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9459582 | Translocation of alkali metal cations by lipophilic cyclodextrin derivatives through black lipid membranes. | Lipophilic cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives, synthetic ionophores, were prepared to transport alkali metal cations across a black lipid membrane (BLM). The purpose of this study is to develop a new class of an artificial transportation system of alkali metal cations via bilayer lipid membranes, by using CD derivatives as ... |
9459140 | Expression of 32/67-kDa laminin receptor in laminin adhesion-selected human colon cancer cell lines. | Laminin promotes the malignant phenotype, and the expression of certain laminin receptors is increased in malignancy. Previously, we demonstrated that a laminin-adhesive subclone of a human colon cancer cell line showed increased tumorigenicity in nude mice and increased affinity of the beta1 integrin for laminin relat... |
9457433 | Molecular typing of enteroviruses: current status and future requirements. The European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis. | Human enteroviruses have traditionally been typed according to neutralization serotype. This procedure is limited by the difficulty in culturing some enteroviruses, the availability of antisera for serotyping, and the cost and technical complexity of serotyping procedures. Furthermore, the impact of information derived... |
9457431 | Serologic response to cell wall mannoproteins and proteins of Candida albicans. | The cell wall of Candida albicans not only is the structure in which many biological functions essential for the fungal cells reside but also is a significant source of candidal antigens. The major cell wall components that elicit a response from the host immune system are proteins and glycoproteins, the latter being p... |
9435256 | Specific interaction of HTLV tax protein and a human type IV neuronal intermediate filament protein. | The human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with adult T cell leukemia and neurological disorders (TSP/HAM). The HTLV transcriptional transactivator, Tax, is known to exert its effect through protein-protein interaction with several transcription factors that activate genes in T cell proliferation. The pathoge... |
9435250 | Isolation of a high-affinity stable single-chain Fv specific for mesothelin from DNA-immunized mice by phage display and construction of a recombinant immunotoxin with anti-tumor activity. | Mesothelin is a differentiation antigen present on the surface of ovarian cancers, mesotheliomas, and several other types of human cancers. Because among normal tissues, mesothelin is present only on mesothelial cells, it represents a good target for antibody-mediated delivery of cytotoxic agents. In the present study ... |
9435227 | A double-headed Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro ligand mimics the functions of the E domain of fibrin for promoting the end-to-end crosslinking of gamma chains by factor XIIIa. | The E domain of fibrinogen represents the central region of the protein that, after the removal of fibrinopeptides from the N-termini of its alpha chains by thrombin, orders the noncovalent assembly of fibrin units into a half-staggered array. This structural organization is accomplished purely through noncovalent bind... |
9457242 | Deoxyadenosine bisphosphate derivatives as potent antagonists at P2Y1 receptors. | Adenosine 3',5'- and 2',5'-bisphosphates previously were demonstrated to act as competitive antagonists at the P2Y1 receptor (Boyer et al. Mol. Pharmacol. 1996, 50, 1323-1329). 2'- and 3'-Deoxyadenosine bisphosphate analogues containing various structural modifications at the 2- and 6-positions of the adenine ring, on ... |
9458174 | Recent advances in elucidating Niemann-Pick C disease. | Lysosomal sequestration of endocytosed LDL-derived cholesterol, premature and abnormal enrichment of cholesterol in trans Golgi cisternae and accompanying anomalies in intracellular sterol trafficking are the hallmark phenotypic features of the Niemann-Pick C (NPC) lesion. A variable severity of these alterations has b... |
9452979 | Modification of physical characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose by codrying with beta-cyclodextrins. | In an attempt to modify the physical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), the slurry form of this material was codried with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). MCC slurry was blended with beta-CD at concentrations of 10%-50% w/w as a dried mass relative to MCC. The mixtures were then granulated with water and codri... |
9452974 | Binding of sodium salicylate by beta-cyclodextrin or 2,6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution. | Speed of sound and conductivity experiments have been done at 298.15 K to study the encapsulation process of sodium salicylate (NaSA) by beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and 2,6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DIMEB) in aqueous solutions. Since the concentration of the salicyclic form (HSA), coming from the hydrolysis of SA-... |
9452969 | Mechanism of alpha-cyclodextrin induced hemolysis. 2. A study of the factors controlling the association with serine-, ethanolamine-, and choline-phospholipids. | A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular modeling study of the interaction between alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) and phospholipids with serine, ethanolamine, or choline headgroups is presented. The experimental approach is based on 31P and 1H NMR measurements on small unilamellar vesicles (SUV), mu... |
9453400 | Red blood cell osmotic fragility in chronically hemodialyzed patients. | Chronic renal failure induces anemia and a short erythrocyte life span. Red blood cell (RBC) osmotic fragility is the resistance of RBC hemolysis to osmotic changes that is used to evaluate RBC friability. To find the cause of shortened red cell survival in uremic patients, we evaluated the RBC osmotic fragility in 57 ... |
9449361 | Refined atomic model of the four-layer aggregate of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein at 2.4-A resolution. | Previous x-ray studies (2.8-A resolution) on crystals of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein grown from solutions containing high salt have characterized the structure of the protein aggregate as a dimer of a bilayered cylindrical disk formed by 34 chemically identical subunits. We have determined the crystal structure o... |
9449357 | Quasi- and nonequivalence in the structure of bacterial flagellar filament. | In supercoiled forms of flagellar filaments, which are thought to be produced by combinations of two distinct subunit lattices, the lattices are elastically deformed in 11 different ways, depending on their azimuthal positions on the circumference of a tube with 11 protofilaments. Those two interactions are nonequivale... |
9449343 | Helix-specific interactions induce condensation of guanosine four-stranded helices in concentrated salt solutions. | Deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate in water self-associates into stable structures, which include liquid-crystalline hexagonal and cholesteric phases. The structural unit is a four-stranded helix, composed of stacked Hoogsteen-bonded guanosine quartets. By using the osmotic stress method, we recently measured the force be... |
9449338 | Precipitation of DNA by polyamines: a polyelectrolyte behavior. | Conditions of double-stranded DNA precipitation by the polyamines spermidine and spermine have been determined experimentally and compared to theoretical predictions. The influence of the concentrations of DNA and added monovalent salt, and of the DNA length has been investigated in a systematic manner. Three regimes o... |
9449335 | Expression and purification of large nebulin fragments and their interaction with actin. | cDNA clones encoding mouse skeletal muscle nebulin were expressed in Escherichia coli as thioredoxin fusion proteins and purified in the presence of 6 M urea. These fragments, called 7a and 8c, contain 28 and 19 of the weakly repeating approximately 35-residue nebulin modules, respectively. The nebulin fragments are so... |
9449318 | Hydrogen bonding in helical polypeptides from molecular dynamics simulations and amide hydrogen exchange analysis: alamethicin and melittin in methanol. | Molecular dynamics simulations of ion channel peptides alamethicin and melittin, solvated in methanol at 27 degrees C, were run with either regular alpha-helical starting structures (alamethicin, 1 ns; melittin 500 ps either with or without chloride counterions), or with the x-ray crystal coordinates of alamethicin as ... |
9442117 | Mice that lack thrombospondin 2 display connective tissue abnormalities that are associated with disordered collagen fibrillogenesis, an increased vascular density, and a bleeding diathesis. | Thrombospondin (TSP) 2, and its close relative TSP1, are extracellular proteins whose functions are complex, poorly understood, and controversial. In an attempt to determine the function of TSP2, we disrupted the Thbs2 gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, and generated TSP2-null mice by blastocyst ... |
9442110 | beta-Filagenin, a newly identified protein coassembling with myosin and paramyosin in Caenorhabditis elegans. | Muscle thick filaments are stable assemblies of myosin and associated proteins whose dimensions are precisely regulated. The mechanisms underlying the stability and regulation of the assembly are not understood. As an approach to these problems, we have studied the core proteins that, together with paramyosin, form the... |
9442107 | Dilation of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 envelope glycoprotein fusion pore revealed by the inhibitory action of a synthetic peptide from gp41. | We have monitored fusion between cell pairs consisting of a single human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein-expressing cell and a CD4+ target cell, which had been labeled with both a fluorescent lipid in the membrane and a fluorescent solute in the cytosol. We developed a new three-color assay to ke... |
9440698 | Visualizing DNA replication in a catalytically active Bacillus DNA polymerase crystal. | DNA polymerases copy DNA templates with remarkably high fidelity, checking for correct base-pair formation both at nucleotide insertion and at subsequent DNA extension steps. Despite extensive biochemical, genetic and structural studies, the mechanism by which nucleotides are correctly incorporated is not known. Here w... |
9440527 | Identification and characterization of Escherichia coli DNA helicase II mutants that exhibit increased unwinding efficiency. | Using a combination of both ethyl methanesulfonate and site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified a region in DNA helicase II (UvrD) from Escherichia coli that is required for biological function but lies outside of any of the seven conserved motifs (T. C. Hodgman, Nature 333:22-23, 1988) associated with the superfa... |
9438021 | Flavonoid derivatives as adenosine receptor antagonists: a comparison of the hypothetical receptor binding site based on a comparative molecular field analysis model. | Flavonoid derivatives have been optimized as relatively rigid antagonists of adenosine receptors with particular selectivity for the A3 receptor subtype. A quantitative study of the structure-activity relationships for binding of flavonoids to adenosine A1, A2A, and A3 receptors has been conducted using comparative mol... |
9437425 | Structure of the CheY-binding domain of histidine kinase CheA in complex with CheY. | Bacterial adaptation to the environment is accomplished through the coordinated activation of specific sensory receptors and signal processing proteins. Among the best characterized of these pathways are those which employ the two-component paradigm. In these systems, signal transmission is mediated by Mg(2+)-dependent... |
9435473 | Application of classical gel electrophoresis to the chiral separation of milligram quantities of terbutaline. | Although the last couple of decades has been tremendous progress in the ability to do chiral separations, the ability to do larger scale chiral separations has lagged somewhat behind the current analytical chiral separation state of the art. The potential of classical gel electrophoresis for chiral separation of millig... |
9430644 | Determinants of protein-protein recognition by four helix bundles: changing the dimerization specificity of Tet repressor. | Homo- and heterodimerization is essential for the activity of many proteins, particularly transcription factors. One widely distributed structural motif for protein recognition is the four helix bundle. To understand the molecular details determining specificity of subunit recognition in a dimer formed by a four helix ... |
9430638 | Dynamic assembly of FtsZ regulated by GTP hydrolysis. | FtsZ forms a cytokinetic ring, designated the Z ring, that directs cytokinesis in prokaryotes. It has limited sequence similarity to eukaryotic tubulins and, like tubulin, it has GTPase activity and the ability to assemble into various structures including protofilaments, bundles and minirings. By using both electron m... |
9430625 | Electron microscopic structure of agrin and mapping of its binding site in laminin-1. | Agrin is a large, multidomain heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with basement membranes of several tissues. Particular splice variants of agrin are essential for the formation of synaptic structures at the neuromuscular junction. The binding of agrin to laminin appears to be required for its localization ... |
9427740 | A systematic survey of conserved histidines in the core subunits of Photosystem I by site-directed mutagenesis reveals the likely axial ligands of P700. | The Photosystem I complex catalyses the transfer of an electron from lumenal plastocyanin to stromal ferredoxin, using the energy of an absorbed photon. The initial photochemical event is the transfer of an electron from the excited state of P700, a pair of chlorophylls, to a monomer chlorophyll serving as the primary ... |
9427840 | Stability and structure of model DNA triplexes and quadruplexes and their interactions with small ligands. | This review focuses on the structural and thermodynamic characterization of model DNA triplex and quadruplex structures, taking into account effects of stoichiometry and sequence. Methods such as gel electrophoresis, UV melting, and scanning calorimetry, and the results thereof, are described for determination of the t... |
9425055 | Molecular recognition of tRNA by tRNA pseudouridine 55 synthase. | Escherichia coli tRNA pseudouridine 55 synthase catalyzes pseudouridine formation at U55 in tRNA. A 17 base oligoribonucleotide analog of the T-arm was equivalent to intact native tRNA as a substrate for pseudouridine 55 synthase, viz., the features for substrate recognition by this enzyme are completely contained with... |
9425155 | Detection of dimers of dimers of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR on the surface of living cells by single-particle fluorescence imaging. | The technique of single-particle fluorescence imaging was used to investigate the oligomeric state of MHC class II molecules on the surface of living cells. Cells transfected with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR A and B genes were labeled at saturation with a univalent probe consisting of Fab coupled to R-phycoerythri... |
9425121 | Inhibition of human cytosolic phospholipase A2 by human annexin V. | The ability of annexins, particularly annexin 1 (lipocortin 1), to inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is well known and a substrate depletion mechanism is now widely accepted as the explanation for most inhibitory studies. However, there are only a very limited number of reported studies involving annexins and the high-mo... |
9425007 | Critical elements determining diversity in agonist binding and desensitization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | To identify the molecular determinants underlying the pharmacological diversity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, we compared the alpha7 homo-oligomeric and alpha4beta2 hetero-oligomeric receptors. Sets of residues from the regions initially identified within the agonist binding site of the alpha4 subunit ... |
9422739 | Expression and characterization of a heme oxygenase (Hmu O) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Iron acquisition requires oxidative cleavage of the heme macrocycle. | A full-length heme oxygenase gene from the pathogenic bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme is expressed at high levels as a soluble catalytically active protein that results in the accumulation of biliverdin within the E. coli cells. The purified heme ox... |
9422718 | Characterization of a cDNA encoding the thylakoidal processing peptidase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Implications for the origin and catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. | We have identified and sequenced a cDNA containing a complete open reading frame for a putative 340-amino acid precursor of the thylakoidal processing peptidase from Arabidopsis thaliana. The predicted amino acid sequence of the protein includes regions highly conserved among Type I leader peptidases and indicates that... |
9422686 | Engineering broader specificity into an antibiotic-producing polyketide synthase. | The wide-specificity loading module for the avermectin-producing polyketide synthase was grafted onto the first multienzyme component (DEBS1) of the erythromycin-producing polyketide synthase in place of the normal loading module. Expression of this hybrid enzyme in the erythromycin producer Saccharopolyspora erythraea... |
9423866 | Streptococcal histone-like protein: primary structure of hlpA and protein binding to lipoteichoic acid and epithelial cells. | In addition to its role in the nucleoid, the histone-like protein (HlpA) of Streptococcus pyogenes is believed to act as a fortuitous virulence factor in delayed sequelae by binding to heparan sulfate-proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of target organs and acting as a nidus for in situ immune complex formation. ... |
9421505 | Replacement of the active site tyrosine of vaccinia DNA topoisomerase by glutamate, cysteine or histidine converts the enzyme into a site-specific endonuclease. | Vaccinia topoisomerase forms a covalent protein-DNA intermediate at 5'-CCCTT downward arrow sites in duplex DNA. The T downward arrow nucleotide is linked via a 3'-phosphodiester bond to Tyr-274 of the enzyme. Here, we report that mutant enzymes containing glutamate, cysteine or histidine in lieu of Tyr-274 catalyze en... |
9421491 | Similarities and differences among 105 members of the Int family of site-specific recombinases. | Alignments of 105 site-specific recombinases belonging to the Int family of proteins identified extended areas of similarity and three types of structural differences. In addition to the previously recognized conservation of the tetrad R-H-R-Y, located in boxes I and II, several newly identified sequence patches includ... |
9421489 | Expression of arthritis-causing HLA-B27 on Hela cells promotes induction of c-fos in response to in vitro invasion by Salmonella typhimurium. | HLA-B27 confers a very strong genetic predisposition to development of a reactive arthritis after infection by bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium. This study examines the role of HLA-B27 in the initiation of the earliest host activities after exposure to Salmonella, namely activation of the immediate early genes i... |
9421150 | Quantitative analysis of calcitonin gene-related peptide- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibers in mesenteric blood vessels of rats irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays. | The effects of 60Co gamma rays on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were examined in mesenteric blood vessels of rats. Using a free-floating immunostaining streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method combined with a nickel-enhanceme... |
9420294 | Apoptosis in the mouse central nervous system in response to infection with mouse-neurovirulent dengue viruses. | Apoptosis has been suggested as a mechanism by which dengue (DEN) virus infection may cause neuronal cell death (P. Desprès, M. Flamand, P.-E. Ceccaldi, and V. Deubel, J. Virol. 70:4090-4096, 1996). In this study, we investigated whether apoptotic cell death occurred in the central nervous system (CNS) of neonatal mice... |
9420281 | A similar pattern of interaction for different antibodies with a major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus: implications for intratypic antigenic variation. | The three-dimensional structures of the Fab fragment of a neutralizing antibody raised against a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of serotype C1, alone and complexed to an antigenic peptide representing the major antigenic site A (G-H loop of VP1), have been determined. As previously seen in a complex of the same an... |
9420275 | Characterization of the CBF2 binding site within the Epstein-Barr virus latency C promoter and its role in modulating EBNA2-mediated transactivation. | The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA2 protein is a transcriptional activator that regulates viral and cellular gene expression and is also essential for EBV-driven immortalization of B lymphocytes. The EBNA2-responsive enhancer in the viral latency C promoter (Cp) binds two cellular factors, CBF1 and CBF2. The precise rol... |
9420260 | Genetic determinants of Rous sarcoma virus particle size. | The Gag proteins of retroviruses are the only viral products required for the release of membrane-enclosed particles by budding from the host cell. Particles released when these proteins are expressed alone are identical to authentic virions in their rates of budding, proteolytic processing, and core morphology, as wel... |
9420253 | Spontaneous mutations in the env gene of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 NDK isolate are associated with a CD4-independent entry phenotype. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into target cells is a multistep process initiated by envelope protein gp120 binding to cell surface CD4. The conformational changes induced by this interaction likely favor a second-step interaction between gp120 and a coreceptor such as CXCR4 or CCR5. Here, we report ... |
9420234 | Potato leafroll virus binds to the equatorial domain of the aphid endosymbiotic GroEL homolog. | A GroEL homolog with a molecular mass of 60 kDa, produced by the primary endosymbiotic bacterium (a Buchnera sp.) of Myzus persicae and released into the hemolymph, has previously been shown to be a key protein in the transmission of potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Like other luteoviruses and pea enation mosaic virus, PL... |
9420228 | Cells with high cyclophilin A content support replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag mutants with decreased ability to incorporate cyclophilin A. | Gag polyprotein-mediated incorporation of cellular cyclophilin A (CyPA) into virions is essential for the formation of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions. Either a point mutation in Gag (P222A) or drugs which bind CyPA decrease virion incorporation of CyPA and interfere with HIV-1 replicatio... |
9420216 | The N terminus of rotavirus VP2 is necessary for encapsidation of VP1 and VP3. | The innermost core of rotavirus is composed of VP2, which forms a protein layer that surrounds the two minor proteins VP1 and VP3, and the genome of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. This inner core layer surrounded by VP6, the major capsid protein, constitutes double-layered particles that are transcriptionally acti... |
9420197 | Quantitative disassembly and reassembly of human papillomavirus type 11 viruslike particles in vitro. | The human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is primarily composed of a structural protein denoted L1, which forms both pentameric capsomeres and capsids composed of 72 capsomeres. The L1 protein alone is capable of self-assembly in vivo into capsidlike structures referred to as viruslike particles (VLPs). We have determined ... |
9418876 | Isolation and characterization of new alleles of the cyclin-dependent kinase gene CDC28 with cyclin-specific functional and biochemical defects. | The G1 cyclin Cln2 negatively regulates the mating-factor pathway. In a genetic screen to identify factors required for this regulation, we identified an allele of CDC28 (cdc28-csr1) that blocked this function of Cln2. Cln2 immunoprecipitated from cdc28-csr1 cells was completely defective in histone H1 kinase activity,... |
9418863 | Phosphorylation of Enabled by the Drosophila Abelson tyrosine kinase regulates the in vivo function and protein-protein interactions of Enabled. | Drosophila Enabled (Ena) is a member of a family of cytoskeleton-associated proteins including mammalian vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and murine Enabled that regulate actin cytoskeleton assembly. Mutations in Drosophila ena were discovered as dominant genetic suppressors of mutations in the Abelson tyrosine ki... |
9412505 | Sorting of beta-actin mRNA and protein to neurites and growth cones in culture. | The transport of mRNAs into developing dendrites and axons may be a basic mechanism to localize cytoskeletal proteins to growth cones and influence microfilament organization. Using isoform-specific antibodies and probes for in situ hybridization, we observed distinct localization patterns for beta- and gamma-actin wit... |
9405275 | Binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex to the endocytosis receptors alpha2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and very-low-density lipoprotein receptor involves basic residues in the inhibitor. | The complex of the type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and its target proteinases, the urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA), but not the free components, bind with high affinity to the endocytosis receptors alpha2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related prote... |
9400450 | Double-blind multicenter study comparing alprostadil alpha-cyclodextrin with moxisylyte chlorhydrate in patients with chronic erectile dysfunction. | <h4>Purpose</h4>We compared the efficacy and safety of alprostadil alpha-cyclodextrin and moxisylyte chlorhydrate to induce erections adequate for sexual intercourse in a prospective, randomized, parallel double-blind study in patients with erectile dysfunction.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>A total of 156 men with erec... |
9399876 | MHCPEP, a database of MHC-binding peptides: update 1997. | MHCPEP (http://wehih.wehi.edu.au/mhcpep/) is a curated database comprising over 13 000 peptide sequences known to bind MHC molecules. Entries are compiled from published reports as well as from direct submissions of experimental data. Each entry contains the peptide sequence, its MHC specificity and where available, ex... |
9399852 | GPCRDB: an information system for G protein-coupled receptors. | The GPCRDB is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) database system aimed at the collection and dissemination of GPCR related data. It holds sequences, mutant data and ligand binding constants as primary (experimental) data. Computationally derived data such as multiple sequence alignments, three dimensional models, phyl... |
9394007 | Sphingolipid organization in biomembranes: what physical studies of model membranes reveal. | Recent cell biological studies suggest that sphingolipids and cholesterol may cluster in biomembranes to form raft-like microdomains. Such lipid domains are postulated to function as platforms involved in the lateral sorting of certain proteins during their trafficking within cells as well as during signal transduction... |
12567968 | [Study of the inclusion compound of rutin with beta-cyclodextrin]. | In order to improve the solubility of Rutin in aqueous solution and the stability, the inclusion compound of Rutin with beta-CD was manufacted by saturated aqueous solution method. The formation of the inclusion compound was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and differential scauning calorimetry. The content of Rutin in inc... |
11324474 | [Study on the enantiomeric separation of adrenalines by capillary zone electrophoresis]. | Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been used for the enantiomeric separation of the racemic isoprenaline, noradrenaline and adrenaline with bare fused silica capillary and employing beta-cyclodextrin(beta-CD) and beta-cyclodextrin derivatives as the chiral selectors. Both the complexion and enantiomeric resolutio... |
10494073 | Dendrimer construction and macromolecular property modification via combinatorial methods. | The design and utility of a family of isocyanate functionalized branched monomers, as well as others, are described. Use of these monomers in logical combinations for the construction of branched architectures leads to the formation of unique, asymmetric dendritic species possessing multiple functionalities. Ramificati... |
10425637 | The solid-phase synthesis of novel 14-membered macrocycles for high throughput screening. | A simple and efficient synthesis of novel 14-membered macrocycles from a resin-bound orthogonally protected lysine residue is described. Reductive alkylation of the lysine alpha-nitrogen introduces the first diversity element. Acylation of the resultant secondary amine with an Fmoc-amino acid introduces the second dive... |
10397339 | Molecular recognition motifs in cytidinium and 2'-deoxycytidinium salts with composite anions. | In the crystal structures of N3-protonated cytidinium and 2'-deoxycytidinium salts with composite XYn anions capable of accepting hydrogen bonds through their Y atoms, the dominating motif of cytosinium...anion interactions consists of a pair of hydrogen bonds donated from the N3+ -H protonation site and from the exoam... |
10392195 | [Severe pelvic injuries: indications and techniques of skeletal fixation]. | The aim of this work is to assess the role of immediate Hoffmann's external fixation frame and delayed posterior internal fixation in the management of severe pelvic injuries. We have also analysed the role of selective arteriography and embolization for controlling pelvic fractures hemorrhage and the relationship betw... |
10327372 | Tuning of the selectivity in capillary electrophoresis by cyclodextrins illustrated by the separation of some structurally related phenothiazines. | Cyclodextrins were used to affect the selectivity of the capillary electrophoresis system in the separation of 10 widely used phenothiazines. It was shown that the addition of cyclodextrins substantially improved the selectivity. The effect of temperature and cyclodextrin concentration was studied on the resolution bet... |
10327367 | Comparative evaluation of capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation of cis-cis, cis-trans, and trans-trans isomers of atracurium besylate. | Atracurium besylate is a highly selective nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent routinely used during anesthetic procedures. The commercial presentation of this drug is a mixture of positional isomers, cis-cis, cis-trans, and trans-trans. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been the techniq... |
10076857 | Preparation of and optimal module housings for hollow fibre membrane ion exchangers. | Macroporous polyamide 6 hollow fibres can be polymer coated by a three-step procedure: first, reaction of the amino end groups with a bifunctional, double-bond-containing reagent; second, block polymerization with different monomers; and third, polymer analogue reactions with amines or sulphite salts to produce ion exc... |
10076856 | Direct measurement of intraparticle fluid velocity in superporous agarose beads. | Superporous agarose beads contain both normal diffusion pores and special, very wide superpores through which part of the chromatographic flow is transported, a situation that may greatly improve the chromatographic performance. For the first time such pore flow was measured directly by following the movement of microp... |
10076855 | Purification of substance P endopeptidase (SPE) activity in human spinal cord and subsequent comparative studies with SPE in cerebrospinal fluid and with chymotrypsin. | An enzyme activity capable of hydrolysing the neuroactive undecapeptide substance P (SP) between its Phe7-Phe8 residues was purified from the membrane-bound fraction of human spinal cords. The enzyme preparation yielded was compared with a previously described SP-hydrolysing enzyme from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ... |
10076854 | Cellulose powder from Cladophora sp. algae. | The surface are and crystallinity was measured on a cellulose powder made from Cladophora sp. algae. The algae cellulose powder was found to have a very high surface area (63.4 m2/g, N2 gas adsorption) and build up of cellulose with a high crystallinity (approximately 100%, solid state NMR). The high surface area was c... |
10076853 | Unusual protein-binding specificity and capacity of aza-arenophilic gels. | A number of synthetic aza-arenophilic gels have been synthesized from Sepharose CL-4B, 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. These show high binding capacities for immunoglobulins and enzymes. Under high-salt buffer binding conditions, IgG can be effectively eluted, essentially free of conta... |
10076852 | Protein displacement in dye-ligand chromatography using neutral and charged polymers. | Displacement chromatography was demonstrated to perform separations efficiently under mass-overloaded conditions, offering advantages such as increased product recovery and purity, superior resolving power, and concentration and purification in a single processing step. The use of water-soluble polymers for protein dis... |
10076851 | Preliminary studies on continuous recovery and purification of the penicillin acylase under pseudo-affinity conditions using phenyl-Sepharose gel. | A continuous system for the recovery and purification of the penicillin acylase from crude extracts by recycling phenyl-Sepharose gel through three agitated vessels with disc filters of stainless steel is presented. The penicillin acylase present in the crude extract was absorbed into the phenyl-Sepharose gel under pse... |
10076850 | Purification of supercoiled plasmid DNA using chromatographic processes. | The interest in purifying injectable-grade plasmid DNA has increased with the development of gene therapy and DNA vaccination technologies. In this paper we develop a method for purifying a 4.8 kb plasmid based on chromatographic processes. An NaCl gradient was optimized on a Q Sepharose column and plasmid was eluted a... |
10076849 | Affinity purification of mouse monoclonal IgE using a protein A mimetic ligand (TG19318) immobilized on solid supports. | A synthetic ligand (TG19318), deduced from the screening of a combinatorial peptide library, has been previously characterized by our group for its applicability in affinity chromatography for polyclonal and monoclonal IgG purification from crude sources. In this study we have extended the characterization of its recog... |
10076848 | A synthetic ligand for IgA affinity purification. | We reported previously that TG19318, a synthetic ligand deduced from the screening of combinatorial libraries, displays specific and selective recognition properties for immunoglobulins of the G class and can be used conveniently for affinity chromatography purification of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In this ... |
10076847 | Preliminary studies on the purification of a monoclonal antibody by affinity precipitation with Eudragit S-100. | A simple procedure for the purification of an IgG-type monoclonal antibody by affinity precipitation using Eudragit S-100 is presented. The ligand, a microbial lipase previously used as antigen, was coupled to the polymer at a concentration of 40 mg lipase/g Eudragit. This macroligand was reversibly precipitated by man... |
10076846 | Affinity precipitation of concanavalin A--studies of some underlying mechanisms using dynamic laser light scattering. | The final outcome of an affinity precipitation process will depend upon the efficiency of each individual stage involved: the formation of initial affinity complexes, the build-up of a precipitate and the elution of the target protein. Investigations on the first stage were done in this study utilizing a model system. ... |
10076845 | Affinity-based in situ product removal coupled with co-immobilization of oily substrate and filamentous fungus. | In situ product removal (ISPR) involves actions taken for the fast removal of a product from the producing cell. ISPR is implemented to improve yield and productivity via minimization of product inhibition, minimization of product losses due to degradation or evaporation, and reduction of the number of subsequent downs... |
10076844 | Selective adsorption of endotoxin inside a polycationic network of flat-sheet microfiltration membranes. | For the removal of remaining amounts of endotoxin, sorbents with high selectivity for endotoxin are required. Typically, particulate sorbents with positively charged ligands, such as histidine, polymyxin B poly-L-lysine and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), display moderate to high removal efficiencies in an environment of lo... |
10076843 | The use of affinity adsorbents in expanded bed adsorption. | The potential for the use of affinity ligands in expanded bed adsorption (EBA) procedures is reviewed. The use of affinity ligands in EBA may improve its use in direct recovery operations, as the enhanced selectivity of the adsorbent permits selective capture of the target from complex feedstocks and high degrees of pu... |
10076842 | Affinity precipitation of proteins: design criteria for an efficient polymer. | Affinity precipitation is fast emerging as a successful technique for the purification of proteins which can be introduced at an early stage of downstream processing. The technique applies the use of reversibly soluble-insoluble polymers which have either natural or synthetic origin. Apart from the successful use of so... |
10076841 | Thermodynamic analysis of protein interactions with biosensor technology. | A methodology using biosensor technology for combined kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of biomolecular interactions is described. Rate and affinity constants are determined with BIAcore. Thermodynamics parameters, changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy, are evaluated from equilibrium data and by using rate cons... |
10076840 | High-density immobilization of an antibody fragment to a carboxymethylated dextran-linked biosensor surface. | There are numerous chemical methods published that enable protein coupling to carboxymethyl (CM) dextran. Here we have taken traditional amine coupling using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and coupled an antibody fragment (scFv) to CM dextran at a very high de... |
10076839 | New approaches for the analysis of molecular recognition using the IAsys evanescent wave biosensor. | Trends in the analysis of molecular recognition using the IAsys evanescent wave biosensor are outlined. Diversification of sensor surface chemistry, an open cuvette format and the advent of robotics controlled by intelligent software are widening the range and throughput of applications. Analyses of binding and dissoci... |
10076838 | Detection of low-molecular-weight heparin oligosaccharides (Fragmin) using surface plasmon resonance. | During the last decades there has been a growing realization of the central biological role that oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide-protein interactions play. One of the most striking examples is the use of heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin oligosaccharides (Fragmin) to modify blood coagulation. Several monocl... |
10076837 | Studies of interactions with weak affinities and low-molecular-weight compounds using surface plasmon resonance technology. | Interactions between the immobilized weak-affinity monoclonal IgG antibody 39.5, which is specific for the glucose-alpha 1,4-glucose motif, and various oligosaccharides were studied with surface plasmon resonance technology. The antibody was immobilized at high levels on the surface of the sensor chip and different con... |
10076836 | Immunoreagents based on polymer dispersions for immunochemical assays. | Immunoreagents based on polymer dispersions consisting of unimodal polyacrolein (PAL) microspheres with diameters in the range 0.3-2.0 microns have been prepared and evaluated by various immunoassay techniques such as immunoradiometric assay of ferritin and microtitre particle agglutination and immunofiltration dot ass... |
10076835 | A flow immunoassay for studies of human exposure and toxicity in biological samples. | This paper describes a heterogeneous competitive flow immunoassay with a high sample throughput which can be used for the screening of smaller analytes in various samples. The method is based on off-line incubation of the analyte (Ag), a fluorescent labelled tracer (Ag*) and the corresponding antibody (Ab). The separat... |
10076834 | Electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of atrazine. | An amperometric immunosensor for the detection of the herbicide atrazine has been developed. A redox polymer PVPOs(bpy)2Cl was co-immobilized with the specific antibody on the surface of the electrode by crosslinking with PEGDGE to form an electron-conducting hydrogel. In a competitive assay the occurrence of the antib... |
10076833 | Development of a capacitive immunosensor: a comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal capture antibodies as the primary layer. | There is widespread interest in capacitance immunosensor systems which directly detect antigen binding to immobilized antibody. Our system comprises an active biolayer of antibodies bound to a silicon--silicon dioxide--silicon nitride (Si-SiO2-Si3N4) surface. As with other groups, our system initially gave poorly repro... |
10076832 | A holographic sensor based on a rationally designed synthetic polymer. | A new silver halide-containing holographic recording material has been designed and developed specifically for holographic chemical sensors. The hologram enables very small volume changes to be measured in a polymer layer throughout which the hologram is located. The holographic film is based on a fine-grain silver bro... |
10076831 | Measurement of antigen-antibody interactions with biosensors. | The introduction in 1990 of a new biosensor technology based on surface plasmon resonance has revolutionized the measurement of antigen-antibody binding interactions. In this technique, one of the interacting partners is immobilized on a sensor chip and the binding of the other is followed by the increase in refractive... |
10076830 | Hyphenated thermal field flow fractionation--capillary electrophoresis. | The possibility was considered to use the transverse thermophoresis of analytes in the capillary for capillary electrophoresis (CE) to control the separation process, decrease the peak width due to thermal effects and provide new separation parameters in CE. As the examination has shown, in non-aqueous buffers the Joul... |
10076829 | Electrophoretic affinity chromatography: method validation. | A new method for preparative-scale separation of biomolecules, electrophoretic affinity chromatography (EAC), is proposed in this paper. Separation by EAC is carried out in a long and ribbon-like multicompartment electrolyser separated by membranes, in which the two central compartments are used for packing the gel mat... |
10076828 | Application of multichannel flow electrophoresis to separation of biomolecules: a survey. | Multichannel flow electrophoresis (MFE) is a newly developed method for continuous separation of biological products at a preparative scale, In this short survey, the application of MFE in the separation of proteins, enzymes and antibodies are overviewed. |
10076827 | Capillary electrophoresis for the study of affinity interactions. | Molecular recognition may be characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively by electrophoretic methods if complexed molecules differ in electrophoretic mobility from unbound ones. The use of capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) for the characterization of affinity interactions is advantageous because of the high re... |
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