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Bronze Age | In China, the earliest bronze artefacts have been found in the Majiayao culture site (between 3100 and 2700 BC).
The term "Bronze Age" has been transferred to the archaeology of China from that of Western Eurasia, and there is no consensus or universally used convention delimiting the "Bronze Age" in the context of Chi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age |
Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani | Very little is known about Al-Hamadani’s early life and primary sources are very limited. The main biographical account comes from Al-Tha'alibi, and most later biographies are derived from that. According to al-Hamadani’s own account, he was of Arab descent and his family had some education, but scholars have disputed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badi%27_al-Zaman_al-Hamadani |
Roman Empire | When Juvenal complained that the Roman people had exchanged their political liberty for "bread and circuses", he was referring to the state-provided grain dole and the circenses, events held in the entertainment venue called a circus. The largest such venue in Rome was the Circus Maximus, the setting of horse races, ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire |
Sahure | As a deceased king, Sahure continued to receive religious offerings during the New Kingdom as part of the standard cult of the royal ancestors. For example, Sahure is present on the Karnak king list, a list of kings inscribed on the walls of the Akhmenu, the Karnak temple of Thutmose III. Unlike other ancient Egyptian ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahure |
Alexandria | Alexandria has a long history of foreign educational institutions. The first foreign schools date to the early 19th century, when French missionaries began establishing French charitable schools to educate the Egyptians. Today, the most important French schools in Alexandria run by Catholic missionaries include Collège... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria |
Atharism | Atharism materialized as a formal distinct school of thought towards the end of the 8th century CE among Muslim scholars of the ḥadīth who held the Quran and the authentic ḥadīth to be the only acceptable sources in matters of law and creed. Alongside Malik ibn Anas, Islamic scholar Ibn Idris al-Shafi'i is widely regar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atharism |
Ebers Papyrus | Examples of remedies in the Ebers Papyrus include:
Birth control: "To prevent conception, smear a paste of dates, acacia, and honey to wool and apply as a pessary."
Diabetes mellitus: "Drink a mixture including elderberry, asit plant fibres, milk, beer-swill, cucumber flowers, and green dates." It is not known what "a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebers_Papyrus |
Dance | Concert dance, like opera, generally depends for its large-scale form upon a narrative dramatic structure. The movements and gestures of the choreography are primarily intended to mime the personality and aims of the characters and their part in the plot. Such theatrical requirements tend towards longer, freer movement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance |
Lakhmid kingdom | The Lakhmid Kingdom was founded and ruled by the Banu Lakhm tribe that emigrated from Yemen in the second century. The founder of the dynasty was 'Amr, whose son Imru' al-Qais I (not to be confused with the poet Imru' al-Qais who lived in the sixth century) is claimed to have converted to Christianity. However, there i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhmid_kingdom |
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920) | In 1914, Italy remained neutral despite the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. In 1915, it joined the Allies to gain the territories promised by the Triple Entente in the secret Treaty of London: Trentino, the Tyrol as far as Brenner, Trieste, Istria, most of the Dalmatian Coast (except Fiume), Valona, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920) |
First Crusade | The popularity of these works shaped how crusading was viewed in the medieval mind. Numerous poems and songs sprung from the First Crusade, including Gilo of Toucy's Historia de via Hierosolymitana. The well-known chanson de geste, Chanson d'Antioche, describes the First Crusade from the original preaching through the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade |
Bashar al-Assad | On 14 February 2005, Rafic Hariri, the former prime minister of Lebanon, was assassinated in a massive truck-bomb explosion in Beirut, killing 22 people. The Christian Science Monitor reported that "Syria was widely blamed for Hariri's murder. In the months leading to the assassination, relations between Hariri and Syr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad |
Afroasiatic languages | Restrictions against the co-occurrence of certain, usually similar, consonants in verbal roots can be found in all Afroasiatic branches, though they are only weakly attested in Chadic and Omotic. The most widespread constraint is against two different labial consonants (other than w) occurring together in a root, a con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages |
Al-Qaeda | Experts debate the notion that the al-Qaeda attacks were an indirect consequence of the American CIA's Operation Cyclone program to help the Afghan mujahideen. Robin Cook, British Foreign Secretary from 1997 to 2001, has written that al-Qaeda and bin Laden were "a product of a monumental miscalculation by western secur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda |
Population history of Egypt | Trikhanus (1981) found Egyptians to plot closest to tropical Africans and not Mediterranean Europeans residing in a roughly similar climatic area.
Robins and Shute (1983) performed X-ray measurements on the physical proportions of ancient Egyptian pharaohs from the 18th and 19th dynasties such as Thutmose III, Amenhote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_Egypt |
Democracy in Africa | There are a variety of indices used to measure democracy in the world. The Democracy Index by the Economist categorizes countries into full democracies, flawed democracies, hybrid regimes, or authoritarian regimes. The V-Dem Democracy indices by V-Dem Institute in Sweden distinguishes between electoral, liberal, partic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa |
Ancient Egypt | The New Kingdom pharaohs established a period of unprecedented prosperity by securing their borders and strengthening diplomatic ties with their neighbours, including the Mitanni Empire, Assyria, and Canaan. Military campaigns waged under Tuthmosis I and his grandson Tuthmosis III extended the influence of the pharaohs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt |
2003 Casablanca bombings | Throughout modern Moroccan history, radical Islamist violence has been relatively unprecedented. There have been rare exceptions such as the 1975 assassination of Omar Benjelloun by loyalists to Islamist guru Abdelkrim Motiî. Despite this, radical islamists were largely forced to be peaceful following the assassination... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Casablanca_bombings |
Banu Munqidh | In 1127 Sultan put the Banu Munqidh under the suzerainty of the ascendant Muslim ruler of Mosul and Aleppo, founder of the Zengid dynasty Imad al-Din, which allowed for a greater level of security for the family's domains. This was interrupted by a short siege of Shayzar by the Imad al-Din's principal Muslim rival, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Munqidh |
Islamic architecture | As a common feature, Islamic architecture makes use of specific ornamental forms, including mathematically complicated, elaborate geometric patterns, floral motifs like the arabesque, and elaborate calligraphic inscriptions. The geometric or floral, interlaced forms, taken together, constitute an infinitely repeated pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture |
Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt | In 343 BC, Artaxerxes, in addition to his 330,000 Persians, had now a force of 14,000 Greeks furnished by the Greek cities of Asia Minor: 4,000 under Mentor, consisting of the troops which he had brought to the aid of Tennes from Egypt; 3,000 sent by Argos; and 1000 from Thebes. He divided these troops into three bodie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt |
Somaliland | The 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion was a rebellion waged by tribesmen of the Habr Je'lo clan in the former British Somaliland protectorate against British authorities in July 1945 led by Sheikh Bashir, a Somali religious leader.
On 2 July, Sheikh Bashir collected 25 of his followers in the town of Wadamago and transporte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland |
Art Deco | In 1925, two different competing schools coexisted within Art Deco: the traditionalists, who had founded the Society of Decorative Artists; included the furniture designer Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann, Jean Dunand, the sculptor Antoine Bourdelle, and designer Paul Poiret; they combined modern forms with traditional craftsman... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco |
Religion | Religion is a modern concept. The concept was invented recently in the English language and is found in texts from the 17th century due to events such as the splitting of Christendom during the Protestant Reformation and globalization in the Age of Exploration, which involved contact with numerous foreign cultures with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion |
Code of Personal Status in Tunisia | It was not until leaving 1989, once that the connection with Islamists was broken, that a new modernist discourse took its place. Women were then called upon to characterize this change: official receptions have been mixed since 1992 and ministers and senior civil servants were encouraged to attend accompanied by their... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Personal_Status_in_Tunisia |
Uday Hussein | It has been claimed that Uday had taken advantage of the United Nations sanctions in Iraq and built an immense wealth and influence empire. He supplied oil, cigarettes and other prohibited materials through smuggling and sold them on the black market in Iraq. He also sold alcohol and racehorses to rich Gulf countries. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uday_Hussein |
Amin al-Husseini | On 10 August 1928, a constituent assembly convened by the French in Syria was rapidly adjourned when calls were made for a reunification with Palestine.
Al-Husseini and Awni Abd al-Hadi met with the Syrian nationalists
and they made a joint proclamation for a unified monarchical state under a son of Ibn Sa'ud. On the 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini |
Fatima | The last passage of verse 33:33, also known as the verse of purification, reads:God only desires to remove defilement from you, O Ahl al-Bayt, and to purify you completely.Muslims disagree as to who belong to the Ahl al-Bayt (lit. 'people of the house') and what political privileges or responsibilities they have. Shia ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima |
Terrorism in Yemen | On May 5, 2011, a missile fired from a US drone killed Abdullah and Mosaad Mubarak, brothers who may have been al-Qaeda militants. The missile struck their car, and both died instantly. The strike intended to kill al-Qaeda propagandist Anwar al-Awlaki, but he was not hit in the strike.
On June 3, 2011, American manned ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Yemen |
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate | In the early nineteenth century, Western visitor would see scenes in Lebanon of a distinctive local character in the fashion of men and women, and in the style of furniture, the types of food, and the types of customs and traditions. The nineteenth century did not end until many of these manifestations changed, especia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate |
Fakhr al-Din II | Fakhr al-Din's basic governing policy was based on the collection of sufficient revenue to satisfy the exorbitant demands of the Ottoman imperial government and to elicit the goodwill of the pashas of Damascus through bribes. To raise revenue, he introduced more productive agricultural methods to his territories and pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_II |
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi | Rashid Ahmad was born on Monday, 6 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1244 AH (1826 AD) in Gangoh, Saharanpur District, British India (in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India). He was born in the mahallah of Sarai, close to the tomb of Abdul Quddus Gangohi. Both his father Maulana Hidayat Ahmad and his mother Karimun Nisa belonged to Ansari A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi |
Agriculture in Mauritania | Millet and sorghum were Mauritania's principal crops, followed by rice and corn. Before the 1980s, millet and sorghum accounted for 70 to 80 percent or more of total grain production. Rice production in the 1970s averaged 5 to 10 percent, and corn made up 10 to 25 percent. In the 1980s, rice production grew in importan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mauritania |
Baalbek | Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany and his wife passed through Baalbek on 1 November 1898, on their way to Jerusalem. He noted both the magnificence of the Roman remains and the drab condition of the modern settlement. It was expected at the time that natural disasters, winter frosts, and the raiding of building materials b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek |
Rumi | Rumi's father was Bahā ud-Dīn Walad, a theologian, jurist and a mystic from Wakhsh, who was also known by the followers of Rumi as Sultan al-Ulama or "Sultan of the Scholars". According to Sultan Walad's Ibadetname and Shamsuddin Aflaki (c.1286 to 1291), Rumi was a descendant of Abu Bakr. Some modern scholars, however,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi |
Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction | The Bangladesh Liberation War was a defeat for Pakistan, which led to it losing roughly 56,000 square miles (150,000 km2) of territory as well as losing more than half its population to the newly independent state of Bangladesh. In addition to the psychological setback for Pakistan, it had failed to gather any signific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction |
Concubinage | Relationships with slaves in the United States and the Confederacy were sometimes euphemistically referred to as concubinary. From lifelong to single or serial sexual visitations, these relationships with enslaved people illustrate a radical power imbalance between a human owned as chattel, and the legal owner of same.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubinage |
Battle of Maysalun | The first clashes took place at 6:30 when French tanks stormed the central position of the Syrian defensive line while French cavalry and infantry units assaulted the Syrians' northern and southern positions. The camel cavalry were the first Syrian units to engage the French. Syrian forces initially put up stiff resist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Maysalun |
Damascus | Ayyubid rule (and independence) came to an end with the Mongol invasion of Syria in 1260, in which the Mongols led by Kitbuqa entered the city on 1 March 1260, along with the King of Armenia, Hethum I, and the Prince of Antioch, Bohemond VI; hence, the citizens of Damascus saw for the first time for six centuries three... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus |
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict | The direct trigger of the Qatif uprising following the 1979 Iranian Revolution was a mourning procession marking the Shia religious holiday of Ashura, which was prohibited to be celebrated publicly in Saudi Arabia. The ensuing marches and protests led to escalating tensions resulting in bloody clashes between demonstra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict |
Arab wedding | In Old Palestine, the henna night was a night used to prepare all the necessary wedding decorations and last-minute arrangements. It was also a chance for the families to celebrate together before the wedding. The groom's family would sahij, or dance, through the streets of the village until they reached the house of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_wedding |
Pakistan | Developments in science and technology have played a significant role in Pakistan's infrastructure, linking the nation to the global community. Each year, the Pakistan Academy of Sciences and the government invite scientists worldwide to the International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics. In 2005, Pakistan hosted a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan |
1982 Lebanon War | Following the departure of the PLO and international peacekeepers, Islamist militants began launching guerrilla attacks against Israeli forces. Suicide bombings were a particularly popular tactic, the most serious being the Tyre headquarters bombings, which twice devastated IDF headquarters in Tyre, and killed 103 Isra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War |
Hebron | By 1850, the Jewish population consisted of 45–60 Sephardic families, some 40 born in the town, and a 30-year-old Ashkenazic community of 50 families, mainly Polish and Russian, the Lubavitch Hasidic movement having established a community in 1823. The ascendency of Ibrahim Pasha led to a decline in the local glass ind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron |
Persecution of Baháʼís | On May 19, 2006 Iranian officials arrested 54 Baháʼís, mostly young people, in Shiraz, according to representatives of the International Baháʼí Community. Apparently the group was arrested during its participation in a community-service project teaching classes to underprivileged children, initiated by a local non-gove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs |
Islam and blasphemy | According to several hadiths, Muhammad ordered a number of enemies executed "in the hours after Mecca's fall". One of those who was killed was Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, because he had insulted Muhammad.
The Prophet said, "Who is ready to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf who has really hurt Allah and His Apostle?" Muhammad bin Maslam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy |
Christianity in the Middle East | Christianity has a long history in Anatolia (now part of the Republic of Turkey), which is the birthplace of numerous Christian Apostles and Saints, such as Paul of Tarsus, Timothy, Nicholas of Myra, Polycarp of Smyrna and many others.
Two out of the five centers (Patriarchates) of the ancient Pentarchy are in Turkey: ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_East |
Sasanian Empire | The Sasanian kings were patrons of letters and philosophy. Khosrau I had the works of Plato and Aristotle, translated into Pahlavi, taught at Gundishapur, and read them himself. During his reign, many historical annals were compiled, of which the sole survivor is the Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan (Deeds of Ardashir), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
Egypt | In 1914 the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in alliance with the Central Empires; Khedive Abbas II (who had grown increasingly hostile to the British in preceding years) decided to support the motherland in war. Following such decision, the British forcibly removed him from power and replaced him with his brother Hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt |
Arab world | There is no single description of Arab cinema since it includes films from various countries and cultures of the Arab world and therefore does not have one form, structure, or style. In its inception, Arab cinema was mostly an imitation of Western cinema. However, it has and continues to constantly change and evolve. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world |
Bagpipes | During the expansion of the British Empire, spearheaded by British military forces that included Highland regiments, the Scottish Great Highland bagpipe became well known worldwide. This surge in popularity was boosted by large numbers of pipers trained for military service in World War I and World War II. This coincid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagpipes |
Sufism | Kashf (unveiling): It is a light that comes to those who walk in their journey to God. He reveals to them the veil of sense, and removes from them the causes of matter as a result of the striving, seclusion and remembrance they take themselves with.
At-Takhalli, At-Tahalli, At-Tajalli: At-Takhalli means emptying and p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism |
Allah | Christians in Malaysia and Indonesia use Allah to refer to God in the Malaysian and Indonesian languages (both of them standardized forms of the Malay language). Mainstream Bible translations in the language use Allah as the translation of Hebrew Elohim (translated in English Bibles as "God"). This goes back to early ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah |
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist | In the 1960s, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was the leading cleric fighting the monarch (Shah) of the secularist Pahlavi dynasty.
In early 1970, when he was exiled to the holy Shia city of Najaf, he gave a series of lectures on how "Islamic Government" required Wilayat Al Faqih. Leading up to the revolution, a book base... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist |
One Thousand and One Nights | In the mid-20th century, the scholar Nabia Abbott found a document with a few lines of an Arabic work with the title The Book of the Tale of a Thousand Nights, dating from the ninth century. This is the earliest known surviving fragment of the Nights. The first reference to the Arabic version under its full title The O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights |
Reptile | In the 13th century, the category of reptile was recognized in Europe as consisting of a miscellany of egg-laying creatures, including "snakes, various fantastic monsters, lizards, assorted amphibians, and worms", as recorded by Beauvais in his Mirror of Nature.
In the 18th century, the reptiles were, from the outset o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile |
Nippur | Late in the 3rd millennium BC, Nippur was conquered and occupied by the rulers of Akkad, or Agade, and numerous votive objects of Sargon, Rimush, and Naram-Sin testify to the veneration in which they also held this sanctuary. Naram-Sin rebuilt both the Ekur temple and the 17.5 meter wide city walls. One of the few inst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippur |
Prince Hassan bin Talal | Prince El Hassan has been a very active participant in Jordanian and International civil society. He founded the Royal Scientific Society in 1970, the Annual Bilad Al-Sham Conference in 1978, and the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought in 1980. He has also established the Al al-Bayt University in Mafraq, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Hassan_bin_Talal |
Oman | In October 2004, the Omani government set up a Ministry of Sports Affairs to replace the General Organisation for Youth, Sports and Cultural Affairs. The 19th Arabian Gulf Cup took place in Muscat, from 4 to 17 January 2009 and was won by the Omani national football team. The 23rd Arabian Gulf Cup that took place in Ku... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman |
Egyptian chronology | Forming the backbone of Egyptian chronology are the regnal years as recorded in Ancient Egyptian king lists. Surviving king lists are either comprehensive but have significant gaps in their text (for example, the Turin King List), or are textually complete but fail to provide a complete list of rulers (for example, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_chronology |
First Syrian Republic | With the fall of France in 1940 during World War II, Syria came under the control of the Vichy Government until the British and Free French invaded and occupied the country in July 1941. Syria proclaimed its independence again in 1941 but it was not until 1 January 1944 that it was recognized as an independent republic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Syrian_Republic |
History of Algeria | The Zirid period of Ifriqiya is considered a high point in its history, with agriculture, industry, trade and learning, both religious and secular, all flourishing, especially in their capital, Qayrawan (Kairouan). The early reign of al-Mu'izz ibn Badis (r. 1016–1062) was particularly prosperous and marked the height o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Algeria |
Islamic philosophy | Al-Dinawari (828–896), considered the founder of Arabic botany for his Book of Plants, discussed plant evolution from its birth to its death, describing the phases of plant growth and the production of flowers and fruit.
Ibn Miskawayh's al-Fawz al-Asghar and the Brethren of Purity's Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Puri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy |
Ahruf | According to Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi
As for what is meant by these seven ahruf, there is a great deal of difference on this issue. Ibn Qutaybah (d. 276 A.H.) recorded thirty-five opinions on the issue, and as-Suyootee listed over forty. Ibn Sa'adan (d. 231 A.H.), a famous grammarian and reciter of the Qur'aan, even de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahruf |
Charles de Gaulle | De Gaulle landed at Heston Airport soon after 12:30 on 17 June 1940. He saw Churchill at around 15:00 and Churchill offered him broadcast time on BBC. They both knew about Pétain's broadcast earlier that day that stated that "the fighting must end" and that he had approached the Germans for terms. That evening de Gaull... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle |
Arabs | The Ghassanids, Lakhmids and Kindites were the last major migration of pre-Islamic Arabs out of Yemen to the north. The Ghassanids increased the Semitic presence in then-Hellenized Syria, the majority of Semites were Aramaic peoples. They mainly settled in the Hauran region and spread to modern Lebanon, Palestine and J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Cleopatra | Cleopatra belonged to the Macedonian Greek dynasty of the Ptolemies, their European origins tracing back to northern Greece. Through her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, she was a descendant of two prominent companions of Alexander the Great of Macedon: the general Ptolemy I Soter, founder of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra |
Arabs | Arabs are mostly Muslims with a Sunni majority and a Shia minority, one exception being the Ibadis, who predominate in Oman. Arab Christians generally follow Eastern Churches such as the Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic churches, though a minority of Protestant Church followers also exists. There are also Arab communi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Yemeni Armed Forces | During the revolution of 2011, large crowds of Houthis participated in the protests. When the armed uprising started, the Houthis used this as a chance to take over northern Yemen. When Ali Abdullah Saleh was replaced by Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi as president, Hadi was to take over as president for two years. The Houthis ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Armed_Forces |
Arab Nationalist Movement | The Arab Nationalist Movement had its origins in a student group led by George Habash at the American University of Beirut which emerged in the 1950s. Because Habash thought that the reclaiming of Palestine was a community effort, the dissemination of a united Arab identity was critical for collective action following ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Movement |
Sharia | Ijtihad lit. 'physical' or 'mental effort' refers to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or exertion of a jurist's mentality in finding a solution to a legal question in contrast with taqlid (conformity to precedent ijtihad). According to theory, ijtihad requires expertise in the Arabic language, theolo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
Origins of the Six-Day War | Egyptian Field Marshal Amer formulated a plan for initiating an attack on Israel in late May; it was rejected by Nasser who felt that despite the rising tensions, Egypt should not attack Israel unless Israel attacked first. Nasser’s awareness of this plan prior to his rejection of it is debated by other historians.
Ore... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_Six-Day_War |
Muammar Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied history at the University of Libya in Benghazi before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward soci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi |
Christianity in the Middle East | Notable Christians of Middle Eastern ancestry in Middle East and Diaspora:
Andre Agassi – former Iranian-American tennis player (Assyrian-Armenian descent)
Alees Samaan, the Bahraini ambassador to the United Kingdom.
Vera Baboun, first female Mayor of Bethlehem (Palestinian Roman Catholic Christian)
Fairuz, Lebanese s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_East |
Islam and gender segregation | When Ruhollah Khomeini called for women to attend public demonstrations and ignore the night curfew, millions of women who would otherwise not have left their homes without their husbands' and fathers' permission or presence, took to the streets. After the Islamic revolution, however, Khomeini publicly announced his di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation |
Flag of Tunisia | Until the mid-18th century, the design and significance of maritime flags flying on ships in Tunis are unknown. However, various sources have been able to distinguish certain similarities among the flags: they were designed with a crescent-oriented shape in the presence of the colors blue, green, red, and white. Therea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tunisia |
Breaking the Impasse | The idea of forming a pressure group led by Israeli and Palestinian business figures was conceived at a meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland in June 2012. The group was intended to be apolitical and not endorse a specific political party or approach to ending the Israel-Palestine conflict. The init... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_the_Impasse |
Akhmim | Akhmim was known in Ancient Egypt as Ipu, Apu (according to Brugsch the name is related to the nearby village of Kafr Abou) or Khent-min. It was the capital of the ninth (Chemmite) nome of Upper Egypt.
The city is a suggested hometown for Yuya, the official of Tuthmosis IV and Amenhotep III.
The ithyphallic Min (whom t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmim |
Emir Abdelkader | In July 1860, conflict between the Druze and Maronites of Mount Lebanon spread to Damascus, and local Druze attacked the Christian quarter, killing over 3,000 people. Abdelkader had previously warned the French consul as well as the Council of Damascus that violence was imminent; when it finally broke out, he sheltered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader |
Cleopatra | Ptolemy XIII arrived at Alexandria at the head of his army, in clear defiance of Caesar's demand that he disband and leave his army before his arrival. Cleopatra initially sent emissaries to Caesar, but upon allegedly hearing that Caesar was inclined to having affairs with royal women, she came to Alexandria to see him... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra |
Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | By October 2023, the SAF in Darfur was experiencing acute shortages in supplies due to RSF-imposed sieges, and had failed to utilize its air superiority to stem RSF advances. On 26 October, the RSF captured Nyala, Sudan's fourth-largest city, after seizing control of the SAF's 16th Infantry Division headquarters. The f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present) |
International Security Assistance Force | Albania – On 28 July 2010, Albania sent 44 soldiers from the Albanian Special Operations Battalion to engage in combat operations in the province of Kandahar alongside US and British special forces. The contingent was given the name "Eagle 1". On 25 January 2011, the second rotation consisting of 45 soldiers named "Eag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force |
French Algeria | Relations between post-colonial Algeria and France have remained close throughout the years, although sometimes difficult. In 1962, the Évian Accords peace treaty provided land in the Sahara for the French Army, which it had used under de Gaulle to carry out its first nuclear tests (Gerboise bleue). Many European settl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Algeria |
Impalement | Cases of longitudinal impalement typically occur in the context of war or as a punishment for robbery, the latter being attested to as the practice in Central and Eastern Europe. During the Defenestration of Prague in 1419, the Hussites impaled councilors to the king on pikes.
Individuals accused of collaborating with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalement |
Dubai | Tourism is an important part of the Dubai government's strategy to maintain the flow of foreign cash into the emirate. Dubai's lure for tourists is based mainly on shopping, but also on its possession of other ancient and modern attractions. As of 2018, Dubai is the fourth most-visited city in the world based on the nu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai |
General Directorate of Border Guard | The late King Abdulaziz Al Saud laid the foundation of the organs of the state. In 10/7/1331.H (14 June 1913) The late king was preoccupied and first concerned about the formation and setting up land and maritime patrols and surveillance centres in the Eastern region. The patrols and the centres were consisting of smal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Border_Guard |
Hosni Mubarak | Mubarak served as an Egyptian Air Force officer in various formations and units; he spent two years in a Spitfire fighter squadron. Some time in the 1950s, he returned to the Air Force Academy as an instructor, remaining there until early 1959. From February 1959 to June 1961, Mubarak undertook further training in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak |
Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region | The GCC countries are among the top remittance sending countries in the world. In 2013, 23% of all remittances globally were sent from the GCC region. The total official value was estimated to be approximately US$90 billion. In 2016, Saudi Arabia was second on the list of remittance sending countries and other GCC memb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_region |
History of Iraq (2011–present) | In March 2018, Turkey launched military operations to eliminate active Kurdish separatist fighters in the far north of the country. Muqtada al-Sadr's political coalition won parliamentary election in May 2018. Serious civil unrest rocked the country beginning in Baghdad and Najaf in July 2018 and spreading to other pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraq_(2011%E2%80%93present) |
Wajeha al-Huwaider | Al-Huwaider spent several years writing for her local press, including the Arabic Language daily Al-Watan and the English-language daily Arab News. Over the course of her tenure, she covered progressive policy topics like strengthening women's rights and improving the treatment of Saudi Arabia's Shia Muslim minority.
F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajeha_al-Huwaider |
Nabataean architecture | The monuments of Petra are a well-known example of this type of use of Nabatean architecture, these architectural works include all types of public buildings in addition to private buildings. The architectural elements of the urban area of Petra were built according to the city's general urban plan, as the main street... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_architecture |
Sogdia | Shortly after the smuggling of silkworm eggs into the Byzantine Empire from China by Nestorian Christian monks, the 6th-century Byzantine historian Menander Protector writes of how the Sogdians attempted to establish a direct trade of Chinese silk with the Byzantine Empire. After forming an alliance with the Sasanian r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdia |
Ismail Ibn Sharif | The main character traits of Moulay Ismail, according to the chronicles and legends of his period, were his "tendency to order and authority, as well as his iron will." He put his strength and power at the service of this unyielding will, "If God gave me the kingship, man cannot take it from me," he is reported to have... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Ibn_Sharif |
Palestinian Bedouin | Palestinian Bedouins have clear notions of land ownership, and have historically entertained semi-pastoral and agricultural lifestyles. Traditional Orientalist scholarship portrayed them as landless desert nomads socially and culturally distinct from the rest of the Palestinian population.
The Israeli government has fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Bedouin |
Dam | The Romans were the first to build arch dams, where the reaction forces from the abutment stabilizes the structure from the external hydrostatic pressure, but it was only in the 19th century that the engineering skills and construction materials available were capable of building the first large-scale arch dams.
Three ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam |
TT52 | The stela on the south wall of the broad hall shows men making offerings to images of the deceased. Beneath this, Nut is shown before a pile of offerings. This scene, therefore, shows that the dead were not wholly reliant on their family for offerings but could rely on "a divine source as well". Similar scenes could... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TT52 |
Qira'at | Contrary to popular conceptions, the Quran was not originally codified in Classical Arabic, instead originating in the Old Hijazi dialect of Arabic. Linguist and Quranic manuscript expert Dr. Marijn van Putten has written a number of papers on the Arabic evident in the Quranic consonantal text (QCT). Van Putten brings ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qira%27at |
History of the Jews in Egypt | On January 22, 1517, the Ottoman sultan, Selim I, defeated Tuman Bey, the last of the Mamelukes. He made radical changes in the governance of the Jewish community, abolishing the office of nagid, making each community independent, and placing David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra at the head of that of Cairo. He also appoint... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt |
Torah | Torah reading (Hebrew: קריאת התורה, K'riat HaTorah, "Reading [of] the Torah") is a Jewish religious ritual that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Torah scroll. The term often refers to the entire ceremony of removing the Torah scroll (or scrolls) from the ark, chanting the appropriate excerpt with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah |
Hagir S. Elsheikh | Hagir received her first degree from Sudan University of science and technology in Electrical Engineering. Due to her political activities, she faced severe repercussions, including arrest, torture, and death threats from the regime’s security apparatus. These experiences ultimately led her to seek refuge in the United... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagir_S._Elsheikh |
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