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Aisha | When Muhammad and his followers carried out a raid on the Banu Mustaliq tribe, he brought along Aisha, who was 13 years old at the time. She was carried in a closed litter on the back of a camel. Aisha recounted that when the raiding party was resting at night on the way home to Medina from the successful operation, sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha |
Desertification | As there are many different types of deserts, there are also different types of desert reclamation methodologies. An example for this is the salt flats in the Rub' al Khali desert in Saudi Arabia. These salt flats are one of the most promising desert areas for seawater agriculture and could be revitalized without the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification |
World Heritage Site | The UNESCO-administered project has attracted criticism. This was caused by perceived under-representation of heritage sites outside Europe, disputed decisions on site selection and adverse impact of mass tourism on sites unable to manage rapid growth in visitor numbers. A large lobbying industry has grown around the a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site |
Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war | In March 2015, in a joint statement, the member-states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (with the exception of Oman) said they had decided to intervene against the Houthis at the request of Hadi's government.
The coalition declared Yemeni airspace to be a restricted area, with King Salman declaring the RSAF to be in ful... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war |
Battle of Mosul (2016–2017) | Twenty airstrikes by the US-led coalition were heard on the morning of 6 December, following an assault on the city's strategic main (old) bridge that was held by ISIL. In the overnight hours, ISIL launched a counter-attack in the southeastern area of Mosul, near al-Salam. On the same day, the PMU stated that it had ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017) |
Isma'ilism | After the imprisonment of Nizar by his younger brother Ahmad al Mustaali, various sources indicate that Nizar's son Ali Al-Hadi ibn Nizari survived and fled to Alamut. He was offered a safe place in Alamut, where Hassan-Al-Sabbah welcomed him. However, it is believed this was not announced to the public and the lineage... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27ilism |
Yemeni Air Force | The Yemen Arab Republic Air Force (YARAF) was officially established on 20 November 1967. On this month, the Soviets delivered nine MiG-17 fighters and a single MiG-15UTI training aircraft, as well as four Ilyushin Il-28s, and three Antonov An-2s. Together with four MiG-17Fs, two Il-28s, two Il-14s and some Yakovlev Ya... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force |
Habesha peoples | Judaism in Ethiopia is believed to date from very ancient times. Precisely what its early history was, however, remains obscure. The now dominant Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church claims it originated from the visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon back in the 10th century BCE. This visit is mentioned in the Hebr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habesha_peoples |
OPEC | The differing economic needs of OPEC member states often affect the internal debates behind OPEC production quotas. Poorer members have pushed for production cuts from fellow members, to increase the price of oil and thus their own revenues. These proposals conflict with Saudi Arabia's stated long-term strategy of bein... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC |
Arab migrations to the Maghreb | The 11th century witnessed the most significant wave of Arab migration, surpassing all previous movements. This event unfolded when the Zirid dynasty of Ifriqiya proclaimed its independence from the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. In retribution against the Zirids, the Fatimids dispatched large Bedouin Arab tribes, mainly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_migrations_to_the_Maghreb |
Qara Qoyunlu | Arjomand, Saïd Amir (2016). "Unity of the Persianate World under Turko-Mongolian Domination and Divergent Development of Imperial Autocracies in the Sixteenth Century". Journal of Persianate Studies. 9 (1): 11. doi:10.1163/18747167-12341292. The disintegration of Timur's empire into a growing number of Timurid principa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu |
Iraqi Armed Forces | The Iraqi Army, officially the Iraqi Ground Forces (Arabic: القوات البرية العراقية), is the ground force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces. It was known as the Royal Iraqi Army up until the coup of July 1958.
The Iraqi Army in its modern form was first created by the United Kingdom during the inter-war period of Brit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces |
Kalmyk Khanate | Historically, the West Mongolian tribes identified themselves by their respective tribal names. Most likely in the 15th century, the four major West Mongolian tribes formed an alliance, adopting "Dörbet Oirat" as their collective name. After the alliance dissolved, the West Mongolian tribes were simply called "Oirat." ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate |
Republic of Sudan (1956–1969) | The new civilian government, which operated under the 1956 Transitional Constitution, tried to end political factionalism by establishing a coalition government. There was continued popular hostility to the reappearance of political parties, however, because of their divisiveness during the Abbud government. Although t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1956%E2%80%931969) |
Oman | Torture methods in use in Oman include mock execution, beating, hooding, solitary confinement, subjection to extremes of temperature and to constant noise, abuse and humiliation. There have been numerous reports of torture and other inhumane forms of punishment perpetrated by Omani security forces on protesters and det... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman |
Ruhollah Khomeini | In a talk at the Fayzieah School in Qom on 30 August 1979, Khomeini warned pro-imperialist opponents: "Those who are trying to bring corruption and destruction to our country in the name of democracy will be oppressed. They are worse than Bani-Ghorizeh Jews, and they must be hanged. We will oppress them by God's order ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini |
Battle of Tell El Kebir | 'Urabi had redeployed to defend Cairo against Wolseley. His main force dug in at Tel El Kebir, north of the railway and the Sweetwater Canal, both of which linked Cairo to Ismailia on the canal. The defences were hastily prepared, but included trenches and redoubts. Urabi's forces possessed 60 pieces of artillery and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_El_Kebir |
Transport in Somalia | Possessing the longest coastline on mainland Africa, Somalia has a number of maritime transport facilities across the country. In total, there are over 15 seaports. Major class ports are found at Mogadishu, Bosaso, Berbera and Kismayo. Two jetty class ports are also situated at Las Khorey and Merca. Additionally, Aluul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Somalia |
Persian language | The Persian language influenced the formation of many modern languages in West Asia, Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia. Following the Turko-Persian Ghaznavid conquest of South Asia, Persian was firstly introduced in the region by Turkic Central Asians. The basis in general for the introduction of Persian language in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language |
Great Syrian Revolt | Ibrahim Hananu was born to a wealthy family in Kafr Takharim and raised in Aleppo. There is dispute on his birth date: one source mentions he was born in 1879, while another mentions he was born in 1869. He studied at the Imperial High School in Aleppo, and continued his studies at the Ottoman Law Academy of the presti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt |
Himyaritic language | Part of the issue with defining Himyaritic is that the term itself is a catch-all term used by Arab grammarians after the Arabization of the Yemeni highlands and in reality could represent a number of speech varieties belonging to the Sayhadic branch of Central Semitic, meaning that ultimately determining the "distribu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyaritic_language |
Khuzestan province | The province of Khuzestan can be basically divided into two regions; the rolling hills and mountainous regions north of the Ahvaz Ridge, and the plains and marsh lands to its south. The area is irrigated by the Karoun, Karkheh, Jarahi and Maroun rivers. The northern section maintains a non-Persian Bakhtiari minority, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan_province |
Greenwich Mean Time | As the United Kingdom developed into an advanced maritime nation, British mariners kept at least one chronometer on GMT to calculate their longitude from the Greenwich meridian, which was considered to have longitude zero degrees, by a convention adopted in the International Meridian Conference of 1884. Synchronisatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time |
Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians | Paul Anka – singer, songwriter and actor
Lydia Canaan – singer-songwriter, poet, humanitarian activist, and pioneering first rock star of the Middle East
Farid Makari – politician, former Lebanese Minister, Member of Parliament, Deputy Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament
William Hawi, Commander, of the Kataeb Party
Char... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Greek_Orthodox_Christians |
Victoria and Albert Museum | The collection of textiles consists of more than 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD to the present, this is the largest such collection in the world. Techniques represented include weaving, printing, quilting embroidery, lace, tapestr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum |
Lebanon | On 17 October 2019, the first of a series of mass civil demonstrations erupted; they were initially triggered by planned taxes on gasoline, tobacco and online phone calls such as through WhatsApp, but quickly expanded into a country-wide condemnation of sectarian rule, a stagnant economy and liquidity crisis, unemploym... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon |
Head of state | One of the most important roles of the modern head of state is being a living national symbol of the state; in hereditary monarchies this extends to the monarch being a symbol of the unbroken continuity of the state. For instance, the Canadian monarch is described by the government as being the personification of the C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state |
Pyramidion of Amenemhat III | The four upper faces were polished and inscribed. The side which pointed to the east is adorned with a winged sun disk flanked by two uraei. Below, two wedjat represent the eyes of the king himself. Further down, three nefer signs stand for beauty or perfection. Finally, a sun disk represents the god Ra, from which the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidion_of_Amenemhat_III |
Ahruf | Emphasizing the difficulty of the issue, conservative Islamic scholar Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi stated in a 2020 interview that "every single student of knowledge ... who studies ulm of Quran" knows "that the most difficult topics are ahruf and qira’at", so vexing that even "the most advanced of our scholars, they are not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahruf |
Kebab | Adana kebap (or kıyma kebabı) is a long, hand-minced meat kebab mounted on a wide iron skewer and grilled over charcoal. Named after the Turkish city of Adana, the kebab is generally "hot" or piquant. The traditional Adana kebab is made using lamb, with a high fatty content cooked over hot coals. Only three ingredient... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebab |
Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah | A criticism made of the commission is that in its enthusiasm to prove that evidence in favor of Qur'anic scientific miracles “is clear and obvious" and to demonstrate that "a group of eminent non-Muslim scholars in several fields” has testified to this miraculous connection, the commission has spread misleading, out-of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Scientific_Signs_in_the_Quran_and_Sunnah |
History of slavery | During the 20th century the issue of slavery was addressed by the League of Nations, who founded commissions to investigate and eradicate the institution of slavery and slave trade worldwide. Their efforts continued the work of the first international attempt to address the issue made by the Brussels Anti-Slavery Confe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery |
Architecture of Sudan | After the British Imperial Army under Lord Kitchener had defeated the Mahdist State with its capital in Omdurman in 1898, the urban district of downtown Khartoum was developed according to colonial rules of space zoning in a series of Union Jack patterns. British urban planner William Mclean designed the first master p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Sudan |
Abbasid Samarra | Samarra was founded by the eighth Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim (r. 833–842) in 836. Al-Mu'tasim's immediate motivation for the decision was a need to find housing for his newly formed Turkic and other army regiments. These troops, who were from groups that had previously held only a marginal role in the Islamic world, we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Samarra |
Ali Abdullah Saleh | On 3 June 2011, Saleh was injured in a bomb attack on his presidential compound. Multiple C-4 (explosive) charges were planted inside the mosque and one exploded when the president and major members of his government were praying. The explosion killed four bodyguards and prime minister, Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani (who died... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh |
Mohammed Arkoun | Arkoun was born in 1928 in Taourirt Mimoun, a Berber village in Great Kabylia in northern Algeria. His family was traditional, religious and relatively poor. His father was a shopkeeper in Ain al-Arba'a, a wealthy French settlement in east of Oran. He attended primary school in his Berber-speaking home village until he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Arkoun |
Somali people | According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b (formerly E3b) haplogroup also makes up a significant proport... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_people |
Bachir Gemayel | In 1975, Gemayel was accused by the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) of being responsible for the Black Saturday massacre of Palestinians and Lebanese Muslims. According to Phalange member Karim Pakradouni, Gemayel admitted to him that while being in an emotional state over the killing of four Phalangists earlier that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachir_Gemayel |
Internet censorship | Internet content is subject to technical censorship methods, including:
Internet Protocol (IP) address blocking: Access to a certain IP address is denied. If the target Web site is hosted in a shared hosting server, all websites on the same server will be blocked. This affects IP-based protocols such as HTTP, FTP and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship |
United Arab Emirates | During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the pearling industry thrived, providing both income and employment to the people of the Persian Gulf. The First World War had a severe impact on the industry, but it was the economic depression of the late 1920s and early 1930s, coupled with the invention of the cultured pearl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates |
Chickpea | Chickpeas are usually rapidly boiled for 10 minutes and then simmered for longer. Dried chickpeas need a long cooking time (1–2 hours) but will easily fall apart when cooked longer. If soaked for 12–24 hours before use, cooking time can be shortened by around 30 minutes. Chickpeas can also be pressure cooked or sous vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea |
Mogadishu | The founding ethnicity of Mogadishu and its subsequent sultanate has been a topic of intrigue in Somali Studies. Ioan Lewis and Enrico Cerulli believed that the city was founded and ruled by a council of Arab and Persian families. However, the reference I.M Lewis and Cerulli received traces back to one 19th century tex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu |
Musical instrument | During the period of time loosely referred to as the post-classical era and Europe in particular as the Middle Ages, China developed a tradition of integrating musical influence from other regions. The first record of this type of influence is in 384 AD, when China established an orchestra in its imperial court after a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_instrument |
Umayyad state of Córdoba | Upon rising to power, Abd al-Rahman I initially resided in several palace-villas on the outskirts of Cordoba, most notably one called ar-Ruṣāfa. Ar-Ruṣāfa may have originally been a Roman villa or a Roman-Visigothic estate which was taken over and adapted by a Berber chieftain named Razin al-Burnusi who accompanied the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_state_of_C%C3%B3rdoba |
Famine in Yemen (2016–present) | The famine is the direct result of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and blockade. Yemen was already the most impoverished nation in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East, and Al Hudaydah one of the poorest cities of Yemen, but the war and the naval blockade by the Saudi-led coalition made the situation m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016%E2%80%93present) |
Al-Shabaab (militant group) | Some al-Shabaab members viewed the 2010 Ramadan offensive as disastrously ill-conceived, and subsequent territorial losses galvanised internal opposition to the leadership of Ahmed Abdi Godane, who was publicly named the group's emir in December 2007. As a severe drought afflicted the region, critics, generally associa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group) |
Iranian Revolution | The most important bodies of the revolution were the Revolutionary Council, the Revolutionary Guards, Revolutionary Tribunals, Islamic Republican Party, and Revolutionary Committees (komitehs).
While the moderate Bazargan and his government (temporarily) reassured the middle class, it became apparent they did not have ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution |
Kingdom of Kush | Mentuhotep II, the 21st century BC founder of the Middle Kingdom, is recorded to have undertaken campaigns against Kush in the 29th and 31st years of his reign. This is the earliest Egyptian reference to Kush; the Nubian region had gone by other names in the Old Kingdom. Under Thutmose I, Egypt made several campaigns s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush |
Roman–Persian Wars | When the Roman and Parthian Empires first collided in the 1st century BC, it appeared that Parthia had the potential to push its frontier to the Aegean and the Mediterranean. However, the Romans repulsed the great invasion of Syria and Anatolia by Pacorus and Labienus, and were gradually able to take advantage of the w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars |
Umayyad Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate |
Lajat | In 24 BC, the Roman Empire conquered Syria and assigned the region of Trachonitis, which was inhabited by nomadic marauders and cattle herders living in caves, to the authority of Herod the Great, king of Judaea. The area was not part of Herod's original kingdom in 40 BCE but was given to him by the Romans by the end o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajat |
Quran | Since Muslims could regard criticism of the Qur'an as a crime of apostasy punishable by death under sharia, it seemed impossible to conduct studies on the Qur'an that went beyond textual criticism. Until the early 1970s, non-Muslim scholars of Islam —while not accepting traditional explanations for divine intervention—... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran |
Aïr Mountains | More than 430 vascular species have been recorded so far in the Aïr mountains. The location of the Aïr as a southern extension of the Hoggar mountain range makes it a connection between the Saharan Flora and the Sahelian Flora. However, the presence of mountains up to 2000 m a.s.l. generates locally favourable conditio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%AFr_Mountains |
Meknes | Volubilis, a major Roman-era settlement in Morocco and one of its early urban centres, is located near the site of the current city of Meknes. The current city and its name, however, originate with a Berber tribe called the Miknasa who settled this region around the 10th century. A group of small unfortified Miknasa vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meknes |
Badr Shakir al-Sayyab | Badr Shakir al-Sayyab's experiments helped to change the course of modern Arabic poetry. He produced seven collections of poetry and several translations, which include the poetry of Louis Aragon, Nazim Hikmet, and Edith Sitwell, who, with T. S. Eliot, had a profound influence on him. At the end of the 1940s he launche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badr_Shakir_al-Sayyab |
Kuwait | In the early to mid 1700s, Kuwait City was as a small fishing village. Administratively, it was a sheikhdom, ruled by local sheikhs from Bani Khalid clan. Sometime in the mid 1700s, the Bani Utbah settled in Kuwait City. Sometime after the death of the Bani Khalid's leader Barak bin Abdul Mohsen and the fall of the Ban... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait |
Kabbalah | Kabbalah tended to be rejected by most Jews in the Conservative and Reform movements, though its influences were not completely eliminated. While it was generally not studied as a discipline, the Kabbalistic Kabbalat Shabbat service remained part of liberal liturgy, as did the Yedid Nefesh prayer. Nevertheless, in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah |
Comoros | The level of poverty in the Comoros is high, but "judging by the international poverty threshold of $1.9 per person per day, only two out of every ten Comorians could be classified as poor, a rate that places the Comoros ahead of other low-income countries and 30 percentage points ahead of other countries in Sub-Sahara... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros |
Ottoman architecture | The first Ottomans were established in northwest Anatolia near the borders of the Byzantine Empire. Their position at this frontier encouraged influences from Byzantine architecture and other ancient remains, and there were examples of similar architectural experimentation by the other local dynasties of the region. On... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_architecture |
Ra's al Ghul | In The New 52 (a 2011 reboot of the DC Comics universe), Ra's al Ghul appears in a hooded robe at the League of Assassins' city of 'Eth Alth'eban. He enters the Well of Sins after an encounter with Jason Todd. When he emerges, Ra's is consumed by the evil that corrupted the Untitled centuries before, and he feels compe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul |
First Crusade | After passing through the Cilician Gates, Baldwin and Tancred broke away from the main body of the army and set off towards the Armenian lands. Baldwin desired to create a fiefdom for himself in the Holy Land, and, in Armenia, he could count on the support of the locals, especially an adventurer named Bagrat. Baldwin a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade |
2003 invasion of Iraq | Initially, the 1st Marine Division (United States) fought through the Rumaila oil fields, and moved north to Nasiriyah—a moderate-sized, Shi'ite-dominated city with important strategic significance as a major road junction and its proximity to nearby Tallil Airfield. It was also situated near a number of strategically ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq |
Sheikhdom of Kuwait | In the early to mid 1700s, Kuwait was a small fishing village known as Grane (Kureyn). The region originally came under the rule of the Bani Khalid Emirate in 1670 after the expulsion of the Ottomans from Eastern Arabia (Lahsa Eyalet) by Barrack bin Ghurayr, Emir of the Bani Khalid, who successfully besieged the Ottoma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait |
Palmyra | The senate building is largely ruined. It is a small building that consists of a peristyle courtyard and a chamber that has an apse at one end and rows of seats around it.
Much of the Baths of Diocletian are ruined and do not survive above the level of the foundations. The complex's entrance is marked by four massive E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra |
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist | According to the constitution of Iran, Islamic republic is defined as a state ruled by Islamic jurists (Fuqaha). Article Five reads
"During the Occultation of the Walial-'Asr [Lord of the Age, i.e. the Hidden Imam] (may God hasten his reappearance), the wilayah and leadership of the Ummah [nation] devolve upon the jus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist |
Afro-Emiratis |
Slavery persisted in the Trucial States from 1892 until the formation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 1971. The Trucial States comprised the sheikhdoms of Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Kalba, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah, and Ras Al Khaimah. Enslaved individuals, primarily sourced from the Indian Ocean slave trade... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Emiratis |
Abrahamic religions | Jerusalem is considered Judaism's holiest city. Its origins can be dated to 1004 BCE, when according to Biblical tradition David established it as the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel, and his son Solomon built the First Temple on Mount Moriah. Since the Hebrew Bible relates that Isaac's sacrifice took place the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrahamic_religions |
Banū Mūsā brothers | The Banū Mūsā assisted al-Ma'mun's in his obsession to obtain and translate works from Greek into Arabic. They sent for Greek texts from the Byzantines, or travelled themselves to Byzantium to acquire them. During their working lives they used their wealth and energy towards the translation of these works. On his way h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C5%AB_M%C5%ABs%C4%81_brothers |
Sudanese revolution | On 19 December 2018, a series of demonstrations broke out in several Sudanese cities, due in part to rising costs of living and deterioration of economic conditions at all levels of society. The protests quickly turned from demands for urgent economic reforms into demands for President Omar al-Bashir to step down.
The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_revolution |
Queen Alia International Airport | Queen Alia International Airport (QAIA) was built in 1983 in response to the growing airport traffic needs that Amman Civil Airport could not accommodate. At the time, passenger traffic was increasing at a rate above the international average, recording 25–30% growth per annum and placing considerable pressure on airpo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Alia_International_Airport |
The Great War for Civilisation | 1. "One of Our Brothers Had a Dream..." is about Fisk's first interview in 1996 with the leader of al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, in the mountains of Afghanistan. The title of the chapter is derived from bin Laden who explains that one of his fighters had a dream of Fisk, wearing a robe and with a beard, and who was appro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_War_for_Civilisation |
Sasanian Empire | In general, mass slavery was never practiced by the Iranians, and in many cases the situation and lives of semi-slaves (prisoners of war) were, in fact, better than those of the commoner. In Persia, the term "slave" was also used for debtors who had to use some of their time to serve in a fire-temple.
Some of the laws ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
Liberalism | Liberal feminism, the dominant tradition in feminist history, is an individualistic form of feminist theory that focuses on women's ability to maintain their equality through their actions and choices. Liberal feminists hope to eradicate all barriers to gender equality, claiming that the continued existence of such bar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism |
Fula people | According to Tishkoff et al. (2009), the Fulani's genomic ancestry clusters near that of Chadic and Central Sudanic speaking populations, with genetic affinities observed to the Hausa people. Based on this, the researchers suggest that the Fulani may have adopted a Niger-Congo language at some point in their history, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people |
Names of God in Islam | Islamic tenets has detailed descriptions about to differentiate names with attributes (Arabic: صِفَة, romanized: ṣifāh plural of sˤi.faːt), which has literal abilities of their owns. Examples of the attributes are the name of "ar-Rahman" contains the attributes "mercifulness in general", or "fundamental mercy". Accordi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam |
Wahhabi War | George Forster Sadleir left a record on the aftermath of the former capital of the First Saudi state:
"The site of Deriah is in a deep ravine north-west of Munfooah, about ten miles distant. It is now in ruins, and the inhabitants who were spared, or escaped from the slaughter, have principally sought shelter here ...... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabi_War |
Israeli–Palestinian peace process | From December 2006 to mid-September 2008, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority met 36 times; there were also lower-level talks. In 2007 Olmert welcomed the Arab League's re-endorsement of the Arab Peace Initiative. In his bid to negotiate a peace accord and establi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process |
Traditional medicine | American Native and Alaska Native medicine are traditional forms of healing that have been around for thousands of years. There are many ethnobotany plants involved in traditional medicine for Native Americans and some are still used today. When it comes to Native American traditional medicine, the ideas surrounding he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_medicine |
Crusades | By the end of the 11th century, the period of Islamic Arab territorial expansion had been over for centuries. The Holy Land's remoteness from focus of Islamic power struggles enabled relative peace and prosperity in Syria and Palestine. Muslim-Western European contact was only more than minimal in the conflict in the I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades |
Abu Bakr al-Razi | Al-Razi was born in the city of Ray (modern Rey, also the origin of his name "al-Razi"), into a family of Persian stock and was a native speaker of Persian language. Ray was situated on the Great Silk Road that for centuries facilitated trade and cultural exchanges between East and West. It is located on the southern s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Razi |
Latin translations of the 12th century | Just before the burst of translations in the 12th century, Constantine the African, a Christian from Carthage who studied medicine in Egypt and ultimately became a monk at the monastery of Monte Cassino in Italy, translated medical works from Arabic. Constantine's many translations included Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi's me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century |
Eurofighter Typhoon | In August 2006, Saudi Arabia confirmed it had agreed to purchase 72 Typhoons for the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF). In December 2006, it was reported in The Guardian that Saudi Arabia had threatened to buy Rafales because of a UK Serious Fraud Office (SFO) investigation into the Al Yamamah defence deals which commenced ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon |
Qatar diplomatic crisis | On May 20, 2017 during the Riyadh Summit, Saudi and Emirati leaders held a private dinner with Senior Advisor to the President Jared Kushner and Chief Strategist Steve Bannon to inform them of their plan to blockade Qatar.
United States President Donald Trump claimed credit for engineering the diplomatic crisis in a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis |
Dervish movement (Somali) | According to Abdullah A. Mohamoud, traditional Somali society followed a decentralized structure and a nomadic lifestyle dependent on livestock and pastureland. It was also predominantly Muslim. By the close of the 19th century, the European colonial powers expanded their reach in the Horn of Africa, the region of Soma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dervish_movement_(Somali) |
Arab conquest of Egypt | When Theodore returned to Alexandria, he dismissed Domentianus as the military commander of the garrison and exiled him from the city, replacing him with Menas, who was a non-Chalcedonian Copt and popular with the army. Menas held a grudge against Domentianus' brother Eudocianus for Eudocianus' torture of the Coptic pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_conquest_of_Egypt |
Syro-Hittite states | One of the most contested issues within the field is related to the choice of proper terms for this group of states. On that issue, scholars are divided into several categories. Some prefer terms that are derived from endonymic (native) names for Luwians and Arameans, thus using terms like Luwian-Aramean or Aramean-Luw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states |
Ahmad ibn Hanbal | There have some alleged views that his juristic views were not always accepted. Qur'anic exegete Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, who at one time had sought to study under Ibn Hanbal, later stated that he did not consider Ibn Hanbal a jurist and gave his views in the field no weight, describing him as an expert in prophet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal |
Boxing | There is a generally accepted rule of thumb about the success each of these boxing styles has against the others. In general, an in-fighter has an advantage over an out-fighter, an out-fighter has an advantage over a brawler, and a brawler has an advantage over an in-fighter; these form a cycle with each style being st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing |
Drug prohibition | The terms relegalization, legalization, legal regulations, or decriminalization are used with very different meanings by different authors, something that can be confusing when the claims are not specified. Here are some variants:
Sales of one or more drugs (e.g., marijuana) for personal use become legal, at least if ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_prohibition |
Indus Valley Civilisation | Between 400 and as many as 600 distinct Indus symbols have been found on stamp seals, small tablets, ceramic pots and more than a dozen other materials, including a "signboard" that apparently once hung over the gate of the inner citadel of the Indus city of Dholavira. Typical Indus inscriptions are around five charact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation |
Kashgar | There were eras in Xinjiang's history where intermarriage was common, and "laxity" set upon Uyghur women led them to marry Chinese men in the period after Yakub Beg's rule ended. It is also believed by Uyghurs that some Uyghurs have Han Chinese ancestry from historical intermarriage, such as those living in Turpan.
Eve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar |
Oriental rug | The technically more advanced, stationary vertical looms are used in villages and town manufactures. The more advanced types of vertical looms are more comfortable, as they allow for the weavers to retain their position throughout the entire weaving process. In essence, the width of the carpet is limited by the length ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_rug |
Anglo-Persian Oil Company | Later in March 1951, the Iranian parliament, the Majlis, voted to nationalise the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) and its holdings. In April, Mohammed Mossadegh, leader of the National Front and a champion of nationalisation, was elected prime minister; sparking the Abadan Crisis.
Mossadegh broke off negotiations wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Oil_Company |
Syrian revolution | In the southern city of Daraa, commonly called the "Cradle of the Syrian Revolution", protests had been triggered on 6 March by the incarceration and torture of 15 young students from prominent families who were arrested for writing anti-government graffiti in the city, reading: "الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام" – ("The people... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_revolution |
Malaysia | Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories. These are divided between two regions, with 11 states and two federal territories on Peninsular Malaysia and the other two states and one federal territory in East Malaysia. Each state is divided into districts, which are then divided into mukim. In S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia |
LGBT rights in Egypt | Sunni Islam eventually supplanted Christianity as the dominant religion of Egypt in the centuries following the Muslim conquest of Egypt. Alongside Sunni Islam came a new ruling class: the Arabs, and later, the Mamluks. The cultural dialogue on homosocial and homosexual behaviors in medieval Egypt was usually critical.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Egypt |
Rohingya people | (in alphabetical order)
Aye Chan (Autumn 2005). "The Development of a Muslim Enclave in Arakan (Rakhine) State of Burma (Myanmar)" (PDF). SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research. 3 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
"Burma's Western Border as Reported by the Diplomatic Correspo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_people |
Neo-Mandaic | Neo-Mandaic words range in size from one to five syllables. Each syllable consists of an onset (which is optional in word-initial syllables) and a rime. The rime consists of a nucleus (usually a vowel or a syllabic consonant) with or without a coda. The onset and the coda which frame the nucleus consist of consonants; ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Mandaic |
Jerba Berber | North Africa has a deeply stable edifice of language, within which three language sources claim influence. The indigenous Berber languages, Romance languages (Latin, French, Spanish, and Italian), and Semitic languages (Punic, Arabic) have shared the linguistic domain of the region dating back to the Classical Period, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerba_Berber |
Saudi Arabia–United States relations | On September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, by four hijacked planes, occurred in New York City, Washington, D.C., and in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The attacks killed 2,977 victims and caused an estimated $150 billion in property and infrastructure damage and economic impact, exceeding the death toll and dam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations |
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