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<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is interferon and how does it work?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Interferons are drugs that are used when a person has a viral infection. They take advantage of existing complicated human body responses and make the body more vigilant to cells that maybe infected. &gt; Side note, the...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does youtube meet the incredibly high demand for storage required for all the uploaded videos? I read that if you tried to watch every video on youtube, for every minute of video you watched, you would fall one week behind due to all the uploads that would take place in that one minute. So t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why are basketball officials so much more touchy than football officials? Is there an answer beyond "That's just the way it is?" Football coaches yell and curse at football officials routinely without flags being thrown. Yet when a basketball coach or player vehemently questions a call, even wit...
<|im_start|>user How are the digits of constants (eg pi) calculated to so many places?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant ELY12: They calculate quantities that are near pi, and refine their calculations as many times as they want. The Greek mathematician Archimedes drew a circle with a radius of one unit and then drew ...
<|im_start|>user [Dune] Why didn't anyone ship water to Arrakis? When Arrakis was a desert planet the population had to take extreme measures to conserve water. But for a society that has enormous spaceships, it seems like it would be fairly simple to move a few million liters of water around every now and then. So w...
<|im_start|>user What is the "holy grail" of your field, what is needed to obtain it, and how will this impact the world? I am interested to see what kind of research people do here, and for what reasons. I find that most researchers I've had the opportunity to speak with usually work on something really cool. You can ...
<|im_start|>user [Elf] Does Buddy the Elf have (magic) Powers or is he an ordinary human? He starts life as fully human, but when he was taken to the north pole, did his mortal self 'die' at the hands of elf incompetents only for them to bring him back to life with aid of their magic so that he could become this elf/ma...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do we avoid raw meat when japan consumes it so often? I used to think it was just sushi/sashimi, but now I realize they eat raw egg, chicken, and possibly more.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant They take care to ensure that the chickens are raised and processed in a hygienic fashion to minimiz...
<|im_start|>user How does a hard drive compensate for the expansion of itself when in use? It is my understanding that there are very precise points of magnetised sectors within a hard drive, an expansion of just fractions of millimetres could disrupt the whole hard drive, or so I would presume. Why does it not?<|im_en...
<|im_start|>user CMV: The Media Only Cares when White, Pretty, or Rich Woman are Missing. People go missing everyday and nearly 600,000 people go missing each year in the United States alone. Yet I have seen it time and time again for the last few decades. Whenever the media picks up on a missing persons story they ar...
<|im_start|>user CMV: The act of forcing police to wear cameras is merely treating a symptom of a problem rather than the cause I am not arguing that if police were to wear cameras that it would not have a positive effect, it might, it might not, I am not sure. However it is merely trying to treat one small part of a l...
<|im_start|>user [Doctor Who] Are the Doctor's future regenerations built into his genome? If we fully sequenced the Doctor's DNA (if he even has it), could we predict the appearance/personality of his next regeneration? Do we even have a biological explanation for regeneration?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The chan...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do some people get so many cavities? I'm not really familiar with the makeup of the teeth, and this is largely anecdotal, but why do some people get tons of cavities? In my case, I was never taught any real dental health by my parents. I probably brushed my teeth once or twice a month (I know...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: when you apply for a patent how do they check there isn't already a conflicting one?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Patents are indexed by subject matter and words they contain, but basically the patent office still does it the hard way, by looking at all the related patents they can find. Compu...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: In html, what is the difference between a div id and a class And how and when would you use one over the other? I cannot wrap my head around this concept. Thanks!<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant An id is a unique thing - an identifier for a specific object. A class is a name for multiple simila...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are whole tunas bought for so much when canned tuna is one of the cheapest foods you can get?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Different species and parts of the tuna. Similar to how wagyu beef is more expensive than regular beef. And Beef tenderloin is a lot more expensive than hamburger. ...
<|im_start|>user Economists, what do you think most other economists get wrong? Further, what are your biggest pet peeves with your peers. What do you see other economists saying or doing that makes you think, “we’re all full of crap” Spill the tea<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The hierarchy of the profession, for ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does the can of compressed-air dust remover gets so cold if used continually at once?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant So, when you're dealing with gases, you have to understand that, in order to expand, a gas must heat up. When you use compressed air duster, there's more room in the can that...
<|im_start|>user Which philosopher invented the idea that today's me is under tyranny of yesterday's me actions? I found it year ago on existentialcomics, I think there was here a case in court where accused one said "it wasn't me, it was yesterday's me, I'm not guilty"<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Kant discusses it...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How were mines ventilated before electric pumps and fans were invented?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There were a few different techniques. Clever designs of ventilation shafts could get the air to move from a slight wind and the heat of the ground. Sometimes they would have a fire burning in ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: If it's unacceptable to judge people based on their career achievements or status (job title, income, etc), it should be equally unacceptable to judge people based on their academic achievements (GPA, how prestigious their degree/university is) People make mistakes and learn from them in both phas...
<|im_start|>user What mathematical concepts are involved in voting and voting systems? Above<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There is a subsection of decision theory called social decision theory which aims to find a way of ranking a set of outcomes that best fits a large group of people who all have individual ranking...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Critical thinking is the most important and/or useful thing anyone could learn. Be it Maths, foreign languages, natural sciences or whatnot, critical thinking is the most important asset anyone should have. It wouldn't matter how much you have read or know about any given area of expertise if yo...
<|im_start|>user How did Newton know there was a distinction between weight and mass?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Early physicists already realized that mass plays two roles: as the source of inertia, or the resistance to acceleration, and as the property that the gravitational force acts on. These properties are ...
<|im_start|>user What "classic/basic" Philosophy books (such as Republic) should I read before moving to less known stuff that I am attracted to? I know that a lot of philosophy might mention things that I will not fully understand if I have not read an important book, such as Republic. I might want to read a Lithuania...
<|im_start|>user How does evolution for non-breeding individuals in colony insects (bees, ants) work? How can evolution select for drone bees or honeypot ants if they don’t breed and pass on genes?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The genetics of the non-breeding members of the colony are determined by the genetics of t...
<|im_start|>user From the point of view of evolution, is there a particular advantage or disadvantage to having one eye color over the other? We have evolved to have skin colors based on the environment that our ancestors lived in, for example, greater sun exposure in the tropical latitudes meant it was advantageous to...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What are birth marks and why do we get them? Edit: Thanks for all the replies guys loved reading them all!<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant **What are birthmarks?** There are different types. Some are a bunch of blood vessels and capillaries close to the surface of the skin. These are not permane...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does sleeping for a long time make you feel tired and groggy?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Your body has a natural cycle referred to as circadian rhythm. If you do anything to throw it off, you can feel out of it. This includes sleeping longer than normal, and stuff like traveling time zon...
<|im_start|>user ELI5...If aliens put a satellite into earth orbit to observe us, would we even notice with all the other satellites up there? Topic.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Yes. Astronomers carefully track all sattelites - as do some world governments. Even space junk is tracked. Astronomers need to know whe...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Charity in its truest form does not bare your name. I feel that if you are helping anyone out with 100% sincerity, it will not matter to you if people know that you are behind the charity, no matter how big or small the contribution. I see large charities bearing the name of the person behind it ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do some plants have defense mechanisms like poison ivy and gympie gympie (called the suicide plant because it's so painful) and others don't?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Plants develop all manner of elaborate defensive mechanisms to thwart their predators. Some grow tall and encase thems...
<|im_start|>user Would universal basic income basically drive up the price of everything? For instance, where I live rent is expensive and housing supply is limited. If EVERYONE here had an extra $1000 a month, they could afford to pay more. So wouldn’t the market price of rent pretty quickly adjust to the new normal? ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: We need a world-wide moratorium on viral Gain of Function research and to place strict restrictions on DNA synthesis. This CMV is NOT about covid. I will not speculate as to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 except to say that the possibility of it having been leaked from the lab has [not been dismissed](h...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is the difference between computer programming languages and what makes one "more powerful" than another?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Different languages exist either to attack different sorts of problems, or to implement different computer science paradigms. It is not very wise to say a...
<|im_start|>user Where Can A Math-Minded Person Learn Economics I am a math kinda guy (I work with computers) and I would like to have a deep understanding of the economic machine around me (both the theoretical and the practical). Where can I start learning if I don't have any economics background (I mean I know some ...
<|im_start|>user Why don't birds fall of trees when they sleep?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Birds in the order Passeriformes have a specialized method for this. They have flexor tendons in their legs which, when perched, automatically closes their toes which allows them to grasps branches, wires, etc. with no extra...
<|im_start|>user The Mars Perseverance Rover's Parachute has an asymmetrical pattern to it. Why is that? Why was this pattern chosen? Image of Parachute: https://imgur.com/a/QTCfWYe<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The asymmetry in the coloring makes it easier to study the video and assess the parachute's performance. I...
<|im_start|>user My dream job would be to teach, but I'm starting to wonder if it's the path for me.. I really want to be a teacher/professor of some sort, the idea of keen students coming to my class, me trying out new methods of studying by keeping up with technology, making sure everyone passes etc makes me happy. ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do I hear about technological advances (such as shown in r/Futurology for example) But I never see them implemented in society? Much of the new technology is beneficial to the world and the current problems we are facing, and despite the mass potential it proposes, I never see them implemente...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How trees get their rings. I'm sure we all know the saying that for every ring you see in a stump of a tree, each ring is supposed to represent one year of the trees life. I'm sure that statement is debatable... but my question is how are those rings formed? I hope that question makes sense. I'...
<|im_start|>user What is the environmental benefit to purchasing a Nissan Leaf if the grid is charged on is powered by fossil fuels? Suppose my house gets power from an oil powerplant? Any way we could compare this to the Toyota Corolla? What would be the net difference on pollutants to the environment? While the Ni...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: How do we know that dinosaurs were likely reptilian/avian but not likely mammalian?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Species that are closely related to each other will share certain anatomical features in common, which they both inherited from a common ancestor. Other species that are not desce...
<|im_start|>user How does the "I am not a robot" checkbox know I'm not a robot?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The verification is based on many different factors such as- Mouse movements, clicks and keystrokes: Many of the bots work by directly generating a click on a certain position of the screen or requesting a b...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: Why is cancer so harmful to the body? I understand that cancer is uncontrolled reproduction of cells but why is that so harmful? How do extra cells make is so sick?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Tumors not just replicate, they actively siphon off the body’s resources by causing blood vessels to...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:How is information attached to radio waves? How is information attached to radio waves? Such as sound/music or text such as commands for computers?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Information is attached to radio waves by altering (modulating) their physical properties (amplitude and frequency). T...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: why do I have to wait 30 seconds after I unplug my modem to plug it back in? Once it's off, isn't it just...off? When resetting a modem, why does the 30 second time limit matter?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Electronics contain capacitors and will maintain a capacitive charge for some length o...
<|im_start|>user CMV: My choice for not believing in God is equivalent to my SO's commitment to do so. I'm agnostic, secular, whatever you could call it. I have no evidence nor reason to believe a God exists, therefore I act as if there is none until proven otherwise. I believe decisions should be made upon rationality...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do we know that unsolved math problems have an answer? I was watching Good Will Hunting the other night, and this popped into my head. How do people know that unsolved problems have an answer? Furthermore, the professors in the movie seemed to know pretty instantly that the problem had been s...
<|im_start|>user Will my paper be rejected if I don’t test and meet ALL of the assumptions of the regression that I did? I applied multiple regression for economic data and I carried out tests and also met some of the assumptions of the regression method that I used. However, I left out some tests because I didn’t meet...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:How does the witness protection program work? Specifically, how severe does one's experience have to be to be submitted into the program. Is it voluntary? Do you get totally shut out from all friends and family?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant They take the person and their family and find another...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why is the human body not sensitive to radio waves? Why are humans not able to see,feel or hear radio waves? We are sensitive to the rest of the waves in the EM spectrum. If EM waves are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields, why am I not electrocuted by the electric constituent of ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why only somethings work on touch screens, and others don't, fingers but not fabric? This might have been answered in a ELI5 about touchscreens but I didn't really see an explanation about what works and what doesn't.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Most touchscreens work using something called c...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What happens between muscles getting bigger, and muscles that don't bulk but get very strong and dense? What's the difference?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant That's not exactly how it works. But strength is affected by several factors; one of which is muscle mass. So a bigger muscle sill be a st...
<|im_start|>user If white blood cells are constantly dying and being replenished, how do new ones “know” what antibodies to produce? How does that “memory” work? This comes from a friend asking whether the protection from a COVID-19 vaccine would be diluted somehow by a blood transfusion from an unvaccinated person....
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does applying more heat help with inflammation? (Eg heat packs, hot water bottles)<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Inflammation is characterised by 5 signs - redness, swelling, pain, high local temperature and dysfunction. Big part responsible for these is the "pooling" of blood at the inflam...
<|im_start|>user do we know how chameleons "see" Things with two independent eyes? Is it integrated? Side by side?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant To understand the way they "see" things, you can re-frame what you think eyes "do." Eyes take what is in the world and translate it into something the brain can understan...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why has my town installed dual traffic lights at a busy roundabout, I thought the point of a roundabout was to keep traffic flowing and replace traffic lights.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Roundabouts work very well when the traffic on both roads is approximately equal. Vehicles turning off on...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How much time has to pass before discovering and studying an old civilization/settlement/etc is considered Archaeology? For example, studying Egyptian pyramids and ruins is Archaeology, but studying a mid 20th century warzone is not. At what point can we consider the study of an event, Archaeolog...
<|im_start|>user Pauli Exclusion Principle (My head has exploded.) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4f9wcSLs8ZQ Skip to 34:20 and watch for a little bit. Could someone explain this a little bit better? Also, at 35:50 where he picks up the diamond and begins to rub it. How is every electron in the universe communicating...
<|im_start|>user Does corresponding author matter? Trying to settle a debate in the lab. A PhD student recently submitted a paper (lead author), and a postdoc in the lab was surprised that our PI got corresponding author. They felt it undermined the PhD student. Does this really matter? The PhD might not stay in academ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What does Russia have to gain from taking over Crimea? I understand Russia's only warm water port is located there, and about half the population are essentially Russian, but what do Russia and Putin have to truly gain from taking over Crimea? It seems like there's a lot more to lose than gain.<|...
<|im_start|>user If viruses aren't alive, what do scientists mean when they say the coronavirus can live on surfaces for hours?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Scientific papers will typically say “viable” rather than alive. What they mean is that the virus is still capable of infecting cells. Think of a virus as a k...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Manual settings on a DSLR camera I have no idea what any of it does.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are 4 basic settings, if you put everything (camera and lens) into manual mode, assuming no flash: * ISO: How sensitive the sensor will be to light. Low ISO (like 100 or even lower) is no...
<|im_start|>user CMV: If a rule or law is being broken, and no one is negatively affected by it, there should be no attempt to stop it. If I am not negatively affecting someone else, why should I be stopped from doing something? The thing that happened to me that triggered this CMV is as follows: I've been giving my f...
<|im_start|>user CMV: White collar dress codes have no practical purpose other than to separate them from blue collar workers. Blue collar workers wearing protective gear makes sense. You don't need any special suit to make a spreadsheet. Some of the common arguments I've seen to contradict this go along the lines of: ...
<|im_start|>user What is the responsibility of a psychologist when someone shares suicidal thoughts with him? Is it defined by the law, or by the psychologist ethiquette? Mostly in EU, but of course, any answers are welcomed.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Psychologists follow the Code of Ethics (2007). Failing to do ...
<|im_start|>user [Economics] Is 'New Keynesian' economics actually Keynesian? I ask because Post-Keynesian economists claim New Keynesians aren't Keynesian at all.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Modern New Keynesian models derive from multiple sources, some harkening back to Keynes in the 1930s, but most emerging out ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:How can I avoid sounding like a total prick when I tell people they've been fooled by hoaxes etc.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Empathy is the way to go, as/u/cleftscout mentionned, don't be *that guy* who likes to prove people wrong. Don't be antagonistic, don't preach. Empathise, get on the sa...
<|im_start|>user What role does homosexuality have in human evolution Why didn't the genes that lead to homosexual development die off very quickly in the evolutionary development of our species? The fact that people are still born homosexual, despite what I'm guessing to be years of evolutionary push back, leads me...
<|im_start|>user How do PIs choose PhD students? Just curious as to how PIs pick their students? Assuming that all applicants have good academic background and the lab's has more than sufficient funds, what is it that determines one student gets selected over the other? What qualities or red flags do PIs look out for w...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do colourblindness correction sunglasses work? I saw a video on Facebook today of sunglasses that allow colourblind people to see the full colour spectrum. I'm assuming that this is obviously doesn't work with black-white colourblindness, but how would it effect the most popular colourblindne...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 why are people so against automation in factories if it makes things safer and produces more goods? is it just that people are losing jobs? but there are different jobs that open up.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Often there are different jobs, but not the same amount. Picture a factory with 10...
<|im_start|>user Non-economist social scientists - What part of your discipline is not understood well among economists? How might an economist benefit from further study in your discipline?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant sociology could perhaps inform economists relating to the workings of capitalism in general, and ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Horoscopes are useless. I have always been confused as to how people can believe that your future can be predicted and your personality can be dictated by the date of your birth and the constellations in outer space corresponding to it. Horoscopes are like fortune cookies. They choose a handful ...
<|im_start|>user Degree but no opportunity for a PhD position Hi everyone, I graduated earlier this year. At the beginning I wasn't really worrying about my career. i've always known I'd like to stay in academia and continue into a PhD program. Fast forward 6 months: I still haven't found a PhD position (I applied f...
<|im_start|>user Why does Water evaporate at all when not boiling?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The temperature of a substance as we describe it is more or less an average of the energy in all the molecules polled within a region. Particles at the surface of water are actually at equilibrium with the air, with wate...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do video games save the position of many objects? In a game like Fallout 4 or Skyrim, you can rearrange furniture, create stacks of objects, or set off a bomb that scatters debris everywhere. When you save and reload, everything is in the exact spot you left it. How does the game manage to sa...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How come we can see a source of light extremely far away when the source only illuminates the area much closer to it? For example, I'm sitting on my front porch which overlooks the town. Miles away I can see streetlights, signs, etc. How does the source project light to my location, yet doesn't i...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are lakes rich in nitrates? If it’s due to hills, how are the nitrates moved from the hill to the lakes?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Lakes are a natural collection point for water, and anything that the water happens to wash over during its journey. Rain gets into the ground and dissolve...
<|im_start|>user [Skyrim] Why do shopkeepers hate quality enchantments? Why do shopkeepers give you less money for your enchanted goods, the higher your enchantment level is?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Risk and demand versus reward. Sure the adventurer might want to sell the vendor a +9 Ogre Slaying Knife (+9 ver...
<|im_start|>user How are multiple signals passed over wires (phone lines, fiber optics, etc...) without interference? I was thinking about the old days especially when most communication was over the phone lines which I know to be multiple individual strands of wire spanning thousands of miles with various interconnect...
<|im_start|>user What does the pineal gland do? I have been reading some pretty amazing stuff about this small gland in the center of the brain. I have read that it can release serotonin, DMT and some other pretty serious chemicals. I have also read that it can process light, almost like an eye in the center of the bra...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 Why is it bad for young kids to weightlift​? Why do medical professionals advise against intense strength training for little kids?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Muscle development that outpaces normal activities for a child can have detrimental effects on bone growth. It can cause stress in are...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:What makes certain wine unbelievably expensive? So like, why do some wines, made in recent years, sell for over $10,000 but wines made from vineyards just down the road, which experienced near identical weather conditions, sell for less than $50. Is it entirely down to the manufacturing process...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: In the world of video games, how do "engines" (Unreal, Unity, etc.) actually work? I have a friend who works in video game design, and I am very into video games myself, but I have 0 idea how the coding of games actually works. I understand that publishers work with studios who use engines, but h...
<|im_start|>user Allowed electron orbits seem odd and purely a mathematical construction. Are they just theory but reality gives more laxitude to where an electron might be? In A Brief History of Time, Hawkins explains the allowed orbits by saying only integer multiples of an electron's wavelength are allowed, otherwis...
<|im_start|>user With sunglasses on, one of my computer monitors is almost unaffected, only slightly darker, and the other one turns entirely black. What about monitors or sunglasses makes them react differently?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Most monitors have a polarization layer on the screen that helps to greatly...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is the actual difference between different blood groups?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Proteins on the surface of the blood cells. There are loads, but for the "normal" blood groups you think of, there are three different ones that are important: A, B, and one called "rhesus D". If your b...
<|im_start|>user [StarGate] Why does the 7th chevron need to be explicitly entered? As far as I understand, the 7th chevron-the origin-never changes. And even if it does, it's not up to traveler to change it. The variables are only the target coordinations, but the origin is constant. It basically has zero entropy. Why...
<|im_start|>user How to read difficult philosophy books? I'd like to delve deeper into philosophy, but as I read recommended text, I begin to get frustrated by how mentally taxing it is to comprehend. Often times I will get discouraged and stop reading. Given this, what kind of approach should lower level readers take ...
<|im_start|>user Is there a reason for Spinoza to define God as an infinite substance? I've read through the first part of Spinoza's Ethics, where he presents his ontological argument and his ideas about the nature of God, and understood the gust of it. However, I noticed that Spinoza takes that definition of God kind ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why is the 4.0 GPA scale used? It seems like the 4.0 GPA scale isn't exactly reflective of a students academic ability. For example, let's say 90-100 = A+ = 4.0 and 85-89 = A = 3.9. Student A gets 100 in 4 courses and 89 in 1 course, resulting in a GPA of 3.98. Student B gets 90 in 5 courses, and...
<|im_start|>user Could there combinations of elements we have not yet discovered that are harder than diamonds?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are materials harder than diamonds, but most of those are quite specific combinations of elements which are difficult to create or maintain outside a lab. Industrial grad...
<|im_start|>user I am a firefighter with a fluid dynamics question. When splitting a single 4" diameter supply line to two separate supply lines, why would I get more water from splitting to one section of 4" and one section of 3", as opposed to two sections of 4"? So were were practicing filling tankers (trucks that c...
<|im_start|>user CMV:The relative progressiveness and acceptance that most diasporic Judaism supports is the result of historical marginalization, not fundamental differences from other Abrahamic religions. I write this as a Jew, a fairly observant one. I love that Judaism, particularly diaspora Judaism, supports accep...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Police misconduct settlements should be garnished from the offending officer’s salary and pension I argued this once before, I’ll argue it again. In addition to supporting stripping police of liability protections and enabling them to be directly sued for misconduct, I believe any settlement shoul...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are freckles or 'beauty marks' next to eye and on upper lip so common compared to others?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant If you were to sample all people you would probably find that moles occur in equal amounts all over the body. Ones around the eyes and mouth are considered pretty, so peop...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why are major keys in music associated with a "happy" sound and minor keys associated with a "sad" sound in our brains?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A large part of it is cultural reinforcement, major and minor are very rough generalisations of what sounds happy or sad. It's not fully underst...
<|im_start|>user Why is chickenpox more dangerous for adults than for children?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Simply put, the ability of cell-mediated immunity to resist intracellular pathogens decreases with age, so become more susceptible to new viral infection and reactivation of latent infections (like Varicella-...