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San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century. The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes. In addition to dam...
When did California's smallest wildfire of the century take place?
{'text': 'October 2003', 'answer_start': 68}
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Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos...
Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary?
{'text': 'Martin Luther', 'answer_start': 8}
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When a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, "transmit on") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a...
What was the warning signal that warned TAPE that there was impending overflow?
{'text': 'handshaking', 'answer_start': 322}
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World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recessi...
What year did Greece become immune to recessions?
{'text': '2015', 'answer_start': 961}
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Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other ...
What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?
{'text': 'Zen', 'answer_start': 0}
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Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Juno...
What was very important to the polish nobility?
{'text': 'Coats of arms', 'answer_start': 0}
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The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year. Light, first-class items generally take less than a week to or from the mainland, but larger first-class or Priority items can take a week or two. Fourth-class mail, such as magazines, are transported by sea after reachin...
Which is more important when it comes to shipping speed to Guam, size or time of year?
{'text': 'time of year', 'answer_start': 85}
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The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, th...
What does UNESCO recognised Bern's city center to be?
{'text': 'a Cultural World Heritage Site', 'answer_start': 93}
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The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly re...
Who rejected war with the Soviet Union?
{'text': 'English–French war bloc', 'answer_start': 363}
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During the middle decades of the 18th century, there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent, the Carnatic Wars, as the English East India Company (the Company) and its French counterpart, the Compagnie française des Indes orientales, struggled alongside local rulers to fill the vacuum th...
What was the British Indian Army mostly composed of?
{'text': 'Indian sepoys', 'answer_start': 1005}
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Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What is a common problem in antibiotic use?
{'text': 'antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance', 'answer_start': 345}
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Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-bo...
When did Sydney Myer come to Austria?
{'text': '1899', 'answer_start': 366}
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Similar to the other Eur-A countries, most Portuguese die from noncommunicable diseases. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is higher than in the eurozone, but its two main components, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, display inverse trends compared with the Eur-A, with cerebrovascular dis...
What do most Portuguese people die from?
{'text': 'noncommunicable diseases', 'answer_start': 63}
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Other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a cen...
What helped make Boston one of the top financial cities in the US?
{'text': 'Fidelity Investments', 'answer_start': 103}
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The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gathere...
Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?
{'text': 'human hunter-gatherers', 'answer_start': 300}
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Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts. The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality). The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which ...
How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Saxue Mountains?
{'text': '24,790 ft', 'answer_start': 476}
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South America became linked to North America through the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive marsupial faunas. The formation of the Isthmus had major consequences on global temperatures, since warm equatorial ocean currents were cut off and an Atlantic co...
What completely ended South America's marsupial faunas?
{'text': '. The formation of the Isthmus', 'answer_start': 174}
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The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, an obsolete term for the Swiss, which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of S...
Where did the name Switzer originate from?
{'text': 'the Alemannic Schwiizer', 'answer_start': 267}
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In 2010, the G.R. N'Namdi Gallery opened in a 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m2) complex in Midtown. Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex. The Detroit Historical Society provides information about tours of area...
Where is the Detroit Zoo?
{'text': 'Royal Oak', 'answer_start': 501}
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IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such as business intelligence, data analytics, business continuity, security, clou...
What did the operating margin for hard disk drive producers expand to in 2013?
{'text': '24.3%', 'answer_start': 495}
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Dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war was growing with the public in the UK and in other countries, aggravated by reports of fiascos, especially the humiliating defeat of the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava. On Sunday, 21 January 1855, a "snowball riot" occurred in Trafalgar Square near St....
What position did Lord Palmerston previously hold before becoming a Prime Minister?
{'text': 'Foreign Secretary', 'answer_start': 1069}
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Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site and that they should have subpoenaed Internet Archive for the pages directly. An employee of Internet Archive filed a sworn statement supporting Chordiant's motion, however, stating that it could not produce the web pag...
Who filed a sworn statement supporting Netubla's motion?
{'text': 'An employee of Internet Archive', 'answer_start': 179}
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The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń an...
How is Polish used in the literary standard?
{'text': 'unused', 'answer_start': 492}
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The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes (through French). Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 13) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived ...
What languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp?
{'text': 'Celtic languages', 'answer_start': 265}
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In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countr...
When was peace achieved in Northern Ireland?
{'text': '20 March 2008', 'answer_start': 435}
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Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with up to US$234 million worth of exports each year. Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan.
Which one of the world's largest chocolate makers is stationed in Manhattan?
{'text': 'Godiva', 'answer_start': 194}
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Terrestrial annelids can be invasive in some situations. In the glaciated areas of North America, for example, almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas, primarily from Europe, and, more recently, from As...
What type of forests can be hurt by invasive worms?
{'text': 'Northern hardwood forests', 'answer_start': 324}
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An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r...
How are non-LED filaments used?
{'text': 'low cost decorative alternative', 'answer_start': 200}
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The two major types of nonprofit organization are membership and board-only. A membership organization elects the board and has regular meetings and the power to amend the bylaws. A board-only organization typically has a self-selected board, and a membership whose powers are limited to those delegated to it by the boa...
What is a further constraint of an NPO, depending on their legal structure?
{'text': 'financial benefit as far as distribution of profit to its members/directors is concerned', 'answer_start': 1638}
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iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an unclutt...
Which other Apple product does the iPod Touch share an interface and OS with?
{'text': 'iPhone', 'answer_start': 1084}
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Plant responses to climate and other environmental changes can inform our understanding of how these changes affect ecosystem function and productivity. For example, plant phenology can be a useful proxy for temperature in historical climatology, and the biological impact of climate change and global warming. Palynolog...
How can climate changes be determined from soil?
{'text': 'fossil pollen deposits in sediments', 'answer_start': 339}
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Salts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+ 2 (unstable), and UO2+ 2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US exist for ...
What state is represented by the UO2+ 2 ion?
{'text': 'uranium(VI)', 'answer_start': 549}
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It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems fo...
What scan format is also included in MBAFF?
{'text': '1440×1152 HDMAC', 'answer_start': 33}
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The Soviet Union challenged the legitimacy of the war for several reasons. The ROK Army intelligence upon which Resolution 83 was based came from U.S. Intelligence; North Korea was not invited as a sitting temporary member of the UN, which violated UN Charter Article 32; and the Korean conflict was beyond the UN Charte...
What type of vote is required for the Security Council to commit to military action in Korea.
{'text': 'unanimous vote', 'answer_start': 559}
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After the formal end of Reconstruction, the struggle over power in Southern society continued. Through violence and intimidation against freedmen and their allies, White Democrats regained political power in Tennessee and other states across the South in the late 1870s and 1880s. Over the next decade, the state legisla...
What is the name for laws dating from the late-19th century which promoted segregation?
{'text': 'Jim Crow laws', 'answer_start': 855}
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The hole walls for boards with two or more layers can be made conductive and then electroplated with copper to form plated-through holes. These holes electrically connect the conducting layers of the PCB. For multi-layer boards, those with three layers or more, drilling typically produces a smear of the high temperatu...
What do the hole walls in two-layer PCBs have to be before they can be electroplated?
{'text': 'conductive', 'answer_start': 62}
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Czech distinguishes three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into animate and inanimate. With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in -a, -e, or -ost; neuter nouns in -o, -e, or -í, and masculine nouns in a consonant. Adjectives agree in gender and animac...
What is the main effect of consonants in Czech?
{'text': 'the difference in noun and adjective declension', 'answer_start': 475}
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The A38 dual-carriageway runs from east to west across the north of the city. Within the city it is designated as 'The Parkway' and represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the generally more recent suburban areas. Heading east, it connects Plymouth to the M5 motorway about 40 miles (65 km) away ...
What is the A38 called inside the city of Plymouth?
{'text': 'The Parkway', 'answer_start': 115}
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In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black. On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her body into the coffin. She was dressed in a white dress ...
How was Victoria dressed for burial?
{'text': 'a white dress and her wedding veil', 'answer_start': 306}
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The reinforcement type defines two major classes of materials - woven and non-woven. Woven reinforcements are cheaper, but the high dielectric constant of glass may not be favorable for many higher-frequency applications. The spatially nonhomogeneous structure also introduces local variations in electrical parameters, ...
The reinforcement type defines which two minor classes of materials?
{'text': 'woven and non-woven', 'answer_start': 64}
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The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations...
What types of subjects did the universities of Bolonga focus on?
{'text': 'arts and theology', 'answer_start': 699}
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Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which...
What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union?
{'text': 'trial', 'answer_start': 499}
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The Gothic vault, unlike the semi-circular vault of Roman and Romanesque buildings, can be used to roof rectangular and irregularly shaped plans such as trapezoids. The other structural advantage is that the pointed arch channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle. This enabled architects to ...
What structural benefit is offered by the Gothic vault?
{'text': 'channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle', 'answer_start': 221}
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Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a bra...
What computer language lost popularity as a result of the looping problem?
{'text': 'SQL', 'answer_start': 304}
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In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist. This has been generally affirmed throughout the whole Eastern Orthodox Church. The Orthodox critique of Freem...
What would happen if someone in the Greek Orthodox Church saw a Freemason?
{'text': 'constitutes an act of apostasy', 'answer_start': 82}
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The Bell Telephone Company was created in 1877, and by 1886, more than 150,000 people in the U.S. owned telephones. Bell Company engineers made numerous other improvements to the telephone, which emerged as one of the most successful products ever. In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon micr...
What addition let people stop yelling into the telephone?
{'text': 'carbon microphone', 'answer_start': 309}
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At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ...
A surplus of resources can be accumulated by any member in which societies?
{'text': 'nomadic hunting and gathering societies', 'answer_start': 170}
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Many contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another fissile isotope...
What can't be turned into plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor?
{'text': 'Uranium-238', 'answer_start': 160}
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However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited o...
Who was amused in Whitehead's books but still interested?
{'text': 'Mathews', 'answer_start': 9}
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Hirsch held the opinion that Judaism demands an application of Torah thought to the entire realm of human experience, including the secular disciplines. His approach was termed the Torah im Derech Eretz approach, or "neo-Orthodoxy". While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews ...
What studies were not encouraged by Hirsch?
{'text': 'secular studies', 'answer_start': 398}
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With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network centred on Melbourne an...
What was one of the major agricultural products of Victoria around 1860?
{'text': 'wool', 'answer_start': 190}
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The earliest known avialan fossils come from the Tiaojishan Formation of China, which has been dated to the late Jurassic period (Oxfordian stage), about 160 million years ago. The avialan species from this time period include Anchiornis huxleyi, Xiaotingia zhengi, and Aurornis xui. The well-known early avialan, Archae...
Avian species such as Anchiornis huxleyi and Xiaotingia zhengi are from which time period?
{'text': 'late Jurassic period', 'answer_start': 108}
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Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem...
Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power and hydropower is feasible by what year?
{'text': '2030', 'answer_start': 218}
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Some sections of the state feature architectural styles including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style. It has the largest collection of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne buildings in both the United States and the entire world, most of which are located in the Miami metropolitan area, esp...
What type of buildings are not found in the Miami Metropolitan area?
{'text': 'Streamline Moderne buildings', 'answer_start': 182}
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Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of ...
How long have scientists focused on an elementary-particle view?
{'text': 'much of the history', 'answer_start': 364}
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Throughout his presidency, Eisenhower adhered to a political philosophy of dynamic conservatism. A self-described "progressive conservative," he continued all the major New Deal programs still in operation, especially Social Security. He expanded its programs and rolled them into a new cabinet-level agency, the Departm...
What New deal program did Eisenhower particularly support?
{'text': 'Social Security', 'answer_start': 218}
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The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, (both built as such c. 1720), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate Hous...
Which Oppidan Houses did not change from their original 1720 names?
{'text': "Godolphin House, Jourdelay's", 'answer_start': 29}
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His birthday (14 December 1895) was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Prince Albert, the Prince Consort. Uncertain of how the Prince Consort's widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been "rather distressed". Two...
On what date did the Prince of Wales write to the Duke of York?
{'text': '14 December 1895', 'answer_start': 14}
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The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts ...
How many rural districts are in Bremen?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 478}
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During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, ca...
Which film is only available with its original score in LD format , even today?
{'text': 'The Electric Horseman', 'answer_start': 893}
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The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla...
What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born?
{'text': 'Red Sea', 'answer_start': 53}
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The Díaz administration made political decisions and took legal measures that allowed the elite throughout Mexico to concentrate the nation's wealth by favoring monopolies. During this time, two-fifths of the state's territory was divided among 17 rich families which owned practically all of the arable land in Chihuahu...
This state grew at a rapid pace during the Porfiriato.
{'text': 'Chihuahua', 'answer_start': 400}
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"The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month...
Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions?
{'text': 'elites', 'answer_start': 137}
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In the late 1980s, Nu Groove Records prolonged, if not launched the careers of Rheji Burrell & Rhano Burrell, collectively known as Burrell (after a brief stay on Virgin America via Timmy Regisford and Frank Mendez), along with basically every relevant DJ and Producer in the NY underground scene. The Burrell's are resp...
What label launched the careers of DJ?
{'text': 'Nu Groove Record', 'answer_start': 507}
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Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year.
What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?
{'text': '40%', 'answer_start': 31}
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Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981. The population density is 1.4 persons per hectare, which can be compared to 2.07 persons per hectare for the South West region. Within the county, population densi...
What is the national UK unemployment rate?
{'text': '6.4%', 'answer_start': 62}
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Madonna also began work on her thirteenth studio album, with collaborators including Avicii, Diplo and Natalia Kills. In December 2014, thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet. She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had "changed...
When was Rebel Heart released?
{'text': 'March 10, 2015', 'answer_start': 382}
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The word "insect" comes from the Latin word insectum, meaning "with a notched or divided body", or literally "cut into", from the neuter singular perfect passive participle of insectare, "to cut into, to cut up", from in- "into" and secare "to cut"; because insects appear "cut into" three sections. Pliny the Elder intr...
In what year is it typically reported that the word insect was first documented in English?
{'text': '1601', 'answer_start': 583}
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In January, Japan invaded Burma, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and captured Manila, Kuala Lumpur and Rabaul. After being driven out of Malaya, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the Battle of Singapore but surrendered to the Japanese on 15 February 1942; about 13...
How many Allied prisoners did Japan take after the Battle of Singapore?
{'text': 'about 130,000', 'answer_start': 312}
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Humbert is at the center of ascetic writers in the Dominican Order. In this role, he added significantly to its spirituality. His writings are permeated with "religious good sense," and he used uncomplicated language that could edify even the weakest member. Humbert advised his readers, "[Young Dominicans] are also to ...
What did Humbert tell Dominican students to not concentrate on?
{'text': 'miracles', 'answer_start': 373}
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The word phonology (as in the phonology of English) can also refer to the phonological system (sound system) of a given language. This is one of the fundamental systems which a language is considered to comprise, like its syntax and its vocabulary.
What part of a language can phonology as a word also refer to?
{'text': 'the phonological system', 'answer_start': 70}
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The influence of Old Norse certainly helped move English from a synthetic language along the continuum to a more analytic word order, and Old Norse most likely made a greater impact on the English language than any other language. The eagerness of Vikings in the Danelaw to communicate with their southern Anglo-Saxon ne...
What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?
{'text': 'the Danelaw', 'answer_start': 259}
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Matrix groups consist of matrices together with matrix multiplication. The general linear group GL(n, R) consists of all invertible n-by-n matrices with real entries. Its subgroups are referred to as matrix groups or linear groups. The dihedral group example mentioned above can be viewed as a (very small) matrix group....
The general linear group describes all possible what?
{'text': 'rotations in n dimensions', 'answer_start': 417}
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Japanese seismologist Yuji Yagi at the University of Tsukuba said that the earthquake occurred in two stages: "The 155-mile Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections, the first one ripping about seven yards, followed by a second one that sheared four yards." His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minute...
Why did the seismic waves travel so far?
{'text': 'firmness of the terrain', 'answer_start': 736}
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In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After...
Destiny's Child's final album was named what?
{'text': 'Destiny Fulfilled', 'answer_start': 513}
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During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal pries...
What was the name of the royalist who captured Hidalgo?
{'text': 'Ignacio Elizondo', 'answer_start': 1057}
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During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site. The decision was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which called the court ruling "a setback to privacy rights". In Ju...
What happened to Viacom's lawsuit in 2010?
{'text': 'rejected in a summary judgment', 'answer_start': 365}
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Satyagraha, an opera by Philip Glass, uses texts from the Bhagavad Gita, sung in Sanskrit. The closing credits of The Matrix Revolutions has a prayer from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The song "Cyber-raga" from Madonna's album Music includes Sanskrit chants, and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light, which ...
What is the source of the theme song of Battlestar Galactica?
{'text': 'Rigveda', 'answer_start': 643}
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From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were als...
What did the Pecheneg frequently not do over the span of two centuries?
{'text': 'sporadic raids into the lands of Rus', 'answer_start': 126}
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The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of ...
What is the most heavily forested region in Rajasthan?
{'text': 'Vagad', 'answer_start': 455}
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Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substan...
What two levels of crime are there?
{'text': 'felonies and misdemeanors', 'answer_start': 44}
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To accommodate the ruling in Hopwood v. Texas banning any use of race in school admissions, the State of Texas passed a law guaranteeing entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class. Florida and California have also replaced racial quotas with class rank and other criteri...
Other than Texas and Florida, which other state replaced racial quotas?
{'text': 'California', 'answer_start': 243}
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The Lancashire economy relies strongly on the M6 motorway which runs from north to south, past Lancaster and Preston. The M55 connects Preston to Blackpool and is 11.5 miles (18.3 km) long. The M65 motorway from Colne, connects Burnley, Accrington, Blackburn to Preston. The M61 from Preston via Chorley and the M66 star...
What road connects Preston to Blackpool?
{'text': 'The M55', 'answer_start': 118}
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A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstr...
Who's court did Avicenna join?
{'text': 'Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi', 'answer_start': 573}
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While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify ...
What process was used for manufacturing tool steel until the nineteenth century?
{'text': "Huntsman's", 'answer_start': 1014}
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As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast S...
How long did it take to tow the Kulluk to Washington state?
{'text': 'two-month', 'answer_start': 567}
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BYU's stated mission "is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life." BYU is thus considered by its leaders to be at heart a religious institution, wherein, ideally, religious and secular education are interwoven in a way that encourages the highest standards in both areas. This weaving of the...
BUY is considered by its leaders to be what?
{'text': 'a religious institution', 'answer_start': 149}
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Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced t...
Where does each word usually have primary stress in English?
{'text': 'on its first syllable', 'answer_start': 389}
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Note that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal cities, not all la...
whats is another name for polish landed gentry?
{'text': '(ziemianie or ziemiaństwo', 'answer_start': 35}
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Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.
Who always suffers throughout samsara?
{'text': 'Sentient beings', 'answer_start': 0}
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Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as County Hall tower, which was, at one time the tallest building in Ireland until being superseded by another Cork City building: The Elysian. Across the river from County Hall is Ireland...
What is the longest building in Cork?
{'text': "Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital", 'answer_start': 367}
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The Unicode Roadmap Committee (Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler) maintain the list of scripts that are candidates or potential candidates for encoding and their tentative code block assignments on the Unicode Roadmap page of the Unicode Consortium Web site. For some scripts on the Roadmap, such as Jurche...
What proposal has been made for the Mayan script?
{'text': 'no proposal has yet been made', 'answer_start': 488}
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Undergraduate BSBA students take 40–60% of their courses within the business school and are able to formally declare majors in eight areas: accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, healthcare management, marketing, managerial economics and strategy, organization and human resources, international business, and operations...
How many majors are available to students in the business school at Washington University?
{'text': 'eight', 'answer_start': 127}
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Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended af...
How much did it cost each company in season 7?
{'text': '35 million', 'answer_start': 173}
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The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50...
How many people in Spain and France are Spanish speakers?
{'text': 'over 40 million', 'answer_start': 407}
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Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs runni...
What is the name of the software that Apple introduced for running Windows XP?
{'text': 'Boot Camp', 'answer_start': 1040}
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In the Al-Burhan (On Demonstration) section of The Book of Healing, Avicenna discussed the philosophy of science and described an early scientific method of inquiry. He discusses Aristotle's Posterior Analytics and significantly diverged from it on several points. Avicenna discussed the issue of a proper methodology fo...
What philosopher did Avicenna discuss in his The Book of Healing text?
{'text': 'Aristotle', 'answer_start': 179}
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Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What is one issue that can arise from overuse of predictions?
{'text': 'overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance.', 'answer_start': 220}
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Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The modern Greek state was created in 18...
When was the Greek state of modern times birthed into exsistence ?
{'text': 'The modern Greek state was created in 1829,', 'answer_start': 280}
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Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for example because of negl...
According to rule of law who is not subject to the law?
{'text': 'law makers', 'answer_start': 72}