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9445386 | Selectivity of post-translational modification in biotinylated proteins: the carboxy carrier protein of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase of Escherichia coli. | Biotin-dependent enzymes contain a biotinyl-lysine residue in a conserved sequence motif, MKM, located in a surface hairpin turn in one of the two beta-sheets that make up the domain. A sub-gene encoding the 82-residue C-terminal biotinyl domain from the biotin carboxy carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from Esc... |
9443977 | Solution structure of a highly stable DNA duplex conjugated to a minor groove binder. | The tripeptide 1,2-dihydro-(3 H )-pyrrolo[3,2- e ]indole-7-carboxylate (CDPI3) binds to the minor groove of DNA with high affinity. When this minor groove binder is conjugated to the 5'-end of short oligonucleotides the conjugates form unusually stable hybrids with complementary DNA and thus may have useful diagnostic ... |
9443972 | Identification of the DNA sequence that interacts with the gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor. | The gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor (GKLF) is a recently identified eukaryotic transcription factor that contains three C2H2zinc fingers. The amino acid sequence of the zinc finger portion of GKLF is closely related to several Krüppel proteins, including the lung Krüppel-like factor (LKLF), the erythroid Krüppel-like ... |
9445066 | Functional analysis of ground squirrel hepatitis virus enhancer II. | We have characterized a major regulatory element of ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) located within a 90-nucleotide fragment of the core promoter upstream sequences and have compared its organization to that of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) enhancer II (We2). The GSHV element (Ge2) stimulates transcription from... |
9444997 | The pokeweed antiviral protein specifically inhibits Ty1-directed +1 ribosomal frameshifting and retrotransposition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Programmed ribosomal frameshifting is a molecular mechanism that is used by many RNA viruses to produce Gag-Pol fusion proteins. The efficiency of these frameshift events determines the ratio of viral Gag to Gag-Pol proteins available for viral particle morphogenesis, and changes in ribosomal frameshift efficiencies ca... |
9444981 | Characterization of the DNA-binding domain of the avian Y-box protein, chkYB-2, and mutational analysis of its single-strand binding motif in the Rous sarcoma virus enhancer. | chkYB-2 is a sequence-specific, single-stranded DNA binding chicken Y-box protein that promotes Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (RSV LTR)-driven transcription in avian fibroblasts. The DNA-binding domain of chkYB-2 has been mapped by characterizing the DNA binding properties of purified recombinant chkYB-2 muta... |
9427688 | Dictyostelium gamma-tubulin: molecular characterization and ultrastructural localization. | The centrosome of Dictyostelium discoideum is a nucleus-associated body consisting of an electron-dense, three-layered core surrounded by an amorphous matrix, the corona. To elucidate the molecular and supramolecular architecture of this unique microtubule-organizing center, we have isolated and sequenced the gene enco... |
11367641 | [Experimental study on mechanism of xiukeyin in anti-bacterial translocation from gut]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To provide a TCM therapeutic base for treatment of critical multiple organ failure (MOF) patients clinically, the mechanism of Xiukeyin (XKY, Shock Beverage) in anti-bacterial translocation from gut in rats was studied.<h4>Methods</h4>Based on the pathophysiology of MOF following severe injury, such a... |
9679272 | The application of selective ROE experiments to study solution structures of cyclomaltooligosacharide derivatives and complexes. | Selective one-dimensional ROE experiments were applied to study the host-guest interactions of cyclomaltohexaose with p-nitrophenol and the solution structure of 3A-(4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzyl)-cyclomaltoheptaose. The line selective excitation of the aromatic signals of p-nitrophenol gave intense ROE enhancements on t... |
9675373 | Enzymatic preparation of radiolabeled linear maltodextrins and cyclodextrins of high specific activity from [14C] maltose using amylomaltase, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and cyclodextrinase. | Radiolabeled linear and cyclic maltodextrins of high specific radioactivity were prepared using enzymes involved in maltodextrin metabolism. 14C-Labeled maltose was the starting material yielding products of identical specific radioactivity with respect to glucosyl residues. The enzymatic steps involved: i) Formation o... |
9675363 | Crystal structure of alpha-cyclodextrin-acetonitrile-hexahydrate. | Crystals of the ternary alpha-cyclodextrin-acetonitrile hexahydrate inclusion complex belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 9.479(2), b = 14.323(4), c = 37.397(9) A. Refinement against 4202 X-ray diffraction data converged at R=0.059. The alpha-cyclodextrin macrocycle forms a regu... |
9658564 | New enzymatic synthesis of 6(3)-modified maltooligosaccharides and their inhibitory activities for human alpha-amylases. | Ten new 6(3)-modified maltopentaoses and tetraoses were synthesized by enzymatic reactions utilizing cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) and subsequent human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) (EC 3.2.1.1). Among these compounds, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)- alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-(6-deoxy-alpha-D-gluco... |
9587670 | Towards structural models of molecular recognition in olfactory receptors. | The G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are an important class of proteins that act as signal transducers through the cytoplasmic membrane. Understanding the structure and activation mechanism of these proteins is crucial for understanding many different aspects of cellular signalling. The olfactory receptors correspond... |
9579159 | Gastric tonometry in septic shock. | <h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate the prognostic value of intramucosal pH (pHi) and the relation among pHi, arterial pH, base excess, and lactate in children with septic shock.<h4>Design</h4>Children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit with a diagnosis of septic shock were prospectively enrolled. A gastroint... |
9571798 | Development of ELISA and enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay (ELIFA) methods for monitoring cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) production and bacterial growth in Bacillus macerans batch cultures. | Immunochemical methods were developed for monitoring cyclodextrin (CD) glycosyltransferase (CGTase) production and growth of an industrial CD-producing Bacillus macerans strain. Extracellular concentrations of CGTase released into a non-transparent culture medium during a 44 h long fermentation were detected by an indi... |
9572567 | Fatty acid acylation of dopamine in the carotid body. | In this article, we put forward a hypothesis concerning the assembling and storage of dopamine molecules in the dense-core vesicles of the carotid body chemoreceptor cell. We posit that dopamine molecules are packed and sustained in the vesicular form due to the formation of N-acyldopamine, a condensation product of fa... |
9553478 | [Clinical effects of supplemental enteral nutrition solution in severe polytrauma]. | Previous studies in critically ill patients have shown the beneficial effects of early enteral nutrition supplemented with arginine, omega-3 fatty acids and nucleotides (Impact) on immunological response, infection rate and length of stay in hospital. No specific data exist for patients with severe multiple injury, who... |
9548291 | Methods for determination of electrophoretic mobility and stability of complexes originating in solutions during the chiral discrimination process. | An equation for the calculation of electrophoretic mobility of kinetically labile complexes originating in solutions during the chiral discrimination process is derived. The mobility of the complex is calculated from that of a fully ionized racemic compound, measured in absence of the chiral selector, and from the effe... |
9542728 | Axonal transports of Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-MCA hydrolysing enzyme in rat sciatic nerves. | Study on neural axon transport is a very useful method to find a neuron-specific protease. In the present study, the enzyme activity (release of 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin from t-butyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-L-arginyl-L-arginine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide) was measured in the proximal, middle, and distal segments between 12 an... |
9542120 | High-performance liquid chromatography methods for the separation and quantitation of spironolactone and its degradation products in aqueous formulations and of its metabolites in rat serum. | HPLC assays have been developed for the determination of spironolactone and its degradation products 7 alpha-thiospirolactone and canrenone in aqueous solutions of beta-cyclodextrins and for the determination of spironolactone and its metabolites 7 alpha-thiospirolactone, 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, 6 beta-hydroxy-... |
9543017 | The X1X2Y sex chromosome system in the fish Hoplias malabaricus. II. Meiotic analyses. | The neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus shows diversified cytotypes and may represent a group of distinct species. One of these cytotypes is characterized by 2n = 40 and 2n = 39 chromosomes in females and males, respectively, with a multiple sex chromosome system of the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y type. The Y, representing a large... |
9543016 | Nucleotide specificity at the boundary and size requirement of the target sites recognized by human centromere protein B (CENP-B) in vitro. | Human centromere protein B (CENP-B) has a sequence-specific DNA binding activity. We previously reported several CENP-B binding motifs by analysing synthetic oligonucleotides as well as alphoid DNA isolated from the human genomic library. Here, we examined the size requirement and nucleotide specificity of human CENP-B... |
9543015 | Relevance of kinetochore size and microtubule-binding capacity for stable chromosome attachment during mitosis in PtK1 cells. | Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle via their kinetochores. The average number of spindle microtubules binding to each kinetochore varies with species, the stage of mitosis, and the length of time that the kinetochore has been attached to the spindle. In this report, we investigate how kinetochore microtubule num... |
9543014 | Chromosome stability is maintained by short intercentromeric distance in functionally dicentric human Robertsonian translocations. | While the formation of a dicentric chromosome often leads to chromosome instability, human dicentric Robertsonian translocations usually remain stable. To investigate the basis for this stability, we have examined the centromeres of 15 structurally dicentric rob(13q14q) Robertsonian translocations using immunofluoresce... |
9543013 | Germ cell restriction and regular transmission of an accessory chromosome that mimics a sex body in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. | Mitotic and meiotic analysis with light and electron microscopy was performed in male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Somatic cells from bone marrow have a 2n = 80 and show the usual sex chromosome mechanism of birds ZZ (male)/ZW (female). In the germ lines of both sexes, a single accessory chromosome w... |
9543012 | Chromosomal localization and distribution of simple sequence repeats and the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence in the genome of Cicer arietinum L. | We used fluorescence in situ hybridization to probe the physical organization of five simple sequence repeat motifs and the Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeat in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Hybridization signals were observed with the whole set of probes and on all chrom... |
9543011 | Molecular cloning of metaphase chromosome protein 1 (MCP1), a novel human autoantigen that associates with condensed chromosomes during mitosis. | Systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibodies were used to identify and to characterize new human chromosome-associated proteins. Previous immunolocalization studies in human and murine tissue culture cells showed that some of these monoclonal antibodies recognize nuclear antigens that associate with condensed chromosome... |
9543010 | Analysis of constitutive heterochromatin of Aotus (Cebidae, Primates) by restriction enzyme and fluorochrome bands. | The current classification of genus Aotus includes nine species, four of which occur above the Amazon River and five below it. The position of several of these taxa as a valid species has been questioned. Recently, we described the chromosomal constitution of a population in the state of Rondonia, Brazil, whose karyoty... |
9540213 | Cyclodextrin aided separation of peptides and proteins by capillary zone electrophoresis. | Carboxymethylated-beta-cyclodextrin (CMBCD) in the electrophoretic medium (aqueous 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 2.5) enhanced the separation using raw fused-silica capillaries in CZE of the four standard proteins: alpha-chymotrypsinogen A, cytochrome c, lysozyme and ribonuclease A. Furthermore, with 20 mM CMBCD in the el... |
9540203 | A thermodynamic study of the binding of linear and cyclic oligosaccharides to the maltodextrin-binding protein of Escherichia coli. | Isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) studies over a range of temperatures of the binding of maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose and beta-cyclodextrin to the maltodextrin-binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli are reported. The binding constants of maltose, maltotriose and beta-cyclodextrin are not very different,... |
9539964 | Structural studies of a phosphatidyl serine-amorphous calcium phosphate complex. | A phosphatidyl serine-amorphous calcium phosphate complex has been synthesized as a model of the matrix vesicle system that is associated with the induction of mineral deposition in bone, cartilage and dentine. The complex has been studied using a novel technique of subtractive extended X-ray absorption fine structure ... |
9539959 | In vitro antiviral activity on dengue virus of marine natural products. | Metabolites isolated from marine invertebrates, callipeltin A, crambescidin, ptilomycalin A, celeromycalin, gymnochrome B, gymnochrome D and isogymnochrome D previously shown bioactive on either herpes simplex virus 1 or human immunodeficiency virus, were tested on a new in vitro bioassay using the dengue virus 1. Only... |
9539029 | The use of biochemical and molecular parameters to estimate dose-response relationships at low levels of exposure. | Biomarkers based on alterations in molecular and biochemical parameters may be useful in chemical risk assessment for establishing the presence of an exposure, ranking relative risks among exposed individuals, and estimating risks at low levels of exposure. Because it is unlikely that the relation between toxic respons... |
9539004 | Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis. | This report is an overview of the current state of the science relative to environmental endocrine disruption in humans, laboratory testing, and wildlife species. Background information is presented on the field of endocrinology, the nature of hormones, and potential sites for endocrine disruption, with specific exampl... |
9532603 | Evaluation of the hydrophobic drug loading characteristics in nanoprecipitated amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanospheres. | The aim of this work was to evaluate the loading capacity and the association characteristics of the hydrophobic drug progesterone on amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanospheres prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. The colloidal suspensions were prepared in the presence or absence of two different surfactants, Pluronic F... |
9532599 | Thermodynamics of propylparaben/beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. | The aim of this study was to develop models for rigorous analysis of phase solubility diagrams, particularly the descending portion, in order to obtain individual thermodynamic complex formation and solubility product constants. Additionally, the effect of varying the initial solute concentration St, in excess of the o... |
9533688 | Conservation of the conformation of the porphyrin macrocycle in hemoproteins. | The out-of-plane distortions of porphyrins in hemoproteins are characterized by displacements along the lowest-frequency out-of-plane normal coordinates of the D4h-symmetric macrocycle. X-ray crystal structures are analyzed using a computational procedure developed for determining these orthogonal displacements. The x-... |
9533686 | Binding of basic peptides to membranes produces lateral domains enriched in the acidic lipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: an electrostatic model and experimental results. | Direct fluorescence digital imaging microscopy observations demonstrate that a basic peptide corresponding to the effector region of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) self-assembles into membrane domains enriched in the acidic phospholipids phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-b... |
9533684 | The coupling of electron transfer and proton translocation: electrostatic calculations on Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c oxidase. | We have calculated the electrostatic potential and interaction energies of ionizable groups and analyzed the response of the protein environment to redox changes in Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c oxidase by using a continuum dielectric model and finite difference technique. Subsequent Monte Carlo sampling of pro... |
9530643 | Influence of arginine, omega-3 fatty acids and nucleotide-supplemented enteral support on systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure in patients after severe trauma. | This study investigated the influence of an enteral diet supplemented with arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, and nucleotides (Impact, Sandoz Nutrition, Berne, Switzerland) on the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ failure (MOF) in patients after severe trauma. Thirty-two patient... |
9530974 | Sweet and sweetness-inducing activities of new triterpene glycosides, strogins. | In a previous study we isolated homologues of new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides from leaves of Staurogyne merguensis Kuntze and named them strogins. Strogins themselves have a sweet taste (sweet activity), which diminishes in a few minutes. Subsequent application of cold water to the mouth then elicits a sweet ta... |
9528666 | Small angle neutron scattering analysis of thermal stability of 23S rRNA and the intact 50S subunits of Sulfolobus solfataricus. | The ribosomes of the extremely thermophilic archaebacterium, Sulfolobus solfataricus, are very resistant to thermal denaturation (optimal growth temperature 87 degrees C), remaining essentially intact up to above 90 degrees C. However, the separate ribosomal components (rRNA and r-proteins) are less thermally stable th... |
9518671 | Effects of gender and estradiol treatment on focal brain ischemia. | The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of gender and estrogen treatment on focal cerebral ischemia in male and female rats. Focal ischemia was created by inserting a 3-0 surgical suture through the left cervical internal carotid artery to obstruct the blood flow into the middle cerebral artery (... |
29345815 | In search of cellular control: Signal transduction in context. | The field of molecular cell biology has experienced enormous advances over the last century by reducing the complexity of living cells into simpler molecular components and binding interactions that are amenable to rigorous biochemical analysis. However, as our tools become more powerful, there is a tendency to define ... |
29345810 | Communication between the cell membrane and the nucleus: Role of protein compartmentalization. | Understanding how the information is conveyed from outside to inside the cell is a critical challenge for all biologists involved in signal transduction. The flow of information initiated by cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts is mediated by the formation of adhesion complexes involving multiple proteins. ... |
27396998 | Three Different Types of α-Amylases from Aspergillus awamori KT-11: Their Purifications, Properties, and Specificities. | Three forms of α-amylases, designated Amyl I, Amyl II, and Amyl III were purified to a homogenous state by several column chromatographies from a koji culture in wheat bran of a strain of black mold, which was isolated in Indonesia and identified as Aspergillus awamori. They have molecular weights of 49,000, 63,000, an... |
27393588 | Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Cycldextrin with Ethanol under Anhydrous Conditions. | Complex formation of poorly water soluble organic compounds with cyclodextrin (CD) is quite difficult in an aqueous cyclodextrin system. Formation of the inclusion complex of d-limonene, phenyl ethanol, acetophenone, or menthol was investigated in a slurry form of α-, β-, or γ-CD in organic solvents or alcohol under an... |
27315926 | The Increased Effect of Kneading on the Formation of Inclusion Complexes between d-Limonene and β-Cyclodextrin at Low Water Content. | The molecular inclusion powder of d-limonene in β-cyclodextrin was prepared by using a twin-screw kneader at a low water content. The influence of water and alcohol content on the formation of the inclusion complex was studied in comparison with the inclusion complex obtained by the micro-aqueous method. The inclusion ... |
25125795 | Human Growth Hormone Adsorption Kinetics and Conformation on Self-Assembled Monolayers. | The adsorption process of the recombinant human growth hormone on organic films, created by self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane, arachidic acid, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, is investigated and compared to adsorption on silica and methylated silica substrates. Information on the adsorption process of human... |
19570005 | Formation of supramolecular structures by negatively charged liposomes in the presence of nucleic acids and divalent cations. | Cationic liposomes are being increasingly studied as delivery vehicles for bioactive agents such as DNA and other polynucleotides. The mechanism of interaction of DNA with liposomes and the organization of these interacting structures during and after the interaction are still poorly understood. Nucleic acids are known... |
18575996 | Production and purification of CGTase of alkalophylic Bacillus isolated from Brazilian soil. | Alkalophylic bacilli that produce cyclodextringlycosyltransferase (CGTase) were isolated from Brazilian soil, with a scheme of two plating steps. In the first step, the bacterial isolate forms a halo in the cultivation medium that contains gamma-cyclodextrin (CD) complexing dyes. The CGTase of an isolate was purified 1... |
18475861 | Preparation and Anti-Tumour Activity of Some Arylbismuth(III) Oxine Complexes. | New arylbismuth(lll) oxinates, PhBi(MeOx)(2), (p-MeC(6)H(4))Bi(Ox)(2), (p-MeC(6)H(4))Bi(MeOx)(2), (p-ClC(6)H(4))Bi(Ox)(2), and (p-ClC(6)H(4))Bi(MeOx)(2) (Ox(-) = quinolin-8-olate and MeOx(-)=2-methylquinolin-8-olate) have been prepared by reaction of the appropriate diarylbismuth chlorides with Na(Ox) or Na(MeOx) in th... |
18475847 | DNA binding of some chiral metallointercalators derived from 9,10-phenanthrenediamine. | A study of the interaction with calf thymus DNA is described of a novel set of chiral ternary complex cations of general form [Ru(N(4)-tet)(phdi)](2+) (where N(4)-tet is the chiral linear tetradentate R(*)R(*)-picchxn or R(*)-picchxnMe(2)). Individual equilibrium binding constants (K(B)) have been determined from spect... |
18475843 | Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Antitumour Activity of Di-n-Butyl, Tri-n-Butyl and Triphenyltin 3,6-Dioxaheptanoates and 3,6,9-Trioxadecanoates. | A series of di- and triorganotin 3,6-dioxaheptanoates and 3,6,9-trioxadecanoates were synthesized and characterized by (1)H, (13) and (117)Sn NMR, electrospray mass and (119m)Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. Their in vitro antitumour activity against seven tumoural cell lines of human origin, t... |
16256708 | Enhancing effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on cutaneous penetration and activation of ethyl 4-biphenylyl acetate in hairless mouse skin. | The effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) on the cutaneous penetration and activation of ethyl 4-biphenylyl acetate (EBA), a prodrug of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 4-biphenylylacetic acid (BPAA), from hydrophilic ointment was investigated, using hairless mouse skin in vitro. When the hydrophi... |
11056705 | Impact of nosocomial pneumonia on the outcome of mechanically-ventilated patients. | : BACKGROUND: Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is a common complication in mechanically-ventilated patients and is considered to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. However, assessment of the associated mortality is not staightforward as it shares several risk factors with NP that confound the relatio... |
11670254 | Heterotrinuclear Oxo-Bridged Fe(III)ORu(IV)OFe(III) Complexes of Ruthenium Porphyrin and Borylated Low-Spin Iron Dioximes(1). | The synthesis, structure, spectra, and reactivity of diamagnetic linear chain heterotrinuclear oxo-bridged complexes L-Fe(III) N(4)-O-Ru(IV)(TPP')-O-Fe(III)N(4)-L are described where TPP' is tetrakis(4-methoxyphenylporphyrinate), N(4) is one of the borylated bis(dioximate) macrocycles, N(4) = ((DMG)BF(2))(2) in 1, ((DM... |
15605593 | Improvement of dissolution properties of furosemide by complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. | The purpose of this study was to increase the solubility of furosemide (FR) with inclusion compound of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). The interaction between FR and beta-CD in solution was studied by the solubility method. The phase solubility studies reveal a Bs-type diagram with an inclusion complex of 1:1 molar ratio ... |
9537794 | Ophthalmic drug delivery systems--recent advances. | Eye-drops are the conventional dosage forms that account for 90% of currently accessible ophthalmic formulations. Despite the excellent acceptance by patients, one of the major problems encountered is rapid precorneal drug loss. To improve ocular drug bioavailability, there is a significant effort directed towards new ... |
9513189 | Receptors for advanced glycosylation endproducts in human brain: role in brain homeostasis. | <h4>Background</h4>Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the reactive derivatives of nonenzymatic glucose-macromolecule condensation products. Aging human tissues accumulate AGEs in an age-dependent manner and contribute to age-related functional changes in vital organs. We have shown previously that AGE scavenger... |
9514261 | Protein conformer selection by ligand binding observed with crystallography. | A large-scale movement between "closed" and "open" conformations of a protein loop was observed directly with protein crystallography by trapping individual conformers through binding of an exogenous ligand and characterization with solution kinetics. The buried indole ring of Trp191 in cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) wa... |
9514256 | Covalent attachment of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to enzymes: the current state of affairs. | The first identified covalent flavoprotein, a component of mammalian succinate dehydrogenase, was reported 42 years ago. Since that time, more than 20 covalent flavoenzymes have been described, each possessing one of five modes of FAD or FMN linkage to protein. Despite the early identification of covalent flavoproteins... |
9511862 | Capillary electrophoresis analysis of isomeric truxillines and other high molecular weight impurities in illicit cocaine. | The analysis of by-products and impurities in illicit cocaine, including the isomeric truxillines, is important for derivation of both strategic and tactical intelligence. In the present study, various capillary electrophoresis techniques were investigated for this purpose. The use of the anionic beta-cyclodextrin sulf... |
9511861 | Simultaneous chiral separation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphet- amine, 3-4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylam- phetamine, ephedrine, amphetamine and methamphetamine by capillary electrophoresis in uncoated and coated capillaries with native beta-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector: preliminary applica... | The importance of the chiral analysis of amphetamine-related substances in both clandestine preparations and biological samples is widely recognized. For this purpose, capillary electrophoresis was successfully applied by several authors, but only few reports concerned ring-substituted amphetamines, which represent the... |
9510512 | The acetylation patterns of histones H3 and H4 along Vicia faba chromosomes are different. | The acetylation pattern of H3 was studied on field bean chromosomes by means of indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal antibodies recognizing H3 isoforms acetylated at lysine positions 9/18, 14 and 23. H3 was found to be hypoacetylated at lysine residues 9/18 and 14 within the heterochromatic regions composed of ... |
9510511 | Silver staining as a new banding technique to identify aphid chromosomes. | The karyotype of the aphid Aphis sambuci has been studied by means of C-banding, fluorochrome staining and AgNO3 staining. Heterochromatic areas are confined exclusively to the X chromosomes. Interestingly, silver staining produces a clear-cut longitudinal differentiation of all chromosomes, which allows reliable ident... |
9510510 | Fate of dot chromosome genes in Drosophila willistoni and Scaptodrosophila lebanonensis determined by in situ hybridization. | One modification of the primitive karyotype of the Drosophilidae is the absence of dot chromosomes. The origin of this modification is diverse. In some cases, the fate of the dot chromosomes can be directly inferred from cytogenetic analysis but in other cases a genetic or a combined molecular and cytogenetic analysis ... |
9510509 | Comparative mapping of X chromosomes in vole species of the genus Microtus. | Comparative mapping of X-linked genes has progressed rapidly since Ohno's prediction that genes on the X chromosome should be conserved as a syntenic group in all mammals. Although several conserved blocks of homology between human and mouse have been discovered, rearrangements within the X chromosome have also been ch... |
9510508 | A murine TSPY. | Sequences homologous to human and bovine TSPY were isolated from M. musculus testicular cDNA, and a nearly full-length gene was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified from mouse genomic DNA. This gene is apparently non-functional. Contrary to the situation encountered in species along the primate and artiodactyl lin... |
9510507 | Separate and variably shaped chromosome arm domains are disclosed by chromosome arm painting in human cell nuclei. | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with microdissection probes from human chromosomes 3 and 6 was applied to visualize arm and subregional band domains in human amniotic fluid cell nuclei. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative three-dimensional image analysis showed a pronounced variability of p- a... |
9510506 | Association of pKi-67 with satellite DNA of the human genome in early G1 cells. | pKi-67 is a nucleolar antigen that provides a specific marker for proliferating cells. It has been shown previously that pKi-67's distribution varies in a cell cycle-dependent manner: it coats all chromosomes during mitosis, accumulates in nuclear foci during G1 phase (type I distribution) and localizes within nucleoli... |
9580125 | Synaptonemal complex analysis of the X1X2Y trivalent in Mantis religiosa L. males: inferences on the origin and maintenance of the sex-determining mechanism. | Characterization of sex chromosomes in males of Mantis religiosa L. (2n = 24 + X1X2Y) was carried out by C-banding, silver staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization. They are meta- or submetacentric, their arms being designated as X1L, X1R, X2R, X2L, YL and YR. Meiotic behaviour of the sex trivalent was examined ... |
9417770 | Relative potency of xenobiotic estrogens in an acute in vivo mammalian assay. | The in vivo effects of xenoestrogens are of interest in relation to their potential health risks and/or beneficial effects on humans and animals. However, the apparent in vivo potency of the examined response can be confounded by a short half-life, and the metabolism of estrogens is very dependent on the nature of conv... |
9499580 | Targeting of MOF, a putative histone acetyl transferase, to the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. | Dosage compensation ensures that males with a single X chromosome have the same amount of most X-linked gene products as females with two X chromosomes. In Drosophila, this equalization is achieved by a twofold enhancement of the level of transcription of the X in males relative to each X chromosome in females. The pro... |
9491390 | Antimutagenic effect of crown ethers on heavy metal-induced sister chromatid exchanges. | Macrocyclic polyethers (crown ethers) are a family of compounds that possess the ability to complex with and transport metal ions across membranes. Because of their unique ionophoric characteristic, they have wide application in industry and research, chemistry and biology. In the current investigation the relationship... |
9489613 | Platelets, neutrophils, and vasoconstriction after arterial injury by angioplasty in pigs: effects of MK-886, a leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. | 1 Leukotrienes constitute a class of potent bioactive mediators known to play a pivotal role in inflammation. Since their biosynthesis has been shown to be enhanced by platelet-neutrophil interactions, leukotrienes may be involved in these interactions and the arterial response to injury. Therefore, we investigated the... |
9487542 | The how and why of protein-carbohydrate interaction: a primer to the theoretical concept and a guide to application in drug design. | The common principles of molecular recognition with cooperative or bidentate hydrogen bonds, dispersion forces and hydrophobic packing govern the specificity of protein-carbohydrate interaction. Enthalpy/entropy-compensation is also valid, maintaining KD-values in the range of 30 mM to 200 nM. The individual contributi... |
9487389 | SET domain proteins modulate chromatin domains in eu- and heterochromatin. | The SET domain is a 130-amino acid, evolutionarily conserved sequence motif present in chromosomal proteins that function in modulating gene activities from yeast to mammals. Initially identified as members of the Polycomb- and trithorax-group (Pc-G and trx-G) gene families, which are required to maintain expression bo... |
9487384 | Histone acetylation as an epigenetic determinant of long-term transcriptional competence. | All four histones of the nucleosome core particle are subject to post-translational acetylation of selected lysine residues in their amino-terminal domains. The modification is ubiquitous and frequent. Steady-state levels of acetylation have been shown to vary from one part of the genome to another and to be maintained... |
9482261 | Neurotoxicity of 25-OH-cholesterol on NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. | PC12 cells induced to differentiate with nerve growth factor were used to study the neurotoxicity of 25-OH-cholesterol. This agent induced a dose- and time-dependent cell death in neuronal PC12 cells. Cells treated with this agent showed condensed nuclei, a morphology similar to that of cells dying of programmed cell d... |
9479578 | Structure-based design of immunologically active therapeutic peptides. | Peptides are flexible molecules and can adopt local structural features of protein, such as secondary structure, hydrophobicity, and distribution of electrostatic charges, and so forth, and mimic their functions. Therapeutic peptidomimetics that are immunologically relevant are developed by engineering the surface loop... |
9487092 | Molecular determinants of hormone mimicry: halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents. | The potential of ostensibly structurally diverse environmental chemicals to modulate endocrine processes in biological systems has been recognized. Difficulty in classifying endocrine system modulators by chemical structure may in large part be due to lack of understanding of mechanisms of action. New developments in u... |
9474789 | Enantiomeric separation of propranolol and selected metabolites by using capillary electrophoresis with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. | A capillary electrophoresis (CE) investigation of the enantiomeric separation of propranolol and some of its metabolites using CE was undertaken. Resolution of the enantiomers was achieved using hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) as the chiral selector. Parameters found to influence separation include cyclode... |
9475742 | Regena (Rga), a Drosophila homolog of the global negative transcriptional regulator CDC36 (NOT2) from yeast, modifies gene expression and suppresses position effect variegation. | A mutation in Regena (Rga) was isolated in screens for modifiers of white eye color gene expression. The reduction in the level of the Rga product results in a complex modulation of white mRNA both positively and negatively, depending on the developmental stage. In addition to white, Rga also affects the expression of ... |
9472477 | Toxicity of cholesterol oxides on cultured neuroretinal cells. | <h4>Purpose</h4>By using nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells as a model for sympathetic neurons, we have recently shown that cholesterol oxides are toxic to cells of neural origin. Since lipid metabolism is known to be involved in some pathological conditions associated with the visual system, we sought to ex... |
9470965 | Enantiomeric separation of d-/l-norepinephrine and -epinephrine by high-performance liquid chromatography with a beta-cyclodextrin type chiral stationary phase. | Enantiomeric separation of d-/l-norepinephrine (NE) and d-/l-epinephrine (E) was investigated with various mobile phases by high-performance liquid chromatography using a beta-cyclodextrin type chiral stationary phase as a chiral column. The mobile phase of 2.5 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) gave separation factors (alpha... |
9470210 | Paramagnetic 1H-NMR relaxation probes of stereoselectivity in metalloporphyrin catalyzed olefin epoxidation. | Enantioselective catalytic epoxidation of olefins is an important problem from both practical and mechanistic points of view. The origins of chiral induction by asymmetric porphyrin and salen complexes were investigated by FT-NMR T1 relaxation techniques. A new chiral vaulted porphyrin (1) that carries (S)-binaphthyl-L... |
9470206 | Induction of asymmetry into homodimers. | The self-regulation of biological signalling receptors via homodimerization is discussed in relation to the symmetry changes occurring when these receptors bind their target ligand. The idea of positive and negative cooperativity between dimerization and ligand binding, mediated by changes in the symmetry of the system... |
9470179 | Structure-retention correlation of isomeric bile acids in inclusion high-performance liquid chromatography with methyl beta-cyclodextrin. | The structure-retention correlation of various C24 bile acid isomers was studied by the addition of methyl beta-cyclodextrin (Me-beta-CD) to mobile phases in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The compounds examined include a series of monosubstituted bile acids related to cholanoic acids dif... |
9468656 | Separation of profen enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. | A method for resolving the enantiomers of various 2-arylpropionic acids (viz. ketoprofen, ibuprofen and fenoprofen) by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using a background electrolyte (BGE) containing a cyclodextrin as chiral selector is proposed. The effects of the type of cyclodextrin used and its concentration on... |
9468655 | Separation of enantiomers of drugs by capillary electrophoresis. V. Hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclodextrin as chiral solvating agent. | In an extended chiral drug screening program, enantioseparation of 86 racemic drugs was tested with hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclodextrin as chiral solvating agent (CSA). A total of 34 drugs out of 86 could be resolved in this straightforward approach. The number of experiments performed under identical conditions allows a ... |
9468654 | Mechanism of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations using a combination of an achiral crown ether plus cyclodextrins. | The addition of an achiral crown ether (18-crown-6) to a cyclodextrin-based separation can significantly affect the capillary electrophoresis (CE) enantioresolution of organic racemates that contain a primary amine functional group. In most cases an enhancement of the enantioseparation was observed. However, there are ... |
9468643 | Interactions of cyclodextrins with DPPC liposomes. Differential scanning calorimetry studies. | The interaction of cyclodextrins (CDs) with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase transition temperature and the enthalpy change due to the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of the liposomes were measured in the presence of alp... |
9469589 | Apolipoprotein B-100: conservation of lipid-associating amphipathic secondary structural motifs in nine species of vertebrates. | Development of a computer program called LOCATE allowed us to show that human apolipoprotein B-100 is composed of five domains, NH2-alpha1-beta1-alpha2-beta2-alpha3-COOH, enriched, alternately, in amphipathic alpha helixes and amphipathic beta strands. Using updated versions of this program, here we compare the complet... |
9454590 | A cluster of aromatic residues in the sixth membrane-spanning segment of the dopamine D2 receptor is accessible in the binding-site crevice. | The binding site of the dopamine D2 receptor, like that of other homologous G protein-coupled receptors, is contained within a water-accessible crevice formed among its seven membrane-spanning segments. Using the substituted-cysteine accessibility method, we previously mapped the residues in the third, fifth, and seven... |
9454633 | Distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cranial and spinal ganglia. | In a previous study we have shown that a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons contain brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunoreactivity. In the present study we investigated the distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its mRNA in cranial and spinal ganglia at different segmental levels, using immunoh... |
9460554 | Effect of biodegradable polyrotaxanes on platelet activation. | Cellular response to our designed biodegradable polyrotaxanes was evaluated in terms of physicochemical interaction with plasma membrane and intracellular metabolism of platelets. The polyrotaxanes, in which many hydroxypropylated (HP-) alpha-cyclodextrins are threaded onto a poly(ethylene glycol) chain capped with a L... |
9460549 | Maleimidocysteineamido-DOTA derivatives: new reagents for radiometal chelate conjugation to antibody sulfhydryl groups undergo pH-dependent cleavage reactions. | We have synthesized two bifunctional derivatives of the macrocyclic chelating agent 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) equipped with maleimide groups for conjugation to reduced disulfide bonds of monoclonal antibodies. Using water-soluble carbodiimide chemistry, DOTA was coupled to L-cyst... |
9460547 | Terminal groups in Starburst dendrimers: activation and reactions with proteins. | Starburst dendrimers are novel nanoscopic synthetic polymers of defined molecular mass and geometry. These macromolecules, available in commercial quantities, contain methyl carboxylate and primary amino-terminal groups. The presence of these groups on any macromolecule limits its usefulness especially in cases where, ... |
9461219 | The role of transferrin-receptor variation in the host range of Trypanosoma brucei. | Trypanosoma brucei is a unicellular parasite transmitted between African mammals by tsetse flies. T. brucei multiplies freely in the bloodstream of many different mammals, and survives by antigenic variation of the main component of its surface coat, variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). Trypanosomes take up transferrin ... |
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