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Contemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and requires the help o...
What is contemporary humanism upset about?
{'text': 'capacity of people', 'answer_start': 61}
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The agglomeration of Kathmandu has not yet been officially defined. The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small ...
What is another term for VDCs?
{'text': 'villages', 'answer_start': 428}
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The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.
Who presides over an impeachment trial?
{'text': 'The Chief Justice', 'answer_start': 0}
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Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects ...
What does varmint hunting achieve?
{'text': 'selective control of pests', 'answer_start': 176}
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Facial hair in males normally appears in a specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 to 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of...
For how long does facial hair continue to get darker, coarser, and thicker?
{'text': '2–4 years after puberty', 'answer_start': 842}
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The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from h...
How did the removal of wolves from Yellowstone affect beaver habitats?
{'text': 'habitat became territory for grazing.', 'answer_start': 436}
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One question that is crucial in cognitive neuroscience is how information and mental experiences are coded and represented in the brain. Scientists have gained much knowledge about the neuronal codes from the studies of plasticity, but most of such research has been focused on simple learning in simple neuronal circuit...
What has none of the research on memories revolved around?
{'text': 'simple learning in simple neuronal circuits', 'answer_start': 278}
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Providing sufficient base drive current is a key problem in the use of bipolar transistors as switches. The transistor provides current gain, allowing a relatively large current in the collector to be switched by a much smaller current into the base terminal. The ratio of these currents varies depending on the type of ...
What determines how much collector current there is?
{'text': 'the resistor', 'answer_start': 450}
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In the United States and elsewhere in the world, there has been a marked rise in the evangelical wing of Protestant denominations, especially those that are more exclusively evangelical, and a corresponding decline in the mainstream liberal churches. In the post–World War I era, Liberal Christianity was on the rise, an...
What type of evangelical churches are the most popular?
{'text': 'those that are more exclusively evangelical', 'answer_start': 142}
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At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefi...
The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip?
{'text': 'V2 rockets', 'answer_start': 551}
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The Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 196...
During which time frame were most grandes ecoles relocated?
{'text': '1960s and 1970s', 'answer_start': 317}
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Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a...
When did Europeans begin less intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works?
{'text': 'after the Renaissance', 'answer_start': 151}
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According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995.
In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?
{'text': '1995', 'answer_start': 244}
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Other notable places include Elizabeth Fort, the Cork Opera House, Christ Church on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay and Fitzgerald's Park to the west of the city, which contains the Cork Public Museum. Other popula...
Where is St Mary's Dominican Church?
{'text': 'Popes Quay', 'answer_start': 211}
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By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pom...
In what city did a generation of French art students study that propelled neoclassical architecture and incorporation broader styles?
{'text': 'Rome', 'answer_start': 540}
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Santa Monica is featured in the video games True Crime: Streets of LA (2003), Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines (2004), Grand Theft Auto San Andreas (2004) as a fictional district - Santa Maria Beach, Destroy All Humans! (2004), Tony Hawk's American Wasteland (2005), L.A. Rush (2005), Midnight Club: Los Angeles (200...
What video game featured Santa Monica in 2015?
{'text': 'Need for Speed', 'answer_start': 512}
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In past times, mending was an art. A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the tear was practically invisible. When the raw material – cloth – was worth more than labor, it made sense to expend labor in saving it. Today clothing is considered a c...
Why did it make sense to spend time fixing cloth?
{'text': 'worth more than labor', 'answer_start': 221}
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The ban on figurative depiction was not taken so seriously by the Jews living in Byzantine Gaza. In 1966 remains of a synagogue were found in the ancient harbour area. Its mosaic floor depicts King David as Orpheus, identified by his name in Hebrew letters. Near him were lion cubs, a giraffe and a snake listening to hi...
The mosaic found in 1966 depicts who as the central figure?
{'text': 'King David as Orpheus', 'answer_start': 193}
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After the war, Operation Glory was conducted from July to November 1954, to allow combatant countries to exchange their dead. The remains of 4,167 U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps dead were exchanged for 13,528 KPA and PVA dead, and 546 civilians dead in UN prisoner-of-war camps were delivered to the South Korean govern...
What was the point of Operation Glory?
{'text': 'to allow combatant countries to exchange their dead', 'answer_start': 73}
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Melbourne has a highly diversified economy with particular strengths in finance, manufacturing, research, IT, education, logistics, transportation and tourism. Melbourne houses the headquarters for many of Australia's largest corporations, including five of the ten largest in the country (based on revenue), and four of...
Which company is the world's largest mining company?
{'text': 'BHP Billiton', 'answer_start': 391}
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The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states – including the Maratha Empire – which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, whi...
What was the richest of all the dynasties?
{'text': 'The Mughals', 'answer_start': 0}
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Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually...
What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod?
{'text': 'third-party', 'answer_start': 393}
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Red is the international color of stop signs and stop lights on highways and intersections. It was standarized as the international color at the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968. It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime (next to orange), though it is less visible at twilight...
Red is the color of stoplights due to its universal affiliation with what?
{'text': 'danger and warning', 'answer_start': 579}
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As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them. They would study pictures of her and come to think that she resembled poet Anne Sexton and Hollywood actresses. This would later raise Madonna's interest in poetry, with Sylvia Plath ...
Who is Madonna's favorite poet?
{'text': 'Sylvia Plath', 'answer_start': 307}
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The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization. The first c...
What was a mixed-race woman raised as a black woman in her black father's household called?
{'text': 'tragic octoroon', 'answer_start': 19}
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Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "...
What mission did Kino found?
{'text': 'Mission San Xavier del Bac', 'answer_start': 102}
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As the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES’s dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the Super Famicom (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside...
What year did Nintendo officially discontinue the NES?
{'text': '1995', 'answer_start': 923}
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In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near-infrared spectrum. Digital cameras often use infrared blockers. Cheaper digital cameras and camera phones have less effective filters and can "see" intense near-infrared, appearing as a bright purple-white color. This is especially pronounced when t...
What is a recent development in infrared photography?
{'text': 'terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.', 'answer_start': 784}
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Barcelona is one of the most supported teams in the world, and has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona's players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (11), as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7). In 2010, the club made history when thre...
How amny of Barcelona's players were picked as the three best players of the year in 2010?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 316}
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Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
What much the primary effect of a law both advance and inhibit?
{'text': 'religion', 'answer_start': 467}
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Although Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. "The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowledge of God." Rel...
What did Ottoman madaris have that was different to modern American schools?
{'text': 'wide range of studies', 'answer_start': 1976}
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Geothermal power capacity grew from around 1 GW in 1975 to almost 10 GW in 2008. The United States is the world leader in terms of installed capacity, representing 3.1 GW. Other countries with significant installed capacity include the Philippines (1.9 GW), Indonesia (1.2 GW), Mexico (1.0 GW), Italy (0.8 GW), Iceland (...
What was the geothermal capacity in 1985?
{'text': '1 GW', 'answer_start': 43}
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With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares ...
What state does it border to the west?
{'text': 'Idaho', 'answer_start': 527}
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Noted 19th-century mosaics include those by Edward Burne-Jones at St Pauls within the Walls in Rome. Another modern mosaic of note is the world's largest mosaic installation located at the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, located in St. Louis, Missouri. A modern example of mosaic is the Museum of Natural History statio...
The Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis holds the largest what?
{'text': 'mosaic installation', 'answer_start': 154}
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A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. Th...
The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what?
{'text': 'low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation', 'answer_start': 561}
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London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the ma...
The majority of air traffic utilizes how many of the airports in and around London?
{'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 177}
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In the year 2000, according to a study by American Association of University Professors (AAUP), affirmative action promoted diversity within colleges and universities. This has been shown to have positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students as well as the teaching of faculty members....
Who supposedly suffers no detrimental effects from classroom diversity?
{'text': 'Caucasian students', 'answer_start': 510}
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It was during this decade that vocal house became firmly established, both in the underground and as part of the pop market, and labels such as Defected Records, Roule and Om were at the forefront of championing the emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation...
Defected Records was at the forefront of what type of Roule music?
{'text': 'vocal house', 'answer_start': 31}
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By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to a...
By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
{'text': '1975', 'answer_start': 3}
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Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.
What can information access when used?
{'text': 'file systems', 'answer_start': 168}
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Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.
What document details the role and abilities given to the prime minister of the Czech Republic?
{'text': 'constitution', 'answer_start': 17}
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The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China. The Governor of Zhejiang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinat...
What type of party-government system are all governing institutions in Mainland China?
{'text': 'dual', 'answer_start': 44}
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In Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Students take a range ...
What program is being installed in madrasahs outside of Singapore?
{'text': 'International Baccalaureate', 'answer_start': 781}
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Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision "with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island". If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald". Be...
Since 1983, who has had power to enact measures?
{'text': 'the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod', 'answer_start': 12}
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While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled...
What is the largest European-American race in Montana?
{'text': 'German', 'answer_start': 69}
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Another major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or in the future, prospective memory. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory. In contrast, prospective memory is memory for ...
What are some catgories of retrospective memory?
{'text': 'semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory', 'answer_start': 226}
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A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a c...
What is gaining in popularity among Anokha?
{'text': 'A cappella', 'answer_start': 0}
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Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send mis...
Who did Constantine and Methodius lead to Central Europe?
{'text': 'a tribe of Slavs', 'answer_start': 29}
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In June 2014, state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a news story further characterizing Windows 8 as a threat to national security. The story featured an interview with Ni Guangnan, who stated that operating systems could aggregate "sensitive user information" that could be used to "understand the...
What is the name of the Chinese social network?
{'text': 'Sina Weibo', 'answer_start': 875}
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In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon's remains to France. On 15 December 1840, a state funeral was held. The hearse proceeded from the Arc de Triomphe down the Champs-Élysées, across the Place de la Concorde to the Esplanade des Invalides and then to the cupola in St Jérôme'...
At what location did the hearse carrying Napoleon's remains begin its procession?
{'text': 'the Arc de Triomphe', 'answer_start': 176}
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During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac...
What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents?
{'text': 'different beginnings of the year', 'answer_start': 519}
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Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clie...
How does increased bandwidth differ from point-to-point calls?
{'text': 'serve individuals, not groups', 'answer_start': 144}
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While it is possible to write computer programs as long lists of numbers (machine language) and while this technique was used with many early computers, it is extremely tedious and potentially error-prone to do so in practice, especially for complicated programs. Instead, each basic instruction can be given a short nam...
Computer programs that are long lists of numbers are called what?
{'text': 'machine language', 'answer_start': 74}
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According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen...
What other factor along with the forceful relocation of political opponents does the the CPPCG cite in the interpretation of non-killings?
{'text': 'preventing births', 'answer_start': 404}
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During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique". When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diff...
Why was Howard Dean proud of his non-graduating class?
{'text': 'first class to have women in it', 'answer_start': 688}
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Brasília has also been the focus of modern-day literature. Published in 2008, The World In Grey: Dom Bosco's Prophecy, by author Ryan J. Lucero, tells an apocalypticle story based on the famous prophecy from the late 19th century by the Italian saint Don Bosco. According to Don Bosco's prophecy: "Between parallels 15 a...
Who wrote 'The World In Grey'?
{'text': 'Ryan J. Lucero', 'answer_start': 129}
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The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22. Since other verses of the same Psalm are cited in the crucifixion accounts, it is often considered a literary and theological creation. Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than ...
What language did Geza Vermes study while in school?
{'text': 'Aramaic', 'answer_start': 300}
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The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's ...
What brought trust between the German and Soviet governments?
{'text': "Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin", 'answer_start': 101}
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Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M...
Where did Joy Division hail from?
{'text': 'Manchester', 'answer_start': 319}
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In 1931, RCA Victor introduced their vinyl-based Victrolac compound as a material for some unusual-format and special-purpose records. By the end of the 1930s vinyl's advantages of light weight, relative unbreakability and low surface noise had made it the material of choice for prerecorded radio programming and other ...
What material was used by RCA Victor for special purpose records?
{'text': 'vinyl-based Victrolac compound', 'answer_start': 37}
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The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t...
What percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to estrogens?
{'text': '1%', 'answer_start': 203}
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At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen"...
In what year did Henry VIII establish an Office of Revels?
{'text': '1545', 'answer_start': 584}
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In his sophomore year, Kerry became the Chairman of the Liberal Party of the Yale Political Union, and a year later he served as President of the Union. Amongst his influential teachers in this period was Professor H. Bradford Westerfield, who was himself a former President of the Political Union. His involvement with ...
What secret society did Kerry join?
{'text': 'Skull and Bones Society', 'answer_start': 518}
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In 2001, a voluntary agreement called the Harkin-Engel Protocol, was accepted by the international cocoa and chocolate industry to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, as defined by ILO's Convention 182, in West Africa. This agreement created a foundation named International Cocoa Initiative in 2002. The foundati...
What happened to the 2005 deadlines?
{'text': 'have not yet been met', 'answer_start': 626}
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The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg).
When were the bells scrapped?
{'text': '1971', 'answer_start': 42}
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The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought 1992 are so large – each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide – that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn...
What did Schwarzenegger name his plan to build hydrogen refueling stations throughout California?
{'text': 'California Hydrogen Highway Network', 'answer_start': 505}
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Some powerful Polish nobles were referred to as "magnates" (Polish singular: "magnat", plural: "magnaci") and "możny" ("magnate", "oligarch"; plural: "możni"); see Magnates of Poland and Lithuania.
What is the plural version of mozny?
{'text': 'możni', 'answer_start': 151}
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The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. With the Liberals thus in disarray, Labour won 142...
Who was voted the last official leader of the Labour Party?
{'text': 'Ramsay MacDonald', 'answer_start': 506}
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Spielberg's films often deal with several recurring themes. Most of his films deal with ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances. In an AFI interview in August 2000 Spielberg commented on his interest in the possibility of extr...
Which of Spielberg's parents liked sci-fi?
{'text': 'his father', 'answer_start': 482}
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The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was b...
What name did the student body unsuccessfully try to rename the Wildcats in 1970?
{'text': 'Purple Haze', 'answer_start': 798}
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The BCG vaccine has limitations, and research to develop new TB vaccines is ongoing. A number of potential candidates are currently in phase I and II clinical trials. Two main approaches are being used to attempt to improve the efficacy of available vaccines. One approach involves adding a subunit vaccine to BCG, while...
What is added to a subunit vaccine?
{'text': 'BCG', 'answer_start': 310}
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Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have disting...
What is the separate term of art to define misappropriation of copyright?
{'text': 'The Copyright Act', 'answer_start': 612}
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Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ...
What do critics note were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified?
{'text': 'many aspects of church and state', 'answer_start': 320}
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Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoon...
Where did serious cartoons first make an appearance?
{'text': 'Europe', 'answer_start': 377}
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Frustrated by the wasted effort, and with demands for action from their citizens, the allied force decided to attack the center of Russian strength in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula. After extended preparations, the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and fought their way to a point s...
Near what sea did the allies decide to attack the Russians?
{'text': 'Black Sea', 'answer_start': 155}
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Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the works of authors s...
What language is Florentine Tuscan based on?
{'text': 'Latin', 'answer_start': 55}
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The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '9...
What chemical company is Cathie Black affiliated with?
{'text': 'Dow Chemical', 'answer_start': 453}
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According to Walter Gratzer, the study of nutrition probably began during the 6th century BC. In China, the concept of Qi developed, a spirit or "wind" similar to what Western Europeans later called pneuma. Food was classified into "hot" (for example, meats, blood, ginger, and hot spices) and "cold" (green vegetables) ...
What kind of food classification does ginger belong to?
{'text': 'hot', 'answer_start': 233}
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The SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six matching pairs of questions. ...
How many questions does the SASO contain?
{'text': '12', 'answer_start': 21}
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In a 1986 interview, Rocky Jones, the former club DJ who ran the D.J. International record label, doesn't mention Importes Etc., Frankie Knuckles, or the Warehouse by name, but agrees that "house" was a regional catch-all term for dance music, and that it was once synonymous with older disco music.
What was a regional catch-all term for rap music?
{'text': '"house"', 'answer_start': 189}
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Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn; in 1024 the fo...
What prefect wrote to Ibn Sani offering him a position?
{'text': "Abu Ya'far", 'answer_start': 29}
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Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea[clarification needed] can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be c...
What can cause inflammatory diarrhea?
{'text': 'bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems', 'answer_start': 329}
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Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Muna...
What is Estonia's highest mountain point?
{'text': 'the Suur Munamägi', 'answer_start': 307}
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49,130
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In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who c...
Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform for childbirth?
{'text': 'considered it against biblical teaching', 'answer_start': 319}
101,514
101,172
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Things were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the B...
What was the initial result of the French invasion?
{'text': "Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757", 'answer_start': 261}
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The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical poetry and the veneration of icons. One of the most loved Orthodox Akathists (i.e....
On what day does the Mother of God allow icon veneration?
{'text': 'The Sunday of Orthodoxy', 'answer_start': 473}
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Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control...
What was deer stalking with rifles originally a form of?
{'text': 'vermin control', 'answer_start': 306}
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Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight. Green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks, the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus, or ash tre...
Why were vegetal green dyes less than ideal?
{'text': 'they rapidly faded or changed color', 'answer_start': 359}
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The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states "that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the...
What normally followed the delivery of a child by a woman in Mary time period ?
{'text': 'sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth.', 'answer_start': 648}
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generic
The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May. Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season. Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday eve...
Because it is sponsored by the shareholders, what is the league officially known as?
{'text': 'Barclays Premier League', 'answer_start': 403}
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generic
In 1961, Nasser sought to firmly establish Egypt as the leader of the Arab world and to promote a second revolution in Egypt with the purpose of merging Islamic and socialist thinking. To achieve this, he initiated several reforms to modernize al-Azhar, which serves as the de facto leading authority in Sunni Islam, and...
What religious group did Nasser endeavor to reform?
{'text': 'al-Azhar', 'answer_start': 244}
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110,084
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Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation ...
When did the Dashnaktsutyun declare independence?
{'text': 'May 1918', 'answer_start': 537}
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Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismi...
On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed
{'text': 'exclusively federal matter', 'answer_start': 427}
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James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that, "Laws may be unjust, may be unwise, may be dangerous, may be destructive; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect." George Mason agreed that judges "could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with...
Who said that laws may be just, wise or dangerous?
{'text': 'James Wilson', 'answer_start': 0}
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generic
In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mothe...
Who did Bradley sell salt water taffy to for the first time?
{'text': 'a girl', 'answer_start': 239}
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New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, ...
What two things were mentioned as contributing to bringing younger Jews together in North American cities?
{'text': 'social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism"', 'answer_start': 142}
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One adaptation helping both predators and prey avoid detection is camouflage, a form of crypsis where species have an appearance that helps them blend into the background. Camouflage consists of not only color but also shape and pattern. The background upon which the organism is seen can be both its environment (e.g., ...
Ogranisms use camoflauge to blend with their habitat and what else?
{'text': 'other organisms', 'answer_start': 379}
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The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because Ga...
What company was producing the video game?
{'text': 'GateFive', 'answer_start': 109}
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Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was t...
How many ancient capitals does China have in its history?
{'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 17}
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General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Republican Army. His biggest challenge was logistics, since n...
What did Washington not do after defeating the British Army?
{'text': 'retired quietly to his farm in Virginia', 'answer_start': 1364}