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<|im_start|>user [General] Why do spaceships have wings?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant 1. Some spaceships are designed so as to also allow for atmospheric operations. Even if it's just takeoff and landing, wings are useful. 2. Aesthetics. Like it or not, these are important. 3. If maneuvering thrusters are on the w...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are the Yen and Euro considered safe havens? Whenever there's panic in the market these days, the Euro and the Yen tend to strengthen and the opinion by the analysts on TV is that it's because of a 'flight to safety'. But with both central banks wanting a weaker currency to stoke inflation, ...
<|im_start|>user How do you test the immune response integrity of a cell without killing destroying it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Immune response is typically a coordinated and regulated response of lots of different cells. You wouldn't be able to see the whole response in just one cell, nor would that be clinica...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: why does diamond conduct heat better than graphite?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Heat in solids is primarily transferred by atoms vibrating the atoms around them. Diamond is significantly closer packed than graphite so an atom vibrating has more of an influence on the atoms around it and there...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why some accents are loved while others are frowned upon? Is some logical reason behind it, which makes the accent likeable.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It can be influenced by your own language and experience, but in general there's two contributing factors. First is our expectation: "Frren...
<|im_start|>user [Neon Genesis Evangelion] The Angels wanted to start Third Impact, Gendo wanted to start third impact, SEELE wanted to start third impact...why are they all fighting to stop each other when they all knowingly fight to accomplish the same thing?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Because the Third Impact c...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do traffic lights cost so much money? From the Washington State DOT: "It costs the taxpayer $250,000 to $500,000 to purchase and install a traffic signal. Electric bills and routine maintenance amount to about $8,000 a year." Thats a ton of money. Or is it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant T...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How and why is Flash Player apparently such a security risk to users? Everything I google and read keeps bringing up that it is full of security risks and holes, but nothing explains why. How does using this thing put my computer or information at risk?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Secure lang...
<|im_start|>user [Chemistry] If Hydrogen bonds to Chlorine, is there any way this can be ionic? I know HCl is covalently bonded but is there the possibility it can be ionically bonded?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Every bond can be described as having some degree of covalent and ionic character. That 1.7 difference...
<|im_start|>user I have come to the conclusion that pursuing a intimate relationship for myself would be selfish and immoral. Please CMV. **EDIT 3:** There are sooo many replies to the original post and to threads. Going back and forth to check context and read original replies a lot of my orangereds are falling throug...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: why do you feel nauseous or sick after staying up too long?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant During sleep, our bodies replenish a lot of key substances which are necessary for the normal function. This is regulated by the 'circadian clock' which is just a fancy word for our bodies' sleep/wake cloc...
<|im_start|>user Will NSF let me use student funds for summer salary during a no cost extension? I won't be able to use all the remaining funds on my CAREER award before it expires in 1.25 years, so I'll need to request a no cost extension. The problem is that most of my remaining funds are for grad student support, bu...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: In U.S. political debate, what does "globalist" or "globalism" mean? This is a term that's been in the news a lot lately, but I'm not sure what it's supposed to mean. Usually it's placed in opposition to "nationalism" and "nationalists," but it seems to be more than just "the opposite of national...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does your eyesight get worse?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Worsened eyesight from aging is caused by the lens in our eye drying as we age and losing the flexibility it needs to help us focus EDIT: To add to this top comment, others have added that in specific fibers that help adjust the l...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do people tend to pace around when talking on the phone?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant When you talk in person to someone, your brain connects elements such as the tone of their voice, their word choice, their expressions and their gestures all together. You essentially get visual feedback ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:The process of turning milk into bones My understanding is that milk (and other dairy) contains calcium which our bones need, but the body can't use it without D3 which it creates by going out in the sun. When you drink milk does the calcium build up in your system waiting for you to get some D3?...
<|im_start|>user CMV: The law code should be no more complex than what can be taught to children. The reason for this comes down to this simple explanation: **You can't play the game if you don't know the rules.** If you try, the rules become "do whatever you want, and don't talk to authorities". By the time you are an...
<|im_start|>user How do some things get absorbed through lung gas exchange (Nicotine) but others don't? (Tar) I'm essentially wondering how lung gas exchange works for substances other than air. Obviously anything besides air is going to be bad for the lungs but how? Does it leave a film like buildup? Is it permanent? ...
<|im_start|>user [Dune] Why are the members house Harkonnen such assholes? Basically the title. I do not remember if an explanation was ever given. Were they just evil for the sake of providing an enemy for the plot, or were they motivated by something where they thought they were doing the right thing?<|im_end|> <|im_...
<|im_start|>user Very very very very basic question. Considering the covid-19 pandemic, why is "Total number of cases in a country (ranked)" a more quoted statistic than "unit number of cases in a country (ranked)"? Is the latter tougher to interpret for the common man or is it more difficult to compute? Or is there so...
<|im_start|>user Why did Germany produce so many philosophers? I haven't delved into philosophy much yet, but from my layman's view it appears as if Germany produce a massively disproportional amount of philosophers. Germany produced Weber, Kant, Hegel, Nitezsche, and Heidegger, and I'm sure quite a few more I don't kn...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do some companies file bankruptcy but keep operating, while others dont? They always say in the news that a company filed for chapter x bankruptcy, but what do they mean?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The act of filing bankruptcy serves many purposes, including protection from debtors. The ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: In Chess, why are Female players rated lower than their Male counterparts for the same rank?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Chess rankings use a system called the Elo rating system. Your rating is a mathematical value that represents how much more likely you're going to beat another player *in t...
<|im_start|>user CMV: I don't really like any of the presidential candidates, so there's no point of me voting in the presidential election. I don't plan on voting in the US presidential elections in November. I've never voted before, but only due to age. As it stands, I don't really like any of the presidential candid...
<|im_start|>user If I ingest a toxic substance, why shouldn't I induce vomiting? Wouldn't having my stomach pumped have the same effect?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant some toxic substances, for example corrosive substances, may have damaging effects as it comes back up through your throat and mouth. for substances li...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What makes us emotionaly numb when we are depressed? And how does it come back?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Emotional numbness is one of the key markers in the first step of diagnosing things like major depression, but also PTSD and depersonalization disorders and they sometimes have differen...
<|im_start|>user Mathematics in computer science Hi guys, I'm currently taking a computer science degree and math major on the side. I was planning to do M.L. but I found out I disliked statistics so I was wondering what other fields of computer science, mathematics is useful in.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Theoret...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: The differences among astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Cosmology is the study of the cosmos itself (e.g. the expansion of space, the Big Bang, relativity), and astrophysics is the study of the objects in the cosmos (e.g. how stars work and galaxies form). Ther...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How don’t we see huge satellite shaped shadows cast on the earth? Wouldn’t satellites be between the sun and the earth meaning that they’d cast a shadow on us?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Two things, - Satellites are very very small compared to celestial objects like the Earth, or even the M...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What does the thalamo-cortical complex do?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A glance at the Wikipedia article suggests to me that you might have better luck finding someone qualified to answer this in like, /r/askscience or something along those lines. Also, obvious homework is obvious.<|im_end|>...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:What really happens when we unfocus our eyes ? Like when you stare at something at everything is just blurry<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Your eye has muscles that adjust the shape of the lens. This changes the focal point, optimally so that the light coming from part of an object converges on ...
<|im_start|>user What is the healthcare system like in countries like America, Canada, Sweeden, Denmark, Austrailia, etc? And how does ObamaCare compare? Living in America, our healthcare system is (from what I've read about) is vastly different from other countries (in the sense where it is strictly a ploy for money)....
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does a call center keep making me repeat the same information every time I get transferred? I call: give phone, name, secret password... transferred, first thing I have to do is give phone, name, secret password... rinse, repeat. Don't that have a computer/system that will save me the frustra...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: If mitochondria are small even through microscopes, how do we know how they work?? How do we "know" how body cells function??<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Much of what we know about cells comes from a) direct observation under electron microscopy and b) knock-out mutations/disease in people an...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is all the hair on my body black, but my beard has a lot of ginger in it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Hair color comes from the pigment melanin, which also plays a role in skin and eye color. Melanin comes in different types, which in hair can produce brown or black color (eumelanin) or v...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does lowering the volume on a device actually work?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Simple version: You turn a knob, and a coil is wound/unwound which increases the resistance of the electrical current by increasing the distance it has to travel through the coil. This resistance drops the po...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: what does a shark “feel” from magnetic fields that allows them to navigate by it. I recently read an article about a shark using the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate great distances across the world’s oceans. I’ve always been curious about this. Does the magnetic field give them a physical ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do manufactures simply add vitamins to products? How are the vitamins produced?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are several ways in which vitamins are made. Some, like Vitamin E, can be extracted from vegetable oils while Vitamin D from fish liver oil. Vitamin C is produced in the lab a...
<|im_start|>user CMV: 3rd wave feminists should just abandon the name and join the egalitarians. Third wave feminism is just too open and all-inclusive a movement and therefore so different from Second wave feminism that it's basically egalitarianism by another name. So just switch to egalitarianism and be honest about...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 | Why do most people have middle name, where did it originate from, and what are their purposes?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Middle names typically originate in the upper classes of societies, and are useful for demonstrating ancestry, fealty or devotion. It can also be a superstitious thing. ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What does an investment banker do? I am not in any way trying to make points about Wall Street, I'm just interested in what investment banking is and how things actually work.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant If you want to sell your house, you may decide to hire a mortgage broker to help you figu...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: why are dog breeds so drastically different between themselves (size, body shape, etc) while cats look basically the same in size and shape between breeds? I'm not saying a sphynx cat looks the same as a maine coon but you can clearly see they're the same species, but it's not the same case with ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Cinderella (1950) is far more progressive than people give it credit for This is actually my topic for my college essay so I’d really appreciate some feedback on this! I watched the original Cinderella in full for the first time yesterday (scene where the sisters ripped off Cinderella’s dress sca...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: How does hormonal acne work? What hormones are involved? How does that affect your skin?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Some changes in hormone levels, caused by stress, or natural changes in your body, can increase the amount of oil (sebum) your skin produces. This oil exits through tiny holes ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: No one "deserves" respect based upon a position of authority or power So I just finished listening to my art teacher childishly scream at our class that he deserves to be respected. When class started, my teacher scolded one kid (who is a troublemaker) for sitting on a desk; he didn't seem too ups...
<|im_start|>user [Star Wars] If Grand Admiral Thrawn were to scrutinize Earth's arts… what would happen? If Grand Admiral Thrawn were to scrutinize Earth's arts… what would he find about us? Given "similar" technology, how would he exploits the flaws and how easy would he be able to invade and conquer Earth?<|im_end|>...
<|im_start|>user What causes all living things to die of old age? What exactly causes any living thing to cease living simply from old age? Why can't cells perpetually replace themselves and continue to grow and live?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Once the germline is established an organism begins to die, due to the...
<|im_start|>user [General Fantasy] Why is every cure from a plant that is found only in one place and that place is always a dangerous hard to get place surrounded by monsters? Why isn't it ever in a field of butterflies and bunnies?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There's tons of common accessible plants that cure lot...
<|im_start|>user Interview at R1 university but research credentials are not extravagant Background: I am currently tenure track at a teaching university with ungodly course / service loads. My goal is to do research and I have gotten an interview at a nearby university, which is highly focused on research. However,...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: why are submarines cigar shaped but jets pointy? Both water and air are fluids but jets and missiles are pointy whereas submarines and torpedoes are cigar shaped. Why is that? Edit: Grammar Edit2: why is pointy better for supersonic? Why is round better for subsonic?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assis...
<|im_start|>user How do animals get their "hard wired" instincts in the first place?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Science teacher here: This is best explained by evolutionary theory. Hard wired behavioral instincts are those most likely to be selected on by natural selection. If a behavior is innate, meaning it is n...
<|im_start|>user I want to teach at a liberal arts college. How much does prestige of grad school matter? I'm getting my PhD in chemistry, and I hope to become a professor at a liberal arts college. I have been accepted to three schools. One is top tier, one is mid tier, and one is bottom tier. (All three are RU/VH.) I...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Over 800,000 people go missing in the US every year, the vast majority people under the age of 18. Discounting the runaways, resolved cases, and other causes, how many of these missing can be attributed to psychopaths and sexual slavery?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Your question is flawed and...
<|im_start|>user Is evolution limited to "random mutations" or can other paths also be deemed evolution? For example, can the results of work being done in DNA manipulation be considered evolution? Whether now or in the future, as the area progresses? If down the road we are creating "super humans" as one might call it...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: 4-kilobyte animation [Example](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YZufDSD3IE) How can something like that be made with so little data?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Mathmatics. Calculate the stuff rather than having large blobs of data to be manipulated. We're very spoiled today with the amount ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: The basic differences between the Incas, Mayas, and Aztecs. If you wouldn't mind sacrificing some of your time, I'd appreciate it.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as w...
<|im_start|>user Is all research experience good experience or should you not work in areas that you may not be fully interested in anymore? So I got an offer for a research assistantship at my undergrad institution for some work in an area that would be my second-third choice if I were choosing it for grad schools. I'...
<|im_start|>user What are the criteria for having a species declared extinct? How are scientists so sure that there is not one single animal of a species left?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Basically you have to have a bunch of different teams gathering data over quite a few years on last known sightings and animals ...
<|im_start|>user How is data encoded on light? After reading a [BBC article](http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13469924) on how scientists had achieved a transfer speed of 26 terabits per second by encoding data on different colors light in a laser, I'm really curious: how do you encode data on light?<|im_...
<|im_start|>user [Firefly] Why were Alliance ships shaped like 5-towered mini cities? http://firefly.wikia.com/wiki/Tohoku_Class<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Part of the design was dictated by technical requirements, such as wanting at least a certain amount of surface area for the volume of the ship (for heat dissi...
<|im_start|>user Addressing Professors In Canada or US, does Professor John Smith mind being addressed as Hi John, in an email. How about in person? In what context is it (in)appropriate to use Hi Prof Smith vs Hi John? How about pre-interview, during and after getting hired and working in the same lab?<|im_end|> <|im...
<|im_start|>user With a heavy vehicle trying to stop on snow, what is the relationship between the higher mass increasing traction on the snow, but also increasing the momentum that has to be stopped? I often see pickups loaded with snow for traction, but it seems like extra weight might work against you at a certain p...
<|im_start|>user [My Hero Academia] All Might tells Midoriya he can't be a hero without a Quirk, but some time later the Support Class gets introduced. Even without a Quirk, couldn't Izuku, an expert on heros, try for the Support Class and become an Iron Man -style hero? Did this not cross his mind at all?<|im_end|> <|...
<|im_start|>user [Judge dredd] Are the judges right in their immediate execution of criminals? So we know the judges are basically fascists but you look at the cities and they are all run by violent gangs. So is it acceptable to have the judges be so brutal?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant From a statist and utilitaria...
<|im_start|>user If a stereotype is statistically true is it still a stereotype? I mean in the commonly used sense of the word, I know the exact definition refers more to personal mental stereotypes that people accumulate. I'm referring to the "common knowledge" stereotypes of which there are many. Im not going to inc...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are so many scam call centers located in India?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Because labour is cheap, but equally important, because of the legacy of the British Empire, there is a strong tradition of learning English as a second language. EDIT - worth noting that on occasions where havin...
<|im_start|>user [Star Trek]How centralized is the United Federation of Planets, how much automony do it's members have over themselves?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It really depends on the particular issue when it comes to centralization. Agriculture is very world to world, while regulations regarding orbital traf...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Society would be more productive if prostitution was legal Men are horny creatures that crave a lot of sex from a variety of physically attractive women. Physically attractive women are generally very selective and either off limits or take a lot of time/energy to lay, so there's naturally a huge ...
<|im_start|>user [WH40K/Avatar:TLA/LOK] A rogue trader comes across the planet that TLA/LOK happens on. What happens?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant 1. Explorations are made to see if it's valuable. 2. Rogue Trader doesn't find anything truly valuable (archeotech/STC fragments, major resources, stash of old Imperial...
<|im_start|>user Why does tilt shift make things look like models?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant This is because when viewing things from a very close distance the depth of field (the part of the scene that is in focus) is very narrow. When you use a tilt-shift lens one of the effects you can produce is a very narro...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How is sound stored in a file and reproduced back?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Sound is a waveform and anything that is a waveform can be described by numbers. Think of a simple sine wave. If you walk along the x axis you can measure the wave in terms of numbers - x and y. The number of steps...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why can an alcoholic die from withdrawals if they quit cold turkey?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Alcohol affects various neurotransmitters, the chemicals that your neurons use to communicate with each other. In serious alcoholics, some neurotransmitters are under produced, because the alcohol ...
<|im_start|>user When areas of our body swell due to injury, why is it recommended to suppress it? It's recommend to elevating or apply ice to a swollen area to reduce it, but why do we have to stop an instant bodily reaction? What's the purpose of swelling if we do everything we can do suppress it?<|im_end|> <|im_star...
<|im_start|>user Besides Carbon Dating, what are the other techniques to determine the age of objects ? Organic or inorganic?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are a huge number of dating techniques. To list some of them: *Dendrochronology *Sclerochronology *Varve-chronology *Radiocarbon/Uranium Series/Etc. (ma...
<|im_start|>user Why is self-awareness considered to be a necessary condition for consciousness?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There's a question of etymology here which is interesting to explore. Etienne Balibar in his essay 'Conscience/Consciousness in Spinoza's *Ethics*' notes that in Latin (as well as French) the...
<|im_start|>user [Marvel] Can daredevil safely drive a car at rush hour using his echolocation powers? Even though he is blind his other four basic senses are heightened and his superhearing ability gives him sonar-like powers. So can he drive a car in a big city at rush hour time without getting involved with an acci...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are there so many more homeless men than women?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Women * are more likely to ask for and receive assistance from family and friends * have more charities targeted towards them * are more like to be caring for children, which makes them more eligible for state as...
<|im_start|>user [General] To what degree of relative sentience would eating a sentient organism be considered "wrong"? Let's say you have Organism A, who is a human with 21st century intellect and intelligence at a genius-level. Meanwhile, Organism B is an alien with intellect and intelligence so beyond comprehension ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do we use XLR input for microphones instead of a 6.3mm jack like we do with guitars?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant XLR (which, technically is only a connector standard) provides a *balanced* signal path. Balanced lines allow better signal quality because they are less susceptible to inter...
<|im_start|>user What is the biggest thing separating humanity from animals? If there even is a deference, maybe do you think we are the same as them?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Thomas Suddendorf has written an interesting book ("The gap") about what sets humans apart from other animals. He distinguishes six d...
<|im_start|>user What’s the difference between industrial and competitive programming? I know that in school (both high school and college), students are taught competitive/algorithmical programming. However, I’ve heard that what we do in school is rather different from industrial or real programming. I don’t quite u...
<|im_start|>user [Star Trek] What's the reaction of your average Ferengi when told about Humanity's capitalistic past? To put it another way, is it well-known among the Ferengi? And among those who do know of it, how do they feel about the fact that Humanity-at-large abandoned the pursuit of profit?<|im_end|> <|im_star...
<|im_start|>user [Star Wars] I'm a pretty big Star Wars fan, and have read fairly extensively into EU, but something still eludes me: How, other than aesthetics, has technology changed since the Old Republic era? It just seems like ships go from sleek and sexy, to bulky and square, then back to sexy again, but what cha...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: If sharks are predators, why are it’s eyes on the sides of the head? I read in school that prey have eyes on the sides of the head (sheep, cows, etc) to spot predators coming whereas predators have eyes on the front. Is this rule not applicable to marine biology?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant L...
<|im_start|>user How do companies put such specific expiration dates on products that sometimes go years into the future?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Expiration dates are almost always estimates that are added starting from date of production. A lot of foods can last longer than expiration dates and some things can...
<|im_start|>user Due to the financial crisis of the late 2000s, there has been a lot of fundamental criticism of conventional economic and financial theories. What should a financial industry student study in order to prevent a repeat of these mistakes? Ever since the recent global financial crisis , there has been a l...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Athletes seemingly get better every decade as we learn more about nutrition. Does this mean we truly don't know the capabilities/limitations of the human body?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There's so much more to learn about the human body. No question. Just consider the amount of conflicti...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Most people's beliefs are based on what they feel and what the people around them have told them. Most people dont have a moral system under which they have thought about the foundational elements that make that system to substantiate their beliefs. Most people's political beliefs as well as other...
<|im_start|>user Are other physical properties subject to the uncertainty principle, like position and momentum are?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There is a generalized uncertainty relation for any two observables. And any two observables whose operators don’t commute have some nonzero minimum for the product of the...
<|im_start|>user CMV: an argument's validity should not be influenced by the speaker I've seen this happen for a while now but it has increased in frequency a lot lately and I just can't wrap my head around it A few months ago I was talking to a friend of a friend when she brought up her interest and a book she was re...
<|im_start|>user How can you tell if research is being 'stolen'? I'm not in academia so please bear with me if I'm not using correct terminology. My gf is is incredibly smart and hard-working. She's been working towards her PhD in political science from a top ten progrsm, and is ABD. She recently went into the field w...
<|im_start|>user CMV: I am scared of my own mortality. Hi basically I am terrified every day by the notion that my life is passing me by. I am only 22 years old which I realize is young but I can't accept the fact that I will die of old age one day. Even worse, I will probably deteriorate in health then die. The way I ...
<|im_start|>user [The Martian] How did The Watney Incident effect future space exploration? We know that Mark Watney's ordeal on Mars was one of the most watched and studied episode of human space exploration. We also know that it led to some unexpected cooperation between several of the world's space agencies in both ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What performance difference can we see between an athlete that warms up and one that doesnt before a race? I would like to know specifically about cyclists<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In short, warming up brings the body from its natural state of rest closer to its exercising state during tra...
<|im_start|>user [Wall-E] How was the Axiom self-sustaining? What was originally intended to be a voyage lasting a few years at the most, turned into one lasting 700 years. For the entire time the Axiom has continued to provide for the entire human population aboard. They're kept (very well) fed, they're provided a hov...
<|im_start|>user [Marvel] Would an Autonomous Iron Man Suit be Able to Wield Mjølnir? If Tony Stark directed a suit to move Mjølnir or give it to Thor, or if an autonomous iron man suit were to identify MjOlnir as the most suitable weapon in a situation, would the autonomous suit be able to move the hammer because it h...
<|im_start|>user What are some of the best essays arguing for/against the concept of self-ownership? Title says it all: I'm hoping to write an essay discussing this topic and am looking for all the material I can find. Thank you!<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant G. A. Cohen, *Self-Ownership, Freedom, and Equality,* Camb...
<|im_start|>user [Robot Fiction] Hi, I'm a designer for your local robocorp, and I was hoping I could get some input for Warbot designs Y'see, popular culture has infested a lot of my colleagues' creative processes. Lots of skeletal Terminator looking robots, which never made much sense to me. I mean, the human anato...
<|im_start|>user [DC] what are the limitations of the Lazarus pit? How long could someone be dead for, before the pit wouldn't work? Are any wounds or diseases incurable? If you threw in a hand would a whole body regrow?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The body must be more or less in tact, lets say ballpark, you nee...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is chemo more effective against aggressive cancers? I’ve been told this by a couple of doctors but didn’t think of asking why at the time. Why is chemo more effective against aggressive cancers than slow-growing cancers?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Many traditional chemotherapy drugs work...