title stringlengths 2 79 | passage stringlengths 2.2k 39.3k | link stringlengths 32 109 |
|---|---|---|
Sea of Galilee | The lake has been called by different names throughout its history, usually depending on the dominant settlement on its shores. With the changing fate of the towns, the lake's name also changed.
The modern Hebrew name Kineret comes from the Hebrew Bible, where it appears as the "sea of Kineret" in Numbers 34:11 and Jos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee |
COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan | On 22 March, there were 13 additional cases confirmed, one of the cases was for a 19-year-old man who came from Britain, and 5 more cases from Irbid's wedding, and 6 cases for people who were in close contact with a nurse who was infected, including an 83-year-old woman who was in mild to moderate condition, and one of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan |
Circassians | The traditional female clothing (Adyghe: Бзылъфыгъэ Шъуашэр, Bzıłfıǵe Ȿuaşer [bzəɬfəʁa ʂʷaːʃar]) was very diverse and highly decorated and mainly depends on the region, class of family, occasions, and tribes. The traditional female costume is composed of a dress (Adyghe: Джанэр, Janer [d͡ʒaːnar]), coat (Adyghe: Сае, Sa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circassians |
Geography of Somalia | Physio-graphically, Somalia is a land of limited contrast. In the north, a maritime semidesert plain parallels the Gulf of Aden coast, varying in width from roughly twelve kilometers in the west to as little as two kilometers in the east. Scrub-covered, this plain, known as the Guban (scrub land), is crossed by broad, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Somalia |
Positional notation | The numbers which have a finite representation form the semiring
N
0
b
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation |
1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine | Jerusalem and the great difficulty of accessing the city became even more critical to its Jewish population, who made up one sixth of the total Jewish population in Palestine. The long and difficult route from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, after leaving the Jewish zone at Hulda, went through the foothills of Latrun. The 28-ki... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine |
Almoravid dynasty | Almoravid fortunes began to turn definitively after 1117. While Léon and Castile were in disarray following the death of Alfonso VI, other Christian kingdoms exploited opportunities to expand their territories at the expense of the Almoravids. In 1118, Alfonso I El Batallador ('The Battler'), king of Aragon, launched a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty |
Al-Ghazali | During his life, Al-Ghazali wrote over 70 books on science, Islamic reasoning and Sufism. Al-Ghazali played a major role in integrating Sufism with Shariah. He was also the first to present a formal description of Sufism in his works. His works also strengthened the status of Sunni Islam against other schools. The Bati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali |
Tarout Island | Archaeological finds indicate that the island has been inhabited since 5000 BC; and it was later home to people from the civilization of Dilmun, Akkadians, Assyrians and Persians. Later it was occupied by the Persian Empire, the Islamic Empire; it was colonized by the Portuguese and later made part of the Ottoman Empir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarout_Island |
Al-Muqtadir | The stand that had been made during the last four reigns to stay the decline of the Abbasid power at last came to an end. From al-Muqtadir's reign on, the Abbasids would decline. Yet, at the same time, many names that would become famous in the world of literature and science lived during this and the following reigns.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Muqtadir |
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa | According to the treaties, the following organs have decision-making power:
The COMESA Authority, composes of Heads of States or Government and is COMESA's supreme policy-making organ. The Authority is headed by a Chairman elected for an agreed period; the current chairperson from November 2021 is Egyptian President A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa |
Islamic military jurisprudence | Fighting is justified for legitimate self-defense, to aid other Muslims and after a violation in the terms of a treaty, but should be stopped if these circumstances cease to exist. War should be conducted in a disciplined way, to avoid injuring non-combatants, with the minimum necessary force, without anger and with hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence |
Chronology of the ancient Near East | Bietak, M., "Problems of Middle Bronze Age Chronology: New Evidence from Egypt", AJA 88, pp. 471–485, 1984
Bietak, M., "The Middle Bronze Age of the Levant — A New Approach to Relative and Absolute Chronology", in Åström, P. ed. High, Middle or Low, Part 3, Gothenburg, pp. 78–120, 1989
[25] Johannes van der Plicht1 and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East |
Ulama | After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the leaders and subjects of the Ottoman Empire became increasingly aware of its role as a great power of its time. This new self-awareness was associated with the idea to legitimise the new political role by linking the religious scholarship to the political system: Ottoman his... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama |
Naftali Bennett | From 2010 to 2012, Bennett served as the director of the Yesha Council. In April 2011, together with Ayelet Shaked, he co-founded My Israel, which claims to have 94,000 Israeli members. In April 2012, he founded a movement named Yisraelim ("Israelis"). The movement's main goals include increasing Zionism among centre-r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali_Bennett |
Al Jazeera Arabic | The closing of the Al Jazeera Media Network was one of the terms of diplomatic reestablishment put forward by Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt during the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis.
On 23 June 2017, the countries that cut ties to Qatar issued a list of demands to end the crisis, insisting that Qa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic |
Bronze Age | In Great Britain, the Bronze Age is considered to have been the period from around 2100 to 750 BC. Migration brought new people to the islands from the continent. Tooth enamel isotope research on bodies found in early Bronze Age graves around Stonehenge indicates that at least some of the migrants came from the area of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age |
Omar al-Bashir | Omar al-Bashir was elected president (with a five-year term) in the 1996 national election and Hassan al-Turabi was elected to a seat in the National Assembly where he served as speaker of the National Assembly "during the 1990s". In 1998, al-Bashir and the Presidential Committee put into effect a new constitution, all... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir |
Turkmens | Characteristics of traditional Turkmen cuisine are rooted in the largely nomadic nature of day-to-day life prior to the Soviet period coupled with a long local tradition, dating back millennia before the arrival of the Turkmen in the region, of white wheat production. Baked goods, especially flat bread (Turkmen: çörek... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmens |
United Arab Emirates | The United Arab Emirates is a federal constitutional monarchy made up from a federation of seven hereditary tribal monarchy-styled political units called Sheikhdoms. It is governed by a Federal Supreme Council made up of the ruling Sheikhs of Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah and Umm Al Quwain.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates |
Neo-Assyrian Empire | The ancient Assyrians primarily spoke and wrote the Assyrian language, a Semitic language (i.e. related to modern Hebrew and Arabic) closely related to Babylonian, spoken in southern Mesopotamia. Both Assyrian and Babylonian are generally regarded by modern scholars to be distinct dialects of the Akkadian language. Thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire |
Sharia | Westernization of legal institutions and expansion of state control in all areas of law, which began during the colonial era, continued in nation-states of the Muslim world. Sharia courts at first continued to exist alongside state courts as in earlier times, but the doctrine that sultanic courts should implement the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
State of Palestine | The first Intifada broke out in 1987, characterized by widespread protests, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience by Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank against Israeli occupation. In November 1988, the PLO legislature, while in exile, declared the establishment of the "State of Palestine". In the month ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine |
Alodia | It is unclear if the Kingdom of Alodia was destroyed by the Arabs under Abdallah Jammah or by the Funj, an African group from the south led by their king Amara Dunqas. Most modern scholars agree now that it fell due to the Arabs.
Abdallah Jammah ("Abdallah the gatherer"), the eponymous ancestor of the Sudanese Abdallab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alodia |
Uthman | The actual reason for the anti-Uthman movement is disputed among the Shia and Sunni Muslims. Under Uthman, the people became more prosperous and on the political plane they came to enjoy a larger degree of freedom. No institutions were devised to channel political activity, and, in their absence, the pre-Islamic triba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman |
Neolithic Revolution | Agriculture in Neolithic China can be separated into two broad regions, Northern China and Southern China.
The agricultural centre in northern China is believed to be the homelands of the early Sino-Tibetan-speakers, associated with the Houli, Peiligang, Cishan, and Xinglongwa cultures, clustered around the Yellow Rive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution |
Early Christianity | Edessa, which was held by Rome from 116 to 118 and 212 to 214, but was mostly a client kingdom associated either with Rome or Persia, was an important Christian city. Shortly after 201 or even earlier, its royal house became Christian.
Edessa (now Şanlıurfa) in northwestern Mesopotamia was from apostolic times the prin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Christianity |
Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah | On 26 August 909, the Kutama army reached Sijilmasa, and demanded the release of their captive imam. After brief clashes with the Midrarid troops, Emir al-Yasa fled his city, which was occupied and plundered. Mounted on horseback and dressed in fine clothes, Sa'id and his son were presented to the army, amidst shouts a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah |
2015 Kuwait mosque bombing | Bosnia – The Bosnian-Kuwaiti parliamentary friendship group said the attack targeted not only Kuwaiti worshipers but all Muslims and peace loving people around the world.
Canada – Prime Minister Stephen Harper condemned the "heinous terrorist attacks" that day and offered his deepest condolences. "...We will continue ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing |
Sukarno | Filipino actor Mike Emperio portrayed Sukarno in the 1982 movie The Year of Living Dangerously directed by Peter Weir as adapted from a novel of same name written by Christopher Koch.
Indonesian sociologist and writer Umar Kayam portrayed Sukarno in the 1984 movie Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI and the 1988 movie Djakarta 66 d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno |
Medieval Muslim Algeria | In the closing decades of the 9th century, missionaries of the Ismaili sect of Shia Islam converted the Kutama Berbers of what was later known as the Petite Kabylie region and led them in battle against the Sunni rulers of Ifriqiya. Al Qayrawan fell to them in 909. The Ismaili imam, Abdallah, declared himself caliph an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Muslim_Algeria |
COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan | On 1 April, 4 new cases had been confirmed, of which 2 were already in quarantine (having arrived from Spain on 15 March), while the other 2 were in contact with infected people (1 in Jerash and 1 in Irbid).
On 2 April, 21 additional cases have been confirmed, including 7 cases for people of the same family that were i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan |
Assyrian people | The Assyrians initially experienced periods of religious and cultural freedom interspersed with periods of severe religious and ethnic persecution after the 7th century Muslim conquest of Persia. Assyrians contributed to Islamic civilizations during the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates by translating works of Greek philo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_people |
Ghassanids | Athamina, Khalil (1994). "The Appointment and Dismissal of Khālid b. al-Walīd from the Supreme Command: A Study of the Political Strategy of the Early Muslim Caliphs in Syria". Arabica. 41 (2): 253–272. doi:10.1163/157005894X00191. JSTOR 4057449.
Ball, Warwick (2000). Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghassanids |
Lebanese Civil War | Throughout the spring of 1975, minor clashes in Lebanon had been building up towards all-out conflict, with the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) pitted against the Phalange, and the ever-weaker national government wavering between the need to maintain order and cater to its constituency. On the morning of 13 April 1975... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War |
Arabs | The earliest documented use of the word Arab in reference to a people appears in the Kurkh Monoliths, an Akkadian-language record of the Assyrian conquest of Aram (9th century BCE). The Monoliths used the term to refer to Bedouins of the Arabian Peninsula under King Gindibu, who fought as part of a coalition opposed to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Somali Civil War | UN Security Council Resolution 733 and UN Security Council Resolution 746 led to the creation of the United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I), to provide humanitarian relief and help restore order in Somalia after the dissolution of its central government.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 was una... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_War |
Andalusi classical music | Al-Andalus was probably the main route of transmission of a number of Near Eastern musical instruments used in European music: the lute from the oud, rebec from the Maghreb rebab, the guitar from qitara and Greek kithara, and the naker from the naqareh. Further terms fell into disuse in Europe: adufe from al-duff, albo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusi_classical_music |
Gaza War (2008–2009) | The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported that the Gaza humanitarian crisis is significant and should not be understated. It also states that the situation is a "human dignity crisis" in the Gaza strip, entailing "a massive destruction of livelihoods and a significant deterioration... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009) |
War in Darfur | Authors Julie Flint and Alex de Waal date the beginning of the rebellion to 21 July 2001, when a group of Zaghawa and Fur met in Abu Gamra and swore oaths on the Quran (Nearly all of Darfur's residents are Muslim, including the Janjaweed, as well as the government leaders in Khartoum.) to work together to defend agains... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Darfur |
Isaaq genocide | In addition to using both air and ground military capabilities against the Isaaq, the Somali government also hired South African and Rhodesian mercenaries to fly and maintain its fleet of British Hawker Hunter aircraft and carry out bombing missions over Isaaq cities.
In addition to the "systematic destruction of Isaaq... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide |
Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination | The rationale for "Egyptomania" rests on a similar concept: Westerners looked to ancient Egyptian motifs because ancient Egypt itself was intrinsically so alluring. The Egyptians used to consider their religion and their government somewhat eternal; they were supported in this thought by the enduring aspect of great pu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt_in_the_Western_imagination |
Potiphar | In art, the subject is most commonly shown in the Power of Women topos.
There is a Persian poem called Yusuf and Zulaikha in Jami's Haft Awrang ("Seven thrones")
In The Divine Comedy, Dante sees the shade of Potiphar's wife in the eighth circle of Hell. She does not speak, but Dante is told by another spirit that, alon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potiphar |
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate | The Lebanese have been dealing with the Ottoman currency since the beginning of the Mutasarrifate era, and they called it the "El-lirah el-osmeliyyeh" or "Osmeliyyeh" for short, and the Ottoman lira was minted from gold and silver and divided into one hundred and sixty-two piasters. The population also dealt with the E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate |
Al-Aziz Billah | After securing Fatimid rule in central and southern Syria, Caliph al-Aziz aimed to capture Aleppo as well, but was restrained by Ibn Killis while he lived. The question of Aleppo was complicated, as it risked provoking a direct confrontation with Byzantium. Since 969, the Hamdanid emirate had been tributary to the Byza... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah |
Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya | More than for his poetic talents al-Samaw'al is famous for his connection with the warrior-poet and prince Imru' al-Qais, which won for him the epithet "faithful," and gave rise to the Arabic saying "more faithful than al-Samaw'al." This came about in the following manner: Amru al-Qais, being abandoned by his followers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaw%27al_ibn_%27Adiya |
Gulf War | Throughout the Cold War, Iraq had been an ally of the Soviet Union, and there was a history of friction between Iraq and the United States. The US was concerned with Iraq's position on Israeli–Palestinian politics. The US also disliked Iraqi support for Palestinian militant groups, which led to Iraq's inclusion on the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War |
King David Hotel bombing | The bombing inflamed public opinion in Britain. After the bombing, editorials in British newspapers argued that the bombing deflated statements by the government that it had been winning against the Jewish paramilitaries. The Manchester Guardian argued that "British firmness" inside Palestine had brought about more ter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing |
Polygyny in Islam | Islamic communities in Asia, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, have also experienced feminist movements which work to restrict polygynous practices. Indonesian feminists have challenged these practices through the study and reinterpretation of religious texts. Fatayat NU, a voluntary Muslim women's organization, was cr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam |
Mauritania–Senegal Border War | On 8 April 1989, there was a clash between Senegalese Soninke farmers and Mauritanian Fulani herdsmen in Mauritania over grazing rights in Diawara, a town in the Bakel Department of eastern Senegal. This event marked the beginning of the conflict. The clash took place because the Senegalese herdsmen confiscated a herd ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Senegal_Border_War |
Al-Aqsa | Since 1948, the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound has been under the custodianship of the Hashemite rulers of Jordan, administered through the Jerusalem Waqf, the current version of which was instituted by Jordan after its conquest and occupation of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, during the 1948 war. The Jerusalem Waqf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa |
Báb | The writings of the Báb have been described in terms of different typologies, including chronologically and thematically. The Báb himself divides his writings into two stages: the first stage, where for purposes of preparation and prudence, the subtleties of his claims and teachings were veiled and consequently not ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1b |
1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus | In the days after the Druze victory at Hasbaya, violence raged in the southern Beqaa Valley. The hostilities were set off after two Druze men from Kfar Qouq were arrested by the authorities for their suspected role in the deaths of two Christians from Dahr al-Ahmar who were shot down as they were transporting clay pots... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus |
1994 FIFA World Cup | The FIFA Organizing Committee upheld the tradition to seed the host (United States) and defending champion (Germany), along with the other four teams ranked in the top five based on their results obtained in the last three FIFA World Cups. The newly introduced FIFA World Ranking was not used as part of the calculated r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup |
Qatari folklore | Some of the common hero archetypes found in Qatari tales include:
The tolerant husband: The archetype of the tolerant and understanding husband in Qatari folktales portrays a man who comprehends and accepts his wife's circumstances and motivations. This character is often depicted in stories where, despite being decei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatari_folklore |
Jama Masjid, Delhi | The British took over Shahjahanabad in 1803. The Mughal Emperor remained the ritual imperial head of the mosque, but Mughal power and patronage had significantly waned. The initial policy of the British in the city was favourable towards its residents; the British undertook repairs and even renovations of the Jama Masj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi |
French protectorate of Tunisia | Italy had a strong interest in Tunisia since at least the early 19th century, and had briefly entertained the idea of invading the country in the 1860s. Italian was the lingua franca of Tunisian diplomacy well into the 19th century, and of the various expatriate communities in Tunis that did not speak Arabic.
For this... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia |
Music of Mesopotamia | Although musicians and musical instruments were depicted in Mesopotamian art in various forms over a 3,000 year period, very few of the instruments themselves have survived. Only eleven stringed instruments have been recovered, nine lyres and two harps, all from the Royal Cemetery of Ur. These Lyres of Ur include the "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Mesopotamia |
Somali Bantus | Somali Bantus simply refer to themselves as Bantu. Those who can trace their origins to Bantu groups in southeast Africa refer to themselves collectively as Shanbara, Shangama or Wagosha. Those who trace their origins to Bantu tribes inhabiting areas further south call themselves Zigula, Makua, Yao, Nyassa, Ngindo, Nya... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Bantus |
Shukri al-Quwatli | Quwatli opposed the proposed partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, arguing that the plan, which would allocate 56% of Palestine to the Jewish state, violated the rights of the Palestinian Arab majority. The proposal passed the UN vote and Syria made war preparations soon af... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwatli |
Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent | Shi'ism was introduced to Bengal during the governorship of Shah Shuja (1641–1661 AD), son of Shah Jahan. However, from 1707 AD to 1880 AD, the Nawabs of Bengal were Shias. They built huge Imambargahs, including the biggest of the Subcontinent built by Nawab Siraj-ud Daula, the Nizammat Imambara. The nawabs of Bengal a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_the_Indian_subcontinent |
Television in Lebanon | After the war, Lebanon emerged as the country with the most liberal media in the region. In the early nineties, there were 54 television stations operating in the country. In 1994, Lebanon once again legalized private ownerships of radio and television stations, making it the only country in the Arab world to do so at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_Lebanon |
H3 (Kuwait) | Based on the pottery, H3 has been dated to the Ubaid 2-3 period, or second half of the sixth millennium BC. A single radiocarbon date from the oldest part of the site provided a date of 5511-5324 cal BC. The oldest part of the site is thought to be a fire pit that was exposed in the western part of the site. The excava... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3_(Kuwait) |
Qom | The present town of Qom in Central Iran dates back to ancient times. Its pre-Islamic history can be partially documented, although the earlier epochs remain unclear. Excavations at Tepe Sialk indicate that the region had been settled since ancient times (Ghirshman and Vanden Berghe), and more recent surveys have reveal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qom |
Gao | On 31 March 2012, one day after the capture of Kidal, Malian military forces retreated from Gao's military bases, allowing it to be occupied by Tuareg rebellion member groups MNLA and Ancar Dine. Timbuktu was captured the following day. On 6 April, the MNLA declared the region independent of Mali as the nation of Azawa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao |
Gülen movement | Questions have arisen about the Gülen movement's possible involvement in the ongoing Ergenekon investigation, which critics have characterized as "a pretext" by the government "to neutralize dissidents" in Turkey.
According to investigative journalist Nedim Şener, the Gülen movement used the assassination of Hrant Din... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClen_movement |
Modern Standard Arabic | Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is the literary standard across the Middle East, North Africa and Horn of Africa, and is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Most printed material in the Arab League—including most books, newspapers, magazines, official documents, and reading primers for small children—... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic |
Fethullah Gülen | Despite Gülen's and his followers' statements that the organization is non-political in nature, analysts believed that a number of corruption-related arrests made against allies of Erdoğan reflect a growing political power struggle between Gülen and Erdoğan. These arrests led to the 2013 corruption scandal in Turkey, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen |
Operation Infinite Reach | National Security Advisor Sandy Berger called President Bill Clinton at 5:35 AM on August 7 to notify him of the bombings. That day, Clinton started meeting with his "Small Group" of national security advisers, which included Berger, CIA director George Tenet, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, Attorney General Jan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach |
Anglo-Iraqi War | Before the war, the United Kingdom provided support to the Royal Iraqi Army, to the Royal Iraqi Navy, and to the Royal Iraqi Air Force through a small military mission based in Baghdad, commanded from 1938 by Major-General G. G. Waterhouse. The Iraqi Army was composed of approximately 60,000 men, most in four infantry ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War |
Theatre | Theatre took on many alternative forms in the West between the 15th and 19th centuries, including commedia dell'arte from Italian theatre, and melodrama. The general trend was away from the poetic drama of the Greeks and the Renaissance and toward a more naturalistic prose style of dialogue, especially following the In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre |
Munkar and Nakir | Munkar and Nakir bear some similarity to Zoroastrian divinities. Some of these, such as Mithra, Sraosha and Rashnu have a role in the judgement of souls. Rashnu is described as a figure who holds a set of scales, like some angels of the grave. E.G. Brown has suggested that a continuity exists between Rashnu and Munkar ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir |
Arithmetic | Multiplication is an arithmetic operation in which two numbers, called the multiplier and the multiplicand, are combined into a single number called the product. The symbols of multiplication are
×
{\displaystyle \times }
,
⋅
{\displays... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic |
Himyarite Kingdom | Himyar: The most famous of whose septs were Zaid Al-Jamhur, Banu Quda'a and Sakasik.
Kahlan: The most famous of whose septs were Hamdan, Azd, Anmar, Ṭayy (today their descendants are known as Shammar), Midhhij, Kinda, Lakhm, Judham
Kahlan septs emigrated from Yemen to dwell in the different parts of the Arabian Peninsu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom |
Green building | Buildings represent a large part of energy, electricity, water and materials consumption. As of 2020, they account for 37% of global energy use and energy-related CO2 emissions, which the United Nations estimate contributed to 33% of overall worldwide emissions. Including the manufacturing of building materials, the gl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building |
Crusader states | The Fatimids' feud with the Seljuks hindered Muslim actions for more than a decade. Outnumbered by their enemies, the Franks remained in a vulnerable position, but they could forge temporary alliances with their Armenian, Arab, and Turkic neighbours. Each crusader state had its own strategic purpose during the first ye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusader_states |
Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse are principally seed eaters. Other food items eaten include green shoots and leaves, bulbs, and berries. Insect food such as ants and termites may also be eaten, especially during the breeding season. The diet of many sandgrouse is highly specialised, with the seeds of a small number of plant species being d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandgrouse |
Kabbalah | Among problems considered in the Hebrew Kabbalah is the theological issue of the nature and origin of evil. In the views of some Kabbalists this conceives "evil" as a "quality of God", asserting that negativity enters into the essence of the Absolute. In this view it is conceived that the Absolute needs evil to "be wha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah |
Shebaa Farms | The United Nations certified Israel's pullout under Resolution 425 as conforming to the "withdrawal line" it had laid down in accordance with the maps at its disposal "for the practical purpose of confirming the Israeli withdrawal". At the same time the UN noted that its decision was "without prejudice to future border... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebaa_Farms |
Elias Khoury | Khoury published his first novel in 1975, On the Relations of the Circle (Arabic: عن علاقات الدائرة). It was followed in 1977 by The Little Mountain (Arabic: الجبل الصغير), set during the Lebanese Civil War, a conflict that Khoury initially thought would be a catalyst for progressive change. Other works by him include ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Khoury |
Agriculture in Syria | Syria has produced cotton since ancient times, and its cultivation increased in importance in the 1950s and 1960s. Until superseded by petroleum in 1974, cotton was Syria's most important industrial and cash crop, and the country's most important foreign exchange earner, accounting for about one-third of Syria's export... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Syria |
Sennacherib | Despite the defeat of Nergal-ushezib and the flight of the Elamites, Babylonia did not surrender to Sennacherib. The rebel Shuzubu, hunted by Sennacherib in his 700 BC invasion of the south, had resurfaced under the name Mushezib-Marduk and, seemingly without foreign support, acceded to the throne of Babylon. As he was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennacherib |
Free Syrian Army | On 6 January 2012, General Mustafa al-Sheikh of the Syrian Army defected from the government forces to join the FSA. General Mustafa al-Sheikh told Reuters that up to 20,000 soldiers in total had deserted the army since the beginning of the conflict, and that the FSA had taken control of large swathes of land. He said ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army |
Antioch | In 637, during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius, Antioch was conquered by Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah of the Rashidun Caliphate during the Battle of the Iron Bridge, marking the beginning of Islamic influence in the region. The city became known in Arabic as أنطاكية Anṭākiyah. Under the Umayyad Caliphate (661–... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioch |
Haider al-Abadi | On 24 July 2014, Fuad Masum became the new president of Iraq. He, in turn, nominated al-Abadi for prime minister on 11 August. For the appointment to take effect, al-Abadi was required to form a government to be confirmed by Parliament within 30 days. Al-Maliki, however, refused to give up his post and referred the mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi |
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate | Following the events of 1860, a large number of the Druze migrated to Hauran and Jabal al-Arab and settled there. In 1869, the Suez Canal was opened, shortening the road between Europe and the countries of the Ottoman Arab East. When Britain occupied Egypt in 1882, security prevailed and trade flourished greatly, so Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate |
Demon | The ancient Mesopotamians believed that the underworld was home to many demons, which are sometimes referred to as "offspring of arali". These demons could sometimes leave the underworld and terrorize mortals on earth. One class of demons that were believed to reside in the underworld were known as galla; their primary... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon |
1950–1951 Baghdad bombings | Historian Abbas Shiblak, Iraqi Jew Naeim Giladi and CIA agent Wilbur Crane Eveland have argued that Jews were involved in the bombings.
In 1949, Zionist emissary Yudka Rabinowitz complained that the complacency of the Iraqi Jews was "hampering our existence" and proposed to the Mossad "throwing several hand-grenades fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%E2%80%931951_Baghdad_bombings |
Diwan (poetry) | Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب
tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd)—were more or less prescribed. Examples... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan_(poetry) |
Mount Gerizim | A Samaritan temple dedicated to Yahweh was built on Mount Gerizim during the 5th century BCE. It existed alongside the Jewish Second Temple in Jerusalem. By that point, the Israelites were divided as "Samaritans" and "Jews", both claiming descendance from the Biblical Israelites and preaching adherence to the Torah, bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Gerizim |
Enjoining good and forbidding wrong | Al-Ghazali provides "a survey" of wrongs commonly found in the mosque, the market, the street, the bath-house and hospitality".
For example, in "hospitality" there may be,
"laying out silk coverings for men, using censers made of silver or gold, hanging curtains with images on them [images of sentient beings are forb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjoining_good_and_forbidding_wrong |
Ancient Greek astronomy | Bailey, Harold W. (1943). Zoroastrian Problems In The Ninth Century Books. Clarendon Press.
Bennett, Jeffrey; Shostak, Seth; Schneider, Nicholas; MacGregor, Meredith (2017). Life in the Universe. Princeton University Press.
Bowler, Peter J.; Morus, Iwan Rhys (2010). Making Modern Science: A Historical Survey. Universit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy |
Sennacherib | After the Babylonian war, Sennacherib's second campaign was in the Zagros Mountains. There, he subdued the Yasubigallians, a people from east of the Tigris river, and the Kassites, a people who had ruled Babylonia centuries before. Sennacherib's third campaign, directed against the kingdoms and city-states in the Levan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennacherib |
Persian Gulf campaign of 1809 | The British flotilla arrived off the independent town of Ras Al Khaimah on 11 November, discovering Minerva and a fleet of dhows in the harbour. The pirate fleet initially sailed out to attack the British but retreated once the size of the expeditionary force became clear. Minerva failed to make the return to port succ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1809 |
Women's rights in Saudi Arabia | Western critics often compare the treatment of Saudi women to a system of apartheid, analogous with South Africa's treatment of non-whites during South Africa's apartheid era. As evidence, they cite restrictions on travel, fields of study, choice of profession, access to the courts, and political speech. Mona Eltahawy,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia |
Pan-Arabism | It was not until Gamal Abdel Nasser that Arab nationalism (in addition to Arab socialism) became a state policy and a means with which to define Egypt's position in the Middle East and the world, usually articulated vis-à-vis Zionism in the neighbouring state of Israel.
There have been several attempts to bring about ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arabism |
Yom Kippur War | Kissinger found out about the Third Army's encirclement shortly thereafter. Kissinger considered that the situation presented the United States with a tremendous opportunity and that Egypt was dependent on the United States to prevent Israel from destroying its trapped army. The position could be parlayed later into al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War |
Syrian civil war | The U.S. Congress has enacted punitive sanctions on the Syrian government for its actions during the Civil War. These sanctions would penalize any entities lending support to the Syrian government, and any companies operating in Syria. U.S. President Donald Trump tried to protect the Turkish President Erdogan from the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war |
Al-Muti' | Al-Muti' was a weak figure, for all intents and purposes a puppet ruler of the Buyid ruler of Iraq, first Mu'izz al-Dawla, and then his son, Izz al-Dawla (r. 967–978). As a result of his lack of real power, al-Muti' himself barely figures in the chronicles of his reign, and medieval historians generally considered his ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Muti%27 |
Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | The RSF attacked the town of Wad Ashana in North Kordofan on 1 October along a key commercial route. In West Kordofan, an uptick in fighting was reported, with the RSF assaulting a "vital" oil field in Baleela, south of Al-Fulah. Geolocated footage showed RSF fighters celebrating around Baleela Airport after allegedly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present) |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.