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113,456 | 113,114 | 572ff126947a6a140053ce42 | generic | Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatura... | What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the events in Theologus Autodidactus? | {'text': 'scientific knowledge', 'answer_start': 433} |
123,826 | 123,484 | 57321ff8e99e3014001e6533 | generic | Between 1832 and 2002 the currency of Greece was the drachma. After signing the Maastricht Treaty, Greece applied to join the eurozone. The two main convergence criteria were a maximum budget deficit of 3% of GDP and a declining public debt if it stood above 60% of GDP. Greece met the criteria as shown in its 1999 annu... | When did the physical exchange of the drachma to euro take place? | {'text': 'January 2002', 'answer_start': 580} |
11,420 | 11,078 | 5a83141fe60761001a2eb379 | generic | The BBC operates several television networks, television stations (although there is generally very little distinction between the two terms in the UK), and related programming services in the United Kingdom. As well as being a broadcaster, the corporation also produces a large number of its own programmes in-house, th... | Where does the BBC operate several station networks? | {'text': 'United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 193} |
81,756 | 81,414 | 5727cbd8ff5b5019007d956f | generic | The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivision... | What does the Sahara have little of? | {'text': 'The northern and southern reaches of the desert', 'answer_start': 75} |
35,345 | 35,003 | 570a9aba4103511400d59873 | generic | Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ... | From what language was literature notably translated into West Saxon? | {'text': 'Latin', 'answer_start': 571} |
75,625 | 75,283 | 5727a7f84b864d19001639a1 | generic | In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). More than 200 years later, the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University, N... | What is the largest University in North Carolina? | {'text': 'North Carolina State University', 'answer_start': 1029} |
21,066 | 20,724 | 56e81ee337bdd419002c4436 | generic | The other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered a "dialect," as... | From what language did the regional Romance languages of Italy derive? | {'text': 'Latin', 'answer_start': 905} |
22,128 | 21,786 | 56eab0855a205f1900d6d40f | generic | Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. This is one argument for privatization and deregulation. Opponents of privatization see the argument as ideologic... | What countries have big public sectors but low corruption? | {'text': 'Nordic', 'answer_start': 507} |
21,455 | 21,113 | 56e8701b99e8941900975e0c | generic | Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger wit... | What helped form the Bern countryside? | {'text': 'glaciers', 'answer_start': 184} |
120,344 | 120,002 | 57316ed305b4da19006bd14f | generic | Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection... | What percent of worldwide crops in cultivation derive from the efforts of the America's indigenous people? | {'text': '50–60%', 'answer_start': 162} |
83,703 | 83,361 | 5727e4173acd2414000def1e | generic | Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, s... | How many different airlines operate in Oklahoma? | {'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 319} |
120,926 | 120,584 | 5ad4fde95b96ef001a10a8b2 | generic | Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and r... | What did Karl Marx publish in 1884? | {'text': 'Communist Manifesto', 'answer_start': 24} |
79,243 | 78,901 | 5727c2d93acd2414000debf3 | generic | Prizes are awarded on the results of trials (internal exams), GCSE and AS-levels. In addition, many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes, several of which are awarded by visiting experts. The most prestigious is the Newcastle Scholarship, awarded on the strength of an examination, consisting of two pap... | What artistic accomplishments can earn students a prize? | {'text': 'painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design', 'answer_start': 1131} |
15,584 | 15,242 | 56e06c87231d4119001ac0f7 | generic | Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catho... | When did the Seventh-day Adventist arrive on the island? | {'text': '1949', 'answer_start': 188} |
100,409 | 100,067 | 5acd79d907355d001abf43e6 | generic | The concept of 'education through recreation' was applied to childhood development in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include young adults but the emphasis was on physical activities. L.P. Jacks, also an early proponent of lifelong learning, described education through recreati... | Who said "A master in the art of living draws very sharp distinction between his work and his play" | {'text': 'L.P. Jacks', 'answer_start': 226} |
51,735 | 51,393 | 5725caf538643c19005acd13 | generic | World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, although work is still ongoing as of 2010[update]. The complex is composed of three towers, two three-story buildings called World Trade Center Plaza and World Trade Center Avenue and a large central square called Towers Square. World Trade Center 1 was the first... | When did World Trade Center Montevideo officially open? | {'text': '1998', 'answer_start': 51} |
87,428 | 87,086 | 5a5025a7ce860b001aa3faee | generic | The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of asthma is weak. Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication.... | What group recommends having a smoking ban? | {'text': 'the World Health Organization', 'answer_start': 876} |
123,373 | 123,031 | 5731dbdf0fdd8d15006c65a8 | generic | Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September. The average temperature is 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). September, at the end of the dry season, has the highest average maximum temperature, 28... | What is the average maximum temperature in Brasilia in September? | {'text': '28.3 °C (82.9 °F)', 'answer_start': 318} |
66,244 | 65,902 | 5a81c62831013a001a334e91 | generic | Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nation... | What will happen to travelers with an American visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone? | {'text': 'the visa will have ceased', 'answer_start': 562} |
87,194 | 86,852 | 5a32f0a0bd0d7f001aef951e | generic | In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed] On 8 January 2008, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon declared that the Central African Republic was eligible to receive assistanc... | In what year did Ban Ki-Moon request assistance from the UN? | {'text': 'On 12 June 2008', 'answer_start': 561} |
50,983 | 50,641 | 5725d14aec44d21400f3d616 | generic | Israeli literature is primarily poetry and prose written in Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language since the mid-19th century, although a small body of literature is published in other languages, such as English. By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited i... | When is the Hebrew Book Week held? | {'text': 'June', 'answer_start': 603} |
76,332 | 75,990 | 572816302ca10214002d9d99 | generic | In Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. On... | What is a moleben? | {'text': 'religious service', 'answer_start': 141} |
37,802 | 37,460 | 570bc0386b8089140040fa0a | generic | Biodiversity, a contraction of "biological diversity," generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. One of the most widely used definitions defines it in terms of the variability within species, between species, and between ecosystems. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in differen... | What term refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth? | {'text': 'Biodiversity', 'answer_start': 0} |
17,093 | 16,751 | 5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a5 | generic | On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio... | When will the National Communications Regulator be put into place? | {'text': '2012', 'answer_start': 13} |
3,431 | 3,089 | 56cebae8aab44d1400b88940 | generic | In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction. In Mianyang City, seven schools collapsed, burying at least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings throughout the province collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and sta... | How many school buildings collapsed in the province? | {'text': '7,000', 'answer_start': 176} |
86,460 | 86,118 | 572a9804be1ee31400cb8095 | generic | Originally, legislative power was exercised by the sovereign acting on the advice of the Curia Regis, or Royal Council, in which important magnates and clerics participated and which evolved into parliament. The so-called Model Parliament included bishops, abbots, earls, barons, and two knights from each shire and two ... | From what did parliament evolve? | {'text': 'Curia Regis, or Royal Council', 'answer_start': 89} |
14,158 | 13,816 | 56e0a41f7aa994140058e68d | generic | On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR. | What administrative division did Kaliningrad Oblast become a part of? | {'text': 'the Russian SFSR', 'answer_start': 160} |
39,230 | 38,888 | 570c3185ec8fbc190045bd73 | generic | The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located... | What other groups does the FBI Academy train? | {'text': 'state and local law enforcement agencies', 'answer_start': 376} |
114,946 | 114,604 | 57303756a23a5019007fcf9b | generic | Liberia has a long, rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt... | What did President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf have installed in her presidential office? | {'text': 'Liberian-made quilt', 'answer_start': 481} |
85,766 | 85,424 | 572818a43acd2414000df465 | generic | The axiom of foundation established that every set can be constructed from the bottom up in an ordered succession of steps by way of the principles of Zermelo and Fraenkel, in such a manner that if one set belongs to another then the first must necessarily come before the second in the succession, hence excluding the p... | What is the method to demonstrate that no contradictions were created by the addition of axiom of foundation? | {'text': 'method of inner models', 'answer_start': 519} |
36,260 | 35,918 | 5a1f7dfd54a786001a36b2e5 | generic | A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co... | What is a web-based application more expensive than? | {'text': 'a videophone', 'answer_start': 55} |
103,294 | 102,952 | 572eb3abdfa6aa1500f8d2d3 | generic | In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator opera... | Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what? | {'text': 'automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop', 'answer_start': 72} |
10,741 | 10,399 | 56e4731e8c00841900fbaf94 | generic | For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. | To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure? | {'text': 'it is in some way "adorned"', 'answer_start': 143} |
5,775 | 5,433 | 56d1eab6e7d4791d00902518 | generic | Sarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents of Yogacara asser... | What Yogacarins asserted that the mind was not truly existent? | {'text': 'Vasubandhu and Asanga', 'answer_start': 96} |
117,312 | 116,970 | 5730a66b2461fd1900a9cf48 | generic | Game players were not the only ones to notice the violence in this game; US Senators Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman convened a Congressional hearing on December 9, 1993 to investigate the marketing of violent video games to children.[e] While Nintendo took the high ground with moderate success, the hearings led to the cre... | What regulatory change did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to? | {'text': 'the inclusion of ratings on all video games', 'answer_start': 423} |
64,060 | 63,718 | 5ad3e2bf604f3c001a3ff542 | generic | Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architectu... | What is Yale lesser known for? | {'text': 'Collegiate Gothic campus', 'answer_start': 30} |
23,596 | 23,254 | 56f7f7dea6d7ea1400e17333 | generic | Currently, international agreements are executed by executive agreement rather than treaties at a rate of 10:1. Despite the relative ease of executive agreements, the President still often chooses to pursue the formal treaty process over an executive agreement in order to gain congressional support on matters that requ... | The international deal between the US, other countries, and what controversial nation is not a treaty? | {'text': 'Iran', 'answer_start': 528} |
46,878 | 46,536 | 5acec60132bba1001ae4b378 | generic | Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch... | How many books are in the old Testament? | {'text': '27 books', 'answer_start': 52} |
128,087 | 127,745 | 5733ac31d058e614000b5ff4 | generic | The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the ... | In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded? | {'text': '1986', 'answer_start': 303} |
7,063 | 6,721 | 56d5fa0e1c85041400946e84 | generic | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is? | {'text': 'leopards.', 'answer_start': 318} |
103,344 | 103,002 | 572ed00ac246551400ce46cc | generic | When power is lost in a traction elevator system, all elevators will initially come to a halt. One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down. People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will r... | What sequence of events happens when the power shuts off in a traction elevator and the elevators all stop? | {'text': 'One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down', 'answer_start': 95} |
61,524 | 61,182 | 57266cb4708984140094c596 | generic | Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute. Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensib... | Who can reverse an unconstitutional court ruling? | {'text': 'the Supreme Court', 'answer_start': 424} |
127,491 | 127,149 | 57336c1cd058e614000b5abf | generic | Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and r... | What are the people of St. Barts called? | {'text': 'Saint-Barthélemoise', 'answer_start': 31} |
63,678 | 63,336 | 5acf818277cf76001a68503f | generic | The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county, which is administered by Somerset County Council and five district councils, and two unitary authority areas (whose councils combine the functions of a county and a district). The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somers... | What type of county was Avon? | {'text': 'ceremonial', 'answer_start': 4} |
69,097 | 68,755 | 5727752b708984140094de24 | generic | Canada also permits a variety of charities (including public and private foundations). Charitable status is granted by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon application by a nonprofit; charities are allowed to issue income tax receipts to donors, must spend a certain percentage of their assets (including cash, investmen... | How does the Canada Revenue Agency decide who can have a charitable status? | {'text': 'a common law test to its stated objects and activities', 'answer_start': 484} |
84,668 | 84,326 | 5a610105e9e1cc001a33ce26 | generic | Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile... | What was Pope Pius XII concerned about so that he wrote it down? | {'text': "the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse", 'answer_start': 180} |
94,957 | 94,615 | 572b85aef75d5e190021fe23 | generic | Despite some concerns, western vegetarians and vegans have not been found to suffer from overt zinc deficiencies any more than meat-eaters. Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, sea vegetables, fortified cereals, soyfoods, nuts, peas, and seeds. However, phytates in many whole-grains and fiber in many... | What kind of diet may require more than 15mg of zinc daily? | {'text': 'diet is high in phytates,', 'answer_start': 626} |
31,445 | 31,103 | 5ad420c6604f3c001a400718 | generic | In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintai... | How many foreign banks operate in Texas? | {'text': 'Twenty-five', 'answer_start': 423} |
41,935 | 41,593 | 5aced7a832bba1001ae4b6ed | generic | The U.S. Army black beret (having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap) is no longer worn with the new ACU for garrison duty. After years of complaints that it wasn't suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers stil... | What piece of uniform has been replaced by the patrol top? | {'text': 'black beret', 'answer_start': 14} |
5,929 | 5,587 | 56d24f27b329da140004ed47 | generic | A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eye... | A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was? | {'text': 'Vedic animal sacrifice', 'answer_start': 41} |
50,888 | 50,546 | 5725c691271a42140099d197 | generic | Israel's legal system combines three legal traditions: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law. It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court. Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries. ... | What is Israel's Basic Law? | {'text': 'Human Dignity', 'answer_start': 855} |
38,401 | 38,059 | 570cf2e7fed7b91900d45b49 | generic | Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which would damage the ... | Where does digestion begin? | {'text': 'in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes', 'answer_start': 17} |
93,903 | 93,561 | 572973313f37b319004783f6 | generic | The gyromagnetic ratio γ is the constant of proportionality between the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance (or electron paramagnetic resonance for electrons) and the applied magnetic field B: ν = γB. It is difficult to measure gyromagnetic ratios precisely because of the difficulties in precisely measuring B, bu... | The gyromagnetic ratio is often difficult to determine due to difficulty accurately determining the value of what? | {'text': 'the applied magnetic field B', 'answer_start': 169} |
121,796 | 121,454 | 5731a21de17f3d1400422295 | generic | The epistemological tensions between scientists and universities were also heightened by the economic realities of research during this time, as individual scientists, associations and universities were vying for limited resources. There was also competition from the formation of new colleges funded by private benefact... | Scientists and universities were competing for what? | {'text': 'limited resources', 'answer_start': 213} |
30,914 | 30,572 | 570712839e06ca38007e9396 | generic | According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI), 95.6% of the population over the age of 15 could read and write Spanish, and 97.3% of children of ages 8–14 could read and write Spanish. An estimated 93.5% of the population ages 6–14 attend an institution of education. Estimated 12.8... | What percentage of the population have obtained a college degree? | {'text': '12.8%', 'answer_start': 316} |
42,835 | 42,493 | 5ad2aac9d7d075001a429e44 | generic | European maps continued to show this hypothesized land until Captain James Cook's ships, HMS Resolution and Adventure, crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774. Cook came within about 120 km (75 mi) of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of field ice in J... | What ice shelf was spotted within 32 mi from Queen Maud's Land? | {'text': 'Fimbul ice shelf', 'answer_start': 1116} |
47,463 | 47,121 | 5a8cefc4fd22b3001a8d9070 | generic | Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows t... | What uses non-spatial memory to memorize spatial information? | {'text': 'The so-called Method of loci', 'answer_start': 658} |
82,696 | 82,354 | 5727c5f44b864d1900163ce6 | generic | True exhibition games between opposing colleges at the highest level do not exist in college football; due to the importance of opinion polling in the top level of college football, even exhibition games would not truly be exhibitions because they could influence the opinions of those polled. Intramural games are possi... | What consideration is more important for college teams than exhibition games? | {'text': 'opinion polling', 'answer_start': 128} |
42,274 | 41,932 | 570d724bfed7b91900d4612a | generic | To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t... | What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports? | {'text': 'defences', 'answer_start': 392} |
62,810 | 62,468 | 5a6687f8f038b7001ab0bf64 | generic | Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the h... | What is more sensitive to reducing size in luminance than variations in color? | {'text': 'the human eye', 'answer_start': 315} |
73,585 | 73,243 | 57273039f1498d1400e8f45a | generic | The competition is open to any eligible club down to Levels 10 of the English football league system - all 92 professional clubs in the Premier League and Football League (Levels 1 to 4), and several hundred "non-league" teams in Steps 1 to 6 of the National League System (Levels 5 to 10). A record 763 clubs competed i... | What league can compete? | {'text': 'Premier League and Football League', 'answer_start': 136} |
31,360 | 31,018 | 57093943efce8f15003a7dba | generic | In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs—Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen—from New York, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the popular general at the Battle of San Jacinto, who ... | Where were Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen from? | {'text': 'New York', 'answer_start': 95} |
84,594 | 84,252 | 5727fa0b4b864d1900164116 | generic | Pope John XXIII did not live to see the Vatican Council to completion. He died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, four and a half years after his election and two months after the completion of his final and famed encyclical, Pacem in terris. He was buried in the Vatican grottoes beneath Saint Peter's Basilica on 6 June... | When did the pope die? | {'text': '3 June 1963', 'answer_start': 100} |
93,403 | 93,061 | 572934ad1d04691400779163 | generic | Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city ... | Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with what? | {'text': 'one or more Kreisfreie Städte', 'answer_start': 88} |
114,975 | 114,633 | 57331bdad058e614000b5707 | generic | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What was Whitehead's father's profession? | {'text': 'minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy', 'answer_start': 105} |
111,128 | 110,786 | 5ace9a6332bba1001ae4ac69 | generic | Originally, every electronic component had wire leads, and the PCB had holes drilled for each wire of each component. The components' leads were then passed through the holes and soldered to the PCB trace. This method of assembly is called through-hole construction. In 1949, Moe Abramson and Stanislaus F. Danko of the ... | Originally, no electronic component had what? | {'text': 'leads', 'answer_start': 48} |
52,764 | 52,422 | 5a7a4c3d17ab25001a8a0494 | generic | Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and ... | What animals are forbidden in the mews? | {'text': 'horses', 'answer_start': 482} |
58,196 | 57,854 | 57289cf93acd2414000dfb65 | generic | The main campus in Provo, Utah, United States sits on approximately 560 acres (2.3 km2) nestled at the base of the Wasatch Mountains and includes 295 buildings. The buildings feature a wide variety of architectural styles, each building being built in the style of its time. The grass, trees, and flower beds on BYU's ca... | Which BYU building is the tallest in Provost, Utah? | {'text': 'Spencer W. Kimball Tower', 'answer_start': 713} |
88,402 | 88,060 | 57282f6c2ca10214002da01a | generic | Some polychaetes breed only once in their lives, while others breed almost continuously or through several breeding seasons. While most polychaetes remain of one sex all their lives, a significant percentage of species are full hermaphrodites or change sex during their lives. Most polychaetes whose reproduction has bee... | How do some annelids get a one-time chance at a better spawning spot? | {'text': 'the rear of the body splits off and becomes a separate individual', 'answer_start': 422} |
47,035 | 46,693 | 5719fa954faf5e1900b8a865 | generic | Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province.... | What is the population of Cambodian immigrants in Seattle? | {'text': '19,000', 'answer_start': 576} |
30,157 | 29,815 | 57062a3a75f01819005e7a18 | generic | Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suza... | Excerpts were taken from which reference compact disc to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG audio formats? | {'text': 'EBU V3/SQAM', 'answer_start': 811} |
8,763 | 8,421 | 56ddf07e9a695914005b96f4 | generic | Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include : | Universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field? | {'text': 'technology', 'answer_start': 130} |
54,871 | 54,529 | 572653eedd62a815002e81a6 | generic | According to the Constitution, executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government. From the Constitutional amendment of 1986 the President's duties were curtailed to a significant extent, and they are now largely ceremonial; most political power thus lies in the hands of the Prime Minister... | The Prime Minister is elected by who? | {'text': 'the Parliament', 'answer_start': 476} |
22,130 | 21,788 | 56eab0dc5a205f1900d6d416 | generic | Like other governmental economic activities, also privatization, such as in the sale of government-owned property, is particularly at the risk of cronyism. Privatizations in Russia, Latin America, and East Germany were accompanied by large-scale corruption during the sale of the state owned companies. Those with politi... | Selling government property is highly at risk for what? | {'text': 'cronyism', 'answer_start': 146} |
20,669 | 20,327 | 56e7abd937bdd419002c4306 | generic | The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on Septe... | How many stations are there in total in the Nanjing metro system? | {'text': '121 stations', 'answer_start': 589} |
34,770 | 34,428 | 570a6db44103511400d596f0 | generic | Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,... | Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to? | {'text': 'personality', 'answer_start': 308} |
10,563 | 10,221 | 56de3e91cffd8e1900b4b6f0 | generic | The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient. | Who has the power to issue a pardon? | {'text': 'The president', 'answer_start': 0} |
126,733 | 126,391 | 5732a59d1d5d2e14009ff872 | generic | In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia... | In the Paleocene period Greenland was joined to which continent? | {'text': 'North America', 'answer_start': 298} |
5,431 | 5,089 | 56cf84c1234ae51400d9bdf0 | generic | On September 11, 2008, West and his road manager/bodyguard Don "Don C." Crowley were arrested at Los Angeles International Airport and booked on charges of felony vandalism after an altercation with the paparazzi in which West and Crowley broke the photographers' cameras. West was later released from the Los Angeles Po... | How much was Kanye's bail bond? | {'text': '$20,000', 'answer_start': 381} |
60,607 | 60,265 | 57265f11f1498d1400e8dd7e | generic | The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire i... | The United Kingdom ruled what empire? | {'text': 'British', 'answer_start': 4} |
105,499 | 105,157 | 5a848a6d7cf838001a46a8ed | generic | There have been six instances as of 2009 in which the exemption process was initiated. Of these six, one was granted, one was partially granted, one was denied and three were withdrawn. Donald Baur, in The Endangered Species Act: law, policy, and perspectives, concluded," ... the exemption provision is basically a nonf... | How many exemptions were withdrawn in 2009? | {'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 164} |
104,037 | 103,695 | 5acd818307355d001abf44c5 | generic | DC commutating electric motors, if fitted with laminated pole pieces, become universal motors because they can also operate on AC; reversing the current in both stator and rotor does not reverse the motor. But the now-standard AC distribution frequencies of 50 and 60 Hz caused difficulties with inductive reactance and ... | The distribution frequencies of 60 and 70 Hz caused what? | {'text': 'difficulties with inductive reactance and eddy current losses', 'answer_start': 278} |
51,859 | 51,517 | 5725e50889a1e219009ac064 | generic | Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the B... | Where is the British Schools of Montevideo located? | {'text': 'Carrasco', 'answer_start': 8} |
47,360 | 47,018 | 5a8ce175fd22b3001a8d8fa9 | generic | Up until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information. A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information after a 24-hour delay. Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can store informati... | What has shown that with age, infants can store information slower | {'text': 'studies', 'answer_start': 511} |
9,071 | 8,729 | 5a6b2ed4a9e0c9001a4e9f30 | generic | In 2013–14 a pornographic actor was trying to remove archived images of himself, first by sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada. | What was the first method used by the actor in trying to get the DMCA taken down? | {'text': 'DMCA requests', 'answer_start': 107} |
46,749 | 46,407 | 5acec8e032bba1001ae4b3f0 | generic | Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors. Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent. Athanasiu... | What did the term Arian not mean to him? | {'text': 'derogatory polemical term', 'answer_start': 381} |
75,840 | 75,498 | 5a3c00a4cc5d22001a521cf0 | generic | A struggle for succession in the mid-twelfth century gave the Fujiwara an opportunity to regain their former power. Fujiwara no Yorinaga sided with the retired emperor in a violent battle in 1156 against the heir apparent, who was supported by the Taira and Minamoto (Hōgen Rebellion). In the end, the Fujiwara were dest... | What struggle occured in the 1200's? | {'text': 'A struggle for succession', 'answer_start': 0} |
118,582 | 118,240 | 5acfe98a77cf76001a68644e | generic | Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media... | When was Reporters Without Borders founded? | {'text': '2009', 'answer_start': 515} |
23,373 | 23,031 | 56f705ac711bf01900a448ef | generic | After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings. | How might the articles in a long treaty be grouped? | {'text': 'under chapter headings', 'answer_start': 201} |
48,496 | 48,154 | 571ae0179499d21900609b7b | generic | Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws. The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts ... | What increased due to the availability of birth control? | {'text': 'pre-marital co-habitation', 'answer_start': 1184} |
85,221 | 84,879 | 5727fb683acd2414000df16c | generic | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes? | {'text': 'Article 16 of its Statute', 'answer_start': 618} |
114,884 | 114,542 | 5a62bc3bf8d794001af1c1f6 | generic | Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup. This decline was accelerated by the outbreak of civil war in 1989; GDP was reduced by an estimated 90% between 1989 and 1995, one of the fastest declines in history. Upon the end of the... | In what year did GDP growth reach 5.1%? | {'text': '2010', 'answer_start': 556} |
117,074 | 116,732 | 57311f58497a881900248b79 | generic | Igor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson responded. The Emperor... | IN what year was the peace treaty signed between the Rus, Byzantine and the Bulgarians. | {'text': '945', 'answer_start': 464} |
50,783 | 50,441 | 5725b89c89a1e219009abd72 | generic | On 15 May 1947, the General Assembly of the newly formed United Nations resolved that a committee, United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP), be created "to prepare for consideration at the next regular session of the Assembly a report on the question of Palestine". In the Report of the Committee dated 3 S... | What was the last to be under an International Trusteeship System? | {'text': 'City of Jerusalem', 'answer_start': 523} |
36,717 | 36,375 | 5a70ca678abb0b001a676195 | generic | At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Ed... | Where is the Entertainment & Devices branch located? | {'text': 'the United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 439} |
15,608 | 15,266 | 56e07080231d4119001ac132 | generic | St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups. To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been r... | How many endemic species of fungi have been found? | {'text': '9', 'answer_start': 339} |
84,414 | 84,072 | 572825df2ca10214002d9f08 | generic | In January 1964, Nasser called for an Arab League summit in Cairo to establish a unified Arab response against Israel's plans to divert the Jordan River's waters for economic purposes, which Syria and Jordan deemed an act of war. Nasser blamed Arab divisions for what he deemed "the disastrous situation". He discouraged... | What river did the Israelis want to divert? | {'text': 'Jordan River', 'answer_start': 140} |
13,564 | 13,222 | 5acd541e07355d001abf3d66 | generic | It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be... | Ancient archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was what? | {'text': 'the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals', 'answer_start': 963} |
33,651 | 33,309 | 570a66e66d058f1900182e17 | generic | The starch source in a beer provides the fermentable material and is a key determinant of the strength and flavour of the beer. The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain. Grain is malted by soaking it in water, allowing it to begin germination, and then drying the partially germinated grain in a kiln. ... | What happens to grain when it is soaked in water? | {'text': 'germination', 'answer_start': 249} |
66,711 | 66,369 | 5a6246a3f8d794001af1bf2b | generic | Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti. According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give t... | What group was Barbara A. West a member of? | {'text': 'the London Missionary Society', 'answer_start': 66} |
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