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During John's early years, Henry attempted to resolve the question of his succession. Henry the Young King had been crowned King of England in 1170, but was not given any formal powers by his father; he was also promised Normandy and Anjou as part of his future inheritance. Richard was to be appointed the Count of Poit...
Who became the Duke of Brittany?
{'text': 'Geoffrey', 'answer_start': 357}
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There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a...
Dog training can be researched back to what century?
{'text': '18th', 'answer_start': 414}
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Following the war, some of these military airfields added civil facilities for handling passenger traffic. One of the earliest such fields was Paris – Le Bourget Airport at Le Bourget, near Paris. The first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services was Hounslow Heath Aerodrome in August 1919, but i...
What did airports use to permit night flying as well as landing heavier aircraft?
{'text': 'a paved "apron"', 'answer_start': 579}
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On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqin...
After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Cheng-Nan?
{'text': 'two and a half hours', 'answer_start': 501}
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Canadian football has mostly been confined to Canada, with the United States being the only other country to have hosted a high-level Canadian football game. The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules betw...
I what was the name of the American team that played in Canada?
{'text': 'Baltimore Stallions', 'answer_start': 383}
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Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron. This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Of...
When is the Fourth of June celebrated?
{'text': 'the Wednesday before the first weekend of June', 'answer_start': 400}
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On May 26, 2009, Microsoft announced the future release of the Zune HD (in the fall of 2009), the next addition to the Zune product range. This is of an impact on the Xbox Live Video Store as it was also announced that the Zune Video Marketplace and the Xbox Live Video Store will be merged to form the Zune Marketplace,...
What hardware device was merged with the video marketplace?
{'text': 'the Zune', 'answer_start': 59}
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Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu...
What is one thing exclusivists don't have that Christians do?
{'text': 'have exclusive access to absolute truth, generally through revelation or encounter with the Divine', 'answer_start': 310}
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Plant responses to climate and other environmental changes can inform our understanding of how these changes affect ecosystem function and productivity. For example, plant phenology can be a useful proxy for temperature in historical climatology, and the biological impact of climate change and global warming. Palynolog...
How can historical changes in the environment be detected?
{'text': 'plant phenology', 'answer_start': 166}
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A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admi...
Is the percentage of admixture in the modern Ashkenazi genome higher or lower than previously thought?
{'text': 'admixture is considerably higher', 'answer_start': 316}
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In 2005 two city council members, Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of extortion, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud for taking campaign contributions from a strip club owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange...
What two members of city council were convicted of extortion in 2005?
{'text': 'Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet', 'answer_start': 34}
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In Norway, students having seen celebrations in Paris introduced Carnival processions, masked balls and Carnival balls to Christiana in the 1840s and 1850s. From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kuns...
Who composed the song "Karneval in Paris"?
{'text': 'Johan Svendsens', 'answer_start': 280}
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Airports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub, and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports. One such example of this is The Terminal, a film about a man who becomes permanently grounded in an airport...
In what year was the Langoliers made?
{'text': '(1970)', 'answer_start': 491}
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Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system tha...
When did the Soviet government begin only speaking fricative?
{'text': 'By the mid-20th century', 'answer_start': 205}
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In September 2006, German officials seized MP3 players from SanDisk's booth at the IFA show in Berlin after an Italian patents firm won an injunction on behalf of Sisvel against SanDisk in a dispute over licensing rights. The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the sam...
What did German officials seize from SanDisk on September 2006?
{'text': 'MP3 players', 'answer_start': 43}
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Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi. T...
In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin?
{'text': 'in 1264 or shortly before', 'answer_start': 178}
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The Xbox 360's advantage over its competitors was due to the release of high profile titles from both first party and third party developers. The 2007 Game Critics Awards honored the platform with 38 nominations and 12 wins – more than any other platform. By March 2008, the Xbox 360 had reached a software attach rate o...
How many awards did the Wii win?
{'text': '12', 'answer_start': 216}
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The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the U.S. Air Force for strikes in Pakistan in order to avoid breaching sovereignty through mi...
What term was Pakistan accused of abusing?
{'text': 'Global War on Terror', 'answer_start': 464}
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In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in th...
Letter case is used to distinction betweem lowercase and uppercase letter in which common representation of certain languages?
{'text': 'written', 'answer_start': 322}
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On the island of Crete, along with the lyra and the laouto (lute), the mandolin is one of the main instruments used in Cretan Music. It appeared on Crete around the time of the Venetian rule of the island. Different variants of the mandolin, such as the "mantola," were used to accompany the lyra, the violin, and the la...
What Island is the mandolin not a main instrument in Cretan Music?
{'text': 'Crete', 'answer_start': 17}
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USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as...
USB has become what on other devices?
{'text': 'commonplace', 'answer_start': 283}
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The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on 30 October 2000, followed by BeiDou-1B on 20 December 2000. The third satellite, BeiDou-1C (a backup satellite), was put into orbit on 25 May 2003. The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system.
What was the name of the third submarine launched for the system?
{'text': 'BeiDou-1C', 'answer_start': 129}
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Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal stru...
What is the determining factor where zinc and magnesium are very similar chemically?
{'text': 'ionic radius', 'answer_start': 353}
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On 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477, in which he referred to the feast as that of the Co...
What was introduced to the Roman diocese in 1476?
{'text': 'the feast', 'answer_start': 88}
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It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du "Cubisme" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bear...
In what year was Du "Cubisme" published?
{'text': '1912', 'answer_start': 138}
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The study of plants is vital because they underpin almost all animal life on Earth by generating a large proportion of the oxygen and food that provide humans and other organisms with aerobic respiration with the chemical energy they need to exist. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that ...
What vital element is a byproduct of photosynthesis?
{'text': 'oxygen', 'answer_start': 618}
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The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas "Amerindian" is used in Quebec, The Guianas, and the English-spea...
What term is used in Argentina to refer to the original peoples of a continent?
{'text': 'Aborigen', 'answer_start': 196}
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Today, thanks to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best ...
How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?
{'text': '29', 'answer_start': 359}
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Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Corr...
"The Little Horse" is also known as what?
{'text': 'equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain', 'answer_start': 440}
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Unlike most other cities, Strasbourg's collections of European art are divided into several museums according not only to type and area, but also to epoch. Old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, old master paintings from all the rest o...
When was the Musee d'art moderne et contemporain finished?
{'text': '1871', 'answer_start': 883}
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The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cru...
Which port is Sicily's primary port?
{'text': 'The port of Palermo', 'answer_start': 0}
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The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California. The Spanish explorers explored areas of 4...
Besides Florida, Texas, and Colorado, which other states were included in the colonization?
{'text': 'Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California', 'answer_start': 218}
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On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major Le...
When did the Cubs record their 10,000 regular-season win?
{'text': 'April 23, 2008', 'answer_start': 3}
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During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval ...
Submarine Squadron 3 is homeported at what type of military base?
{'text': 'Naval Base', 'answer_start': 314}
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During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted ...
What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?
{'text': 'Russian', 'answer_start': 337}
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Henry VIII's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall, built in 1514–1516 for Cardinal Wolsey, is in the basement of Main Building, and is used for entertainment. The entire vaulted brick structure of the cellar was encased in steel and concrete and relocated nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet (5.8 m) deeper in 194...
Where is Cardinal Wolsey buried?
{'text': 'nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet (5.8 m) deep', 'answer_start': 258}
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In 1999, there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard. During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia entered the store masked and began opening fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez. They then ran outside to a getaway vehicle driven b...
In what year was Westside Clothing founded?
{'text': '1999', 'answer_start': 3}
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The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian be...
How many county-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?
{'text': '90', 'answer_start': 70}
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Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, which is home to the Philadelphia Orchestra, generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States, and t...
Who uses the opera house?
{'text': 'Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet', 'answer_start': 408}
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Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs. Untreated to...
About how many people get a Toxocara infection each year?
{'text': '10,000', 'answer_start': 101}
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The National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are only a few of th...
What is the earliest period the National Art Gallery has pieces from?
{'text': 'the Middle Ages', 'answer_start': 81}
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The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ...
Along with light cavalry, what military arm declined in importance during the Early Middle Ages?
{'text': 'infantry', 'answer_start': 18}
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During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman militar...
What military arm did the Visigoths have a large amount of?
{'text': 'cavalry', 'answer_start': 522}
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Though women were protected by late Sumerian law and were able to achieve a higher status in Sumer than in other contemporary civilizations, the culture was male-dominated. The Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest such codification yet discovered, dating to the Ur-III "Sumerian Renaissance", reveals a glimpse at societal struc...
How many strata existed in Sumerian society?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 431}
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In practice, culture referred to an élite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. As these forms were associated with urban life, "culture" was identified with "civilization" (from lat. civitas, city). Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, ...
When did the idea of "culture" stop in Europe?
{'text': 'during the 18th and early 19th centuries', 'answer_start': 565}
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Hokkien, especially Taiwanese, is sometimes written in the Latin script using one of several alphabets. Of these the most popular is Pe̍h-ōe-jī (traditional Chinese: 白話字; simplified Chinese: 白话字; pinyin: Báihuàzì). POJ was developed first by Presbyterian missionaries in China and later by the indigenous Presbyterian Ch...
What is the name of the traditional Chinese alphabet?
{'text': 'Pe̍h-ōe-jī', 'answer_start': 133}
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Outsourcing production to low wage countries like Bangladesh, China, India and Sri Lanka became possible when the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was abolished. The MFA, which placed quotas on textiles imports, was deemed a protectionist measure.[citation needed] Globalization is often quoted as the single most contributin...
What did the MFA put quotas on?
{'text': 'textiles imports', 'answer_start': 189}
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The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the fo...
When can players move the ball in no direction?
{'text': 'the pitch', 'answer_start': 455}
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There were guilds of dyers who specialized in red in Venice and other large Europeans cities. The Rubia plant was used to make the most common dye; it produced an orange-red or brick red color used to dye the clothes of merchants and artisans. For the wealthy, the dye used was Kermes, made from a tiny scale insect whic...
The wealthiest in Europe used what red dye?
{'text': 'Polish Cochineal', 'answer_start': 411}
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At Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans. It...
What is the importance pertaining to the age of the hominid that was found in Eritrea?
{'text': 'it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind', 'answer_start': 193}
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If a party has materially violated or breached its treaty obligations, the other parties may invoke this breach as grounds for temporarily suspending their obligations to that party under the treaty. A material breach may also be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating the treaty itself.
What may be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating a treaty?
{'text': 'A material breach', 'answer_start': 200}
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The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and...
What was the scope of the ice age that began at the same time as the Paleozoic period?
{'text': 'global', 'answer_start': 337}
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The Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) responded to Berkeley's criticisms of Locke, as well as other differences between early modern philosophers, and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism. Hume argued in keeping with the empiricist view that all knowledge derives from sense experience, but he accepte...
What two types of arguments did Locke say there are?
{'text': 'demonstrative and probable', 'answer_start': 446}
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Such a theory would be true with higher probability, because it cannot be attacked so easily: to falsify the first one, it is sufficient to find that the sun has stopped rising; to falsify the second one, one additionally needs the assumption that the given day has not yet been reached. Popper held that it is the least...
For Popper, knowing that a theory is true is what?
{'text': 'impossible', 'answer_start': 636}
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The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales. The second and third best selling were Enbrel and Remicade, respectively. The top three best-selling drugs in the United States in 2013 were Abil...
What was the bestselling drug in 2011?
{'text': 'Lipitor', 'answer_start': 415}
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German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population. Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City. Other languages include French with 8,258 speakers (0.3%),...
How many Native American languages are used in Oklahoma?
{'text': 'more than 25', 'answer_start': 562}
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Franklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, reorganizing it into a true university, whereas before, its organization had remnants of the Academy days. At the beginning of his tenure, t...
Who was responsible for getting BYU acknowledged as an official university?
{'text': 'Franklin S. Harris', 'answer_start': 0}
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In the north, the Republic of Novgorod prospered because it controlled trade routes from the River Volga to the Baltic Sea. As Kievan Rus' declined, Novgorod became more independent. A local oligarchy ruled Novgorod; major government decisions were made by a town assembly, which also elected a prince as the city's mili...
What happened to Novgorod when Kievan Rus began to decline?
{'text': 'became more independent', 'answer_start': 158}
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Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (...
What shape was the Sixaxis final model in?
{'text': 'boomerang', 'answer_start': 129}
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Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming. The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror. Plasterwork ceilings, carved wood, and bold schemes of wallpaint formed a backdrop to in...
Where was very expensive wallpaper imported from?
{'text': 'China', 'answer_start': 562}
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While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the nee...
Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday?
{'text': 'after', 'answer_start': 193}
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Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The P...
In what year did San Diego become part of the United States?
{'text': '1850', 'answer_start': 571}
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Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military pow...
What notable historical event occurred in Japan in 1868?
{'text': 'the Meiji Restoration', 'answer_start': 180}
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Imperial's main campus is located in the South Kensington area of central London. It is situated in an area of South Kensington, known as Albertopolis, which has a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions, adjacent to the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Ro...
In which decade did the expansion of the South Kensington campus being?
{'text': '1950s', 'answer_start': 625}
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The portion of the city south of the James River is known as the Southside. Neighborhoods in the city's Southside area range from affluent and middle class suburban neighborhoods Westover Hills, Forest Hill, Southampton, Stratford Hills, Oxford, Huguenot Hills, Hobby Hill, and Woodland Heights to the impoverished Manch...
What name is given to the part of Richmond located to the south of the James?
{'text': 'Southside', 'answer_start': 65}
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The history of Academies in France during the Enlightenment begins with the Academy of Science, founded in 1635 in Paris. It was closely tied to the French state, acting as an extension of a government seriously lacking in scientists. It helped promote and organize new disciplines, and it trained new scientists. It als...
What percentage of clerics were members of the Academy of Science?
{'text': '13 percent', 'answer_start': 598}
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Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li...
What year did Albert Bernhard Frank agree to define "symbiosis" as "the living together of unlike organisms."?
{'text': '1879', 'answer_start': 330}
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When he became First Consul and later Emperor, Napoleon eschewed his general's uniform and habitually wore the simple green colonel uniform (non-Hussar) of a colonel of the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard, the regiment that often served as his personal escort, with a large bicorne. He also habitually wore (usua...
What is the name of the regiment that frequently served as Napoleon's escort?
{'text': 'the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard', 'answer_start': 169}
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The first appearance of the term 'affirmative action' was in the National Labor Relations Act, better known as the Wagner Act, of 1935.:15 Proposed and championed by U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner of New York, the Wagner Act was in line with President Roosevelt's goal of providing economic security to workers and other ...
Who was the author of the National Non-Labor Relations Act?
{'text': 'U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner', 'answer_start': 166}
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Tax shifting has been widely discussed and endorsed by economists. It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market. For example, a tax on coal that included the increased health care costs associated with breathing polluted ai...
What involves raising income taxes while lowering levies?
{'text': 'Tax shifting', 'answer_start': 0}
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Montevideo has a very rich architectural heritage and an impressive number of writers, artists, and musicians. Uruguayan tango is a unique form of dance that originated in the neighbourhoods of Montevideo towards the end of the 1800s. Tango, candombe and murga are the three main styles of music in this city. The city i...
Tango, candombe and murga are three main styles of what?
{'text': 'music', 'answer_start': 290}
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When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase, it credits the seller's reserve account (with the Federal Reserve). This money is not transferred from any existing funds—it is at this point that the Federal Reserve has created new high-powered money. Commercial banks can freely withdraw in cash any excess reserves from thei...
Which organization orders existing funds?
{'text': 'Bureau of the Mint', 'answer_start': 607}
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On January 6, 2016, the league took over "ownership and operational control" of the Portland Thunder from its previous owners. The AFL stated this move was made after months of trying work out an arrangement "to provide financial and operational support." On February 3, 2016, it was announced that the franchise will st...
What team did the league take control of?
{'text': 'Portland Thunder', 'answer_start': 84}
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Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiograp...
Feynman wrote many books and gave many ___
{'text': 'lectures', 'answer_start': 65}
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Glacial moraines are formed by the deposition of material from a glacier and are exposed after the glacier has retreated. They usually appear as linear mounds of till, a non-sorted mixture of rock, gravel and boulders within a matrix of a fine powdery material. Terminal or end moraines are formed at the foot or termina...
What blankets the surface of a glacier?
{'text': 'ground moraines', 'answer_start': 575}
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In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan).
Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?
{'text': 'shorter', 'answer_start': 195}
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Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the m...
What is the name of the U.S. Senate report giving their conclusions for the cause of the crisis?
{'text': 'Levin–Coburn Report', 'answer_start': 117}
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Furthermore, in the case of far-right, far-left and regionalism parties in the national parliaments of much of the European Union, mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those "Outsider Parties" present in the legislature which are viewed as...
What did Outsider Parties form because they didn't want to cooperate with government?
{'text': 'cordon sanitarian', 'answer_start': 181}
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Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal.
What was the Chinese government first praised for?
{'text': 'response to the quake', 'answer_start': 62}
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Alternatives to pesticides are available and include methods of cultivation, use of biological pest controls (such as pheromones and microbial pesticides), genetic engineering, and methods of interfering with insect breeding. Application of composted yard waste has also been used as a way of controlling pests. These me...
What chemical is secreted by insects when they are breeding?
{'text': 'pheromones', 'answer_start': 118}
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Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations ar...
How must machine translations be transformed by a robot?
{'text': 'reviewed and edited', 'answer_start': 508}
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The Duchy of Lancaster is one of two royal duchies in England. It has landholdings throughout the region and elsewhere, operating as a property company, but also exercising the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster. While the administrative boundaries changed in the 1970s, the county palatine boundarie...
When was the Duchy of Lancaster established?
{'text': '1970s', 'answer_start': 284}
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As computers grew in speed and capability, a number of general-purpose database systems emerged; by the mid-1960s a number of such systems had come into commercial use. Interest in a standard began to grow, and Charles Bachman, author of one such product, the Integrated Data Store (IDS), founded the "Database Task Grou...
What group discovered COBOL?
{'text': 'Database Task Group', 'answer_start': 302}
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Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity o...
On which date was Mahatma Gandhi killed?
{'text': '30 January 1948', 'answer_start': 124}
102
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pubqa
In the winter and spring of 2011 a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in Skellefte municipality, Sweden. This study summarizes the outbreak investigation in terms of outbreak size, duration, clinical characteristics, possible source(s) and the potential for earlier detection using calls to a health advice lin...
How was the event first detected?
{'answer_id': 265065, 'document_id': 394251, 'question_id': 138420, 'text': 'large numbers of sick people, and higher-than- normal contacts regarding symptoms of gastrointestinal illness reported by the nurses staffing the regional health advice line, ', 'answer_start': 25356, 'answer_category': 'LONG'}
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At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canber...
Where was the first federal parliament convened in 1901?
{'text': 'Royal Exhibition Building', 'answer_start': 179}
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Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 Ju...
Since which year has FIFA been the governing body of football?
{'text': '1995', 'answer_start': 232}
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Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk...
What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as?
{'text': 'Ghazi emirates', 'answer_start': 346}
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Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th...
How many times was Naguib wounded?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 462}
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generic
In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia i...
What does Africa Orientale Italiana mean?
{'text': 'Italian East Africa', 'answer_start': 330}
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The winner, Taira no Kiyomori, became an imperial advisor, and was the first warrior to attain such a position. He eventually seized control of the central government, establishing the first samurai-dominated government and relegating the Emperor to figurehead status. However, the Taira clan was still very conservative...
What role did the Emperor have in the samurai-controlled government?
{'text': 'figurehead', 'answer_start': 250}
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Political unification returned in the mid-16th century, due to the efforts of Taungoo, a former vassal state of Ava. Taungoo's young, ambitious king Tabinshwehti defeated the more powerful Hanthawaddy in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–41). His successor Bayinnaung went on to conquer a vast swath of mainland Southeas...
In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ?
{'text': '1599', 'answer_start': 570}
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Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors. Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent. Athanasiu...
What was he accused of doing to a church?
{'text': 'defiling an altar', 'answer_start': 154}
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In 1592, and again in 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, aiming to invade China (唐入り) through Korea, mobilized an army of 160,000 peasants and samurai and deployed them to Korea. (See Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea, Chōsen-seibatsu (朝鮮征伐?). Taking advantage of arquebus mastery and extensive wartime experience from the Sengoku p...
When was the Battle of Sacheon?
{'text': '1598', 'answer_start': 937}
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Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and ...
Where is the Silver State Coach housed?
{'text': 'the Royal Mews', 'answer_start': 26}
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In late 1977, music writers for Sounds first used the terms "New Musick" and "post punk" to describe British acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire, who began experimenting with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics that differed significantly from their punk contemporaries. Writer Jon Savage described some of these e...
When did the Sex Pistols form?
{'text': 'January 1978', 'answer_start': 440}
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generic
Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultura...
What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?
{'text': 'significant financial impact', 'answer_start': 19}
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For its complete North American release, the Nintendo Entertainment System was progressively released over the ensuing years in four different bundles: the Deluxe Set, the Control Deck, the Action Set and the Power Set. The Deluxe Set, retailing at US$199.99 (equivalent to $475 in 2016), included R.O.B., a light gun ca...
The Basic Set sold for how much at release?
{'text': 'US$89.99', 'answer_start': 1364}
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Fossilized spores suggest that higher plants (embryophytes) have lived on land for at least 475 million years. Early land plants reproduced sexually with flagellated, swimming sperm, like the green algae from which they evolved. An adaptation to terrestrialization was the development of upright meiosporangia for disper...
What are the nearest algal relatives existing today?
{'text': 'Charophycean green algae', 'answer_start': 432}
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intellige...
How many categories of federal crimes does the U.S. Intelligence Community have jurisdiction over?
{'text': '200', 'answer_start': 563}