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Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing on Tuesday. But he added the scale of the disaster was such that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The Economist noted th...
What organization did Francis Marcus represent?
{'text': 'International Federation of the Red Cross', 'answer_start': 22}
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Ibn Sīnā refers to the secondary education stage of maktab schooling as a period of specialisation when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status. He writes that children after the age of 14 should be allowed to choose and specialise in subjects they have an interest in, whether it...
What should secondary training provide a student in the secondary stage of school?
{'text': 'future career', 'answer_start': 505}
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The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!", which refers to the white EVA ...
What film inspired the name of the iPod?
{'text': '2001: A Space Odyssey', 'answer_start': 222}
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On 12 January 1953, he was appointed Patriarch of Venice and, accordingly, raised to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca by Pope Pius XII. Roncalli left France for Venice on 23 February 1953 stopping briefly in Milan and then to Rome. On 15 March 1953, he took possession of his new diocese in Venice. As a sign ...
What rank was Pope Pius XII raised to?
{'text': 'the rank of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca', 'answer_start': 85}
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Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts.
Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in the second millennium BC?
{'text': 'Micronesians', 'answer_start': 0}
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Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases di...
When was McDermott elected to office?
{'text': '1988', 'answer_start': 464}
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For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek sp...
How weren't the population factions of the Ottoman Empire classified
{'text': 'religion', 'answer_start': 66}
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During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. B...
What started 461 Ma?
{'text': 'Devonian period', 'answer_start': 339}
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Football and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in Nepal and there are several stadiums in the city. The sport is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) from its headquarters in Kathmandu. The only international football stadium in the city is the Dasarath Rangasala Stadium,...
How many people can fit in Dasarath Rangasala Stadium?
{'text': '25,000', 'answer_start': 498}
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During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 40.2% have a different mother lang...
How many students were attending school during the 2009-2010 school year?
{'text': '10,979', 'answer_start': 54}
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Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq...
Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history?
{'text': 'Four Empires', 'answer_start': 77}
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Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network r...
What type of programming is permitted to be broadcast in Canada?
{'text': 'Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats', 'answer_start': 227}
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Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They belie...
What Christian religion believes Jesus died on a cross?
{'text': "Jehovah's Witnesses", 'answer_start': 0}
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On 21 September, the Soviets and Germans signed a formal agreement coordinating military movements in Poland, including the "purging" of saboteurs. A joint German–Soviet parade was held in Lvov and Brest-Litovsk, while the countries commanders met in the latter location. Stalin had decided in August that he was going t...
Where weren't cooperative military parades held?
{'text': 'Lvov and Brest-Litovsk', 'answer_start': 189}
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On January 13, 1887, the U,S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. By the ...
On what date did the US Government stop legal action?
{'text': 'November 30, 1897', 'answer_start': 830}
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New York City's public bus fleet is the largest in North America, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal, the main intercity bus terminal of the city, serves 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters daily, making it the busiest bus station in the world.
How many New Yorkers ride the bus on a daily basis?
{'text': '200,000', 'answer_start': 171}
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Roman religion was thus practical and contractual, based on the principle of do ut des, "I give that you might give." Religion depended on knowledge and the correct practice of prayer, ritual, and sacrifice, not on faith or dogma, although Latin literature preserves learned speculation on the nature of the divine and i...
What was brought forth by religion in Rome?
{'text': 'social order', 'answer_start': 468}
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The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a...
What was the youngest age of a child working in a factory?
{'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 125}
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Baryonic matter is the part of the universe that is made of baryons (including all atoms). This part of the universe does not include dark energy, dark matter, black holes or various forms of degenerate matter, such as compose white dwarf stars and neutron stars. Microwave light seen by Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy P...
What probe saw white dwarf stars?
{'text': 'Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)', 'answer_start': 288}
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The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launche...
When was the Somali National Television station first launched?
{'text': 'After a 20-year hiatus', 'answer_start': 240}
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Kirant Mundhum is one of the indigenous animistic practices of Nepal. It is practiced by Kirat people. Some animistic aspects of Kirant beliefs, such as ancestor worship (worship of Ajima) are also found in Newars of Kirant origin. Ancient religious sites believed to be worshipped by ancient Kirats, such as Pashupatina...
Who follows the Kirant Mudhum faith?
{'text': 'Kirat people', 'answer_start': 89}
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Towards the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s, producers such as Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain and DJ Falcon began producing a new sound out of Paris's house scene. Together, they laid the groundwork for what would be known as the French house movement. By combining the harder-edged-yet-soulful philosophy...
Daft Chicago began producing a new sound out of what European city?
{'text': 'Paris', 'answer_start': 158}
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Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and au...
Where does TUI AG host their headquarters?
{'text': 'Hanover', 'answer_start': 738}
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Dutch vocabulary is predominantly Germanic in origin, with an additional share of loanwords of 20%. The main foreign influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century and culminating in the French period has been French and (northern) French, accounting for an estimated 6.8%, or more than a third of all loanwords. L...
What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century?
{'text': 'French', 'answer_start': 216}
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Text is frequently incorporated into comics via speech balloons, captions, and sound effects. Speech balloons indicate dialogue (or thought, in the case of thought balloons), with tails pointing at their respective speakers. Captions can give voice to a narrator, convey characters' dialogue or thoughts, or indicate pla...
The presence of a single speech balloon in an image turns it into what?
{'text': 'comics', 'answer_start': 37}
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The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include Josephus, referring to "the tribe of Christians, so named from him;" Pliny the Younger in correspondence with Trajan; and Tacitus, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the Annals he relates that "by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly c...
Which group is identified as Nero's scapegoats for the Great Fire of Pliny the Younger?
{'text': 'Christians', 'answer_start': 353}
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Due to many centuries of intensive settlement, most of the area is shaped by human influence. The original natural vegetation of Thuringia is forest with beech as its predominant species, as can still be found in the Hainich mountains today. In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural. However, most ...
Where do most landscape problems come from?
{'text': 'increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months', 'answer_start': 772}
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The son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becomin...
Describe the Popular Revolution.
{'text': "formation of General People's Committees (GPCs), purported to be a system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions", 'answer_start': 939}
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Following the 2007 Federal Election, Dr Brendan Nelson was elected leader by the Parliamentary Liberal Party. On 16 September 2008, in a second contest following a spill motion, Nelson lost the leadership to Malcolm Turnbull. On 1 December 2009, a subsequent leadership election saw Turnbull lose the leadership to Tony ...
How close was the race betwen Turnbull and Abbott in 2009?
{'text': '42 votes to 41', 'answer_start': 330}
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Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than ...
What does flying in flocks reduce?
{'text': 'energy cost', 'answer_start': 91}
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The Greater Richmond area was named the third-best city for business by MarketWatch in September 2007, ranking behind only the Minneapolis and Denver areas and just above Boston. The area is home to six Fortune 500 companies: electric utility Dominion Resources; CarMax; Owens & Minor; Genworth Financial; MeadWestvaco; ...
What company moved to Richmond from Connecticut?
{'text': 'MeadWestvaco', 'answer_start': 690}
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Instruction is the facilitation of another's learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in post-secondary institutions might be calle...
What are not main subjects covered by teachers?
{'text': 'reading, writing, mathematics, science and history', 'answer_start': 211}
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Daphne was a nymph, daughter of the river god Peneus, who had scorned Apollo. The myth explains the connection of Apollo with δάφνη (daphnē), the laurel whose leaves his priestess employed at Delphi. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Phoebus Apollo chaffs Cupid for toying with a weapon more suited to a man, whereupon Cupid woun...
Who shot Daphne with a leaden arrow?
{'text': 'Cupid', 'answer_start': 372}
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According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports, in 2010 the Raleigh Police Department and other agencies in the city reported 1,740 incidents of violent crime and 12,995 incidents of property crime – far below both the national average and the North Carolina average. Of the violent crimes repo...
What were there 15,995 of in 2010?
{'text': 'property crime', 'answer_start': 209}
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Anthropology of development tends to view development from a critical perspective. The kind of issues addressed and implications for the approach simply involve pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why are those work...
What type of development rarely fails?
{'text': 'planned development', 'answer_start': 507}
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Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
Other than infrared light, what type of light is responsible for heating the Earth?
{'text': 'visible', 'answer_start': 266}
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On 1 August, the British fleet under Horatio Nelson captured or destroyed all but two French vessels in the Battle of the Nile, defeating Bonaparte's goal to strengthen the French position in the Mediterranean. His army had succeeded in a temporary increase of French power in Egypt, though it faced repeated uprisings. ...
In what year did Napoleon lead his army into Damascus?
{'text': '1799', 'answer_start': 329}
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The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, ...
To what political party is Mayor Turner aligned?
{'text': 'Democrat', 'answer_start': 322}
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Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through...
How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty?
{'text': 'eleven', 'answer_start': 230}
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In the 1990s, marked by the liberalization of language development and mother tongue movement in Taiwan, Taiwanese Hokkien had undergone a fast pace in its development. In 1993, Taiwan became the first region in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese schools. In 2001, the local Taiwanese ...
When did Taiwanese Hokkien have a fast change in development?
{'text': 'In the 1990s', 'answer_start': 0}
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Their endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Hos...
What happened to madrasa in the 10000's?
{'text': 'became universities.', 'answer_start': 409}
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New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971. WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television ...
When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network created?
{'text': '1971', 'answer_start': 185}
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Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts. The first is a brief audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors which may include one of the show's producers. Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions. Successful c...
What is the only televised portion of the preliminary audition rounds?
{'text': 'in front of the judges', 'answer_start': 426}
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Beyoncé has won 20 Grammy Awards, both as a solo artist and member of Destiny's Child, making her the second most honored female artist by the Grammys, behind Alison Krauss and the most nominated woman in Grammy Award history with 52 nominations. "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" won Song of the Year in 2010 while "Sa...
What movie had Beyoncé nominated as Best Actress for Golden Globe Awards?
{'text': 'Dreamgirls', 'answer_start': 756}
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This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism. More and more critical infrastructure is being controlled via computer programs that, while increasing efficiency, exposes new vulnerabilities. The test will be to see if governments and corporations that control critical systems such as energy, communi...
Who disagreed with the saying "Connectedness begets vulnerability"?
{'text': 'Jay Cross', 'answer_start': 404}
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The Somerset Levels (or Somerset Levels and Moors as they are less commonly but more correctly known) are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills. They consist of marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors. The Levels are divided into...
What is the total area of the levels
{'text': 'The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres)', 'answer_start': 468}
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Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbou...
What law enables parents no control over their child's education?
{'text': 'Education Reform Act', 'answer_start': 15}
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After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symb...
Where did the Olympics originate?
{'text': 'Olympia, Greece', 'answer_start': 58}
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In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country i...
What did the Home Office loosen its rules for in 1999?
{'text': 'granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union.', 'answer_start': 167}
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In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life. Monks are venerated and supported by the lay people. A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu is the most important coming of age events for a boy, during which he enters the monastery for a short time. All male children in Buddhist families are encou...
What do many villages have that protects them in times of imminent or impending danger ?
{'text': 'Many villages have a guardian nat', 'answer_start': 634}
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In the groups Z/nZ introduced above, the element 1 is primitive, so these groups are cyclic. Indeed, each element is expressible as a sum all of whose terms are 1. Any cyclic group with n elements is isomorphic to this group. A second example for cyclic groups is the group of n-th complex roots of unity, given by compl...
What example of cyclic group satisfies the express of zn = 1?
{'text': 'the group of n-th complex roots of unity', 'answer_start': 264}
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The pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain evoked by the ...
What is pain evoked by a-delta fibers described as?
{'text': 'sharp and is felt first', 'answer_start': 360}
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Since the 1990s food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar. They may have a separate dining room. Some pubs serve meals to a higher standard, to match good restaurant standards; these are so...
Other than the bar, in what room might patrons of a pub eat?
{'text': 'dining room', 'answer_start': 215}
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In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was tho...
What town did Von Neumann's family become associated when elevated to nobility?
{'text': 'Marghita', 'answer_start': 203}
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Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s...
What does the tongue produce with g and x?
{'text': 'slight frication (affricate sounds)', 'answer_start': 599}
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Red played an important role in Chinese philosophy. It was believed that the world was composed of five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth, and that each had a color. Red was associated with fire. Each Emperor chose the color that his fortune-tellers believed would bring the most prosperity and good fortune t...
What color was associated with water?
{'text': 'Red', 'answer_start': 177}
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Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
Aside from general advice what did the texts contain?
{'text': 'specific formal prescriptions', 'answer_start': 105}
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In eastern Pennsylvania the Great Appalachian Valley, or Great Valley, was accessible by reason of a broad gateway between the end of South Mountain and the Highlands, and many Germans and Moravians settled here between the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers forming the Pennsylvania Dutch community, some of whom even now ...
Who did the English cede Shenandoah Valley to?
{'text': 'Iroquois', 'answer_start': 675}
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One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch...
What fighting formation would eventually replace the phalanx in battle?
{'text': 'manipular formation', 'answer_start': 292}
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Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Old English grammar is quite similar to that of modern German: no...
To what language group does Old English belong?
{'text': 'West Germanic', 'answer_start': 26}
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Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c...
When was Le Verrier born?
{'text': '23 September 1846', 'answer_start': 430}
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King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for a short time in 1950 when it was temporarily stolen by Scottish national...
What is the name of the throne unused for coronation?
{'text': "King Edward's Chair", 'answer_start': 0}
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Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse...
What type of exoskeleton do insects have?
{'text': 'chitinous', 'answer_start': 157}
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It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. ...
Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ?
{'text': 'St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.', 'answer_start': 801}
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Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robe...
When did the Tories regain power?
{'text': '1760', 'answer_start': 721}
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On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play ...
How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds?
{'text': 'one third', 'answer_start': 607}
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Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized. Wrestlers in Mexico are traditionally more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers than professional wrestlers in the U.S. who, more often, rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents. The di...
What do American wrestlers depend on?
{'text': 'rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents', 'answer_start': 255}
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In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; th...
Which countries owned Mexican debt?
{'text': 'Spain, England, and France', 'answer_start': 109}
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The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well int...
Did the original chieftains maintain power political power?
{'text': 'The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley', 'answer_start': 340}
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Architectural design competitions are used by an organisation that plans to build a new building or refurbish an existing building. They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks. A competition typically asks for architects and/or designers to submit a d...
What kind of artistic production can no longer be supported by design competitions?
{'text': 'public realm artworks', 'answer_start': 223}
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The FA permitted artificial turf (3G) pitches in all rounds of the competition from the 2014–15 edition and beyond. Under the 2015-16 rules, the pitch must be of FIFA One Star quality, or Two Star for ties if they involve one of the 92 professional clubs. This followed approval two years previously for their use in the...
Where was the first #G surface game played?
{'text': "first match in the proper rounds to be played on a 3G surface was a televised first round replay at Maidstone United's Gallagher Stadium on 20 November 2015.", 'answer_start': 559}
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Many students are involved in community service in one form or another. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800...
What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa or Latin America?
{'text': 'Global Engagement Summer Institute', 'answer_start': 871}
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There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Univ...
In Aten what is the name for the Holy Spirit?
{'text': 'Waheguru', 'answer_start': 1092}
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After being rendered obsolete by the redesign, the 1895 replica was presented in 1910 to the FA's long-serving president Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, and his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005. It was duly sold at Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for...
Was the cup lost during that time?
{'text': 'his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005', 'answer_start': 163}
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In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. S...
Why did Stalin sign the pact?
{'text': 'reinforce a public affection for Germany', 'answer_start': 277}
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The Schnellweg (en: expressway) system, a number of Bundesstraße roads, forms a structure loosely resembling a large ring road together with A2 and A7. The roads are B 3, B 6 and B 65, called Westschnellweg (B6 on the northern part, B3 on the southern part), Messeschnellweg (B3, becomes A37 near Burgdorf, crosses A2, b...
What road is called the B6 on the southern part?
{'text': 'Westschnellweg', 'answer_start': 192}
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Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. State...
What cause did James Wickersham focus on in his early Congressional tenure?
{'text': 'Statehood for Alaska', 'answer_start': 0}
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The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the ...
What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Francisco?
{'text': 'SANDAG', 'answer_start': 415}
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In 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-century theo...
What did DC Sinclair develop in 1934?
{'text': 'peripheral pattern theory', 'answer_start': 46}
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In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor...
What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?
{'text': 'Transit ISPs', 'answer_start': 552}
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Naturally occurring glass, especially the volcanic glass obsidian, has been used by many Stone Age societies across the globe for the production of sharp cutting tools and, due to its limited source areas, was extensively traded. But in general, archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coa...
What was obsidian used to make in prehistoric times?
{'text': 'cutting tools', 'answer_start': 154}
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Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is kno...
Who is known for maintaining her autonomy and reinventing her image in the music industry?
{'text': 'Madonna', 'answer_start': 0}
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Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with ...
What did the Lorenz beam allow aircraft to do?
{'text': 'land at night or in bad weather', 'answer_start': 168}
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Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applicat...
What causes HEMTs to have high speed and low noise?
{'text': 'the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors', 'answer_start': 195}
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The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t...
Do antibiotics interact with intestinal flora?
{'text': 'The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills,', 'answer_start': 0}
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Red is used in modern fashion much as it was used in Medieval painting; to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person who is supposed to be the center of attention. People wearing red seem to be closer than those dressed in other colors, even if they are actually the same distance away. Monarchs, wives of Presidentia...
What older period was red used in fashion?
{'text': 'Medieval', 'answer_start': 53}
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Critical and commercial reception to PS3 improved over time, after a series of price revisions, Blu-ray's victory over HD DVD, and the release of several well received titles. Ars Technica's original launch review gave PS3 only a 6/10, but second review of the console in June 2008 rated it a 9/10. In September 2009, IG...
Which publication called the PlayStation 3 "a brilliant games console"?
{'text': 'Pocket-lint', 'answer_start': 937}
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Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, l...
Who took over after Athanasius?
{'text': 'George of Cappadocia', 'answer_start': 82}
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On 22 July 2010, the British government agreed to help pay for the new airport using taxpayer money. In November 2011 a new deal between the British government and South African civil engineering company Basil Read was signed and the airport was scheduled to open in February 2016, with flights to and from South Africa ...
Which countries will be able to fly to Saint Helena using the airport?
{'text': 'South Africa and the UK', 'answer_start': 307}
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Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the "Edict of Milan", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs ...
What council was first held by Arius?
{'text': 'ecumenical', 'answer_start': 514}
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Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determi...
What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?
{'text': 'mortality', 'answer_start': 832}
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In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification t...
In what year was solar energy introduced as a way to generate electricity?
{'text': '2005', 'answer_start': 7}
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In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on wh...
What political party was Margaret Thatcher the head of in 1975?
{'text': 'British Conservative Party', 'answer_start': 62}
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Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only mon...
What months are nearly completely dry in San Diego?
{'text': 'May through September', 'answer_start': 381}
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Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players ...
Who wasn't well known for important works of traditional bluegrass?
{'text': 'Chris Thile of California', 'answer_start': 479}
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By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Mus...
What language did Catalan descend from?
{'text': 'Vulgar Latin', 'answer_start': 45}
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At the Battle of Pulo Aura, which was probably the company's most notable naval victory, Nathaniel Dance, Commodore of a convoy of Indiamen and sailing aboard the Warley, led several Indiamen in a skirmish with a French squadron, driving them off. Some six years earlier, on 28 January 1797, five Indiamen, the Woodford,...
What policeman played the largest role in the capture of the seven Dutch East Indiamen?
{'text': 'General Goddard', 'answer_start': 711}
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From outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made thei...
Who did Iron Maiden work with to re-introduce blues into hard rock music?
{'text': 'Judas Priest', 'answer_start': 1203}
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One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without...
Black-box coding has been compared to what?
{'text': '"like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight."', 'answer_start': 280}
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Before the 1950s, the department store held an eminent place in both Canada and Australia, during both the Great Depression and World War II. Since then, they have suffered from strong competition from specialist stores. Most recently the competition has intensified with the advent of larger-scale superstores (Jones et...
What types of stores haven't created even more competition?
{'text': 'superstores', 'answer_start': 299}