Split (2)

train · 111k rows

Unnamed: 0.1 int64 1 131k	Unnamed: 0 int64 1 130k	id stringlengths 6 24	title stringclasses 2 values	context stringlengths 151 44k	question stringlengths 2 25.7k	answers stringlengths 32 440
140	140	138435	pubqa	An increased number of suspected outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to bathing water were reported to the Finnish food- and waterborne outbreak (FWO) registry in July and August 2014. The investigation reports were assessed by a national outbreak investigation panel. Eight confirmed outbreaks were identified among...	What is the event?	{'answer_id': 273719, 'document_id': 445540, 'question_id': 138435, 'text': 'outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to bathing water', 'answer_start': 33, 'answer_category': 'LONG'}
73,556	73,214	57276e8cf1498d1400e8f7f8	generic	In 2012, Abigail Fisher, an undergraduate student at Louisiana State University, and Rachel Multer Michalewicz, a law student at Southern Methodist University, filed a lawsuit to challenge the University of Texas admissions policy, asserting it had a "race-conscious policy" that "violated their civil and constitutional...	When will the Supreme Court likely hear the case for the second time?	{'text': 'June 2016', 'answer_start': 1591}
112,966	112,624	572fd71ba23a5019007fca77	generic	In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le...	Who was in the running for the first alcalde position, but was defeated in the election?	{'text': 'Pío Pico', 'answer_start': 644}
59,926	59,584	5a7cc600e8bc7e001a9e1fe4	generic	During the Middle Ages, Thuringia was situated at the border between Germanic and Slavic territories, marked by the Saale river. The Ostsiedlung movement led to the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule. The population growth increased during the 18th century and stayed h...	What was the fake result of the Ostsiedlung movement?	{'text': 'the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule', 'answer_start': 161}
100,599	100,257	572bdd2e2babe914003c2960	generic	Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The w...	Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest?	{'text': 'Chattanooga', 'answer_start': 581}
64,725	64,383	5ace319832bba1001ae49d82	generic	As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,270.33 people per square mile (2653.47/km²). There were 49,982 housing units at an average density of 1,748.0 per square mile (675.0/km²), making it less densely populated tha...	The white makeup of the city was 37.0% white during which U.S. Census?	{'text': '2010', 'answer_start': 10}
20,865	20,523	56e79d2300c9c71400d773bf	generic	In 2003, the season expanded to 16 games. There were also several rule changes in this period. In 2005, players were no longer allowed to run out of bounds. The only way for a player to go out of bounds presently is if he is tackled into or deliberately contacts the side boards. This was also the first year the ArenaBo...	How many games made up the AFL season in 2003?	{'text': '16', 'answer_start': 32}
65,731	65,389	5a1e11aa3de3f40018b2648d	generic	John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ...	What did Sir Robert Filmer could be found through contractual obligation?	{'text': 'political development', 'answer_start': 207}
125,929	125,587	573348bd4776f419006607f8	generic	During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou...	Portugese diverged from which language?	{'text': 'Galician', 'answer_start': 830}
63,393	63,051	5a7121c60efcfe001a8afd65	generic	The following sulfonylureas have been commercialized for weed control: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, ...	In what year was acetolactate synthase created?	{'text': 'In the 1960s', 'answer_start': 575}
2,437	2,095	56d116d717492d1400aab8f5	generic	At the time of its release, Twilight Princess was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics, including writers for 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN, and The Washington Post. It received several Game of the Year awards, and was the most ...	How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive?	{'text': 'several', 'answer_start': 270}
122,505	122,163	5731b8df0fdd8d15006c6497	generic	In June 2007, YouTube began trials of a system for automatic detection of uploaded videos that infringe copyright. Google CEO Eric Schmidt regarded this system as necessary for resolving lawsuits such as the one from Viacom, which alleged that YouTube profited from content that it did not have the right to distribute. ...	In 2007 youtube launched an automated system to detect what?	{'text': 'videos that infringe copyright', 'answer_start': 83}
78,932	78,590	5727e1d64b864d1900163f2d	generic	As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man ...	According to Christianity, who is the "One"?	{'text': 'God/Christ', 'answer_start': 248}
4,749	4,407	56d3e4762ccc5a1400d82f21	generic	During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize,...	What major award did the book receive in 1961?	{'text': 'the Pulitzer Prize', 'answer_start': 301}
6,321	5,979	56d372d559d6e414001463fc	generic	Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.	What contestant came in fourth on season two of American Idol?	{'text': 'Josh Gracin', 'answer_start': 251}
70,546	70,204	5ad41aaa604f3c001a4004d7	generic	Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration t...	What did Virginia have a history of?	{'text': 'African slavery', 'answer_start': 185}
89,615	89,273	5728c01f4b864d1900164d53	generic	In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of ...	What percentage of Estonia exports are sent to Nordic countries?	{'text': '42%', 'answer_start': 442}
119,906	119,564	573215afb9d445190005e7c6	generic	Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In genera...	What leads to the masking of deleterious recesive alleles in progeny?	{'text': 'Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals', 'answer_start': 495}
104,589	104,247	5ad41acf604f3c001a4004e2	generic	By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo...	People of African descent were the minority in Charleston until what mass movement?	{'text': 'the Great Migration', 'answer_start': 567}
8,561	8,219	5acfa46577cf76001a6856ca	generic	The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the m...	What majority was the prime minister dependent on?	{'text': 'parliamentary majority', 'answer_start': 199}
95,629	95,287	5ace1baf32bba1001ae49ae8	generic	In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southw...	What is to the north and west of the plateau?	{'text': 'true folded mountains', 'answer_start': 19}
118,726	118,384	5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd3	generic	The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elde...	What portion of Russian-speaking Americans are ethnic Russians?	{'text': 'about 25%', 'answer_start': 824}
76,602	76,260	5a8c858dfd22b3001a8d89f2	generic	Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of "place of a skull", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why i...	What did Romans do with Aramaic after they began speaking Latin?	{'text': 'abandoned', 'answer_start': 477}
51,340	50,998	5726015e89a1e219009ac142	generic	The spread of Greek culture and language throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of newly founded cities and deliberate colonization policies by the successor states, which in turn was necessary for maintaining their military forces. Settlements such as Ai-Khanoum, situated on trade routes, allow...	Philip II and Alexander's court army spoke a version of what language?	{'text': 'Attic Greek', 'answer_start': 500}
28,264	27,922	56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e5	generic	Although the Palaeologi emperors recaptured Constantinople from the Western Europeans in 1261, they were never able to regain control of much of the former imperial lands. They usually controlled only a small section of the Balkan Peninsula near Constantinople, the city itself, and some coastal lands on the Black Sea a...	What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia?	{'text': 'Ottomans', 'answer_start': 573}
67,968	67,626	5a281f37d1a287001a6d0a86	generic	On 19 November 1968, following progressive economic decline, the Keïta regime was overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré, a day which is now commemorated as Liberation Day. The subsequent military-led regime, with Traoré as president, attempted to reform the economy. His efforts were frustrated by...	What is November 19, 1974 celebrated as?	{'text': 'Liberation Day', 'answer_start': 179}
22,221	21,879	56f6f5e1711bf01900a44898	generic	Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called...	What was the medieval flute made from?	{'text': 'wood', 'answer_start': 126}
18,512	18,170	5acd401307355d001abf3a52	generic	Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ...	In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography reject?	{'text': 'Newer Orthography', 'answer_start': 44}
128,806	128,464	5733f9ac4776f4190066160c	generic	Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci...	What ancient civilization lived in Punjab?	{'text': 'the Indus Valley Civilization', 'answer_start': 76}
89,858	89,516	5ad40a52604f3c001a3fff98	generic	Some researchers believe that the first Russian settlement in Alaska was established in the 17th century. According to this hypothesis, in 1648 several koches of Semyon Dezhnyov's expedition came ashore in Alaska by storm and founded this settlement. This hypothesis is based on the testimony of Chukchi geographer Nikol...	Whom did Nikolai Durkin say died in a village on the Kheuveren River?	{'text': '"bearded men" who "pray to the icons"', 'answer_start': 439}
123,067	122,725	5731d461e17f3d1400422469	generic	The Third Great Awakening refers to a hypothetical historical period that was marked by religious activism in American history and spans the late 1850s to the early 20th century. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong element of social activism. It gathered strength from the postmillennial beli...	What movement was affiliated with the Third Great Awakening?	{'text': 'the Social Gospel Movement', 'answer_start': 436}
90,951	90,609	5728b835ff5b5019007da565	generic	Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected an...	What is crosspicking?	{'text': 'syncopated banjo-roll-like style', 'answer_start': 146}
125,072	124,730	573272fab9d445190005eb2f	generic	Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War. Eisenhower sent Lt. General John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel to Vietnam to study and assess the French forces there. Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway dissuaded the Pr...	How large of a military deployment did Ridgway say would be necessary in Vietnam?	{'text': 'massive', 'answer_start': 391}
12,222	11,880	56de6fea4396321400ee28c9	generic	In certain historical Christian, Islamic and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been and in some cases still is subjected not merely to punishments such as excommunication, but even to the death penalty.	What cultures are listed as examples of discipline for being a heretic?	{'text': 'Christian, Islamic and Jewish', 'answer_start': 22}
121,289	120,947	573158c805b4da19006bd096	generic	Important fragments survived from the mosaic floor of the Great Palace of Constantinople which was commissioned during Justinian's reign. The figures, animals, plants all are entirely classical but they are scattered before a plain background. The portrait of a moustached man, probably a Gothic chieftain, is considered...	When were the mosaics at the church in Thessaloniki created?	{'text': '5th–6th centuries', 'answer_start': 757}
120,163	119,821	573151a9e6313a140071ce1c	generic	The formal structure of the Qing government centered on the Emperor as the absolute ruler, who presided over six Boards (Ministries[c]), each headed by two presidents[d] and assisted by four vice presidents.[e] In contrast to the Ming system, however, Qing ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Man...	What happened to the Grand Secretariat?	{'text': 'evolved into an imperial chancery', 'answer_start': 541}
18,783	18,441	5ad68fcb191832001aa7b1f3	generic	Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", o...	What type of lines does wove paper exhibit?	{'text': 'laidlines', 'answer_start': 29}
14,729	14,387	56dfdeda231d4119001abe3d	generic	CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.	How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?	{'text': '50,000', 'answer_start': 24}
20,671	20,329	56e7abd937bdd419002c4308	generic	The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on Septe...	How many bus routes are there in Nanjing?	{'text': 'more than 370 routes', 'answer_start': 202}
74,276	73,934	5727bfa5ff5b5019007d9432	generic	New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl. Throughout the second hal...	What NFL team played at the Yale Bowl from 1973-1974?	{'text': 'New York Giants', 'answer_start': 199}
125,051	124,709	57327187b9d445190005eb24	generic	On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and...	What was the name of the civilian space agency created by Eisenhower?	{'text': 'NASA', 'answer_start': 529}
91,484	91,142	57291a91af94a219006aa079	generic	The population geneticist Sewall Wright developed one way of measuring genetic differences between populations known as the Fixation index, which is often abbreviated to FST. This statistic is often used in taxonomy to compare differences between any two given populations by measuring the genetic differences among and ...	Human group variation is similar to variation observed in what other species?	{'text': 'mammalian', 'answer_start': 1108}
31,197	30,855	57080ed1efce8f15003a7d90	generic	By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position...	By what Quran verse to Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position?	{'text': '2:124', 'answer_start': 20}
4,155	3,813	56cf38dcaab44d1400b88ea0	generic	The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.	How many self-identified LGB people live in the New York metropolitan area?	{'text': '568,903', 'answer_start': 101}
72,606	72,264	5a732e8753a187001ae6313f	generic	Comcast has been criticized for multiple reasons. The company's customer satisfaction often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry. Comcast has violated net neutrality practices in the past; and, despite Comcast's commitment to a narrow definition of net neutrality, critics advocate a definition of which preclude...	What type of definition does The Consumerist use?	{'text': 'narrow', 'answer_start': 236}
56,789	56,447	57268c7fdd62a815002e8938	generic	The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufac...	Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?	{'text': 'President Carlos Salinas de Gortari', 'answer_start': 24}
108,924	108,582	57302968a23a5019007fcec9	generic	As of the census of 2000, there are 84,084 people, 44,497 households, and 16,775 families in the city. The population density is 10,178.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,930.4/km²). There are 47,863 housing units at an average density of 5,794.0 per square mile (2,237.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 78.29% Whit...	From 2000 what was the average family size?	{'text': '2.80', 'answer_start': 922}
81,652	81,310	5a399e2c2f14dd001ac724b7	generic	Other 19th-century critics, following Rousseau have accepted this differentiation between higher and lower culture, but have seen the refinement and sophistication of high culture as corrupting and unnatural developments that obscure and distort people's essential nature. These critics considered folk music (as produce...	What type of music did critics associate with respected high culture?	{'text': 'folk music', 'answer_start': 298}
35,831	35,489	570abdb26d058f19001830c1	generic	The boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton were included in Merseyside. In Greater Manchester the successor boroughs were Bury, Bolton, Manchester, Oldham (part), Rochdale, Salford, Tameside (part), Trafford (part) and Wigan. Warrington and Widnes, south of the new Merseyside/Greater Manchester border we...	Where were the boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton included?	{'text': 'Merseyside', 'answer_start': 75}
110,219	109,877	5734338bd058e614000b6b0c	generic	The monsoon can begin any time from mid-June to late July, with an average start date around July 3. It typically continues through August and sometimes into September. During the monsoon, the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year. It begins with clouds building up from the south in the early afternoon foll...	How long does Tucson's monsoon last?	{'text': 'through August and sometimes into September', 'answer_start': 124}
43,213	42,871	570dacc916d0071400510ca6	generic	The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending ...	What determined whether The Bahre-Nagassi fought with or against the Abyssinians?	{'text': 'geopolitical circumstances', 'answer_start': 327}
80,967	80,625	5727cb4a4b864d1900163d32	generic	Detroit and the rest of southeastern Michigan have a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) which is influenced by the Great Lakes; the city and close-in suburbs are part of USDA Hardiness zone 6b, with farther-out northern and western suburbs generally falling in zone 6a. Winters are cold, with moderate snowfall and t...	When is the warm season in Detroit?	{'text': 'May to September', 'answer_start': 566}
21,129	20,787	5ad26260d7d075001a4290a7	generic	By the definition most commonly used by linguists, any linguistic variety can be considered a "dialect" of some language—"everybody speaks a dialect". According to that interpretation, the criteria above merely serve to distinguish whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or dialects of different languag...	What does the criteria believe everybody speaks?	{'text': 'a dialect', 'answer_start': 139}
49,369	49,027	5ace76bb32bba1001ae4a756	generic	About 40,000,000 tons were produced in 1984[needs update]. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). ...	About 30,000,000 tons were produced in what year?	{'text': '1984', 'answer_start': 39}
44,684	44,342	570fa1345ab6b81900390f38	generic	Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguished, with sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to "fantasies, attachments and longings."...	What does the term closeted mean?	{'text': 'People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity', 'answer_start': 401}
27,699	27,357	56fad7df8f12f319006301ec	generic	In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities ...	What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?	{'text': 'the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque', 'answer_start': 467}
15,693	15,351	56e07ffe231d4119001ac1f8	generic	A satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre (25 ft) satellite dish installed in 1989 at The Briars is the only international connection providing satellite links through Intelsat 707 to Ascension island and the United Kingdom. Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single sate...	When was the satellite dish installed?	{'text': '1989', 'answer_start': 80}
126,998	126,656	5acec7f432bba1001ae4b3d6	generic	Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of time...	Where do some think the most minor police work happens?	{'text': 'on patrol', 'answer_start': 519}
83,334	82,992	572803362ca10214002d9b6c	generic	In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert W...	How was Marcel Weinum executed?	{'text': 'beheaded', 'answer_start': 474}
62,902	62,560	5a66b515f038b7001ab0c0b2	generic	If the data to be compressed is analog (such as a voltage that varies with time), quantization is employed to digitize it into numbers (normally integers). This is referred to as analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. If the integers generated by quantization are 8 bits each, then the entire range of the analog signal is ...	What is a voltage that is divided with time classified as?	{'text': 'analog', 'answer_start': 32}
61,547	61,205	572cbf35dfb02c14005c6c20	generic	Notably, the most broadly influential innovation of 20th-century American tort law was the rule of strict liability for defective products, which originated with judicial glosses on the law of warranty. In 1963, Roger J. Traynor of the Supreme Court of California threw away legal fictions based on warranties and impose...	When was the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts published?	{'text': '1964', 'answer_start': 623}
27,671	27,329	56fad4558f12f319006301d3	generic	Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S...	What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country?	{'text': 'Pan-Somalism', 'answer_start': 225}
69,905	69,563	5acea2fa32bba1001ae4ae57	generic	Later interpretations of Avicenna's philosophy split into three different schools; those (such as al-Tusi) who continued to apply his philosophy as a system to interpret later political events and scientific advances; those (such as al-Razi) who considered Avicenna's theological works in isolation from his wider philos...	What are Islamic schools not known as?	{'text': 'madrasahs', 'answer_start': 634}
98,684	98,342	572ac830be1ee31400cb822f	generic	Philadelphia is also a major hub for Greyhound Lines, which operates 24-hour service to points east of the Mississippi River. Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia. In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound ...	What bus line uses the city as a hub?	{'text': 'Greyhound Lines', 'answer_start': 37}
74,301	73,959	572b91a4f75d5e190021fe4d	generic	New Haven was the host of the 1995 Special Olympics World Summer Games; then-President Bill Clinton spoke at the opening ceremonies. The city is home to the Pilot Pen International tennis event, which takes place every August at the Connecticut Tennis Center, one of the largest tennis venues in the world. New Haven bia...	What is the name of major road race that places within the city?	{'text': 'USA 20K Championship', 'answer_start': 484}
115,126	114,784	57333a74d058e614000b579f	generic	This is not to say that Whitehead's thought was widely accepted or even well-understood. His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon. Even professional philosophers struggled to follow Whitehead's writings. One famous story illustrating the lev...	What lectures did Whitehead present in 1927-28?	{'text': 'Gifford lectures', 'answer_start': 406}
44,611	44,269	5ad363c8604f3c001a3fdfe9	generic	From Elizabeth's birth onwards, the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. By the time of her accession in 1952, her role as head of multiple independent states was already established. In 1953, the Queen and her husband embarked on a seven-month round-the-world tour, visiting 13 ...	In 1953 what was the last country visited by Elizabeth and Philip?	{'text': 'New Zealand', 'answer_start': 443}
13,034	12,692	5ace2c7832bba1001ae49c95	generic	In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its main international distributor Philips Records with the goal of CBS starting its own global record company. Philips' acquisition of Mercury Records in the US in 1961 paved the way for this. CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the int...	Columbia/ABC began negotiations with Philips Records in what year?	{'text': '1960', 'answer_start': 3}
25,885	25,543	56f8cee09e9bad19000a0555	generic	Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has ...	The prefrontal cortex is the largest in what animals?	{'text': 'primates', 'answer_start': 616}
81,744	81,402	5a4bf32fbfc0e3001a15d3cf	generic	The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى‎, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʾ al-kubrā , 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert in the world. It is the third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its surface area of 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi)[citation needed]—including the Libyan Desert—is comparable to the res...	What desert is larger than the Antarcti and Arctic desert?	{'text': 'The Sahara', 'answer_start': 0}
106,694	106,352	5a0f2e01decec90018475497	generic	The Intermontane Plateaus come to an end at the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada. The Cascades consist of largely intermittent, volcanic mountains, many rising prominently from the surrounding landscape. The Sierra Nevada, further south, is a high, rugged, and dense mountain range. It contains the highest point in t...	What is the name of the high gentle dense mountain range?	{'text': 'Sierra Nevada', 'answer_start': 211}
48,620	48,278	571af72f9499d21900609bbe	generic	Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution. Smaller organizations, on the other hand, often focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or...	How do large corporations show vertical integration?	{'text': 'participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution', 'answer_start': 70}
48,249	47,907	571cf8175efbb31900334e66	generic	Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r...	What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use?	{'text': 'formaldehyde', 'answer_start': 904}
27,673	27,331	56fad4558f12f319006301d5	generic	Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S...	What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia?	{'text': 'the Ogaden War', 'answer_start': 532}
15,425	15,083	56e02701231d4119001abf5c	generic	Saint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is part of the British Ove...	What ocean is Saint Helena located in?	{'text': 'South Atlantic Ocean', 'answer_start': 86}
64,821	64,479	572781a5f1498d1400e8fa1e	generic	Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-num...	How many terms does the mayor of the city serve?	{'text': 'two-year', 'answer_start': 172}
123,577	123,235	5731e92f0fdd8d15006c6643	generic	Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its...	What is Greece's economy classified as?	{'text': 'advanced, high-income', 'answer_start': 27}
36,608	36,266	5a70ba5a8abb0b001a6760e2	generic	At launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two configurations: the "Xbox 360" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399 or GB£279.99, and the "Xbox 360 Core", priced at US$299 and GB£209.99. The original shipment of the Xbox 360 version included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a...	What was the Media Remote priced at in USD?	{'text': 'US$479.', 'answer_start': 372}
110,752	110,410	572fd628a23a5019007fca6d	generic	Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritricho...	How does flagellum function within the cell?	{'text': 'uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane', 'answer_start': 605}
45,879	45,537	5710831cb654c5140001f942	generic	The first English coffeehouse opened in Oxford in 1650. Brian Cowan said that Oxford coffeehouses developed into "penny universities", offering a locus of learning that was less formal than structured institutions. These penny universities occupied a significant position in Oxford academic life, as they were frequented...	According to Brian Cowan, was learning more or less formal in coffehouses as opposed to private institutions?	{'text': 'less', 'answer_start': 173}
129,330	128,988	5a82f6e9e60761001a2eb263	generic	Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su...	When does infection become unstoppable?	{'text': 'when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies', 'answer_start': 17}
37,797	37,455	5a0803c33fc8740018207111	generic	Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...	What does the greenhouse effect absorb from the sun?	{'text': 'visible and invisible radiation', 'answer_start': 38}
119,896	119,554	573212a3e17f3d1400422663	generic	Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. After a parasitic bird lays her eggs in another bird's nest, they are often accepted and raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood. Brood parasites may be ...	What is it called when an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood?	{'text': 'Brood parasitism', 'answer_start': 0}
48,612	48,270	571d29295efbb31900334eb5	generic	An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services. AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly...	Half of the top earners were mostly in what field?	{'text': 'psychiatry', 'answer_start': 199}
60,677	60,335	57266a9bf1498d1400e8df15	generic	At the concluding Treaty of Utrecht, Philip renounced his and his descendants' right to the French throne and Spain lost its empire in Europe. The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, Britain gained Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Minorca. Gibraltar became a critical naval base...	Which country did Britain acquire Newfoundland and Acadia from?	{'text': 'France', 'answer_start': 195}
27,441	27,099	56fa317bf34c681400b0c003	generic	Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferre...	What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood?	{'text': 'strength', 'answer_start': 231}
42,436	42,094	570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05a	generic	Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and...	Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?	{'text': 'social media', 'answer_start': 321}
54,573	54,231	5726d98cdd62a815002e9287	generic	In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infringed the copyright of the news generators; the other concerned whether the temporary web cache created by the web browser of a con...	Whose copyright were news aggregators infringing on?	{'text': 'news generators', 'answer_start': 216}
15,528	15,186	56e06509231d4119001ac087	generic	The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and an elected Executive and Legislative Council. In 2002, the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 granted full British citizenship to the islanders, and renamed the Dependent Territo...	What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?	{'text': '1989', 'answer_start': 45}
110,938	110,596	5ace7db532bba1001ae4a809	generic	Areas that should not be soldered may be covered with solder resist (solder mask). One of the most common solder resists used today is called "LPI" (liquid photoimageable solder mask). A photo-sensitive coating is applied to the surface of the PWB, then exposed to light through the solder mask image film, and finally ...	Wet film solder mask is similar to what?	{'text': 'the dry film used to image the PWB for plating or etching', 'answer_start': 408}
111,856	111,514	572fd9cd04bcaa1900d76dc9	generic	The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier ...	What were the Premier League's net profits in 2013-14?	{'text': 'the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues', 'answer_start': 201}
118,954	118,612	5730e0b7f6cb411900e2450e	generic	Airlift is "operations to transport and deliver forces and materiel through the air in support of strategic, operational, or tactical objectives" (AFDD 3–17, Air Mobility Operations). The rapid and flexible options afforded by airlift allow military forces and national leaders the ability to respond and operate in a va...	What is the definition of Airlift according to the Air Mobility Operations?	{'text': 'operations to transport and deliver forces and materiel through the air', 'answer_start': 12}
125,005	124,663	573260b5e17f3d140042290d	generic	As the 1954 congressional elections approached, and it became evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses, Eisenhower was among those blaming the Old Guard for the losses, and took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP. Eisenhow...	What wing of the GOP was Eisenhower opposed to?	{'text': 'right', 'answer_start': 507}
69,732	69,390	5726c11ef1498d1400e8ea47	generic	Ibn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by fire not long afte...	Who did Ibn Sina assist in his financial labors?	{'text': 'his father', 'answer_start': 456}
55,135	54,793	5a6231bef8d794001af1bec7	generic	In November 2004, following a period of turmoil caused by the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves, it was announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure, creating a new parent company to be named Royal Dutch Shell plc, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchang...	When was Shell listed on the LSE?	{'text': '20 July 2005', 'answer_start': 603}
14,739	14,397	56dfdfae231d4119001abe4e	generic	Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrou...	What was Isambard Brunel's nationality?	{'text': 'British', 'answer_start': 29}
97,650	97,308	5a0e0b5cd7c8500018864507	generic	Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised b...	What is a solution to poverty?	{'text': 'implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.', 'answer_start': 650}
101,931	101,589	5a8ddfaadf8bba001a0f9cec	generic	Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl, using, for example, discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues. He was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices were not useful with Michelle. Mathematics was a common interest for father and son; they both e...	What Laboratory employed Feynman for unimportant missions?	{'text': 'The Jet Propulsion Laboratory', 'answer_start': 494}
98,650	98,308	572ac054111d821400f38d20	generic	Graduation rates among district-run schools, meanwhile, have steadily increased in the last ten years. In 2005, Philadelphia had a district graduation rate of 52%. This number has increased to 65% in 2014, still below the national and state averages. Scores on the state's standardized test, the Pennsylvania System of S...	What was it in 2014?	{'text': '65%', 'answer_start': 193}
46,920	46,578	5719c4c310f8ca1400304e5e	generic	Seattle (i/siˈætəl/) is a West Coast seaport city and the seat of King County. With an estimated 662,400 residents as of 2015[update], Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013 it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States, a...	How far away is the Canadian border from Seattle?	{'text': '100 miles', 'answer_start': 634}

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