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Caray had lively discussions with commentator Steve Stone, who was hand-picked by Harry himself, and producer Arne Harris. Caray often playfully quarreled with Stone over Stone's cigar and why Stone was single, while Stone would counter with poking fun at Harry being "under the influence." Stone disclosed in his book "...
Who did Harry hand-pick himself?
{'text': 'Steve Stone', 'answer_start': 46}
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Doctrinal development has had an important place in the restoration of the Preachers. Several institutions, besides those already mentioned, played important parts. Such is the Biblical school at Jerusalem, open to the religious of the order and to secular clerics, which publishes the Revue Biblique. The faculty of the...
What Benedictine founded the Revue Thomiste?
{'text': 'Père Thomas Coconnier', 'answer_start': 773}
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Brasília (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziljɐ]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília and its metro (encom...
What Portugese District is the capital of Brazil?
{'text': 'Brasília', 'answer_start': 0}
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The compression works by reducing the accuracy of certain parts of a sound that are considered to be beyond the auditory resolution ability of most people. This method is commonly referred to as perceptual coding. It uses psychoacoustic models to discard or reduce precision of components less audible to human hearing, ...
The targetting focuses on what aspect that is beyond the ability of most people?
{'text': 'auditory resolution', 'answer_start': 112}
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On September 27, 2010, Public Safety Canada partnered with STOP.THINK.CONNECT, a coalition of non-profit, private sector, and government organizations dedicated to informing the general public on how to protect themselves online. On February 4, 2014, the Government of Canada launched the Cyber Security Cooperation Prog...
How are people protected online?
{'text': 'a coalition of non-profit, private sector, and government organizations dedicated to informing the general public on how to protect themselves online', 'answer_start': 79}
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Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as "Monopoly City") has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlant...
What is Atlantic City sometimes referred to?
{'text': 'Monopoly City', 'answer_start': 41}
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Besides their traditional areas of inhabitation in Greater Somalia, a Somali community mainly consisting of entrepreneurs, academics, and students also exists in Egypt. In addition, there is an historical Somali community in the general Sudan area. Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate commun...
In what province of South Africa do Somalis congregate?
{'text': 'Western Cape', 'answer_start': 640}
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The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in exces...
What is copra?
{'text': 'dried coconut meat', 'answer_start': 40}
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Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian...
How long is Thuringian primary school banned?
{'text': 'four years', 'answer_start': 342}
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Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the s...
Which era does the USA Enterprise belong to?
{'text': 'World War II', 'answer_start': 214}
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Borders Books, started in Ann Arbor, was opened by brothers Tom and Louis Borders in 1971 with a stock of used books. The Borders chain was based in the city, as was its flagship store until it closed in September 2011. Domino's Pizza's headquarters is near Ann Arbor on Domino's Farms, a 271-acre (110 ha) Frank Lloyd W...
What book store opened in 1917?
{'text': 'Borders Books', 'answer_start': 0}
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The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards.The Romans made a fine green earth pigment, which was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyon, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities. They also used the pigm...
What Roman cities hosted Venus' gardens?
{'text': 'Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyon, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities', 'answer_start': 226}
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The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter Cooper's Cooper Union Foundation building in New York began in 1853. An elevator shaft was included in the design, because Cooper was confident that a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented. The shaft was cylindrical beca...
What year did constructrion begin for the Cooper Union Foundation?
{'text': '1853', 'answer_start': 154}
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Over 600,000 students are enrolled in New York City's over 120 higher education institutions, the highest number of any city in the United States, including over half million in the City University of New York (CUNY) system alone in 2014. In 2005, three out of five Manhattan residents were college graduates, and one ou...
What fraction of Manhattan residents graduated from college?
{'text': 'three out of five', 'answer_start': 248}
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Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ...
How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray?
{'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 89}
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The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere...
Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?
{'text': 'Taimyr', 'answer_start': 606}
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In the Papal States, which existed until 1870, Jews were required to live only in specified neighborhoods called ghettos. In the 19th and (before the end of World War II) 20th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between "good antisemitism" and "bad antisemitism". The "bad" kind promoted hatred...
Where were Jews required to live outside of in the Papal States?
{'text': 'specified neighborhoods called ghettos', 'answer_start': 82}
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The skeleton consists of very lightweight bones. They have large air-filled cavities (called pneumatic cavities) which connect with the respiratory system. The skull bones in adults are fused and do not show cranial sutures. The orbits are large and separated by a bony septum. The spine has cervical, thoracic, lumbar a...
What are large air-filled cavities that connect to the respiratory system?
{'text': 'pneumatic cavities', 'answer_start': 93}
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The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of...
What is the purpose of antibiotic treatment?
{'text': 'survive high doses of antibiotics', 'answer_start': 299}
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Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop pos...
What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?
{'text': 'hide their respective orientations from their spouses', 'answer_start': 247}
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After losing an extra-inning game in Game 1, the Cubs rallied and took a 3 games to 1 lead over the Wild Card Florida Marlins in the NLCS. Florida shut the Cubs out in Game 5, but young pitcher Mark Prior led the Cubs in Game 6 as they took a 3–0 lead into the 8th inning and it was at this point when a now-infamous inc...
Who hit the foul ball that several spectators attempted to catch?
{'text': 'Luis Castillo', 'answer_start': 403}
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The Story of the Kelly Gang, the world's first feature film, was shot in Melbourne in 1906. Melbourne filmmakers continued to produce bushranger films until they were banned by Victorian politicians in 1912 for the perceived promotion of crime, thus contributing to the decline of one of the silent film era's most produ...
What was the world's first feature film?
{'text': 'The Story of the Kelly Gang', 'answer_start': 0}
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Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fr...
What does a wavelet do?
{'text': 'fractal compression', 'answer_start': 318}
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The exact relationship between these eight groups is not yet clear, although there is agreement that the first three groups to diverge from the ancestral angiosperm were Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales. The term basal angiosperms refers to these three groups. Among the rest, the relationship between the...
What do some eudicots indicate diverged first?
{'text': 'magnoliids', 'answer_start': 429}
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Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismi...
Which government filed a request to change their constitution?
{'text': 'Hesse state', 'answer_start': 186}
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On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ...
What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?
{'text': 'Russian Constitution of 1918', 'answer_start': 339}
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The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's...
What does the Supervisory Board discuss at it's meetings?
{'text': 'discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks', 'answer_start': 45}
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In the revival movement France held a foremost place, owing to the reputation and convincing power of the orator, Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire (1802–1861). He took the habit of a Friar Preacher at Rome (1839), and the province of France was canonically erected in 1850. From this province were detached the province of...
What year did Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire take the habit of a Friar Preacher in Paris?
{'text': '1839', 'answer_start': 205}
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Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-la...
When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet?
{'text': 'World War II', 'answer_start': 167}
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The city council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg
What country is Salzburg in?
{'text': 'Austrian', 'answer_start': 147}
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Mexico City remains the only Latin American city to host the Olympic Games, having held the Summer Olympics in 1968, winning bids against Buenos Aires, Lyon and Detroit. (This too will change thanks to Rio, 2016 Summer Games host). The city hosted the 1955 and 1975 Pan American Games, the last after Santiago and São Pa...
What are the main arenas for Lucha Libre?
{'text': 'Arena México and Arena Coliseo', 'answer_start': 553}
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The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a...
What did the Imperial Chinese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?
{'text': "the world's first successful ship-launched air raid", 'answer_start': 537}
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The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast Anatolia and settlements of the middle Anatolia bas...
What is the name of one of the biggest prehistoric settlements in the Near East?
{'text': 'Ain Ghazal', 'answer_start': 546}
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There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals. A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes. The next week, Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated.
How many finalists were there on season eight of American Idol?
{'text': '13', 'answer_start': 11}
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Because rebroadcast transmitters were not planned to be converted to digital, many markets stood to lose over-the-air coverage from CBC or Radio-Canada, or both. As a result, only seven of the markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline were planned to have both CBC and Radio-Canada in digital, and 13 ot...
Did Barrie, Ontario lose signal for CBC, Radio-Canada, or both?
{'text': 'both', 'answer_start': 792}
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Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which b...
When did trade between people become common?
{'text': '2004', 'answer_start': 339}
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In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the p...
What does a detrivore have a direct impact on while its trying to mature?
{'text': 'the prey population', 'answer_start': 1024}
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Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed] The city, state and Yale together run Science Park, a large site three blocks northwest of Yale's Science Hill campus. This multi-block site, app...
In addition to Yale employees and financial services, companies in what industry can currently be found in the functioning areas Science Park?
{'text': 'biotech', 'answer_start': 740}
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Jews are often identified as belonging to one of two major groups: the Ashkenazim and the Sephardim. Ashkenazim, or "Germanics" (Ashkenaz meaning "Germany" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their German Jewish cultural and geographical origins, while Sephardim, or "Hispanics" (Sefarad meaning "Spain/Hispania" or "Iberi...
Name one major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to.
{'text': 'Ashkenazim', 'answer_start': 71}
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Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional ...
Which Irish-American punk band uses Mandolins?
{'text': 'Dropkick Murphys', 'answer_start': 191}
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Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. Wh...
Where was Victorias mother assigned to die?
{'text': 'a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace', 'answer_start': 238}
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Since these problems surfaced, Microsoft has attempted to modify the console to improve its reliability. Modifications include a reduction in the number, size, and placement of components, the addition of dabs of epoxy on the corners and edges of the CPU and GPU as glue to prevent movement relative to the board during ...
How did Microsoft attempt to deal with potential heat-related expansion with GPU and CPU components?
{'text': 'dabs of epoxy on the corners and edges', 'answer_start': 205}
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The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; French: République centrafricaine pronounced: [ʁepyblik sɑ̃tʁafʁikɛn], or Centrafrique [sɑ̃tʀafʁik]) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic...
What is the land area of Chad?
{'text': '620,000 square kilometres', 'answer_start': 439}
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The majority of British Jews live in London, with significant Jewish communities in Stamford Hill, Stanmore, Golders Green, Finchley, Hampstead, Hendon and Edgware in North London. Bevis Marks Synagogue in the City of London is affiliated to London's historic Sephardic Jewish community. It is the only synagogue in Euro...
For how long has the Bevis Marks Synagogue in London been conducting religious services continuously?
{'text': 'over 300 years', 'answer_start': 372}
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In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan i...
Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church?
{'text': 'Anjiro', 'answer_start': 160}
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The Late Middle Ages in Europe as a whole correspond to the Trecento and Early Renaissance cultural periods in Italy. Northern Europe and Spain continued to use Gothic styles, which became increasingly elaborate in the 15th century, until almost the end of the period. International Gothic was a courtly style that reach...
Who produced most of the Hispano-Moresque pottery?
{'text': 'Mudéjar potters', 'answer_start': 847}
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On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.
Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree?
{'text': 'Gorbachev', 'answer_start': 61}
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Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usuall...
On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced?
{'text': 'emergency', 'answer_start': 328}
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The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, an independent judiciary and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990...
Until what year did Sam Nujoma serve as President of Namibia?
{'text': '1994', 'answer_start': 565}
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New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the postwar period brought rapid industrial decline; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were hit particularly hard. Simultaneously, the growth and expansion of Yale University fur...
What percentage of New Haven's economy is based in services grounded in health care and education?
{'text': '56%', 'answer_start': 372}
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Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
Despite the reduced bandwith, SDTV format still had to be distributed how?
{'text': 'satellite', 'answer_start': 269}
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Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both ...
In what year was the first image of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ found?
{'text': '842', 'answer_start': 589}
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Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of...
In what year did Eisenhower's presidency begin?
{'text': '1953', 'answer_start': 196}
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The campus is home to several museums containing exhibits from many different fields of study. BYU's Museum of Art, for example, is one of the largest and most attended art museums in the Mountain West. This Museum aids in academic pursuits of students at BYU via research and study of the artworks in its collection. Th...
Which BYU building is one of the most attended art museus in the Mountain West?
{'text': 'Museum of Art', 'answer_start': 101}
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Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ...
When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?
{'text': 'during the period of German rule', 'answer_start': 313}
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The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of ...
When did Thuringii emerge?
{'text': 'the Migration Period', 'answer_start': 94}
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Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelida...
What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive?
{'text': 'Camouflage', 'answer_start': 0}
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The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located...
Where is the FBI Academy?
{'text': 'Quantico, Virginia', 'answer_start': 28}
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Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys.
What specific form of bullying did the survey show was most common?
{'text': 'verbal', 'answer_start': 158}
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During the rule of the succeeding Hanoverian dynasty, power was gradually exercised more by parliament and the government. The first Hanoverian monarch, George I, relied on his ministers to a greater extent than did previous monarchs. Later Hanoverian monarchs attempted to restore royal control over legislation: George...
Who was the first ruler during this dynasty?
{'text': 'George I', 'answer_start': 153}
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The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japa...
Is Thailand treated differently than other Axis countries?
{'text': 'the same way', 'answer_start': 428}
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Presbyterianism is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland (after the Anglican Church of Ireland),[citation needed] and was brought by Scottish plantation settlers to Ulster who had been strongly encouraged to emigrate by James VI of Scotland, later James ...
What did Ulster bring t o Scottish plantation settlers?
{'text': 'Presbyterianism', 'answer_start': 0}
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Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at ...
What was hede redd the original term for?
{'text': 'redhead', 'answer_start': 264}
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The NES uses a custom-made Picture Processing Unit (PPU) developed by Ricoh. All variations of the PPU feature 2 kB of video RAM, 256 bytes of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store the positions, colors, and tile indices of up to 64 sprites on the screen, and 28 bytes of on-die palette RAM to allow selection ...
The system has how many colors available on it?
{'text': '48', 'answer_start': 558}
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These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu...
What term referred to a set of temporary institutions through which power could be distributed in its use justified?
{'text': 'state', 'answer_start': 285}
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Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as...
What was the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization better known by the acronym of?
{'text': 'OTE', 'answer_start': 163}
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Again all proposals, including the request to join NATO, were rejected by UK, US, and French governments shortly after. Emblematic was the position of British General Hastings Ismay, supporter of NATO expansion, who said that NATO "must grow until the whole free world gets under one umbrella." He opposed the request to...
The USSR's request to join NATO was accepted by which governments?
{'text': 'UK, US, and French', 'answer_start': 74}
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The formalist definition is that the history of "literature" foregrounds poetic effects; it is the "literariness" or "poeticity" of literature that distinguishes it from ordinary speech or other kinds of writing (e.g., journalism). Jim Meyer considers this a useful characteristic in explaining the use of the term to me...
What element of the formalist definition makes it difficult to apply?
{'text': '"ordinary language"', 'answer_start': 652}
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The writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that "most" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., had genetics scholars w...
Who do genetic researchers claim have significant Native American heritage?
{'text': 'African Americans', 'answer_start': 54}
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Not all boys who pass the College election examination choose to become King's Scholars. If they choose instead to belong to one of the 24 Oppidan Houses, they are known as Oppidan Scholars. Oppidan scholarships may also be awarded for consistently performing with distinction in School and external examinations. To gai...
What is a King's Scholar entitled to put after their name?
{'text': 'OS', 'answer_start': 497}
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New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the postwar period brought rapid industrial decline; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were hit particularly hard. Simultaneously, the growth and expansion of Yale University fur...
What is the second largest employer in New Haven?
{'text': 'Yale – New Haven Hospital', 'answer_start': 517}
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In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol su...
Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?
{'text': 'Falangists', 'answer_start': 164}
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Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest ci...
Where is Houston ranked among the least populous cities in the US?
{'text': 'fourth', 'answer_start': 76}
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Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims,...
Which group made up the majority of granted tourist visas in 2003?
{'text': 'Asian Muslims', 'answer_start': 306}
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The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites, and is under construction as of January 2015[update]. It became operational in China in December 2011, with...
BeiDou-1 has how many satellites in use?
{'text': '10', 'answer_start': 321}
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The Polish term "szlachta" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as "nobilitas" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.
What is the legal status of nobilitas?
{'text': 'equivalent in legal status of the English nobility', 'answer_start': 235}
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Current publications in the city include the Ann Arbor Journal (A2 Journal), a weekly community newspaper; the Ann Arbor Observer, a free monthly local magazine; the Ann Arbor Independent, a locally owned, independent weekly; and Current, a free entertainment-focused alt-weekly. The Ann Arbor Business Review covers loc...
Which automobile magazines are based from Ann Arbor?
{'text': 'Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine', 'answer_start': 345}
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The treaty was published in the United States for the first time by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch on May 22, 1946, in Britain by the Manchester Guardian. It was also part of an official State Department publication, Nazi–Soviet Relations 1939–1941, edited by Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie in January 1948. The deci...
Who destroyed the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication?
{'text': 'Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie', 'answer_start': 257}
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Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collect...
Rather than a single language, what group sharing origins in Old Dutch does the term "Middle Dutch" refer to?
{'text': 'closely related dialects', 'answer_start': 345}
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Coordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the Bureau International des Poids et Mes...
Coordinative definition has how many major features?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 28}
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The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval gun...
What dramatically changed naval combat in World War II?
{'text': 'The aircraft carrier', 'answer_start': 0}
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However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn...
Who was the father of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan?
{'text': 'Abu Sufyan ibn Harb', 'answer_start': 159}
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The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was r...
In what year had the library at Notre Dame reach 10,000 books?
{'text': '1879', 'answer_start': 516}
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Darwin continued to research and extensively revise his theory while focusing on his main work of publishing the scientific results of the Beagle voyage. He tentatively wrote of his ideas to Lyell in January 1842; then in June he roughed out a 35-page "Pencil Sketch" of his theory. Darwin began correspondence about his...
Who did Darwin write his ideas to in 1842?
{'text': 'Lyell', 'answer_start': 191}
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During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease...
Who funded the Paralysis vaccine?
{'text': 'National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis', 'answer_start': 541}
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Norfolk Island has 174 native plants; 51 of them are endemic. At least 18 of the endemic species are rare or threatened. The Norfolk Island palm (Rhopalostylis baueri) and the smooth tree-fern (Cyathea brownii), the tallest tree-fern in the world, are common in the Norfolk Island National Park but rare elsewhere on the...
How many of the plants that can only be found on Norfolk Island are extinct?
{'text': '18', 'answer_start': 71}
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The current Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed Forces, is General Sir Nicholas Houghton, late Green Howards. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command.
What is the name of the person who used to be the Commander of Joint Forces Command?
{'text': 'Green Howards', 'answer_start': 130}
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The Laurentian Highlands, the Interior Plains and the Interior Highlands lie between the two coasts, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico northward, far beyond the national boundary, to the Arctic Ocean. The central plains are divided by a hardly perceptible height of land into a Canadian and a United States portion. It ...
What is the name of the three highlands that stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean?
{'text': 'Laurentian Highlands, the Interior Plains and the Interior Highlands', 'answer_start': 4}
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The battle secured the beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army on Leyte against attack from the sea, broke the back of Japanese naval power and opened the way for an advance to the Ryukyu Islands in 1945. The only significant Japanese naval operation afterwards was the disastrous Operation Ten-Go in April 1945. Kurita's forc...
What were the Leyte beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army secured from?
{'text': 'attack from the sea', 'answer_start': 74}
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Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water cloc...
What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?
{'text': 'Jewish', 'answer_start': 827}
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Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced th...
What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label?
{'text': 'Japan', 'answer_start': 489}
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The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas...
What did the Protestant church considered to be undesirable?
{'text': 'the steady drift in the date of Easter caused by the year being slightly too long', 'answer_start': 393}
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There were two distinct lines of Enlightenment thought: the radical enlightenment, inspired by the philosophy of Spinoza, advocating democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority; and a second, more moderate variety, supported by René Descartes, John Locke, Christian Wolff...
The radical enlightenment was inspired by the philosophy of whom?
{'text': 'Spinoza', 'answer_start': 113}
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The predominant school of thought in the 13th century was the Thomistic reconciliation of the teachings of Aristotle with Christian theology. The Condemnation of 1277, enacted at the University of Paris, placed restrictions on ideas that could be interpreted as heretical; restrictions that had implication for Aristotel...
On what types of ideas did the Condemnation of 1272 place restrictions?
{'text': 'heretical', 'answer_start': 262}
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Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based ...
At was age was Sandra Laing expelled from school?
{'text': 'age 10', 'answer_start': 237}
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Hydrogen can be prepared in several different ways, but economically the most important processes involve removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Commercial bulk hydrogen is usually produced by the steam reforming of natural gas. At high temperatures (1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F), steam (water vapor) reacts...
The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what?
{'text': 'hydrocarbons', 'answer_start': 131}
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In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically we...
Willam was concerned that Victoria would was being portrayed as what because of her trips to outer England?
{'text': 'his rival', 'answer_start': 449}
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Tyson Research Center is a 2,000-acre (809 ha) field station located west of St. Louis on the Meramec River. Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963. It is used by the University as a biological field station and research/education center. In 2010 the Living Learning...
In what year was the Living Learning Center established?
{'text': '1963', 'answer_start': 197}
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27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue. It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges.
Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?
{'text': 'Club Row', 'answer_start': 218}
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The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high...
In what region of Alaska is the daytime temperature above freezing during summer?
{'text': 'Southeast', 'answer_start': 15}