it will allow airlines to expand the passengers use of portable electronic devices during all phases of flight, but mobile phone calls will still be prohibited. Implementation will ...
Where must devices be put during actual takeoff and landing?
{'text': 'seat-back pocket', 'answer_start': 529}
2,316
1,974
56cd67e662d2951400fa6586
generic
Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increas...
How much of the market did iPod claim as of January 2007?
{'text': '72.7%', 'answer_start': 441}
51,614
51,272
5725cd0a89a1e219009abeed
generic
As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to ...
what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do
{'text': 'Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education', 'answer_start': 138}
34,926
34,584
5ad253a8d7d075001a428d1e
generic
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha...
What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano not pay any attention to?
{'text': 'work', 'answer_start': 191}
115,946
115,604
5ad499c5ba00c4001a268d22
generic
Windows Store apps run within a new set of APIs known as Windows Runtime, which supports programming languages such as C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript. If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows...
What programming languages does Windows Downtime work with?
{'text': 'C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript', 'answer_start': 119}
13,287
12,945
56df5a4d8bc80c19004e4aef
generic
Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area. Based on population rank, the metropolitan area was the 42nd largest in the nation as of 2012.
What is Oklahoma's largest urbanized area?
{'text': 'Oklahoma City', 'answer_start': 0}