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An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team spor...
What is 'a friendly' another term for?
{'text': 'exhibition game', 'answer_start': 3}
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On May 21, 2014, JPMorgan Chase announced that it was injecting $100 million over five years into Detroit's economy, providing development funding for a variety of projects that would increase employment. It is the largest commitment made to any one city by the nation's biggest bank.[citation needed] Of the $100 millio...
How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to job training?
{'text': '$12.5 million', 'answer_start': 420}
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Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only househol...
Who won season five of American Idol?
{'text': 'Taylor Hicks', 'answer_start': 626}
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From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities a...
Who was Khachkar invaded by in the 11th century?
{'text': 'Seljuk', 'answer_start': 638}
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The Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to replace them as h...
What caused Ichthyosaurs to thrive?
{'text': 'coastal shallows', 'answer_start': 210}
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Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an incre...
What happened before the 1980s?
{'text': 'complexity of buildings began to increase', 'answer_start': 24}
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The 2nd edition (1787) contained a Refutation of Idealism to distinguish his transcendental idealism from Descartes's Sceptical Idealism and Berkeley's anti-realist strain of Subjective Idealism. The section Paralogisms of Pure Reason is an implicit critique of Descartes' idealism. Kant says that it is not possible to ...
When was the second edition published?
{'text': '1787', 'answer_start': 17}
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In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and...
Who did Swaziland become a protectorate of in the 19th century?
{'text': 'British', 'answer_start': 73}
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Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large grou...
What was discovered around Neptune in 2008 and 2009?
{'text': 'five new small satellites', 'answer_start': 1068}
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At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century buildin...
What percentage of personal income was spent on housing costs in 2008?
{'text': '49.1%', 'answer_start': 476}
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In 1961, writer-editor Stan Lee revolutionized superhero comics by introducing superheroes designed to appeal to more all-ages readers than the predominantly child audiences of the medium. Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), broke convention with other comic boo...
What superhero team used secret identities?
{'text': 'The Fantastic Four', 'answer_start': 248}
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The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?
{'text': 'Finland', 'answer_start': 78}
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Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass ...
What instrument works in tandem with the drums to provide hard rock rhythms?
{'text': 'The bass guitar', 'answer_start': 388}
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Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independenc...
During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?
{'text': 'puberty', 'answer_start': 411}
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The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenu...
What museum is located in a renovated historic downtown police station?
{'text': 'The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum', 'answer_start': 0}
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According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh (Islamic jurispru...
Who did Abu Abdullah Nateli teach Fiqh to.
{'text': 'Avicenna', 'answer_start': 32}
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The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished b...
What system is used as a comprehensive layout beyond central Strasbourg?
{'text': 'the Fused Grid', 'answer_start': 965}
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The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by ar...
Who designed the Bronx Museum of the Arts' 2006 expansion?
{'text': 'Arquitectonica', 'answer_start': 546}
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As of 2008[update], geothermal power development was under way in more than 40 countries, partially attributable to the development of new technologies, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems. The development of binary cycle power plants and improvements in drilling and extraction technology may enable enhanced geothermal...
Where are demonstration eggs taking place?
{'text': 'USA, Australia, Germany, France, and The United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 457}
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The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that ...
How would it be determined who would win, in the event of an electoral tie?
{'text': 'The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population', 'answer_start': 619}
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Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usuall...
What country do weekly strips have normally occupied a single tier?
{'text': 'US', 'answer_start': 116}
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John's illness grew worse and by the time he reached Newark Castle he was unable to travel any farther; John died on the night of 18 October. Numerous – probably fictitious – accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches". His body was escorted...
When was a new sarcophagus made for him?
{'text': '1232', 'answer_start': 487}
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The term "push-pull" was established in 1987 as an approach for integrated pest management (IPM). This strategy uses a mixture of behavior-modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and abundance of insects. "Push" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected. "Pu...
What is the name of the process by which pests are attracted and repelled using IPM.
{'text': 'Push-Pull', 'answer_start': 593}
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Major League Baseball is especially well known for red teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings are the oldest professional baseball team, dating back to 1869. The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. During the...
Where did the 1896 Cincinnati Red Stockings relocate to?
{'text': 'Boston', 'answer_start': 187}
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The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust (trust). The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty," and it...
What did Warren Buffett divide the foundation into?
{'text': 'two entities', 'answer_start': 87}
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In March 2007 there were 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population. This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole.
How many jobs were there in Southampton in March of 2007?
{'text': '120,305', 'answer_start': 25}
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A commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system first established by Emp...
What individual was responsible for law and maintaining order in the county?
{'text': 'A Magistrate', 'answer_start': 507}
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After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers. The solution in 1954 was to open the Northland Center in nearby Southfield, just beyond the city limits. It was the largest suburban shopping center in the world, and quickly...
What was the Northfield Center renamed after it's purchase by another company?
{'text': "Macy's", 'answer_start': 556}
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In a FET, the drain-to-source current flows via a conducting channel that connects the source region to the drain region. The conductivity is varied by the electric field that is produced when a voltage is applied between the gate and source terminals; hence the current flowing between the drain and source is controlle...
What determines the conductivity in a FET?
{'text': 'electric field that is produced when a voltage is applied between the gate and source terminals', 'answer_start': 156}
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The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
What was the secondary aim of the Royal Institute?
{'text': 'the general advancement of Civil Architecture', 'answer_start': 82}
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Development Testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the softwa...
What method is used that involved syncopation of an application?
{'text': 'Development Testing', 'answer_start': 0}
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Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, ...
Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where can't customers check out?
{'text': 'at sales counters within each department', 'answer_start': 425}
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In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administr...
Corruption in what compromises the rule of law?
{'text': 'judiciary', 'answer_start': 247}
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Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from ...
What countries established new orders?
{'text': 'Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit', 'answer_start': 501}
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A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily liv...
Can one increase their brain efficency?
{'text': 'people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency', 'answer_start': 114}
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The Pentagon bought 25,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007 in 25 variants through rapid acquisition with no long-term plans for the platforms. The Army plans to divest 7,456 vehicles and retain 8,585. Of the total number of vehicles the Army will keep, 5,036 will be put in storage, 1,073 will be used for training, and the rem...
How many of the 25,00 vehicles does they plan on selling?
{'text': '7,456', 'answer_start': 161}
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Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interpla...
What can affect acess to food?
{'text': 'economic development', 'answer_start': 552}
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The Song dynasty reëstablished unity around 960. Under the Song, the prosperity of South China began to overtake that of North China. After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident, Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin'an. Renowned for its pros...
When was the south lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty?
{'text': '1127', 'answer_start': 189}
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The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Pui...
The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?
{'text': '1961', 'answer_start': 246}
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Fortaleza del Cerro overlooks the bay of Montevideo. An observation post at this location was first built by the Spanish in the late 18th century. In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839. It has been involved in many historical developments a...
When did construction of the fortress finish?
{'text': '1839', 'answer_start': 260}
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The first Digimon television series, which began airing on March 7, 1999 in Japan on Fuji TV and Kids Station and on August 14, 1999 in the United States on Fox Kids dubbed by Saban Entertainment for the North American English version. Its premise is a group of 7 kids who, while at summer camp, travel to the Digital Wo...
What keeps the Digimon from evolving into stronger creatures?
{'text': 'Digivices', 'answer_start': 832}
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Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an incl...
What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite?
{'text': 'for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing', 'answer_start': 49}
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On 9 July 2006, during Mass at Valencia's Cathedral, Our Lady of the Forsaken Basilica, Pope Benedict XVI used, at the World Day of Families, the Santo Caliz, a 1st-century Middle-Eastern artifact that some Catholics believe is the Holy Grail. It was supposedly brought to that church by Emperor Valerian in the 3rd cent...
What is the name of the cup that some Catholics think is the Grail?
{'text': 'Santo Caliz', 'answer_start': 146}
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The first legislation providing federal authority for regulating pesticides was enacted in 1910; however, decades later during the 1940s manufacturers began to produce large amounts of synthetic pesticides and their use became widespread. Some sources consider the 1940s and 1950s to have been the start of the "pesticid...
What might someone knowledgable about the history of pesticides call ther period of the 1940s and 1950s?
{'text': 'pesticide era', 'answer_start': 312}
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In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenc...
What act is not longer in use?
{'text': 'RICO Act', 'answer_start': 943}
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Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos...
What year did Martin Luther preach at Wittenberg?
{'text': '1854', 'answer_start': 494}
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In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who c...
When was Victoria's final child, Beatrice, born?
{'text': '1857', 'answer_start': 210}
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One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other...
In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?
{'text': '1990s', 'answer_start': 906}
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The use of alloys by humans started with the use of meteoric iron, a naturally occurring alloy of nickel and iron. It is the main constituent of iron meteorites which occasionally fall down on Earth from outer space. As no metallurgic processes were used to separate iron from nickel, the alloy was used as it was. Meteo...
Where does meteoric iron come from?
{'text': 'iron meteorites', 'answer_start': 145}
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Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest res...
Where is the American Theatre Company based?
{'text': 'Tulsa', 'answer_start': 292}
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On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio...
Who is the Somali Cabinet made up of?
{'text': 'government representatives and communications, academic and civil society stakeholders', 'answer_start': 277}
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The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ...
Where could citizens register "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak' as being their spoken language?
{'text': 'the Austro-Hungarian Empire', 'answer_start': 88}
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The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quant...
What is silk an effective substitute for in all applications?
{'text': 'paper', 'answer_start': 216}
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Naturally occurring crude asphalt/bitumen impregnated in sedimentary rock is the prime feed stock for petroleum production from "Oil sands", currently under development in Alberta, Canada. Canada has most of the world's supply of natural asphalt/bitumen, covering 140,000 square kilometres (an area larger than England),...
How much area does Canada's natural bitumen cover?
{'text': '140,000 square kilometres', 'answer_start': 264}
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In the years following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, some historians stated that human rights were suppressed in Yugoslavia under Tito, particularly in the first decade up until the Tito-Stalin split. On 4 October 2011, the Slovenian Constitutional Court found a 2009 naming of a street in Ljubljana after Tito to be un...
Where was the street named after Tito that was found unconstitutional located?
{'text': 'Ljubljana', 'answer_start': 291}
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Miami's main four sports teams are the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League, the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association, the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball, and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League. As well as having all four major professional teams, Miami is also home to the...
At what tournament in Miami is professional tennis played?
{'text': 'Sony Ericsson', 'answer_start': 378}
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Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped the economy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the prev...
What did Armenia declare a cease-fire to in 1994?
{'text': 'Nagorno-Karabakh conflict', 'answer_start': 168}
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The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama ...
What group wanted to conquer India from earliest times?
{'text': 'Muslims', 'answer_start': 109}
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The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa...
What did the British claim in 2012?
{'text': 'Queen Elizabeth Land', 'answer_start': 178}
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Further claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching. In volume 5 of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in 1788, Edward Gibbon wrote: "The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception of his virgin mother." That he w...
What has its origin in the Bible?
{'text': 'the doctrine which the church of Rome has promulgated, with so much pomp and ceremony', 'answer_start': 667}
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The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the mil...
The Paris Pacts of 1955 integrated whom into NATO?
{'text': 'West Germany', 'answer_start': 547}
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In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio...
Which group was not accused by the ECHR of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining genocide?
{'text': 'majority of legal scholars', 'answer_start': 117}
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A number of species of moths live in the Alps, some of which are believed to have evolved in the same habitat up to 120 million years ago, long before the Alps were created. Blue moths can commonly be seen drinking from the snow melt; some species of blue moths fly as high as 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The butterflies tend to...
How long have some species of moths believed to have evolved from the same habitat?
{'text': '120 million years', 'answer_start': 116}
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Modern historiography on the period has reached a consensus between the two extremes of innovation and crisis. It is now (generally) acknowledged that conditions were vastly different north and south of the Alps, and "Late Middle Ages" is often avoided entirely within Italian historiography. The term "Renaissance" is s...
What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on science?
{'text': 'the end of western religious unity', 'answer_start': 686}
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Wang and Nyima state that after the official title "Education Minister" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364) by the Yuan court, this title appeared frequently with his name in various Tibetan texts, while his Tibetan title "Degsi" (sic properly sde-srid or desi) is seldom mentioned. Wang and Nyima tak...
What title was given by the Yuan court to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen ?
{'text': 'Education Minister', 'answer_start': 52}
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In 1238, King James I of Aragon, with an army composed of Aragonese, Catalans, Navarrese and crusaders from the Order of Calatrava, laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender. Fifty thousand Moors were forced to leave. Poets such as Ibn al-Abbar and Ibn Amira mourned this exile from their beloved V...
What group did the crusaders who attacked Valencia belong to?
{'text': 'Order of Calatrava', 'answer_start': 112}
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By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ...
What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?
{'text': 'influence and territory', 'answer_start': 160}
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A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. H...
What is another term for a bare proton?
{'text': 'H+', 'answer_start': 15}
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In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime r...
Along with Venice and Pisa, what was a notable Italian maritime republic?
{'text': 'Genoa', 'answer_start': 345}
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After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before th...
What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?
{'text': '26%', 'answer_start': 465}
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The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in sma...
What approximate percentage of carbon does wood have?
{'text': '50%', 'answer_start': 86}
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The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga...
What advantage did Britain win when the European countries entered the war?
{'text': 'naval advantage', 'answer_start': 580}
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Soul and disco influenced house music, plus mixing and editing techniques earlier explored by disco, garage music and post-disco DJs, producers, and audio engineers such as Walter Gibbons, Tom Moulton, Jim Burgess, Larry Levan, Ron Hardy, M & M, and others who produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangemen...
What type of producer was Frankie Knuckles?
{'text': 'Early house producers', 'answer_start': 353}
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In The New Yorker music critic Jody Rosen described Beyoncé as "the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century..... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop." When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, "Why Beyoncé? [...] Because she made not...
Who said Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the United States?
{'text': 'Baz Luhrmann', 'answer_start': 738}
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Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and easter...
Which program facilitates the exchange students across Asia?
{'text': 'European Socrates-Erasmus Program', 'answer_start': 144}
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Cyprus suffers from a chronic shortage of water. The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased. Between 2001 and 2004, exceptionally heavy annual rainfall pushed water reserves up, with supply exceeding demand, allowing total storage i...
Why has the water supply shrunk in previous years?
{'text': 'more frequent droughts', 'answer_start': 590}
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There has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC avoids the electromagnetic radiation i...
DC can supply variable power with a single underground what?
{'text': 'wire', 'answer_start': 606}
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Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was dec...
What came into power after the war between Himachal and Sanskrit?
{'text': 'the British colonial government', 'answer_start': 149}
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An antenna lead-in is the transmission line (or feed line) which connects the antenna to a transmitter or receiver. The antenna feed may refer to all components connecting the antenna to the transmitter or receiver, such as an impedance matching network in addition to the transmission line. In a so-called aperture ante...
What can be used in place of a standard transmission line?
{'text': 'microwave antenna', 'answer_start': 577}
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These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing pow...
What is sulfate-reducing bacteria accountable for?
{'text': 'the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury', 'answer_start': 140}
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Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival. Darwin, therefore, argued that emo...
Through what process did Darwin not believe emotions developed?
{'text': 'natural selection', 'answer_start': 338}
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Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, which is home to the Philadelphia Orchestra, generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States, and t...
What is the home of the orchestra?
{'text': 'Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts', 'answer_start': 157}
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Because the nuns of the order did not preach among the people, the need to engage in study was not as immediate or intense as it was for men. They did participate, however, in a number of intellectual activities. Along with sewing and embroidery, nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church l...
What did the nuns of the Dominican order do among people?
{'text': 'preach', 'answer_start': 38}
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The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. T...
What geological record is poot in Europe?
{'text': 'The Jurassic', 'answer_start': 699}
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The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة)‎; mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, madrasah literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with th...
In French, what does madarasah mean?
{'text': 'school', 'answer_start': 562}
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Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi...
What year did Victoria stop her annual visits to Spain due to the Boer war?
{'text': '1900', 'answer_start': 221}
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Coffeehouses represent a turning point in history during which people discovered that they could have enjoyable social lives within their communities. Coffeeshops became homes away from home for many who sought, for the first time, to engage in discourse with their neighbors and discuss intriguing and thought-provoking...
Coffehouses were essential to what movement by becoming centers of free-thinking and self-discovery?
{'text': 'the Enlightenment', 'answer_start': 412}
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Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 – 16 December 1936), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (25 March 1864 – 14 January 1918), was a Sl...
Where was Josip Broz born?
{'text': 'Kumrovec', 'answer_start': 37}
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The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras...
When did the Safavid Empire peak?
{'text': '1587–1629', 'answer_start': 207}
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On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed]
Japan promised a speed of what with its open service?
{'text': '0.2 meters/second.', 'answer_start': 158}
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In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on wh...
Who did Thatcher meet with shortly after she was elected as the head of her party?
{'text': 'Hayek', 'answer_start': 151}
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Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce ...
What is Somalia's largest national business?
{'text': 'internet commerce and telephony', 'answer_start': 302}
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A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic...
How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?
{'text': '56%', 'answer_start': 775}
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The dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tientsin Massacre of 187...
Who did the Chinese lose territory to in exchange for help?
{'text': 'Russian', 'answer_start': 137}
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It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
What years was the Royal Institute issued no supplemental charters?
{'text': '1887, 1909 and 1925', 'answer_start': 89}
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The historical study of Cubism began in the late 1920s, drawing at first from sources of limited data, namely the opinions of Guillaume Apollinaire. It came to rely heavily on Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler's book Der Weg zum Kubismus (published in 1920), which centered on the developments of Picasso, Braque, Léger, and Gris....
On who's opinions were the beginnings of the this historical study of Cubism based?
{'text': 'Guillaume Apollinaire', 'answer_start': 126}
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Polabian Slavs (Wends) settled in parts of England (Danelaw), apparently as Danish allies. Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph...
When did Niklot invade Slavic lands?
{'text': '1147', 'answer_start': 473}
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The official English name of the system is BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. It is named after the Big Dipper constellation, which is known in Chinese as Běidǒu. The name literally means "Northern Dipper", the name given by ancient Chinese astronomers to the seven brightest stars of the Ursa Major constellation. Hist...
Which Satellite System is named after the Little Dipper?
{'text': 'BeiDou Navigation Satellite System', 'answer_start': 43}
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Hokkien has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories among Chinese varieties, with more consonants than Standard Mandarin or Cantonese. Vowels are more-or-less similar to that of Standard Mandarin. Hokkien varieties retain many pronunciations that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties. These include the ret...
How do Hokkien vowels compare to Standard Mandarin vowels?
{'text': 'similar', 'answer_start': 163}
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In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ...
In 1850 what dialect did Serbian and Croatian writers propose to use as a standard language?
{'text': 'Shtokavian', 'answer_start': 270}