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10076826 | Capillary affinophoresis as a versatile tool for the study of biomolecular interactions: a mini-review. | Combination of capillary electrophoresis and bioaffinity interaction gave rise to powerful research tools for analyzing molecular recognition. They take advantages of the electrophoretic behavior of the complex formed between a target biomolecule and a specially designed mobile ligand molecule (affinophore or affinity ... |
10076825 | Immunoglobulin specificity of TG19318: a novel synthetic ligand for antibody affinity purification. | A synthetic ligand [TG19318], able to mimic protein A in the recognition of the immunoglobulin Fc portion, has been previously identified in our laboratory through the synthesis and screening of multimeric combinatorial peptide libraries. In this study we have fully characterized its applicability in affinity chromatog... |
10076823 | Identification of peptides that bind to the constant region of a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody using phage display. | The pFc' fragments of a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody were generated by digestion with immobilized pepsin. These pFc' fragments were separated from F(ab')2 fragments by affinity chromatography. The pFc' fragments corresponding to the constant region of the humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody were used as targets fo... |
10076822 | Structure of the IgG-binding ligand of the T-gel. | We examine the ligand requirements for the divinylsulphone (DVS) based T-gel to bind immunoglobulins. The original gel consisted of 2-mercaptoethanol coupled to a DVS activated support, with both the thioether and sulphone sulphurs thought necessary for protein binding. No differences in the capacity for human IgG were... |
10076821 | Affinity of recombinant antibody and antibody fragment binding to human thyroglobulin: potential applications in gene therapy. | Recombinant antibodies and antibody fragments are currently being produced. They can be used in vitro for the structural study of antigen-antibody interactions for instance, but their in vivo production may have applications for gene therapy of certain cancers and severe viral diseases and in developing new animal mode... |
10076820 | Screening for weak monoclonal antibodies in hybridoma technology. | As the interest in weak-affinity antibodies has been widened by their introduction to various analytical techniques such as HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and biosensors, there has been a need for new screening/monitoring methods. In this study, weak-affinity chromatography was adopted to screen/monitor directly for m... |
10076819 | Use of weak monoclonal antibodies for affinity chromatography. | When using weakly interacting ligands in affinity chromatography, it is possible to take advantage of a true chromatographic process in the separation, as compared with traditional affinity chromatography which is rather an on/off process. In this work, weak monoclonal antibodies were immobilized on a silica and a perf... |
10076817 | Crown ethers as a tool for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers. | Molecularly imprinted polymers have been prepared against aniline and a bis-aniline compound, making use of a crown ether (18-crown-6) to solubilize the monomer-template complexes. Subsequent chromatographic rebinding studies in the absence of crown ether revealed regioselectivity for the templates in the respective po... |
10076816 | Theophylline molecularly imprinted polymer dissociation kinetics: a novel sustained release drug dosage mechanism. | The template release kinetics of theophylline molecularly imprinted polymers has been examined with a view to determining their potential as a controlled release drug dosage form. The basis for the ligand selectivity of these polymers has been shown through the demonstration of pre-polymerization template-monomer compl... |
10076815 | The rational use of hydrophobic effect-based recognition in molecularly imprinted polymers. | A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) system selective for D-phenylalanine is described where polymerization is performed in aqueous solution. The unique polymer system comprises a hydrophobic moiety-selective functional monomer, polymerizable beta-cyclodextrin, an electrostatic interacting functional monomer, 2-... |
10076814 | Phage viability in organic media: insights into phage stability. | The stability of the filamentous phages derived from phagemid pG8H6 has been examined in a range of solvents and solvent mixtures. The results show an enhanced capacity to infect E. coli after exposure to various organic solvent-water mixtures. The dependence of stability upon solvent hydrophobicity was demonstrated. F... |
10076813 | Novel chiral recognition elements for molecularly imprinted polymer preparation. | The use of a novel chiral functional monomer system in molecular imprinting protocols is described. The monomer, dibenzyl (2R,3R)-O-monoacryloyl tartrate, possesses a hydroxyl moiety which can be used to direct template-functional monomer interactions during molecular imprinting polymerization. This system simultaneous... |
10076812 | Spectroscopic studies of the molecular imprinting self-assembly process. | A method for the rapid estimation of the extent of complex formation in molecular imprinting prepolymerization mixtures is described. By the use of a UV spectroscopy titration procedure, apparent binding constants for such self-assembly processes have been obtained. This method was used for comparison of the interactio... |
10076811 | Towards the rational design of molecularly imprinted polymers. | Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the formation of binding sites in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and of MIP-ligand binding events are presented in the context of a thermodynamic treatment of MIP recognition phenomena. |
10076810 | A new application of molecularly imprinted materials. | We have studied the possibility of shifting a thermodynamically unfavourable enzymatic equilibrium towards product formation via the addition of a highly specific adsorbent. The commercially interesting enzymatic condensation of Z-L-aspartic acid with L-phenylalanine methyl ester to the sweetener aspartame was chosen a... |
10076809 | Insights into the origins of binding and the recognition properties of molecularly imprinted polymers prepared using an amide as the hydrogen-bonding functional group. | Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared using an amide hydrogen-bonding functional monomer (acrylamide) exhibited efficient enantiomeric recognition properties in both organic and aqueous media in the HPLC mode. The results indicate that the amide functional groups formed strong hydrogen-bonding interactions wit... |
10076808 | Some new developments and challenges in non-covalent molecular imprinting technology. | The technique of molecular imprinting allows the formation of specific recognition and catalytic sites in macromolecules via the use of templates. Molecularly imprinted polymers have been applied in an increasing number of applications where molecular binding events are of interest. These include the use of molecularly... |
10076807 | Biomembrane affinity chromatographic analysis of nitrobenzylthioinosine binding to the reconstituted human red cell nucleoside transporter. | Solute interactions with membrane proteins can be analyzed by biomembrane affinity chromatography (BAC), previously applied to the human red cell glucose transporter. As a novel example, frontal BAC analysis of interactions between the nucleoside transport inhibitor nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI) and immobilized reconst... |
10076806 | Freeze-thaw immobilization of liposomes in chromatographic gel beads: evaluation by confocal microscopy and effects of freezing rate. | Biological membranes immobilized in chromatographic gel beads constitute a multifunctional affinity matrix. Membrane protein-solute interactions and drug partitioning into the lipid bilayers can conveniently be studied. By the use of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) the distribution of immobilized model membra... |
10076805 | Recombinant soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor fragment inhibits common cold infection. | A fragment of the human low-density lipoprotein receptor encompassing the seven ligand-binding repeats fused to a C-terminal oligo-His tag was expressed in Sf9 insect cells. The melittin signal sequence encoded in the baculovirus vector led to secretion of the protein into the cell supernatant in a soluble form. The re... |
10076804 | Sjögren's autoimmunity: how perturbation of recognition in endomembrane traffic may provoke pathological recognition at the cell surface. | CD4 T cell antigen recognition requires presentation by major histocompatibility complex Class II molecules (MHC II). B cell surface immunoglobulins recognize antigens independently of MHC II, but activation typically requires CD4 cell cytokines as accessory signals. Plasma membrane-endomembrane traffic in lacrimal gla... |
10076803 | Histidine mapping of serine protease: a synergic study by IMAC and molecular modelling. | The immobilized metal ion affinity (IMA) interaction of different serine proteases, namely porcine and bovine trypsins and BPN' and Carlsberg subtilisins, was studied on Sepharose-IDA-CuII. Both trypsins were resolved into their different subspecies, whereas the subtilisins appeared as only one species. The use of diet... |
10076802 | Prediction of molecular recognition-enhanced phenobarbital extraction based on solvatochromic analysis. | The extraction efficiency for organic molecules using synthetic receptors is highly dependent on solvent properties. Solvent influences the partitioning of both the desired compound and the interfering species. Solvent also influences the solubility of the receptor and its affinity for the substrate. Therefore the free... |
10076801 | Reactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase using conjugates of monoclonal antibodies with polyelectrolyte complexes. An attempt to make an artificial chaperone. | The simplified model of chaperone action when the inactive misfolded forms are removed from the reaction media preventing aggregation was developed using antibodies in combination with polyelectrolyte complexes. The antibodies, which bind specifically inactive dimers of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase but not ... |
10076800 | A citrate-binding site in calmodulin. | Calmodulin (CaM) is a major Ca2+ messenger which, upon Ca2+ activation, binds and activates a number of target enzymes involved in crucial cellular processes. The dependence on Ca2+ ion concentration suggests that CaM activation may be modulated by low-affinity Ca2+ chelators. The effect on CaM structure and function o... |
10076799 | Interactions of calmodulin with metal ions and with its target proteins revealed by conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibodies. | Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against bovine calmodulin (CaM), CAM1 and CAM4, enable one to monitor conformational changes that occur in the molecule. The interaction of CAM1 with CaM depends on the Ca2+ occupancy of its Ca(2+)-binding sites. CAM4, in contrast, interacts with CaM in a Ca(2+)-independent manne... |
10076798 | Thermodynamic characterization of affinity maturation: the D1.3 antibody and a higher-affinity mutant. | Understanding the structural and dynamic determinants of binding free energy in the antigen-antibody bond is of great interest. Much work has focused on selective mutations in order to locate key interaction residues, but this generally results in reduced affinity. The present work instead examines a higher-affinity mu... |
10076797 | Poliovirus and its cellular receptor: a molecular genetic dissection of a virus/receptor affinity interaction. | The ability of a virus to attach to a susceptible host cell is of utmost importance for the initiation of viral life cycle. Cell surface proteins called viral receptors mediate the initial steps of virus attachment and uptake. Poliovirus (PV) is one of the most studied animal viruses and its interaction with its cellul... |
10076769 | Cytochemistry of the functional domains of the nucleus in normal and in pathologic conditions. | By means of ultrastructural cytochemistry significant advances have been made in understanding the functional roles of many nuclear domains. This review gives schematic information about the main nuclear domains involved in replication, transcription, processing and transport of the transcripts in normal and in patholo... |
10036970 | Protein surface recognition by synthetic agents: design and structural requirements of a family of artificial receptors that bind to cytochrome c. | The design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel series of receptors for protein surface recognition are described. The design of these agents is based around the attachment of four constrained peptide loops onto a central calix[4]arene scaffold. This arrangement mimics the role of the hypervariable loops in antibody c... |
9988508 | New approaches to antifungal chemotherapy. | The antifungal agents currently available to treat invasive fungal infections are limited in both number and usefulness. Treatment with the polyene amphotericin B (AmB), and with several azoles, in particular fluconazole and itraconazole, is the mainstay of antifungal chemotherapy. However, the clinical usefulness of t... |
9931797 | [Is modification of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure by parenteral feeding possible?]. | In this prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical study, 29 patients after severe trauma (ISS about 40) were randomized to receive either IMPACT (Test) or an isonitrogenous isocaloric diet (Control). The primary study endopoints were the incidence of SIRS and MOF (definitions according to Bone, Goris an... |
9931689 | [Special therapeutic approaches for interrupting the cascade--from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to multiple organ failure]. | SIRS, sepsis and MOF are clinical sequelae related to persistent, uncontrolled inflammation. Therefore, different strategies for treatment were designed to block the cascade from SIRS to MOF (anti-inflammatory therapies). However, clinical trials using these agents have failed to demonstrate any benefit. In sepsis the ... |
9931655 | [Pathogenesis of pancreatogenic sepsis]. | The intestinal tract is the motor of sepsis in the "gut-MOF hypothesis". Acute pancreatitis causes an early severe reduction of intestinal microcirculation with consequent production of radicals and cytokines damaging intestinal integrity. The intestinal organ dysfunction syndrome results in a breakdown of barrier func... |
9929292 | Consumer health informatics: knowledge engineering and evaluation studies of medical HouseCall. | The changes in reimbursement structure in health care have given rise to a rapidly growing focus on the consumer and this recent increase has been fueled by the advent of the Web. Consumer health information (CHI) systems empower the consumer and aim to improve doctor-patient communication. We present HouseCall, a CHI ... |
9923688 | An NMR study of ligand binding by maltodextrin binding protein. | Proton NMR spectra of maltodextrin binding protein from Escherichia coli were used to monitor conformational changes that accompany ligand binding. Chemical shift changes associated with the binding of different maltodextrins to maltodextrin binding protein were studied using one-dimensional difference spectra. Line-sh... |
9889157 | Mechanistic comparison of artificial-chaperone-assisted and unassisted refolding of urea-denatured carbonic anhydrase B. | <h4>Background</h4>We have previously described a method for the refolding of chemically denatured proteins in which small molecules ('artificial chaperones', a detergent and cyclodextrin) assist renaturation. In a previous analysis of lysozyme refolding from the GdmCl-denatured, DTT-reduced state, we found that enzyma... |
9893278 | Communication between the cell membrane and the nucleus: role of protein compartmentalization. | Understanding how the information is conveyed from outside to inside the cell is a critical challenge for all biologists involved in signal transduction. The flow of information initiated by cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts is mediated by the formation of adhesion complexes involving multiple proteins. ... |
9893275 | In search of cellular control: signal transduction in context. | The field of molecular cell biology has experienced enormous advances over the last century by reducing the complexity of living cells into simpler molecular components and binding interactions that are amenable to rigorous biochemical analysis. However, as our tools become more powerful, there is a tendency to define ... |
9889844 | Contractile properties of thin (actin) filament-reconstituted muscle fibers. | Selective removal and reconstitution of the components of muscle fibers (fibrils) is a useful means of examining the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of the contractile apparatus. In addition, this approach is powerful for examining the structure-function relationship of a specific component of the contract... |
9877229 | Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and its combination with hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose increases aqueous solubility of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L. and its therapeutic effects are currently under intensive study. However, THC has a very low aqueous solubility (1-2 microg/mL), which restricts its use as a pharmaceutical. The present study demonstrates that THC forms a drug-... |
9851310 | Effect of the CB1 receptor antagonist, SR141716A, on cannabinoid-induced ocular hypotension in normotensive rabbits. | The present study attempts to indirectly determine if a neuronal cannabinoid (CB1) receptor mediates the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction effects of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), its R-alpha-isopropyl analog, and the non-classical cannabinoid, CP-55,940. A series of these cannabinoids were dissolved in an aqueou... |
9849911 | Mass spectrometric mapping of ion channel proteins (porins) and identification of their supramolecular membrane assembly. | Mass spectrometric peptide mapping, particularly by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI-MS), has recently been shown to be an efficient tool for the primary structure characterization of proteins. In combination with in situ proteolytic digestion of proteins separated by one- and two-dimensional sodium d... |
9849906 | Detection of non-covalent interaction of single and double stranded DNA with peptides by MALDI-TOF. | DNA-histone interaction facilitates packaging of huge amounts of DNA in the confined space of the nucleus. The importance of this interaction underscores the need for new analytical techniques to acquire a better understanding of nuclear dynamics. Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry made it possible to investigat... |
9835008 | Critical illness polyneuropathy following cardiac surgery. | Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), a neurologic complication which may occur secondary to surgery, trauma and coma, is associated with sepsis or multiple organ failure (MOF). CIP is characterized by an axonal distal degeneration of sensory and motor fibres. The patients will often become neurologically conspicuous ... |
9825062 | Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. | There is no golden standard for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). The diagnosis is currently based on clinical presentation, measurement of released pancreatic enzymes and imaging studies. Serum/urinary amylase, lipase and trypsinogen-2 dipstick are the most applicable methods in the clinical practice largely b... |
9824850 | beta-Sitosterol activates the sphingomyelin cycle and induces apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. | Epidemiological evidence has shown that men consuming a low-fat, high-fiber diet containing high amounts of plant products have a lower risk of prostate cancer than men consuming a Western diet. One of the main differences between these two diets is the type of dietary fat, including dietary sterols. This study was und... |
9822868 | Diblock copolymer nanoparticles for drug delivery. | Diblock copolymers can form nanoparticles, that is, micelles and nanospheres, that are being studied as carriers for hydrophobic drugs and genes. The synthetic carriers mimic the spherical, supramolecular core/shell structure of lipoproteins and viruses. Hence, diblock copolymer nanoparticles may be functional, having ... |
9817027 | Src homology-2 domains: structure, mechanisms, and drug discovery. | Src homology-2 (SH2) domains and their associated catalytic or noncatalytic proteins constitute critical signal transduction targets for drug discovery. Such SH2 proteins are found in the regulation of a number of cellular processes, including growth, mitogenesis, motility, metabolism, immune response, and gene transcr... |
9798275 | Computational models for the formation of protocell structures. | There have been various attempts to simulate the self-assembly process of lipid aggregates by computers. However, due to the computationally complex nature of the problem, previous simulations were often conducted with unrealistic simplifications of the molecules' morphology, intermolecular interactions, and the enviro... |
9798273 | Evolving reaction-diffusion ecosystems with self-assembling structures in thin films. | Recently, new types of coupled isothermal polynucleotide amplification reactions for the investigation of in vitro evolution have been established that are based on the multi-enzyme 3SR reaction. Microstructured thin-film open bioreactors have been constructed in our laboratory to run these reactions spatially resolved... |
9784967 | CD28/B7 costimulation: a review. | The current model of T cell activation requires two signals. The first signal is specific, requiring T cell receptor recognition and binding to MHC/Antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell. The second signal is nonspecific, resulting from the binding of B7 ligand on the antigen-presenting cell with its receptor,... |
9774536 | Temperature and pH-dependent supramolecular self-assembly of amelogenin molecules: a dynamic light-scattering analysis. | Evidence for the molecular self-assembly of amelogenin proteins to form quasi-spherical particles ("nanospheres") in solution, both in vitro and in vivo, has recently been documented. A particle-size distribution analysis of dynamic light-scattering data was undertaken to investigate the influence of temperature on thi... |
9780353 | Lectin ligands: new insights into their conformations and their dynamic behavior and the discovery of conformer selection by lectins. | The mysteries of the functions of complex glycoconjugates have enthralled scientists over decades. Theoretical considerations have ascribed an enormous capacity to store information to oligosaccharides. In the interplay with lectins sugar-code words of complex carbohydrate structures can be deciphered. To capitalize on... |
9781325 | Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the muscular endothelium. | Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells rely heavily on the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids to utilize chemically stored energy for contractile work. Under normal conditions fatty acids are continuously supplied from the microvascular compartment to the contracting myocytes. Exogenous fatty acids are transported to ... |
9778732 | [Current concept of structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. On the 100-anniversary of the discovery by Camillo Golgi]. | The paper is a brief review of the current data on the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus since its discovery till the recent investigations, including the works published in 1997. Apart from reviewing the electron microscopy level of the structure of the Golgi apparatus, the data are considered on its molec... |
9769018 | Efficacy, safety and mechanism of cyclodextrins as absorption enhancers in nasal delivery of peptide and protein drugs. | Cyclodextrins are used in nasal drug delivery as absorption enhancing compounds to increase the intranasal bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs. The most effective cyclodextrins in animal experiments are the methylated derivatives, dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin and randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin, which are ... |
9761675 | Surface analysis of the photosystem I complex by electron and atomic force microscopy. | Two-dimensional (2D) crystals of the photosystem I (PSI) reaction center from Synechococcus sp. OD24 were analyzed by electron and atomic force microscopy. Surface relief reconstructions from electron micrographs of freeze-dried unidirectionally shadowed samples and topographs recorded with the atomic force microscope ... |
9737013 | Influence of stereoisomeric glucose, galactose and mannose residues on fragmentation at their glycosidic linkages in post-source decay fragment analyses for oligosaccharides using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | The isomeric sugar branched beta-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives (Glc-beta CD, Gal-beta CD, and Man-beta CD) were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. In the MALDI post-source decay (PSD) fragmentation of Glc-beta CD, Gal-beta CD and Man-beta CD, the fragme... |
9724608 | Gly-X-Y tripeptide frequencies in collagen: a context for host-guest triple-helical peptides. | The collagen triple-helix consists of a repeating (Gly-X-Y)n sequence. In theory, there are more than 400 possible Gly-X-Y triplets, but analysis of sequences from fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens shows that only a limited set of triplets are found in significant numbers, and many are never observed. The nonrandom ... |
9724603 | Supercoiled protein motifs: the collagen triple-helix and the alpha-helical coiled coil. | The collagen triple-helix and the alpha-helical coiled coil represent the two basic supercoiled multistranded protein motifs. Originally they were characterized in fibrous proteins, but have been found more recently in a number of other proteins containing rod-shaped domains. Coiled-coil domains are responsible for the... |
9717984 | New antimetabolites in cancer chemotherapy and their clinical impact. | It is almost 50 years since antimetabolites were first found to have clinical antitumour activity, with Farber's discovery that aminopterin could cause remission in acute leukaemia. In the following 10 years, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) found their way into clinical practice. Subsequently, ... |
9708354 | Convenient approaches to the synthesis of oligonucleotide macrocycles containing non-nucleotide linkers. | Two convenient, practical routes to the synthesis of non-nucleotide bridged cyclic oligonucleotides have been developed. The first procedure included circularization of oligonucleotides by template-directed ligation on solid phase, while the second procedure involved preparation of a circular oligomer by non-template c... |
9703769 | Protein-like molecular architecture: biomaterial applications for inducing cellular receptor binding and signal transduction. | The development of biomaterials with desirable biocompatibility has presented a difficult challenge for tissue engineering researchers. First and foremost, materials themselves tend to be hydrophobic and/or thrombogenic in nature, and face compatibility problems upon implantation. To mediate this problem, researchers h... |
9697216 | Self-assembling automata: a model of conformational self-assembly. | An abstract model of self-assembling systems is presented where assembly instructions are written as conformational switches-local rules that specify conformational changes of a component. The model, the self-assembling automaton, is defined as a sequential rule-based machine that operates on one-dimensional strings of... |
9697205 | Protein disorder and the evolution of molecular recognition: theory, predictions and observations. | Observations going back more than 20 years show that regions in proteins with disordered backbones can play roles in their binding to other molecules; typically, the disordered regions become ordered upon complex formation. Thought-experiments with Schulz Diagrams, which are defined herein, suggest that disorder-to-ord... |
9685871 | Acylated non-alpha-amino acids as novel agents for the oral delivery of heparin sodium, USP. | Ten N-acylated, non-alpha-amino acids have been prepared as oral delivery agents and used to demonstrate the oral delivery of heparin in vivo in rats and primates. Following the oral administration of solutions containing a combination of heparin and a delivery agent to rats or primates, significant plasma heparin conc... |
9659926 | The scs and scs' insulator elements impart a cis requirement on enhancer-promoter interactions. | The Xenopus rRNA enhancer activates its cognate promoter when the two elements are placed on opposite rings of dimeric catenanes. Here we show that when scs elements flank either the enhancer or promoter in catenanes, the enhancer cannot activate the promoter on the ring in trans. A series of catenanes containing diffe... |
9660730 | The expanding role of molecular biology in clinical chemistry. | Technical improvements in the application of molecular biology methods to detection and identification of specific nucleic acid sequences have resulted in more widespread incorporation of these techniques into clinical laboratory services. Gene amplification techniques have been refined and automated, making possible t... |
9653714 | Macromolecular structure and self-assembly. | The output from the molecular biology revolution has grown steadily and logarithmically from the first protein sequence, insulin (Ryle AP et al 1955 Biochem J 60:541-556), the first three-dimensional atomic structure of a macromolecule, myoglobin (Kendrew JC et al 1960 Nature 185:422-427), the first DNA gene sequence, ... |
9646866 | Biosensors in chemical separations. | Identification of biomolecules in complex biological mixtures represents a major challenge in biomedical, environmental, and chemical research today. Chemical separations with traditional detection schemes such as absorption, fluorescence, refractive index, conductivity, and electrochemistry have been the standards for... |
9627399 | beta-Cyclodextrin production by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization. | Production of beta-cyclodextrin (CD) with high-dextrose equivalent (DE) starch hydrolysates by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization (SFC) gives higher yields than using only the enzyme CGTase, because fermentation eliminates glucose and maltose that inhibit CD production, while at the same time, produces ethanol t... |
9624253 | In vitro modulation of doxorubicin and docetaxel antitumoral activity by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MEBCD) was investigated for its effect on the antitumoral activity of various antineoplastic agents (doxorubicin (DOX), docetaxel (DXL), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP)) in three different human parental sensitive cancer cell lines (K562 S, MCF7 S and A2780 S) and their multidrug re... |
9614689 | Kinetics of racemization of (+)- and (-)-diethylpropion: studies in aqueous solution, with and without the addition of cyclodextrins, in organic solvents and in human plasma. | The configurational stability of (+)- and (-)-diethylpropion [(+)- and (-)-2-(diethyl)-1-phenyl-1-propanone or (+)- and (-)-DEP] was investigated systematically from chemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacological aspects. The enantiomeric ratio was monitored directly with a recently developed stability-indicating enanti... |
9600331 | Thermal properties of adamantanol derivatives and their beta-cyclodextrin complexes in phosphatidylcholine bilayers. | Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has been applied to study the thermal properties of the membrane perturbing antibacterial octyl- and dodecyl-bromide salts of quaternary dimethylamino adamantanol (ADM-8 and ADM-12 correspondingly) incorporated in free or complexed form with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) into dipal... |
9594572 | Type X collagen and other up-regulated components of the avian hypertrophic cartilage program. | Elucidating the cellular and molecular processes involved in growth and remodeling of skeletal elements is important for our understanding of congenital limb deformities. These processes can be advantageously studied in the epiphyseal growth zone, the region in which all of the increase in length of a developing long b... |
9588868 | Absorption enhancers as tools to determine the route of nasal absorption of peptides. | The nasal absorption of a series of peptides was studied in order to examine the relationship between extent of absorption and lipophilicity and absorption enhancers were used to probe the mechanism of peptide absorption. An in situ rat nasal perfusion technique was employed to assess the nasal absorption of a series o... |
9586178 | [The intestine as the central organ in the development of multiple organ failure after severe trauma--pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches]. | Multiple organ failure is with an incidence of 10-25% and a mortality of 50-70% the most severe complication after severe trauma. Intestinal ischemia and a corresponding impaired gut barrier function is thought to have a high impact on the development of multiple organ failure after severe trauma. Under normal conditio... |
9586781 | Regulation of intracellular metabolism by biodegradable polyrotaxanes. | Cellular response to our designed biodegradable polyrotaxanes was investigated in terms of changes in cytoplasmic calcium levels in platelets. The polyrotaxanes regulated thrombin-induced calcium increase in platelets although constituent molecules of the polyrotaxanes showed fewer effects on the intracellular metaboli... |
9581287 | Prenatal onset of axonopathy in Dystonia musculorum mice. | Dystonia musculorum (dt) is a recessive hereditary neuropathy of the mouse. Affected animals display loss of limb coordination and twisting of the trunk. Sensory nerve fibers of these mice are severely reduced in number, and the remaining fibers present numerous axonal swellings. The gene defective in dt, dystonin (Dst... |
9568106 | Tumor cell membrane as a potential target for methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The purpose of this work was to determine the role of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MEBCD) in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) on DOX intracellular accumulation and efflux, in comparison to verapamil in a sensitive parental and multidrug-resistant human cancer cell line (HL-60 S and HL-60 R). Moreover, cell membrane and ... |
9561823 | The biophysics of the gram-negative periplasmic space. | When subject to an osmotic 'up-shock', water flows outward from bacterial cytoplasm of the bacterium. Lipid bilayers can shrink very little in area and therefore must wrinkle to accommodate the smaller volume. The usual consequence is that all the layers of the cell envelope must become wrinkled together because they a... |
9561674 | Expression of HSP 70 as a potential prognostic marker for acute rejection in human liver transplantation. | In experimental models, the synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) has been recognized as an intracellular response to ischemia and reperfusion, insults inherent to transplantation. In this study, the HSP response in early stages of human liver transplantation was investigated. HSP 70 mRNA expression was detected ... |
9556758 | Synthesis and characterization of polymer-(multi)-peptide conjugates for control of specific cell aggregation. | A new synthetic approach has been applied to obtain novel di-, tetra-, and (multi)-peptide containing polymer conjugates in quantitative yields with a high degree of conjugation. Bis-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl) esters of PEG (Mw = 200, 600, 1400, 2000, and 3400) were synthesized and studied in a condensation reaction with ... |
9557907 | Luminescence and structure of the protonated forms of meso-tetraarylporphyrins in solution. | A comparative study of the spectral-luminescent properties (at 293 K and 77 K) of meso-tetrakis(o-tolyl)porphyrin (o-TTP) and meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), and also meso-tetrakis(n-propyl)porphyrin (TPrP) in nonaqueous acid media has been carried out with the aim to reveal effects associated with the influence of me... |
9554257 | Iscom, a delivery system for parenteral and mucosal vaccination. | The iscom is a supramolecular spherical structure, about 40nm in diameter, built up by structure-forming and immunomodulating quillaja triterpenoids, lipids and antigens. Iscoms with a defined quillaja triterpenoid formulation named QH 703 are in human trials. The advantages of using the particulate iscom form of quill... |
9547838 | Fatal outcome after polytrauma: multiple organ failure or cerebral damage? | To assess the relative importance of multiple organ failure (MOF) and cerebral damage on the mortality rate following trauma we analyzed retrospectively the records from 99 polytrauma patients admitted to a multidisciplinary European intensive care unit in a 2 year period. In all, 93% of the trauma was non-penetrating ... |
9543561 | Quality of life assessment during six months of NSAID treatment [Gonarthrosis and Quality of Life (GOAL) Study]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To identify the time point of the greatest degree of improvement in daily living activities, pain and depression in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee during 6 months of treatment with NSAIDs, in order to define compliance and drop-out rate.<h4>Methods</h4>107 patients were recruited into a... |
9580239 | Solubilization of diazepam. | Several attempts to increase diazepam solubility are in the literature. This study discusses these different solubilization approaches. Specific reference is given to the rationale in the application of pH control, cosolvency, surfactants, and cyclodextrins. It was found than cosolvency is a more attractive means of so... |
9534250 | beta-Carboline alkaloids as matrices for UV-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes. Analysis of proteins of high molecular mass, and of cyclic and acyclic oligosaccharides. | We report that commercially available beta-carbolines (nor-harmane (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole), harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole), harmine (7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole), harmol (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-ol), harmaline (3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) and harmalol (3,4-d... |
9532773 | FT-IR and X-ray spectroscopic investigations of Na-diclofenac-cyclodextrins interactions. | The association of DCF-Na (the salt of the 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]-phenyl-acetic acid) with beta-CD (cyclodextrin) in some therapeutic formulas can contribute to the optimisation of the physico-chemical and pharmaceutical properties of the parent drug. The understanding of the interaction between DCF with beta-CD... |
9526678 | Improved assay of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity by the use of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and an NADPH-regenerating system. | Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the key enzyme in bile acid synthesis, has been implicated in atherosclerosis and gallstone disease. The aim of this study was to check if the use of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), a vehicle for solubilizing cholesterol, augmented the rate of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol formati... |
9492955 | DNA as a vehicle for the self-assembly model of computing. | A DNA version of the self-assembly model of computing, feasible using currently available laboratory techniques, is proposed. Input signals are coded into unmethylated and methylated oligonucleotides which then hybridize with a backbone that contains complementary sequences. Different input signal patterns are thus rep... |
27182099 | Pyran Template Approach to the Design of Novel A<sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. | [Table: see text] A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor antagonists have potential as anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, and anti-ischemic agents. We previously reported the preparation of chemical libraries of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) and pyridine derivatives and identification of members having high affinity at A<sub>3</... |
20703855 | A 4D TROSY-based pulse scheme for correlating 1HNi,15Ni,13Calphai,13C'i-1 chemical shifts in high molecular weight, 15N,13C, 2H labeled proteins. | A 4D TROSY-based triple resonance experiment, 4D-HNCO(i-1)CA(i), is presented which correlates intra-residue (1)HN, (15)N, (13) C(alpha) chemical shifts with the carbonyl ((13)C') shift of the preceding residue. The experiment is best used in concert with recently described 4D TROSY-HNCOCA and -HNCACO experiments [Yang... |
19499023 | Analytical ultracentrifugation as a contemporary biomolecular research tool. | Analytical ultracentrifugation has again become a widely used biomolecular research technique for determining sample purity, characterizing assembly and disassembly mechanisms of biomolecular complexes, determining subunit stoichiometries, detecting and characterizing macromolecular conformational changes, and measurin... |
18967786 | A study of the effect of proteins and endogenous cations on a lipophilic beta-cyclodextrin-based potentiometric lidocaine sensor using discrete solution and flow-injection analysis. | 2,6 Didodecyl beta cyclodextrin (2,6ddbetaCD) modified ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were used in discrete solutions and in a flow injection analysis manifold for monitoring the local anaesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride (lignocaine) in the presence of endogenous cations and proteins. Membrane matrices comprised of ei... |
18627876 | Hexagonal columnar liquid crystal in the cells secreting spider silk. | The liquid crystallinity of spider dragline silk dope is thought to be important for both the spinning process and the extreme mechanical properties of the final thread. Although the formation of the liquid crystalline units is poorly understood, it has been suggested that spider silk proteins are secreted in a random ... |
16633550 | Dihydrogen Activation by Titanium Sulfide Complexes. | The titanocene sulfido complex Cp*(2)Ti(S)py (1, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; py = pyridine) is synthesized by addition of a suspension of S(8) to a toluene solution of Cp*(2)Ti-(CH(2)CH(2)) (2) and py. The rate of rotation of the pyridine ligand in solution was determined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and the struct... |
10927441 | Self-assembly of NH-pyrazoles via intermolecular N-H.N hydrogen bonds. | The crystal structures of two NH-pyrazole derivatives forming intermolecular N-H.N hydrogen bonds are reported: 5-methyl-4-(3-methylpyrazol-5-yl)pyrazol-3-ol, C(8)H(10)N(4)O (P1), and 3-methyl-5-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-d]pyrazole hemihydrochloride, C(12)H(12)N(2).-C(12)H(13)N(2)(+).Cl(-) (P2). 26 other structures are su... |
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