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38,781 | 38,439 | 570c56a1b3d812140066d14a | generic | In April 2014, FIFA banned the club from buying players for the next two transfer windows following the violation of the FIFA's rules about the transfer of footballers aged under 18. A statement on FIFA's website read "With regard to the case in question, FC Barcelona has been found to be in breach of art. 19 of the Re... | What was the FIFA charge that Barcelona violated? | {'text': 'footballers aged under 18', 'answer_start': 156} |
24,008 | 23,666 | 56f954419b226e1400dd1333 | generic | Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts. | What navigation aids did the Marshall Islanders use? | {'text': 'stick charts', 'answer_start': 239} |
77,206 | 76,864 | 5a8c8c47fd22b3001a8d8a97 | generic | Some critics believe that a clear-text edition gives the edited text too great a prominence, relegating textual variants to appendices that are difficult to use, and suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves. As Shillingsburg notes, "English scholarly editions have tended to us... | What does not draw attention to alternative forms of text? | {'text': 'notes at the foot', 'answer_start': 322} |
95,769 | 95,427 | 5ace339232bba1001ae49de6 | generic | The foregoing trees, shrubs and herbs are also more widely distributed in less rich mesic forests that generally occupy coves, stream valleys and flood plains throughout the southern and central Appalachians at low and intermediate elevations. In the northern Appalachians and at higher elevations of the central and sou... | Where are the northern hardwoods the most diverse? | {'text': 'northern Appalachians and at higher elevations of the central and southern Appalachians', 'answer_start': 251} |
5,087 | 4,745 | 56cf5ee8aab44d1400b8915d | generic | At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as part of an exchange program. According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked a... | Where did Kanye and his mother relocate when he was 10? | {'text': 'Nanjing, China', 'answer_start': 48} |
32,982 | 32,640 | 5a55606b134fea001a0e1a66 | generic | While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer security. Using devices and methods such as dongles, trusted platform modules, i... | What step can increase computer security? | {'text': 'physical access', 'answer_start': 443} |
5,270 | 4,928 | 56cf776c4df3c31400b0d7ed | generic | West's fifth album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, has been noted by writers for its maximalist aesthetic and its incorporation of elements from West's previous four albums. Entertainment Weekly's Simon Vozick-Levinson perceives that such elements "all recur at various points", namely "the luxurious soul of 2004's ... | What is Kanye's fifth album titled? | {'text': 'My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy', 'answer_start': 20} |
8,864 | 8,522 | 56de5ef44396321400ee2861 | generic | Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy. | What type of economy was technical education in Venezuela intended to support? | {'text': 'middle class', 'answer_start': 274} |
128,374 | 128,032 | 5733b2e14776f41900661086 | generic | Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Eth... | What are artifacts, faunal remains and human altered landscapes the evidence of? | {'text': 'cultural and material lives of past societies', 'answer_start': 149} |
74,845 | 74,503 | 57278281708984140094df9c | generic | The King presides over a period of misrule in which conventional social rules may be broken and reckless behavior is encouraged. Festivities are held in the open air, beginning with a cercavila, a ritual procession throughout the town to call everyone to attend. Rues of masked revelers dance alongside. On Thursday Dijo... | Fat Thursday is also known as what day? | {'text': 'omelette day', 'answer_start': 371} |
66,832 | 66,490 | 5a6276a9f8d794001af1bfec | generic | In the period before German colonisation, Samoa produced mostly copra. German merchants and settlers were active in introducing large scale plantation operations and developing new industries, notably cocoa bean and rubber, relying on imported labourers from China and Melanesia. When the value of natural rubber fell dr... | What happened when the price of cocoa beans fell? | {'text': 'the New Zealand government encouraged the production of bananas', 'answer_start': 377} |
10,980 | 10,638 | 5acfb19177cf76001a6858d5 | generic | Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui... | Who agreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism? | {'text': 'postwar generation', 'answer_start': 415} |
25,788 | 25,446 | 56f977969e9bad19000a0973 | generic | 187th Street crosses Washington Heights and running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs east of Fort Washington Avenue leading to the Broadway valley. West of there, it is mostly lined... | 187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west? | {'text': 'Chittenden Avenue', 'answer_start': 92} |
26,101 | 25,759 | 56f8ebe29e9bad19000a06fc | generic | For example, The London Review of 1861 (Telford and Barber, unsigned) in reviewing several works by Rawlinson, Layard and others, defined themselves as making: | When was the London Review? | {'text': '1861', 'answer_start': 34} |
69,367 | 69,025 | 5a7d3e2970df9f001a875037 | generic | Drama is literature intended for performance. The form is often combined with music and dance, as in opera and musical theatre. A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usu... | What is a closet drama a subset of? | {'text': 'Drama', 'answer_start': 0} |
114,583 | 114,241 | 5a1376b9c8eab200188dc981 | generic | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baro... | What country continues to have a dominant influence? | {'text': 'England', 'answer_start': 739} |
7,458 | 7,116 | 56db205be7c41114004b4dc0 | generic | United States of America: The torch relay's North American leg occurred in San Francisco, California on April 9. On the day of the relay officials diverted the torch run to an unannounced route. The start was at McCovey Cove, where Norman Bellingham of the U.S. Olympic Committee gave the torch to the first torchbearer... | What is the name of the location where the relay ending event was canceled? | {'text': 'Justin Herman Plaza', 'answer_start': 400} |
12,925 | 12,583 | 5ad2e059d7d075001a42a5c1 | generic | In Japan, the term kirishitan (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories as キリシタン), from Portuguese cristão, referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the Tokugawa shogunate. Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as キリ... | How are Christians referred to in standard English today? | {'text': 'キリスト教徒, Kirisuto-kyōto or the English-derived term クリスチャン kurisuchan', 'answer_start': 318} |
86,452 | 86,110 | 5acfb3be77cf76001a685978 | generic | Under modern constitutional conventions, the sovereign acts on the advice of his or her ministers. Since these ministers most often maintain the support of parliament and are the ones who obtain the passage of bills, it is highly improbable that they would advise the sovereign to withhold assent. An exception is someti... | Ancient sovereigns acted on the advice of whom? | {'text': 'ministers', 'answer_start': 88} |
48,315 | 47,973 | 571ab9fd4faf5e1900b8ac20 | generic | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What is the speculation of the relationship between doctors and the drug industry? | {'text': 'become fully transparent.', 'answer_start': 507} |
118,821 | 118,479 | 5730f30ce6313a140071cae4 | generic | According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c... | What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian? | {'text': 'standing', 'answer_start': 358} |
125,849 | 125,507 | 5733857b4776f41900660c8b | generic | The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For i... | What rule against proprietary trading was not part of legislation passed by either the Senate or House? | {'text': 'Volcker Rule', 'answer_start': 333} |
89,542 | 89,200 | 5728b383ff5b5019007da4e1 | generic | Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of E... | Who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviets? | {'text': 'the Forest Brothers', 'answer_start': 274} |
107,243 | 106,901 | 5a7b897a21c2de001afea113 | generic | Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applicat... | Which material has the highest electron mobility? | {'text': 'aluminium gallium nitride', 'answer_start': 773} |
106,099 | 105,757 | 572f809da23a5019007fc6a7 | generic | Buddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's first known Buddhist te... | During which century were important Buddhist notions translated to Chinese? | {'text': '2nd century AD', 'answer_start': 449} |
57,597 | 57,255 | 572951c03f37b3190047823e | generic | The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfga... | Who developed the concept of a German Nation? | {'text': 'Johann Gottfried Herder', 'answer_start': 425} |
91,438 | 91,096 | 572909d51d04691400778fb8 | generic | Cladistics is another method of classification. A clade is a taxonomic group of organisms consisting of a single common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. Every creature produced by sexual reproduction has two immediate lineages, one maternal and one paternal. Whereas Carl Linnaeus established a taxonom... | What is another term for a phylogenetic tree? | {'text': 'taxonomy', 'answer_start': 424} |
6,882 | 6,540 | 56d38dcc59d6e41400146761 | generic | In Latin America, the show is broadcast and subtitled by Sony Entertainment Television. In southeast Asia, it is broadcast by STAR World every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after. In Philippines, it is aired every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after its United States telecast; from 2002 to 2007 on ABC 5... | What television network in Asia shows American Idol? | {'text': 'STAR World', 'answer_start': 126} |
92,375 | 92,033 | 57293f201d046914007791ec | generic | Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper." This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger." Bush (just as his... | What does Kerry feel Bush aliented the American people with? | {'text': 'his foreign policy', 'answer_start': 714} |
68,490 | 68,148 | 5726b2725951b619008f7ade | generic | Sometimes overlooked during his life, James Lind, a physician in the British navy, performed the first scientific nutrition experiment in 1747. Lind discovered that lime juice saved sailors that had been at sea for years from scurvy, a deadly and painful bleeding disorder. Between 1500 and 1800, an estimated two millio... | What was the name of the overlooked physician that served in the British Navy? | {'text': 'James Lind', 'answer_start': 38} |
62,590 | 62,248 | 5a818a8a31013a001a334c95 | generic | Genetically modified (GM) cotton was developed to reduce the heavy reliance on pesticides. The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) naturally produces a chemical harmful only to a small fraction of insects, most notably the larvae of moths and butterflies, beetles, and flies, and harmless to other forms of life. The g... | What bacterium is used to produce larvae cotton? | {'text': 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'answer_start': 105} |
30,834 | 30,492 | 57070ba69e06ca38007e930d | generic | As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters lik... | Although there are challenges a unified European alphabet is feasible even in the absence of which common language rule? | {'text': 'letter case', 'answer_start': 878} |
107,347 | 107,005 | 572f01f3c246551400ce4838 | generic | The Maratha states, following the Anglo-Maratha wars, eventually lost to the British East India Company in 1818 with the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857 and consequent of the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly a... | What did Britain establish in 1824? | {'text': 'Singapore as a key trading post', 'answer_start': 400} |
25,962 | 25,620 | 56f9859b9e9bad19000a0a21 | generic | Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two types of sleep: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM (non-REM, usual... | During what stage of sleep do serotonin and norepinephrine levels drop? | {'text': 'slow wave sleep', 'answer_start': 773} |
11,668 | 11,326 | 56de74decffd8e1900b4b93f | generic | He tells that during this time he ran into a friend who told him that he was teaching Transcendental Meditation (TM), which prompted Schwarzenegger to reveal he had been struggling with anxiety for the first time in his life: "Even today, I still benefit from [the year of TM] because I don't merge and bring things toge... | What psychological problem did Schwarzenegger say he struggled with? | {'text': 'anxiety', 'answer_start': 186} |
68,726 | 68,384 | 57272043f1498d1400e8f3cb | generic | Modern separation techniques such as milling, centrifugation, and pressing have enabled concentration of particular components of food, yielding flour, oils, juices, and so on, and even separate fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Inevitably, such large-scale concentration changes the nutritional content ... | An unfortunate side effect of concentrating food components is that it causes what change in the food? | {'text': 'nutritional content', 'answer_start': 300} |
30,630 | 30,288 | 5706b1910eeca41400aa0d43 | generic | In the U.S., the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound,[citation needed] moving beyond just drum loops and short samples. In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity"). New York–based performers such as Mateo & Mat... | what sound did US house music move beyond in the late 80s? | {'text': 'drum loops and short samples', 'answer_start': 117} |
2,125 | 1,783 | 56cc60186d243a140015ef5b | generic | Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth hea... | What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini? | {'text': 'Chicago', 'answer_start': 577} |
58,604 | 58,262 | 572673e0dd62a815002e855e | generic | The first department store in the Philippines is the Hoskyn's Department Store of Hoskyn & Co. established in 1877 in Iloilo by the Englishman Henry Hoskyn, nephew of Nicholas Loney, the first British vice-consul in Iloilo. Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 189... | Where were some of the original Philippine stores located? | {'text': 'Manila', 'answer_start': 298} |
94,815 | 94,473 | 572b5a02111d821400f38e72 | generic | Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate. This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron ... | What is used to produce the metal zinc? | {'text': 'extractive metallurgy.', 'answer_start': 29} |
114,962 | 114,620 | 5ad3c8e4604f3c001a3ff081 | generic | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from science? | {'text': '1910s', 'answer_start': 22} |
78,320 | 77,978 | 5a73c32442eae6001a3899c3 | generic | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | What is awarded to people in the UK who manage loans for a living? | {'text': 'peerages', 'answer_start': 48} |
51,247 | 50,905 | 5725e86d89a1e219009ac07c | generic | Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his... | What was the Jewish elite class called? | {'text': 'the Tobiads', 'answer_start': 214} |
87,823 | 87,481 | 572820333acd2414000df505 | generic | George VI's reign saw the acceleration of the dissolution of the British Empire. The Statute of Westminster 1931 had already acknowledged the evolution of the Dominions into separate sovereign states. The process of transformation from an empire to a voluntary association of independent states, known as the Commonwealt... | What is the association of independent states in Britain called? | {'text': 'the Commonwealth', 'answer_start': 305} |
50,620 | 50,278 | 5acfa4d477cf76001a6856d2 | generic | Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This... | What is the greatest reward that a Freemason in Iraq could face now? | {'text': 'the death penalty', 'answer_start': 373} |
94,775 | 94,433 | 572b5405be1ee31400cb832e | generic | Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) comp... | When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed? | {'text': 'yellow glass', 'answer_start': 505} |
65,656 | 65,314 | 5a21b2758a6e4f001aa08e6e | generic | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What kind of character did the clashes between Bajjah and Rushd have in the 7th and 8th centuries? | {'text': 'genuine political character', 'answer_start': 1104} |
95,497 | 95,155 | 5a552284134fea001a0e196c | generic | According to filings to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) by Thunder Bay Electronics (owner of CBC's Thunder Bay affiliate CKPR-DT) and Bell Media (owner of CBC affiliates CFTK-TV in Terrace and CJDC-TV in Dawson Creek),[citation needed] the CBC informed them that it will not extend... | The CBC cited not wanting to pay for the transition from analog to digital as it's reason for doing this? | {'text': 'will not extend its association with any of its private affiliates', 'answer_start': 305} |
79,085 | 78,743 | 572785035951b619008f8c2b | generic | Eton has a long list of distinguished former pupils. David Cameron is the 19th British prime minister to have attended the school, and has recommended that Eton set up a school in the state sector to help drive up standards. Eton now co-sponsors a state sixth-form college in Newham, a deprived area of East London, call... | How much is construction of Holyport College predicted to cost? | {'text': 'around £15 million', 'answer_start': 690} |
15,884 | 15,542 | 5acd27b607355d001abf3724 | generic | They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromo... | What is unaspirated since it is not analyzed as three morphemes? | {'text': 'distend', 'answer_start': 464} |
28,898 | 28,556 | 5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace6 | generic | Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,... | What are Afro-Spaniards? | {'text': 'Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent', 'answer_start': 19} |
110,036 | 109,694 | 57340b224776f4190066179b | generic | By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson aft... | What was Tucson's population in 1920? | {'text': '20,292', 'answer_start': 445} |
1,022 | 680 | 56d4f5d32ccc5a1400d83381 | generic | In October 2014, it was announced that Beyoncé with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. The new division was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market, wi... | Who did Beyoncé and Parkwood Entertainment partner with in October 2014? | {'text': 'Topshop', 'answer_start': 153} |
64,798 | 64,456 | 57277fb1f1498d1400e8f9f3 | generic | Ann Arbor has a long history of openness to marijuana, given Ann Arbor's decriminalization of cannabis, the large number of medical marijuana dispensaries in the city (one dispensary, called People's Co-op, was directly across the street from Michigan Stadium until zoning forced it to move one mile to the west), the la... | What are the Medical marijuana dispensaries called in the city? | {'text': "People's Co-op", 'answer_start': 191} |
38,656 | 38,314 | 570c0c53ec8fbc190045bc32 | generic | The 1973–74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff, who was bought for a world record £920,000 from Ajax. Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Fran... | How much did Barcelona pay to acquire Johan Cruyff? | {'text': '£920,000', 'answer_start': 86} |
128,742 | 128,400 | 57342802d058e614000b6a41 | generic | In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress pas... | In what year was the Reclamation Act passed? | {'text': '1902', 'answer_start': 184} |
64,474 | 64,132 | 57274d85dd62a815002e9ac3 | generic | Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population. While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renai... | What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance was a time of great opulence? | {'text': 'depression of the Renaissance', 'answer_start': 436} |
53,540 | 53,198 | 5acd1da407355d001abf359e | generic | Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s; many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands,... | In what year did Lee Dixon join Arsenal? | {'text': '1997', 'answer_start': 224} |
18,498 | 18,156 | 56e42c8439bdeb1400347912 | generic | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography? | {'text': 'phonemic principles', 'answer_start': 57} |
121,423 | 121,081 | 57317f97e6313a140071cfcc | generic | An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, espe... | The mosaic at the Byzantine church of the Lazarium most closely resembles mosaics from which area? | {'text': 'Palestine', 'answer_start': 283} |
250 | 250 | 142148 | pubqa | An inappropriate cross-connection between sewage and drinking-water pipelines contaminated tap water in a Finnish town, resulting in an extensive waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak in this developed country. According to a database and a line-list, altogether 1222 subjects sought medical care as a result of this expos... | What symptoms were developed? | {'answer_id': 273658, 'document_id': 445515, 'question_id': 142148, 'text': 'diarrhoea (n=813, 79%), vomiting (n=601, 59%), fever (n=337, 33%) and abdominal pain', 'answer_start': 3758, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
11,047 | 10,705 | 5ad0b983645df0001a2d0187 | generic | The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered... | Which year was used for estimates in the 2001 report? | {'text': '1990', 'answer_start': 191} |
50,976 | 50,634 | 5725d0d338643c19005acd8b | generic | Tourism, especially religious tourism, is an important industry in Israel, with the country's temperate climate, beaches, archaeological, other historical and biblical sites, and unique geography also drawing tourists. Israel's security problems have taken their toll on the industry, but the number of incoming tourists... | What is an important industry in Israel? | {'text': 'Tourism', 'answer_start': 0} |
107,796 | 107,454 | 57304372a23a5019007fd020 | generic | The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances be... | What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Puerto Rico's referendum? | {'text': 'The Hill', 'answer_start': 193} |
29,624 | 29,282 | 5706791075f01819005e7baf | generic | Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the black guillemot Cepphus grylle and some gulls, are quite sedentary; others, such as most terns and auks breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter. The Arctic tern Ster... | Which bird sees more daylight than any other during migration? | {'text': 'The Arctic tern', 'answer_start': 300} |
103,295 | 102,953 | 572eb3abdfa6aa1500f8d2d4 | generic | In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator opera... | Many earlier built freight elevators were controlled by what? | {'text': 'switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes', 'answer_start': 191} |
121,721 | 121,379 | 573198110fdd8d15006c63c1 | generic | In Canada, "college" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while "university" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution. Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical schools (for example, ... | How many years does a degree-granting university in Canada spend teaching students? | {'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 116} |
46,448 | 46,106 | 5711275da58dae1900cd6cbd | generic | Encouraged by these successes, Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market. Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari’s name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The deal was set to be finalized and signed at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show i... | When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show held? | {'text': 'June 1983', 'answer_start': 322} |
128,528 | 128,186 | 5ad2f5f2604f3c001a3fda5d | generic | Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the ... | What is the study of modern cities? | {'text': 'Urban anthropology', 'answer_start': 0} |
61,163 | 60,821 | 572668e2708984140094c518 | generic | Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for ... | How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother? | {'text': 'rebelled', 'answer_start': 113} |
53,748 | 53,406 | 57261ee889a1e219009ac2a3 | generic | A resin used for making non-wrinkle shirts releases formaldehyde, which could cause contact dermatitis for some people; no disclosure requirements exist, and in 2008 the U.S. Government Accountability Office tested formaldehyde in clothing and found that generally the highest levels were in non-wrinkle shirts and pants... | How many months of washing did a 1999 study look at? | {'text': '6', 'answer_start': 408} |
70,731 | 70,389 | 5726d77f708984140094d323 | generic | In May 1967, the Eastern Region declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu. The Nigerian Civil War began as the official Nigerian government side (predominated by soldiers from the North and West) attacked Biafra (Southeastern) on 6 July 1967 at Gark... | Who led Eastern Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War? | {'text': 'Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu', 'answer_start': 120} |
4,559 | 4,217 | 56d11c0717492d1400aab9ab | generic | New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint. Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United States. Also, by 2010, the city had 3,715 hybrid taxis and other clean diesel vehicles, representing around 28% of New York's taxi fleet in service, the most of any city in... | How many clean diesel and hybrid taxicabs did New York City have in 2010? | {'text': '3,715', 'answer_start': 184} |
3,848 | 3,506 | 56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b26 | generic | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | In what year did the Dutch give New York back to the English? | {'text': '1674', 'answer_start': 324} |
107,636 | 107,294 | 572f87ec947a6a140053ca2e | generic | The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining wo... | What effect did the undermining of The league of Nations have on the people? | {'text': 'leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.', 'answer_start': 571} |
45,552 | 45,210 | 571007ebb654c5140001f758 | generic | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified? | {'text': '1963', 'answer_start': 331} |
34,871 | 34,529 | 570a79de4103511400d5975a | generic | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | What is the term for the energy generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals? | {'text': 'collective effervescence', 'answer_start': 510} |
74,483 | 74,141 | 5a6fb1d08abb0b001a675f51 | generic | The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on ... | When did the Holy Roman Empire begin? | {'text': '17th century', 'answer_start': 116} |
18,278 | 17,936 | 5ad15fb9645df0001a2d18f3 | generic | To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the... | Who was Seagram sold to in June 1980? | {'text': 'Vivendi', 'answer_start': 283} |
63,025 | 62,683 | 57268318708984140094c889 | generic | One of the paper's best known front pages, published on 4 May 1982, commemorated the torpedoing of the Argentine ship the General Belgrano by running the story under the headline "GOTCHA". At MacKenzie's insistence, and against the wishes of Murdoch (the mogul was present because almost all the journalists were on stri... | What was the Sun's headline on 4 May 1982? | {'text': '"GOTCHA"', 'answer_start': 179} |
33,122 | 32,780 | 57097f32ed30961900e84225 | generic | According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t... | Who is the spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center? | {'text': 'Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer', 'answer_start': 474} |
22,541 | 22,199 | 5ad49bddba00c4001a268d80 | generic | Alternative proposals for the etymology of *Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support. Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning "practicer of a common Slavic religion," and from that evolved into an ethnonym. S.B. Bernstein speculates that it de... | What suffix indicates a river name? | {'text': '-enin', 'answer_start': 535} |
95,401 | 95,059 | 572a2c791d04691400779812 | generic | Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network r... | Which recent (2007-2008) shows helped the network regain popularity? | {'text': 'Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border', 'answer_start': 557} |
48,693 | 48,351 | 5ad3a6d2604f3c001a3feac2 | generic | Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities gran... | What kind of drug is produced by competitors once an industry expires? | {'text': 'generic', 'answer_start': 801} |
122,203 | 121,861 | 57322ed7b9d445190005e8a4 | generic | In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantiu... | In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians? | {'text': 'imprisoned or martyred', 'answer_start': 102} |
13,069 | 12,727 | 56df16b23277331400b4d979 | generic | In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture. With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc rele... | In what year did CDs come to the American market? | {'text': '1983', 'answer_start': 352} |
108,555 | 108,213 | 572f6b6104bcaa1900d7690d | generic | Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya emp... | There may be Iron Age findings near Hyderabad, what age are they thought to be from? | {'text': '500 BCE', 'answer_start': 89} |
99,808 | 99,466 | 572b6d0fbe1ee31400cb837e | generic | With the neoplatonist Plotinus, wrote Nathaniel Alfred Boll; "there even appears, probably for the first time in Western philosophy, idealism that had long been current in the East even at that time, for it taught... that the soul has made the world by stepping from eternity into time...". Similarly, in regard to passa... | According to Noiré, who was the first true Western idealist? | {'text': 'Plotinus', 'answer_start': 540} |
107,396 | 107,054 | 572f140403f9891900756b80 | generic | Beginning the Age of Revolution, the American Revolution and the ensuing political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century saw the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States o... | Who did the Second Continental Congress join together against? | {'text': 'the British', 'answer_start': 552} |
20,295 | 19,953 | 5acf5e5777cf76001a684c7d | generic | The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate. The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication. This professional school teaches its students reporting for pr... | What are the two different programs cancelled at KU's Schoold of Journalism? | {'text': 'News and Information and Strategic Communication', 'answer_start': 208} |
122,503 | 122,161 | 5ace3ae832bba1001ae49f97 | generic | During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site. The decision was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which called the court ruling "a setback to privacy rights". In Ju... | Whose lawsuit was rejected when Judge Stanton L. Louis cited protection under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act? | {'text': 'Viacom', 'answer_start': 329} |
59,362 | 59,020 | 5726b593708984140094ce92 | generic | On 23 November 1991, in a prepared statement made on his deathbed, Mercury confirmed that he had AIDS. Within 24 hours of the statement, he died of bronchial pneumonia, which was brought on as a complication of AIDS. His funeral service on 27 November in Kensal Green, West London was private, and held in accordance wit... | Where was Freddie Mercury's funeral service held? | {'text': 'Kensal Green, West London', 'answer_start': 255} |
47,925 | 47,583 | 571e05005569731900639112 | generic | For African Americans, the one-drop rule was a significant factor in ethnic solidarity. African Americans generally shared a common cause in society regardless of their multiracial admixture, or social/economic stratification. Additionally, African Americans found it, near, impossible to learn about their Indigenous Am... | What brought African Americans together? | {'text': 'the one-drop rule', 'answer_start': 23} |
4,779 | 4,437 | 56cf5c2caab44d1400b8911c | generic | An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go Set a Watchman, was controversially released on July 14, 2015. This draft, which was completed in 1957, is set 20 years after the time period depicted in To Kill a Mockingbird but is not a continuation of the narrative. This earlier version of the story follows an ad... | Go Set a Watchman was finished in what year? | {'text': '1957', 'answer_start': 151} |
3,149 | 2,807 | 5ad24303d7d075001a4289c5 | generic | Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid compe... | IMAX announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas in January of what year? | {'text': '2015', 'answer_start': 348} |
3,619 | 3,277 | 56d61c4e1c85041400946f1c | generic | The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts. For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery. After knowing that rescue helicopters had trouble landing into the epicenter area in We... | What person suggested a landing spot for helicopters near the epicenter? | {'text': 'a student', 'answer_start': 328} |
4,419 | 4,077 | 56d1100317492d1400aab880 | generic | The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the... | In what borough is the National Tennis Center located? | {'text': 'Queens', 'answer_start': 183} |
89,816 | 89,474 | 572863e5ff5b5019007da1ec | generic | The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high... | How much precipitation does Juno receive each year? | {'text': 'over 50 in', 'answer_start': 372} |
97,674 | 97,332 | 5a0e3462d7c8500018864549 | generic | Dietary deficiencies in developing countries can be combated by promoting better eating practices. Supplementation with vitamin A and/or zinc. Zinc supplementation proved successful showing a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrheal disease compared to a control group. The majority of the literature suggests ... | How can zinc deficiencies be combated? | {'text': 'by promoting better eating practices', 'answer_start': 61} |
22,946 | 22,604 | 56f837eba6d7ea1400e174b6 | generic | Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established. | What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic? | {'text': '840', 'answer_start': 18} |
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