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3 | 3 | 142208 | pubqa | A large waterborne outbreak of NoV occurred in Lilla Edet in Sweden in 2008. On 11 September 2008, the County Medical Ofcer (CMO) was informed about an unusually high number of individuals who had suddenly fallen ill with gastrointestinal symptoms during the previous days in Lilla Edet, a small municipality in southwes... | What symptoms did people report? | {'answer_id': 273698, 'document_id': 445539, 'question_id': 142208, 'text': 'acute gastroenteritis', 'answer_start': 1760, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
59,233 | 58,891 | 5726563add62a815002e81e2 | generic | While attending Ealing Art College, Tim Staffell became friends with Farrokh Bulsara, a fellow student who had assumed the English name of Freddie. Bulsara felt that he and the band had the same tastes and soon became a keen fan of Smile. In late 1970, after Staffell left to join the band Humpy Bong, the remaining Smil... | Tim Staffell left the band Smile in what year? | {'text': '1970', 'answer_start': 247} |
127,034 | 126,692 | 5acecbfa32bba1001ae4b460 | generic | Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific cross-border locations in North America and Europe confirmed that low visibility of police informatio... | Where has cross-border policing been most over-studied? | {'text': 'outside of Europe', 'answer_start': 21} |
33,140 | 32,798 | 570980f2200fba14003680c2 | generic | Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth... | what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf? | {'text': 'hair', 'answer_start': 200} |
101,507 | 101,165 | 572ebebbc246551400ce45e0 | generic | In early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians back into the fortifications ... | How did Austrian Marshall Daun reverse the situation at Prague? | {'text': 'picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle. With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague.', 'answer_start': 649} |
40,246 | 39,904 | 570c695efed7b91900d459bf | generic | Tensions between John and the barons had been growing for several years, as demonstrated by the 1212 plot against the king. Many of the disaffected barons came from the north of England; that faction was often labelled by contemporaries and historians as "the Northerners". The northern barons rarely had any personal st... | Where did many of the disaffected barons come from? | {'text': 'north of England', 'answer_start': 169} |
32,366 | 32,024 | 57095dca200fba1400367ee6 | generic | After independence, the Chief Commissioner's Province of H.P. came into being on 15 April 1948 as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states (including feudal princes and zaildars) in the promontories of the western Himalaya, known in full as the Simla Hills States and four Punjab southern hill states by issue... | When did Himachal Pradesh become a union territory? | {'text': '1 November 1956', 'answer_start': 876} |
31,149 | 30,807 | 5707ff5f9e06ca38007e94e6 | generic | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the ... | Who do the Shia believe are possessed of divine knowledge and authority? | {'text': 'Imams', 'answer_start': 149} |
55,908 | 55,566 | 5a132a07c8eab200188dc929 | generic | During the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China, there was constant warfare occurring in the Central Plain of China. Northerners began to enter into Fujian region, causing the region to incorporate parts of northern Chinese dialects. However, the massive migration of northern Han Chinese into Fujian region mainly occ... | What was the name of the period of costant warfare across Asia? | {'text': 'Three Kingdoms period of ancient China', 'answer_start': 11} |
126,584 | 126,242 | 5a4e6ed4755ab9001a10f449 | generic | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What single type of rock formed Greenstone belts? | {'text': 'low-grade metamorphic rocks', 'answer_start': 263} |
80,479 | 80,137 | 5a515cd5ce860b001aa3fd3d | generic | Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese: 成都经济技术开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū jīngjì jìshù kāifā qū) was approved as state-level development zone in February 2000. The zone now has a developed area of 10.25 km2 (3.96 sq mi) and has a planned area of 26 km2 (10 sq mi). Chengdu Economic and Technological Devel... | What was approved as a national-level development zone in 2000? | {'text': 'Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone', 'answer_start': 0} |
93,204 | 92,862 | 5a472b735fd40d001a27dd64 | generic | In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re... | In what year did the Brandenberg reunification take place? | {'text': '1990', 'answer_start': 221} |
120,529 | 120,187 | 5731ae4a0fdd8d15006c6447 | generic | A route through Beringia is seen as more likely than the Solutrean hypothesis. Kashani et al. 2012 state that "The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians. Taking into account that C4c is deepl... | What is more likely than the Solutrean hypothesis? | {'text': 'route through Beringia', 'answer_start': 2} |
111,082 | 110,740 | 5ace973b32bba1001ae4ab66 | generic | Since it was quite easy to stack interconnections (wires) inside the embedding matrix, the approach allowed designers to forget completely about the routing of wires (usually a time-consuming operation of PCB design): Anywhere the designer needs a connection, the machine will draw a wire in straight line from one locat... | The machine will draw a wire in a curved line from one location/ to where? | {'text': 'another', 'answer_start': 331} |
79,785 | 79,443 | 5a7e892948f7d9001a063753 | generic | The National Maritime College of Ireland is also located in Cork and is the only college in Ireland in which Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering can be undertaken. CIT also incorporates the Cork School of Music and Crawford College of Art and Design as constituent schools. The Cork College of Commerce is the larges... | What level institution is the Cork School of Music? | {'text': '3rd level', 'answer_start': 485} |
63,877 | 63,535 | 57269e6bdd62a815002e8b1c | generic | In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall p... | Who was president of Yale during the rebellion? | {'text': 'Arthur Hadley', 'answer_start': 391} |
29,066 | 28,724 | 5705e4f452bb891400689675 | generic | Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour.... | What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections? | {'text': 'Labour Party', 'answer_start': 112} |
129,745 | 129,403 | 57344cb3879d6814001ca4cd | generic | New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and c... | Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies? | {'text': 'to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource', 'answer_start': 215} |
69,583 | 69,241 | 5a7a5aba21c2de001afe9ba4 | generic | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | Who came up with the "Fourth Force Psychology Theory?' | {'text': 'Maslow', 'answer_start': 0} |
130,345 | 130,003 | 5735c8876c16ec1900b927bf | generic | Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. As the capital of the Republic of Nepal, various national festivals are cele... | Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals? | {'text': 'Newars', 'answer_start': 138} |
45,755 | 45,413 | 5ad3fb5d604f3c001a3ffb4f | generic | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | Who do death penalty opponents believe will never be executed? | {'text': 'innocent', 'answer_start': 112} |
113,049 | 112,707 | 5ad4bda75b96ef001a109ec6 | generic | From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supporte... | Why were the canneries ultimately closed by the early 1970s? | {'text': 'rising costs and foreign competition', 'answer_start': 522} |
125,314 | 124,972 | 5732593fb9d445190005ea86 | generic | The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, so... | How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost? | {'text': '$500 million', 'answer_start': 347} |
41,714 | 41,372 | 570d32cffed7b91900d45cf8 | generic | General Electric heavily contaminated the Hudson River with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between 1947-77. This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. In response to this contamination, activists protested in various ways. Musician Pete Seeg... | Who founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to bring attention to the pollution caused by GE? | {'text': 'Pete Seeger', 'answer_start': 311} |
6,753 | 6,411 | 56d3878f59d6e41400146669 | generic | The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteen... | When did American Idol first air on television? | {'text': '2002', 'answer_start': 717} |
117,760 | 117,418 | 5730b108069b53140083226b | generic | The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n... | What is the native language meaning of Tuvalu? | {'text': 'eight standing together', 'answer_start': 340} |
2,844 | 2,502 | 56cf33afaab44d1400b88e27 | generic | Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. That evening he visits Sciarra's widow Lucia, who tells him about Spectre, a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged. Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. When Oberhauser addresses Bond ... | Who is the leader of Spectre? | {'text': 'Franz Oberhauser', 'answer_start': 271} |
19,402 | 19,060 | 56e790f337bdd419002c4154 | generic | Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists. | What year did DST rules change in North America? | {'text': '2007', 'answer_start': 89} |
105,450 | 105,108 | 5a847cb97cf838001a46a859 | generic | All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ... | Which section applies to private landowners? | {'text': 'Section 7(a) (2)', 'answer_start': 140} |
69,743 | 69,401 | 5ace9b6832bba1001ae4acbb | generic | Ibn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by fire not long afte... | What year did the emir Null II die from his illness? | {'text': '997', 'answer_start': 124} |
62,804 | 62,462 | 5a6686a7f038b7001ab0bf5c | generic | In a further refinement of the direct use of probabilistic modelling, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called arithmetic coding. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a finite-state machine to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of ... | What were early examples of probability distribution applied in? | {'text': 'various other designs including H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC', 'answer_start': 1110} |
84,049 | 83,707 | 5728af382ca10214002da5bd | generic | The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states (mostly late Mughal tributary states) emerged, and also by the increasing activities of European powers. There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was ... | What did J.N. Sarkar say of Shivaji's nation building? | {'text': 'great constructive genius', 'answer_start': 555} |
86,403 | 86,061 | 5ad35342604f3c001a3fdd46 | generic | The Super Slim model of PS3 has received positive reviews. Gaming website Spong praised the new Super Slim's quietness, stating "The most noticeable noise comes when the drive seeks a new area of the disc, such as when starting to load a game, and this occurs infrequently." They added that the fans are quieter than tha... | What did Spong said you have to not do to the disc loader before the console will start reading the disc? | {'text': 'close the cover', 'answer_start': 663} |
102,336 | 101,994 | 5731860d05b4da19006bd22f | generic | In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap... | Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993? | {'text': 'Misrata', 'answer_start': 803} |
126,067 | 125,725 | 5733f61bd058e614000b6688 | generic | After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending ... | What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout? | {'text': "improve the State's financial situation", 'answer_start': 141} |
100,892 | 100,550 | 5a282e9bd1a287001a6d0ac8 | generic | Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles.... | Which years was the punk era between? | {'text': '1978 and 1984', 'answer_start': 558} |
65,554 | 65,212 | 5727be66ff5b5019007d940e | generic | The influence of cubism extended to other artistic fields, outside painting and sculpture. In literature, the written works of Gertrude Stein employ repetition and repetitive phrases as building blocks in both passages and whole chapters. Most of Stein's important works utilize this technique, including the novel The M... | What was Gertrude Stein's brother's name? | {'text': 'Leo', 'answer_start': 439} |
3,944 | 3,602 | 56cfdc1e234ae51400d9bf85 | generic | Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was c... | The headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in New York? | {'text': 'United Nations', 'answer_start': 287} |
97,685 | 97,343 | 5a0e3669d7c8500018864555 | generic | In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously. Diet restrictions such as the BRAT diet are no longer recommended. Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has ... | What type of oral rehydration therapy is not recommended? | {'text': 'the BRAT diet', 'answer_start': 204} |
91,344 | 91,002 | 5729a3d56aef051400155078 | generic | In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world coun... | Where is eating insects considered taboo? | {'text': 'first-world countries', 'answer_start': 304} |
33,475 | 33,133 | 5acd7aff07355d001abf440a | generic | The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable sugars are some... | Where do the sugars in beer come from? | {'text': 'The alcohol', 'answer_start': 0} |
117,075 | 116,733 | 5ad00c7c77cf76001a686804 | generic | Igor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson responded. The Emperor... | What was Igor not keen on? | {'text': 'revenge', 'answer_start': 31} |
32,892 | 32,550 | 5709986aed30961900e84368 | generic | In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to prove their point, and thre... | When did the Avid Life Media CEO resign? | {'text': 'After the second data dump', 'answer_start': 1002} |
97,193 | 96,851 | 5a7d188670df9f001a874f97 | generic | In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding t... | When was the earliest known Asian farm site found in the AMS? | {'text': '2012', 'answer_start': 3} |
39,969 | 39,627 | 570e82630b85d914000d7f69 | generic | The city reaches south-east through Dandenong to the growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland, and southward through the Dandenong Creek valley, the Mornington Peninsula and the city of Frankston taking in the peaks of Olivers Hill, Mount Martha and Arthurs Seat, extending along the shores of Port Phillip as ... | Which body of water and township of the same name marks the border between Melbourne and Geelong? | {'text': 'Little River', 'answer_start': 689} |
68,720 | 68,378 | 57271f3b708984140094da19 | generic | Since the Industrial Revolution some two hundred years ago, the food processing industry has invented many technologies that both help keep foods fresh longer and alter the fresh state of food as they appear in nature. Cooling is the primary technology used to maintain freshness, whereas many more technologies have bee... | When did the Industrial Revolution roughly begin? | {'text': 'two hundred years ago', 'answer_start': 37} |
121,743 | 121,401 | 5a77beefb73996001af5a54a | generic | The funding and organization of universities varies widely between different countries around the world. In some countries universities are predominantly funded by the state, while in others funding may come from donors or from fees which students attending the university must pay. In some countries the vast majority o... | What do other states do for students? | {'text': 'attract students from all over the world, and may provide university accommodation for their students', 'answer_start': 408} |
49,281 | 48,939 | 5ace638232bba1001ae4a538 | generic | Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher asphalt/bitumen (binder) content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% added asphalt/bitumen. This thermoplastic substance is... | Rolled asphalt concrete has contains around 7% what? | {'text': 'added asphalt/bitumen', 'answer_start': 266} |
12,488 | 12,146 | 56df11aac65bf219000b3f1f | generic | On 23 October 1954 – only nine years after Allies (UK, USA and USSR) defeated Nazi Germany ending World War II in Europe – the admission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the North Atlantic Pact was finally decided. The incorporation of West Germany into the organization on 9 May 1955 was described as "a decisive t... | In which year was West Germany admitted to NATO? | {'text': '1954', 'answer_start': 14} |
103,774 | 103,432 | 5acee3d632bba1001ae4b8ab | generic | Neptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the... | What is the region behind Jupiter called? | {'text': 'Kuiper belt', 'answer_start': 85} |
115,591 | 115,249 | 5a65d0fec2b11c001a425d64 | generic | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | What are compounds in chemical terms? | {'text': 'semisynthetic modifications', 'answer_start': 69} |
52,294 | 51,952 | 57265aba5951b619008f7079 | generic | The different dialects show many sound shifts in different vowels (even shifting between diphthongs and monophthongs), and in some cases consonants also shift pronunciation. For example, an oddity of West Flemings (and to a lesser extent, East Flemings) is that, the voiced velar fricative (written as "g" in Dutch) shif... | If a West Fleming speaker were being extra careful to avoid the silent "h," they might over-correct into what sound? | {'text': 'g-sound', 'answer_start': 781} |
113,518 | 113,176 | 572ffb3ea23a5019007fcc04 | generic | Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circul... | Who wrote The Canon of Medicine? | {'text': 'Avicenna', 'answer_start': 440} |
7,126 | 6,784 | 56d9c9f6dc89441400fdb81a | generic | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today? | {'text': 'outside', 'answer_start': 496} |
121,911 | 121,569 | 5731ab21b9d445190005e451 | generic | The meaning and origin of many archaic festivals baffled even Rome's intellectual elite, but the more obscure they were, the greater the opportunity for reinvention and reinterpretation — a fact lost neither on Augustus in his program of religious reform, which often cloaked autocratic innovation, nor on his only rival... | Under whose rule were new Christian festivals added to previous Roman holidays? | {'text': 'Christian', 'answer_start': 1281} |
49,952 | 49,610 | 5724fc250a492a19004356a6 | generic | Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. Wh... | To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence? | {'text': 'Melbourne', 'answer_start': 425} |
29,845 | 29,503 | 57062b9075f01819005e7a22 | generic | In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City; this came after a 1974 referendum on legalized gambling failed to pass. Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the ... | How many casinos are there in Atlantic City today? | {'text': 'eleven', 'answer_start': 540} |
39,628 | 39,286 | 570d0128fed7b91900d45bb9 | generic | The hagiography of Mary and the Holy Family can be contrasted with other material in the Gospels. These references include an incident which can be interpreted as Jesus rejecting his family in the New Testament: "And his mother and his brothers arrived, and standing outside, they sent in a message asking for him ... An... | What do some Biblical scholars claim that Jesus' family did with his message during his ministry? | {'text': 'rejected', 'answer_start': 851} |
105,798 | 105,456 | 572ec989dfa6aa1500f8d3bf | generic | Humans and animals exposed to vacuum will lose consciousness after a few seconds and die of hypoxia within minutes, but the symptoms are not nearly as graphic as commonly depicted in media and popular culture. The reduction in pressure lowers the temperature at which blood and other body fluids boil, but the elastic pr... | What is the forming of gas bubbles in body fluids at a lowered pressure called? | {'text': 'ebullism', 'answer_start': 720} |
1,978 | 1,636 | 56cd8d2962d2951400fa66ea | generic | While the Ming dynasty traded horses with Tibet, it upheld a policy of outlawing border markets in the north, which Laird sees as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids and to "drive them from the frontiers of China." However, after Altan Khan (1507–1582)—leader of the Tümed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mon... | Who did Altan Khan overthrow? | {'text': "the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony", 'answer_start': 307} |
107,337 | 106,995 | 572efe68dfa6aa1500f8d539 | generic | On the Indian subcontinent, the Mughal Empire ruled most of India in the early 18th century. The "classic period" ended with the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 by the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years. During this period, the Empire was marked by a highly c... | What caused the Maratha Empire to split in 1761? | {'text': 'the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat', 'answer_start': 808} |
115,076 | 114,734 | 573330eb4776f41900660762 | generic | Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisc... | What did Whitehead believe regarding the variety of subjects in education? | {'text': 'Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts', 'answer_start': 61} |
92,215 | 91,873 | 5728e66b4b864d190016505b | generic | In classical Greece, Anaxagoras asserted that a divine reason (mind) gave order to the seeds of the universe, and Plato extended the Greek belief of ideal forms to his metaphysical theory of forms (ideai, "ideas"). The forms on earth are imperfect duplicates of the intellectual celestial ideas. The Greek words oida (οἶ... | Who extended the Greek beilef of idea forms to his metaphysical theory of forms? | {'text': 'Plato', 'answer_start': 114} |
57,337 | 56,995 | 5726e0f7708984140094d48b | generic | Napoleon maintained strict, efficient work habits, prioritizing what needed to be done. He cheated at cards, but repaid the losses; he had to win at everything he attempted. He kept relays of staff and secretaries at work. Unlike many generals, Napoleon did not examine history to ask what Hannibal or Alexander or anyon... | What did Napoleon do at cards, though he repaid losses? | {'text': 'cheated', 'answer_start': 91} |
126,210 | 125,868 | 57341fcf4776f419006618cd | generic | Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portu... | Where did Portuguese originate? | {'text': 'Galicia and Northern Portugal', 'answer_start': 113} |
93,796 | 93,454 | 5a3ab6033ff257001ab8421d | generic | The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it. It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887. Another particularly thor... | Who published the first thorough investigation of the photosynthesis effect? | {'text': 'Heinrich Hertz', 'answer_start': 223} |
8,317 | 7,975 | 56dcf8689a695914005b94a1 | generic | Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities". | Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009? | {'text': 'Congolese Observatory of Human Rights', 'answer_start': 83} |
103,905 | 103,563 | 572f2607947a6a140053c7dc | generic | Motors have very little room for electrical insulation so they generally have low voltage ratings. Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use directly. The most common DC voltages are li... | Why do motors have little space for insulation? | {'text': 'low voltage ratings', 'answer_start': 78} |
23,044 | 22,702 | 56f8767fa6d7ea1400e17681 | generic | The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of ... | What era in history saw local government begin setting up County Councils in the area? | {'text': 'Victorian period', 'answer_start': 506} |
29,637 | 29,295 | 5706872b52bb891400689a48 | generic | Some large broad-winged birds rely on thermal columns of rising hot air to enable them to soar. These include many birds of prey such as vultures, eagles, and buzzards, but also storks. These birds migrate in the daytime. Migratory species in these groups have great difficulty crossing large bodies of water, since ther... | How many birds funnel through Batumi, Georgia each year? | {'text': 'hundreds of thousands', 'answer_start': 1138} |
86,149 | 85,807 | 5ad2e13cd7d075001a42a602 | generic | Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this applicat... | What allows you to view photos on PS4? | {'text': 'Photo Gallery', 'answer_start': 0} |
75,657 | 75,315 | 5727b0493acd2414000de9c4 | generic | The Piedmont Triad, or center of the state, is home to Krispy Kreme, Mayberry, Texas Pete, the Lexington Barbecue Festival, and Moravian cookies. The internationally acclaimed North Carolina Zoo in Asheboro attracts visitors to its animals, plants, and a 57-piece art collection along five miles of shaded pathways in th... | How many miles of shaded pathways does the Nort Carolina Zoo have? | {'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 285} |
8,795 | 8,453 | 56ddfe9d4396321400ee2539 | generic | However, in Bahasa Indonesia, Politeknik carries a rather different meaning than Institut Teknologi. Politeknik provides vocational education and typically offers three-year Diploma degrees, which is similar to associate degrees, instead of full, four-year bachelor's degree and the more advanced Master's and doctoral d... | Rather than four-year Bachelor's degrees, Politeknik offer a diploma after how many years? | {'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 163} |
10,667 | 10,325 | 5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe919 | generic | An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The S... | Which court is the only one able to set rules for procedures in State courts? | {'text': 'Florida Supreme Court', 'answer_start': 224} |
94,919 | 94,577 | 5acfca6277cf76001a685ff5 | generic | There are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc and hydrochlori... | What is the glass equivalent of the Grinard reaction? | {'text': 'The Barbier reaction', 'answer_start': 671} |
82,517 | 82,175 | 5ad0111477cf76001a68688e | generic | Tibetan music often involves chanting in Tibetan or Sanskrit, as an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals. Yang chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained syllables. Other st... | What other schools are romantic music associated with in addition to Gelugpa school? | {'text': 'Nyingmapa, Sakyapa and Kagyupa schools', 'answer_start': 479} |
92,339 | 91,997 | 5a722df50efcfe001a8afe99 | generic | The dismal results caused Gephardt to drop out and later endorse Kerry. Carol Moseley Braun also dropped out, endorsing Howard Dean. Besides the impact of coming in third, Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post-caucus rally. Dean was shouting over the cheers of his enthusiastic audience, but the crowd nois... | How many times were their news reports that focused on negative events in Braun's campaign? | {'text': '633', 'answer_start': 701} |
75,982 | 75,640 | 5727839a5951b619008f8be8 | generic | Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell... | Who wrote the paper, On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties? | {'text': 'Darwin', 'answer_start': 1043} |
60,468 | 60,126 | 57267ecb708984140094c7fd | generic | In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Com... | What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue? | {'text': 'United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare', 'answer_start': 13} |
15,242 | 14,900 | 5acf8d6477cf76001a68520a | generic | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoon... | Where did gag cartoons last make an appearance? | {'text': 'Europe', 'answer_start': 377} |
92,083 | 91,741 | 5728b6442ca10214002da636 | generic | A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a titl... | Who is a god of plague? | {'text': 'Aplu', 'answer_start': 216} |
78,458 | 78,116 | 5a3036ebf1f7c7001ab92cd8 | generic | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | What did Martin Luther mention about using instruments during church worship? | {'text': 'referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert"', 'answer_start': 366} |
15,277 | 14,935 | 5acf860877cf76001a6850b2 | generic | Following the success of Le Journal de Mickey (1934–44), dedicated comics magazines and full-colour comics albums became the primary outlet for comics in the mid-20th century. As in the US, at the time comics were seen as infantile and a threat to culture and literacy; commentators stated that "none bear up to the slig... | In the United States in the middle of the 19th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what? | {'text': 'literacy', 'answer_start': 260} |
2,924 | 2,582 | 56cf3e29aab44d1400b88ed1 | generic | Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser, a background character in the short story "Octopussy" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, ... | In which Bond story did the name Oberhauser first appear? | {'text': 'Octopussy', 'answer_start': 253} |
12,960 | 12,618 | 5ad2e5e6604f3c001a3fd91d | generic | Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western World, where 70% are Christians. A 2011 Pew Research Center survey found that 76.2% of Europeans, 73.3% in Oceania, and about 86.0% in the Americas (90% in Latin America and 77.4% in North America) described themselves as Christians. | What do 86% of people in Oceania describe themselves as? | {'text': 'Christians', 'answer_start': 280} |
79,278 | 78,936 | 5727d0feff5b5019007d95ec | generic | A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days). Tardy Book may also be issued for late work. For more serious misdeeds, a boy is summoned ... | What is another term for rustication? | {'text': 'suspension', 'answer_start': 546} |
35,874 | 35,532 | 5a037806af157d001818f45e | generic | Lancashire had a lively culture of choral and classical music, with very large numbers of local church choirs from the 17th century, leading to the foundation of local choral societies from the mid-18th century, often particularly focused on performances of the music of Handel and his contemporaries. It also played a m... | Where is the Salford Cathedral? | {'text': 'Haslingden', 'answer_start': 1067} |
99,760 | 99,418 | 572b6a90f75d5e190021fdb1 | generic | Idealism is a term with several related meanings. It comes via idea from the Greek idein (ἰδεῖν), meaning "to see". The term entered the English language by 1743. In ordinary use, as when speaking of Woodrow Wilson's political idealism, it generally suggests the priority of ideals, principles, values, and goals over co... | By what year was "idealism" a word in English? | {'text': '1743', 'answer_start': 157} |
58,222 | 57,880 | 5728a01c2ca10214002da4dd | generic | BYU has designated energy conservation, products and materials, recycling, site planning and building design, student involvement, transportation, water conservation, and zero waste events as top priority categories in which to further its efforts to be an environmentally sustainable campus. The university has stated t... | Who spearheaded BYU's recent campaign to begin recycling plastics? | {'text': 'BYU Recycles', 'answer_start': 870} |
115,420 | 115,078 | 573392424776f41900660d87 | generic | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings,... | What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead? | {'text': 'Henry Stapp and David Bohm', 'answer_start': 1078} |
38,543 | 38,201 | 570ce830fed7b91900d45abc | generic | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no... | What does the gymnast do during the 10 bounces. | {'text': 'a sequence of aerial skills', 'answer_start': 208} |
3,047 | 2,705 | 56ced14baab44d1400b88acf | generic | A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closin... | Which river was used in some of the shoots taking place in London? | {'text': 'Thames', 'answer_start': 136} |
19,453 | 19,111 | 56e7b1e900c9c71400d77503 | generic | Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor... | Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer? | {'text': 'an extra hour', 'answer_start': 112} |
58,290 | 57,948 | 5728a88d4b864d1900164ba4 | generic | BYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique. The high rate of enrollment at the university by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more than 98 percent) results in an amplification of LDS cultural norms; BYU was ranked by The Princeton Review in 2008 as 14th in the nation for having the happie... | How was BYU ranked by The Princeton Review for having the happiest students and highest quality of life in 2008? | {'text': '14th in the nation', 'answer_start': 280} |
66,298 | 65,956 | 5a81ca8131013a001a334ed1 | generic | There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on... | Where are loading jetties crashed on Norfolk Island? | {'text': 'Kingston and Cascade', 'answer_start': 98} |
115,290 | 114,948 | 573363194776f41900660988 | generic | It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ... | Why did Whitehead view the existence of God as a necessity for his metaphysical system? | {'text': 'His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities.', 'answer_start': 208} |
125,543 | 125,201 | 5732b589cc179a14009dac20 | generic | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | What was the Federal Reserve's assumption regarding what makes a loan subprime? | {'text': 'high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average)', 'answer_start': 729} |
91,311 | 90,969 | 57299cebaf94a219006aa56c | generic | Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own to... | What chemical defense is used by the Monarch butterfly? | {'text': 'bright colors', 'answer_start': 127} |
18,954 | 18,612 | 5ad50f335b96ef001a10ab3a | generic | With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags. | What is another term for synthetic protein? | {'text': 'zein', 'answer_start': 158} |
60,944 | 60,602 | 57268a5d708984140094c95a | generic | The discipline of plant ecology was pioneered in the late 19th century by botanists such as Eugenius Warming, who produced the hypothesis that plants form communities, and his mentor and successor Christen C. Raunkiær whose system for describing plant life forms is still in use today. The concept that the composition o... | Whose earlier work did Nicholas Vavilov build upon? | {'text': 'Alphonse de Candolle', 'answer_start': 721} |
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