id stringlengths 4 8 | title stringlengths 1 642 | abstract stringlengths 50 17.9k |
|---|---|---|
11102594 | Cyclodextrin enhances spermicidal effects of magainin-2-amide. | Magainins are antimicrobial peptides with known spermicidal activity. Their activity is inhibited by cholesterol present in eukaryotic cell membranes. Pretreatment of spermatozoa with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which extracts cholesterol from cell membranes and induces capacitation, sensitizes them to magainin-2-amide a... |
11097064 | Double-stranded nucleic acids in liquid-crystalline dispersions as building blocks for cross-linked supramolecular structures. | Double-stranded DNA fixed in a cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion was used for generating an ordered supramolecular structure in the presence of anthracycline and copper (II) ions. The structure is stable in a water-salt solution and does not require poly(ethyleneglycol).The ordered network can be immobilized on... |
11079804 | Friulimicins: novel lipopeptide antibiotics with peptidoglycan synthesis inhibiting activity from Actinoplanes friuliensis sp. nov. II. Isolation and structural characterization. | Four novel lipopeptide antibiotics, friulimicins A, B, C, and D, were isolated from cultures of Actinoplanes friuliensis HAG 010964 after fermentation in different nutrient media. The new compounds were separated by ion-exchange chromatography from the acidic lipopeptides of the amphomycin type also present in the cult... |
11079361 | Axial penile rigidity as primary efficacy outcome during multi-institutional in-office dose titration clinical trials with alprostadil alfadex in patients with erectile dysfunction. Alprostadil Alfadex Study Group. | The purpose of the study was to utilize axial penile buckling testing as a primary efficacy variable of erection quality during multi-institutional in-office dose titration testing with alprostadil alfadex, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-alpha-cyclodextrin, (EDEX /VIRIDAL, Schwarz Pharma) in patients with erectile dysfunction... |
11071070 | Study of IgM aggregation in serum of patients with macroglobulinemia. | The effect of solvent conditions on the aggregation of IgM in serum specimens from patients with macroglobulinemia was studied by a turbidimetric procedure. Aggregation of IgM varied considerably among the samples and was affected by a number of experimental parameters. In general, IgM aggregation was more pronounced u... |
11055583 | Histone acetylation modifiers in the pathogenesis of malignant disease. | Chromatin structure is gaining increasing attention as a potential target in the treatment of cancer. Relaxation of the chromatin fiber facilitates transcription and is regulated by two competing enzymatic activities, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which modify the acetylation state... |
11048945 | Anticalins versus antibodies: made-to-order binding proteins for small molecules. | Engineering proteins to bind small molecules presents a challenge as daunting as drug discovery, for both hinge upon our understanding of receptor-ligand molecular recognition. However, powerful techniques from combinatorial molecular biology can be used to rapidly select artificial receptors. While traditionally resea... |
11042084 | Human and Xenopus cingulin share a modular organization of the coiled-coil rod domain: predictions for intra- and intermolecular assembly. | The complete nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of Homo sapiens cingulin cDNA (5143 bp) were determined by sequencing two distinct EST clones that showed significant sequence homology to Xenopus laevis cingulin. Protein sequence analysis indicates that the molecule contains two chains and has a tripartite stru... |
11043751 | Enantioselective analysis of levetiracetam and its enantiomer R-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide using gas chromatography and ion trap mass spectrometric detection. | A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed for the enantioselective analysis of levetiracetam and its enantiomer (R)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide in dog plasma and urine. A solid-phase extraction procedure was followed by gas chromatographic separation of the enantiomers on a chiral cyclod... |
11028947 | Anionic PAMAM dendrimers rapidly cross adult rat intestine in vitro: a potential oral delivery system? | <h4>Purpose</h4>To investigate systematically the effect of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer size, charge, and concentration on uptake and transport across the adult rat intestine in vitro using the everted rat intestinal sac system.<h4>Methods</h4>Cationic PAMAM dendrimers (generations 3 and 4) and anionic PAMAM dendr... |
11028939 | Deformation behaviors of tolbutamide, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and their dispersions. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The deformation behaviors of compressed freeze-dried and spray-dried tolbutamide/hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin molecular dispersions were evaluated and compared with similarly prepared tolbutamides (TBM), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins (HP-beta-CD) and as their physical dispersions.<h4>Methods</h4>T... |
11028938 | Thermodynamics of binding of neutral molecules to sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrins (SBE-beta-CDs): the effect of total degree of substitution. | <h4>Purpose</h4>To understand the role of degree of substitution on binding of molecules to beta-Cyclodextrins (beta-CDs) with varying degrees of sulfobutyl ether (SBE) substitution.<h4>Methods</h4>Using UV spectroscopy, complexation constants of molecules to SBE-beta-CDs were estimated as a function of temperature, al... |
11028922 | Highly efficient cell-mediated gene transfer using non-viral vectors and FuGene6: in vitro and in vivo studies. | The present study was undertaken to develop an efficient non-viral gene delivery system for cardiovascular gene therapy. We investigated transfection efficiency and toxic properties of the new transfection reagent, FuGene6, and compared it with two other transfection reagents, Tfx-50 and LipoTaxi. For in vivo experimen... |
11026677 | A universal thermodynamic approach to analyze biomolecular binding experiments. | Binding processes of any kind can be characterized as an association of a given ligand with some binding factor. This includes macromolecules as well as supramolecular aggregates such as micelles or membranes. The underlying molecular binding mechanism may be more or less complicated due to various intermediate steps (... |
11014504 | Chlortetracycline staining patterns of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa treated with beta-cyclodextrins, dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone. | Efforts to achieve complete chemical definition of media used for in vitro capacitation of bovine spermatozoa including removal of heparin purified from porcine intestinal mucosa are presented. Fluorescent staining with chlortetracycline (CTC), known to reflect changes coincident with sperm capacitation in certain spec... |
11008377 | A novel series of 2-carboxytetrahydroquinolines provides new insights into the eastern region of glycine site NMDA antagonists. | A series of potent 4-substituted tetrahydroquinolines has been synthesized and biologically tested in order to refine the eastern region of the pharmacophore model for glycine site NMDA antagonists concerning the assessment of lipophilicity, flexibility, and hydrogen bonding. Displacement studies on rat cortical membra... |
11007065 | Solid dispersion of hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin and ketorolac: enhancement of in-vitro dissolution rates, improvement in anti-inflammatory activity and reduction in ulcerogenicity in rats. | Ketorolac, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with strong analgesic activity. It is practically insoluble in water and has been implicated in causing gastrointestinal ulceration. This study describes the formulation of solid dispersions of ketorolac using hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPbeta-CyD) and beta-cy... |
11007061 | Improvement of subcutaneous bioavailability of insulin by sulphobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin in rats. | The objective of this study was to examine and compare how hydrophilic beta-cyclodextrin derivatives (beta-CyDs) improve the bioavailability of insulin following subcutaneous injection of insulin solution in rats. When insulin solutions in the absence of beta-CyDs were injected into the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of r... |
11002929 | Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin enhanced fluorimetric method for the determination of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine. | The effects of native cyclodextrins (alpha, beta or gamma), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin solubilized in urea, soluble starch and glucose in water solution on the fluorescence behaviour of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (M) and 5-methoxytryptamine [5-methoxy-3-(2-aminoethyl)indole] (5M) w... |
11001320 | Enhancement of second-migrating enantiomer peak symmetry of basic drugs by using dual-cyclodextrin system in capillary electrophoresis. | Today, chiral separations of cationic drugs by capillary electrophoresis are generally carried out by adding negatively charged cyclodextrins (CDs) to the running buffer while anionic or neutral drug separations require the use of dual-CD systems (mixtures of neutral and charged CDs). Chiral separation of some basic dr... |
10997904 | A transient interaction between two phosphorelay proteins trapped in a crystal lattice reveals the mechanism of molecular recognition and phosphotransfer in signal transduction. | <h4>Background</h4>Spo0F and Spo0B specifically exchange a phosphoryl group in a central step of the phosphorelay signal transduction system that controls sporulation in Bacilli. Spo0F belongs to the superfamily of response regulator proteins and is one of 34 such proteins in Bacillus subtilis. Spo0B is structurally si... |
10997705 | Cyclodextrins: a versatile tool in separation science. | Cyclodextrins have been used extensively in separation science because they have been shown to discriminate between positional isomers, functional groups, homologues and enantiomers. This property makes them one of the most useful agents for a wide variety of separations. The main goal of this review is a discussion of... |
10997702 | Immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction for the trace-analysis of low-molecular-mass analytes in complex sample matrices. | Immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents, so-called immunosorbents (ISs), are based upon molecular recognition using antibodies. Thanks to the high affinity and high selectivity of the antigen-antibody interaction, they allow a high degree of molecular selectivity and have shown to be a unique tool in the s... |
10994161 | Effect of cyclodextrin complexation on the in vivo disposition of the brain imaging radiopharmaceutical 99mTechnetium ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD). | The brain imaging radiopharmaceutical, 99mTechnetium ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD, 99mTc-bicisate) is the most recent addition to the available set of radiopharmaceuticals for measuring cerebral blood flow. Ideally radiotracers should be trapped in the brain long enough so that their distribution can be quantitate... |
10993145 | Cyclodextrin encapsulation to prevent the loss of l-menthol and its retention during drying. | The taste and flavor of spray-dried powdered products are the most important quality factors. In the present study, molecular encapsulation in cyclodextrin was applied to prevent the loss of a hydrophobic flavor compound (l-menthol) during the drying of a droplet. beta-Cyclodextrin appeared to be a better encapsulant f... |
10990430 | Transannular macrocyclization via intramolecular B-alkyl Suzuki reaction. | [reaction: see text]Transannular macrocyclizations via intramolecular B-alkyl Suzuki reactions are described. Regioselective terminal olefin hydroboration with 9-BBN followed by Pd(0)-catalyzed Suzuki reaction in the presence of a base such as TlOEt at high dilution generates macrocycles with a high degree of control o... |
10985719 | Complexation of polyvalent cyclodextrin ions with oppositely charged guests: entropically favorable complexation due to dehydration. | Thermodynamic parameters for complexation of polyvalent cyclodextrin (CD) cation and anion with oppositely charged guests have been determined in D2O containing 0.02 M NaCl by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Protonated heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)-beta-CD (per-NH3+-beta-CD) forms stable inclusion complexes with monovalent g... |
10978217 | Determination of absolute stereochemistry and an alternative synthesis of homopumiliotoxin 223G: identification on chiral GC columns with the natural alkaloid. | An alternative asymmetric synthesis of (+)-(lS,9aS)-homopumiliotoxin 223G (1) was accomplished via (1R,2R, 9aS)-1-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3[(E)-isobutylidene]++ +quinolizidi ne (4), which was synthesized according to the intramolecular nickel(II)/chromium(II)-mediated cyclization of the N-(iodoalkenyl)aldehyde 2... |
10981723 | Amyloids protect the silkmoth oocyte and embryo. | Chorion is the major component of silkmoth eggshell. More than 95% of its dry mass consists of proteins that have remarkable mechanical and chemical properties protecting the oocyte and the developing embryo from a wide range of environmental hazards. We present data from electron microscopy (negative staining and shad... |
10981714 | Heteronuclear NMR studies of the specificity of the post-translational modification of biotinyl domains by biotinyl protein ligase. | The lipoyl domains of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes and the biotinyl domains of biotin-dependent enzymes have homologous structures, but the target lysine residue in each domain is correctly selected for posttranslational modification by lipoyl protein ligase and biotinyl protein ligase, respectively. ... |
10981630 | Nanobiotechnology: the fabrication and applications of chemical and biological nanostructures. | Biology can teach the physical world of electronics, computing, materials science and manufacturing how to assemble complex functional devices and systems that operate at the molecular level. Our present capability to fabricate simple molecular tools, devices, materials and machines is primitive compared with the sophi... |
10971776 | 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin increases aqueous solubility and photostability of all-trans-retinoic acid. | <h4>Background</h4>All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA, vitamin A acid or tretinoin) is effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Unfortunately, the oral absorption of ATRA is highly variable. Its poor aqueous solubility also makes it difficult to be formulated into parenteral formulation. To date, t... |
10975707 | Relationship between plasma cytokine concentration and multiple organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. | The dynamic aspects of circulating cytokines and cytokine modulators and their relationship with development of multiple organ failure (MOF) in patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed. All cytokine and C-reactive protein levels in the circulation were higher than those in the MOF group. In particular, plasma con... |
10975572 | Chemical cross-linking with thiol-cleavable reagents combined with differential mass spectrometric peptide mapping--a novel approach to assess intermolecular protein contacts. | The intermolecular contact regions between monomers of the homodimeric DNA binding protein ParR and the interaction between the glycoproteins CD28 and CD80 were investigated using a strategy that combined chemical cross-linking with differential MALDI-MS analyses. ParR dimers were modified in vitro with the thiol-cleav... |
10975567 | Five recombinant fragments of human serum albumin-tools for the characterization of the warfarin binding site. | Human serum albumin (HSA) interacts with a vast array of chemically diverse ligands at specific binding sites. To pinpoint the essential structural elements for the formation of the warfarin binding site on human serum albumin, a defined set of five recombinant proteins comprising combinations of domains and/or subdoma... |
10975566 | Blue copper proteins: a comparative analysis of their molecular interaction properties. | Blue copper proteins are type-I copper-containing redox proteins whose role is to shuttle electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor in bacteria and plants. A large amount of experimental data is available on blue copper proteins; however, their functional characterization is hindered by the complexity of... |
10965023 | Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by chimeric monoclonal antibody Nd2 and experimental immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. | In a previous study, mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Nd2 (m-Nd2, mouse IgG1) labeled with (131)I exhibited efficacy in in vivo radioimmunotherapy against pancreatic cancer. In this study we prepared mouse / human chimeric antibody Nd2 (c-Nd2, human IgG1) for clinical use and examined whether c-Nd2 induced antibody-dep... |
10968620 | Ternary Gd(III)L-HSA adducts: evidence for the replacement of inner-sphere water molecules by coordinating groups of the protein. Implications for the design of contrast agents for MRI. | Two novel gadolinium(III) chelates based on the structure of the heptadentate macrocyclic 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A) ligand have been synthesized and their relaxometric and luminescent properties thoroughly investigated. They contain two water molecules in the inner coordination sphere i... |
10944190 | Molecular characterization and assembly of the needle complex of the Salmonella typhimurium type III protein secretion system. | Many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals have evolved a specialized protein-secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial proteins into host cells. These proteins stimulate or interfere with host cellular functions for the pathogen's benefit. The Salmonella typhimurium pathogenicity island 1 encodes one o... |
10963680 | Androgen-induced proliferative quiescence in prostate cancer cells: the role of AS3 as its mediator. | In the prostate gland of adult mammals, most epithelial cells are in a state of proliferative quiescence. Androgens regulate this effect by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Potential mediators of this androgen-induced proliferative shutoff were identified by means of subtracted cDNA libraries. The exp... |
10963676 | A supramolecular basis for CD45 tyrosine phosphatase regulation in sustained T cell activation. | Transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases, such as CD45, can act as both positive and negative regulators of cellular signaling. CD45 positively modulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling by constitutively priming p56lck through the dephosphorylation of the C-terminal negative regulatory phosphotyrosine site. However,... |
10954739 | Immunoassays with rolling circle DNA amplification: a versatile platform for ultrasensitive antigen detection. | We describe an adaptation of the rolling circle amplification (RCA) reporter system for the detection of protein Ags, termed "immunoRCA. " In immunoRCA, an oligonucleotide primer is covalently attached to an Ab; thus, in the presence of circular DNA, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides, amplification results in a long DNA ... |
10944200 | TOM1, an Arabidopsis gene required for efficient multiplication of a tobamovirus, encodes a putative transmembrane protein. | Host-encoded factors play an important role in virus multiplication, acting in concert with virus-encoded factors. However, information regarding the host factors involved in this process is limited. Here we report the map-based cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, TOM1, which is necessary for the efficient multipl... |
10944191 | Photochemically induced nuclear spin polarization in reaction centers of photosystem II observed by 13C-solid-state NMR reveals a strongly asymmetric electronic structure of the P680(.+) primary donor chlorophyll. | We report (13)C magic angle spinning NMR observation of photochemically induced dynamic nuclear spin polarization (photo-CIDNP) in the reaction center (RC) of photosystem II (PS2). The light-enhanced NMR signals of the natural abundance (13)C provide information on the electronic structure of the primary electron donor... |
10954747 | Gel catalysts that switch on and off. | We report development of a polymer gel with a catalytic activity that can be switched on and off when the solvent composition is changed. The gel consists of two species of monomers. The major component, N-isopropylacrylamide, makes the gel swell and shrink in response to a change in composition of ethanol/water mixtur... |
10959575 | Hydrolysis behavior of prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate/beta-cyclodextrin amide conjugate: involvement of intramolecular catalysis of amide group in drug release. | Prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate/beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) amide conjugate was prepared by binding prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate covalently to the amino group of mono(6-deoxy-6-amino)-beta-CyD through amide linkage. Prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate was intramolecularly transformed to prednisolone 17-hemisuccinate, and the... |
10956515 | Self-assembly of oligomeric porphyrin rings. | A cobalt porphyrin equipped with two different but geometrically complementary pyridine ligands self-assembles to form an unusually stable complex with approximately 12 porphyrin monomers arranged in a macrocyclic array. |
10955986 | Atomistic modeling of enantioselective binding. | This Account focuses on computational studies related to chiral recognition. It begins with a description of potential energy surfaces and the computational tools used to explore such surfaces, describes approximations and assumptions made by researchers computing enantioselective binding, and then explains why differe... |
10956013 | Efficient, Mg(2+)-dependent photochemical DNA cleavage by the antitumor quinobenzoxazine (S)-A-62176. | The quinobenzoxazines, a group of structural analogues of the antibacterial fluoroquinolones, are topoisomerase II inhibitors that have demonstrated promising anticancer activity in mice. It has been proposed that the quinobenzoxazines form a 2:2 drug-Mg(2+) self-assembly complex on DNA. The quinobenzoxazine (S)-A-6217... |
10951618 | [Disorders of hepatic sinusoids and perisinusoidal space in chronic viral hepatitis B and its relationship to hepatic fibrosis]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To explore the disorders of the hepatic sinusoids and perisinusoidal space in chronic viral hepatitis B and its relationship to hepatic fibrosis.<h4>Methods</h4>The histopathology, the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN) and collagen type IV (C-IV), and deposition o... |
10843990 | Regulation of the Ca2+-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase type VI by capacitative Ca2+ entry requires localization in cholesterol-rich domains. | The endogenous Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase type VI of C6-2B glioma cells is regulated only by capacitative Ca(2+) entry and not by a substantial elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) from either intracellular stores or via ionophore-mediated Ca(2+) entry (Chiono, M., Mahey, R., Tate, G., and Cooper, D. M. F. (1995) J. Biol.... |
10818101 | Molecular recognition of taxol by microtubules. Kinetics and thermodynamics of binding of fluorescent taxol derivatives to an exposed site. | We have determined the kinetic scheme and the reaction rates of binding to microtubules of two fluorescent taxoids, 7-O-[N-(4'-fluoresceincarbonyl)-l-alanyl]Taxol (Flutax-1) and 7-O-[N-(2,7-difluoro-4'-fluoresceincarbonyl)-l-alanyl]Taxol (Flutax-2). Flutax-1 and Flutax-2 bind to microtubules with high affinity (K(a) ap... |
10950872 | Defective processing of methylated single-stranded DNA by E. coli AlkB mutants. | Escherichia coli alkB mutants are very sensitive to DNA methylating agents. Despite these mutants being the subject of many studies, no DNA repair or other function has been assigned to the AlkB protein or to its human homolog. Here, we report that reactivation of methylmethanesulfonate (MMS)-treated single-stranded DN... |
10949496 | Simultaneous determination of eleven ingredients in ophthalmic solutions by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography with tetrabutylammonium salt. | Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography was applied to determine simultaneously 11 active ingredients in ophthalmic solutions. All the ingredients were successfully separated by using the mixed carrier system containing sodium dodecyl sulfate with beta-cyclodextrin and tetrabutylammonium phosphate.... |
10949490 | Transient state of chiral recognition in a binary mixture of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis. | The transient state (as the defined point where no enantioseparation is obtained in a dual chiral selector system) of chiral recognition of aminoglutethimide in a binary mixture of neutral cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The following three dual selector systems were used: alpha-cyclo... |
10949469 | Affinity screening by packed capillary high-performance liquid chromatography using molecular imprinted sorbents. I. Demonstration of feasibility. | Molecular imprint polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers capable of selectively binding a template molecule. In this work, the potential utility of MIP-based chromatographic sorbents for affinity screening of structurally similar compounds was investigated as alternatives to in vitro bioassays and biological targets bo... |
10949296 | A DNA-fuelled molecular machine made of DNA. | Molecular recognition between complementary strands of DNA allows construction on a nanometre length scale. For example, DNA tags may be used to organize the assembly of colloidal particles, and DNA templates can direct the growth of semiconductor nanocrystals and metal wires. As a structural material in its own right,... |
10946574 | Photophysical consequences of coupling bacteriochlorophyll a with serine and its resulting solubility in water. | We investigated the dependence on solvents of optical absorption and emission of the bacteriochlorophyll a-serine (BChl-ser), a water soluble bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) derivative. Comparison between the experimental data and those collected for BChl in nonaqueous solvents shows that only a minor interaction takes plac... |
10920197 | Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates. | In 1997, 18 cases of influenza in Hong Kong (bird flu) caused by a novel H5N1 (chicken) virus resulted in the deaths of six individuals and once again raised the specter of a potentially devastating influenza pandemic. Slaughter of the poultry in the live bird markets removed the source of infection and no further huma... |
10944225 | Restoration of hemoglobin A synthesis in erythroid cells from peripheral blood of thalassemic patients. | Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of thalassemic patients were treated with morpholino oligonucleotides antisense to aberrant splice sites in mutant beta-globin precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). The oligonucleotides restored correct splicing and translation of beta-globin mRNA, increasing the hemoglobin (Hb) A synthes... |
10931956 | Evidence of nonspecific surface interactions between laser-polarized xenon and myoglobin in solution. | The high sensitivity of the magnetic resonance properties of xenon to its local chemical environment and the large (129)Xe NMR signals attainable through optical pumping have motivated the use of xenon as a probe of macromolecular structure and dynamics. In the present work, we report evidence for nonspecific interacti... |
10920192 | Inversion of stereospecificity of vanillyl-alcohol oxidase. | Vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (VAO) is the prototype of a newly recognized family of structurally related oxidoreductases sharing a conserved FAD-binding domain. The active site of VAO is formed by a cavity where the enzyme is able to catalyze many reactions with phenolic substrates. Among these reactions is the stereospeci... |
10944214 | Analysis of topoisomerase function in bacterial replication fork movement: use of DNA microarrays. | We used DNA microarrays of the Escherichia coli genome to trace the progression of chromosomal replication forks in synchronized cells. We found that both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (topo IV) promote replication fork progression. When both enzymes were inhibited, the replication fork stopped rapidly. The elongatio... |
10944210 | Structure-based design of an osteoclast-selective, nonpeptide src homology 2 inhibitor with in vivo antiresorptive activity. | Targeted disruption of the pp60(src) (Src) gene has implicated this tyrosine kinase in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and as a therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases. Herein we describe the discovery of a nonpeptide inhibitor (AP22408) of Src that demonstrates in vivo ... |
10944120 | The eukaryotic mRNA decapping protein Dcp1 interacts physically and functionally with the eIF4F translation initiation complex. | Dcp1 plays a key role in the mRNA decay process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cleaving off the 5' cap to leave an end susceptible to exonucleolytic degradation. The eukaryotic initiation factor complex eIF4F, which in yeast contains the core components eIF4E and eIF4G, uses the cap as a binding site, serving as an initi... |
10851240 | Possible involvement of aminotelopeptide in self-assembly and thermal stability of collagen I as revealed by its removal with proteases. | The functions of aminotelopeptide and N-terminal cross-linking of collagen I were examined. Acetic acid-soluble collagen I (ASC) was purified from neonatal bovine skin and treated with three kinds of proteases. The amino acid sequencing analysis of the N terminus showed that ASC contained a full-length aminotelopeptide... |
10821830 | Self-assembly and supramolecular organization of EMILIN. | The primary structure of human Elastin microfibril interface-located protein (EMILIN), an elastic fiber-associated glycoprotein, consists of a globular C1q domain (gC1q) at the C terminus, a short collagenous stalk, a long region with a high potential for forming coiled-coil alpha helices, and a cysteine-rich N-termina... |
10934280 | Involvement of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 but not IL-8 in the development of heat hyperalgesia: effects on heat-evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide release from rat skin. | Proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia in many in vivo models. The rat skin model was used to investigate the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the basal and heat-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from nociceptors in vitro. In ... |
10931930 | Recognition of native DNA methylation by the PvuII restriction endonuclease. | Recognizing the methylation status of specific DNA sequences is central to the function of many systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Restriction-modification systems have to distinguish between 'self' and 'non-self' DNA and depend on the inability of restriction endonucleases to cleave their DNA substrates when the D... |
10931914 | From DNA biosensors to gene chips. | Wide-scale DNA testing requires the development of small, fast and easy-to-use devices. This article describes the preparation, operation and applications of biosensors and gene chips, which provide fast, sensitive and selective detection of DNA hybridization. Various new strategies for DNA biosensors and gene chips ar... |
10931876 | New insights into the assembly of extracellular microfibrils from the analysis of the fibrillin 1 mutation in the tight skin mouse. | The Tight skin (Tsk) mutation is a duplication of the mouse fibrillin 1 (Fbn1) gene that results in a larger (418 kD) than normal (350 kD) protein; Tsk/+ mice display increased connective tissue, bone overgrowth, and lung emphysema. Lung emphysema, bone overgrowth, and vascular complications are the distinctive traits ... |
10931875 | An oligodendrocyte cell adhesion molecule at the site of assembly of the paranodal axo-glial junction. | Two major isoforms of the cell adhesion molecule neurofascin NF186 and NF155 are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). We have investigated their roles in the assembly of the node of Ranvier and show that they are targeted to distinct domains at the node. At the onset of myelination, NF186 is restricted to neu... |
10931871 | Rabies virus-induced membrane fusion pathway. | Fusion of rabies virus with membranes is triggered at low pH and is mediated by the viral glycoprotein (G). The rabies virus-induced fusion pathway was studied by investigating the effects of exogenous lipids having various dynamic molecular shapes on the fusion process. Inverted cone-shaped lysophosphatidylcholines (L... |
10931858 | The dynamics of postmitotic reassembly of the nucleolus. | Mammalian cell nucleoli disassemble at the onset of M-phase and reassemble during telophase. Recent studies showed that partially processed preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) is preserved in association with processing components in the perichromosomal regions (PRs) and in particles called nucleolus-derived foci (NDF) during ... |
10930438 | Disruption of hyaluronan synthase-2 abrogates normal cardiac morphogenesis and hyaluronan-mediated transformation of epithelium to mesenchyme. | We identified hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) as a likely source of hyaluronan (HA) during embryonic development, and we used gene targeting to study its function in vivo. Has2(-/-) embryos lack HA, exhibit severe cardiac and vascular abnormalities, and die during midgestation (E9.5-10). Heart explants from Has2(-/-) embr... |
10931184 | Hadrurin, a new antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the scorpion Hadrurus aztecus. | A new antimicrobial peptide, hadrurin, was isolated from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Hadrurus aztecus, by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-50 column, followed by high performance liquid chromatography. It is a basic peptide composed of 41 amino-acid residues with a molecular mass of 4436 Da, and contains no cystein... |
10930565 | Phase behavior of fully hydrated DMPC-amphiphilic cyclodextrin systems. | With the aim of exploring relationships between the chemical structure and the physico-chemical properties of amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrin, a reappraisal of the obtaining of pure heptakis (2,3-di-O-hexanoyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CDC(6)) was undertaken. In this paper the chemical characterization of the newly synthe... |
10930463 | Specific sequence motif of 8-Cys repeats of TGF-beta binding proteins, LTBPs, creates a hydrophobic interaction surface for binding of small latent TGF-beta. | Transforming growth factor (TGF)-betas are secreted in large latent complexes consisting of TGF-beta, its N-terminal latency-associated peptide (LAP) propeptide, and latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP). LTBPs are required for secretion and subsequent deposition of TGF-beta into the extracellular matrix. TGF-beta1 as... |
10928966 | Structural factors that determine the ability of adenosine and related compounds to activate the cardiac ryanodine receptor. | The effects of adenosine and adenine on the gating of native sheep cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels were investigated. By examining the mechanisms underlying channel activation and by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) we have investigated the structural features of adenine-based ligands involv... |
10926856 | Thrombospondin 1 does not activate transforming growth factor beta1 in a chemically defined system or in smooth-muscle-cell cultures. | The cytokine transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) is secreted in a latent form that has no known biological activity. The conversion of latent TGF-beta1 into its biologically active 25 kDa form is thought to be an important step in the regulation of TGF-beta activity both in cell culture and in vivo. Thrombospo... |
10926821 | Signal-dependent membrane targeting by pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. | Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small protein modules of around 120 amino acids found in many proteins involved in cell signalling, cytoskeletal rearrangement and other processes. Although several different protein ligands have been proposed for PH domains, their only clearly demonstrated physiological function to... |
10933523 | Determination of cefaclor by selective sample enrichment/clean-up on silica gel bonded polyelectrolyte in ion-exchange column chromatography. | A silica gel-bound cationic polyelectrolyte, poly[N-chloranil N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylene diammonium dichloride], modified as ion-exchanger capable of molecular recognition of beta-lactam antibiotic, was used in solid phase extraction through column chromatography for a sample clean-up and enrichment of analyte from... |
10924795 | Adjuvant effects of sulfolipo-cyclodextrin in a squalane-in-water and water-in-mineral oil emulsions for BHV-1 vaccines in cattle. | The antibody and cell mediated immune responses induced by BHV-1 were analysed in cattle after vaccination and challenge exposure to the virulent strain LA of BHV-1. Animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) with inactivated virus vaccines against BHV-1 containing either a water in mineral oil adjuvant (W/O), a wate... |
10926542 | Involvement of cellular caveolae in bacterial entry into mast cells. | Caveolae are subcellular structures implicated in the import and transcytosis of macromolecules and in transmembrane signaling. To date, evidence for the existence of caveolae in hematopoietic cells has been ambiguous. Caveolae were detected in the microvilli and intracellular vesicles of cultured mouse bone marrow-der... |
10924114 | Protection of radical intermediates at the active site of adenosylcobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. | Adenosylcobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase catalyzes the interconversion of methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA via radical intermediates generated by substrate-induced homolysis of the coenzyme carbon-cobalt bond. From the structure of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase it is evident that the deeply buried active site ... |
10920394 | Bacterial type IV secretion: conjugation systems adapted to deliver effector molecules to host cells. | Several bacterial pathogens utilize conjugation machines to export effector molecules during infection. Such systems are members of the type IV or 'adapted conjugation' secretion family. The prototypical type IV system is the Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA transfer machine, which delivers oncogenic nucleoprotein parti... |
10908649 | A systematic exploration of the influence of the protein stability on amyloid fibril formation in vitro. | There are a number of diseases in which normally soluble proteins associate into regular, insoluble amyloid fibrils. The development of in vitro model systems in which detailed structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic characterization are feasible is of critical importance to our understanding of the amyloid fibril pheno... |
10908667 | Rapid mapping of protein functional epitopes by combinatorial alanine scanning. | A combinatorial alanine-scanning strategy was used to determine simultaneously the functional contributions of 19 side chains buried at the interface between human growth hormone and the extracellular domain of its receptor. A phage-displayed protein library was constructed in which the 19 side chains were preferential... |
10908673 | Speeding molecular recognition by using the folding funnel: the fly-casting mechanism. | Protein folding and binding are kindred processes. Many proteins in the cell are unfolded, so folding and function are coupled. This paper investigates how binding kinetics is influenced by the folding of a protein. We find that a relatively unstructured protein molecule can have a greater capture radius for a specific... |
10922046 | The role of antimicrobial peptides in animal defenses. | It is becoming clear that the cationic antimicrobial peptides are an important component of the innate defenses of all species of life. Such peptides can be constitutively expressed or induced by bacteria or their products. The best peptides have good activities vs. a broad range of bacterial strains, including antibio... |
10922042 | Bad bugs and beleaguered bladders: interplay between uropathogenic Escherichia coli and innate host defenses. | Strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the causative agents in the vast majority of all urinary tract infections. Upon entering the urinary tract, UPEC strains face a formidable array of host defenses, including the flow of urine and a panoply of antimicrobial factors. To gain an initial foothold within t... |
10922032 | Structure and function of pectic enzymes: virulence factors of plant pathogens. | The structure and function of Erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lysase C, a plant virulence factor, is reviewed to illustrate one mechanism of pathogenesis at the molecular level. Current investigative topics are discussed in this paper. |
10921974 | Urine D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol ratio in diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in newborn infants. | Infants treated in neonatal intensive care units suffer an increased risk for invasive candidiasis, but the diagnosis is sometimes difficult. D-arabinitol is a metabolite of most pathogenic Candida species. An elevated urine D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol (DA/LA) ratio is a sensitive sign of invasive candidiasis in children... |
10921879 | Mammalian LIN-7 PDZ proteins associate with beta-catenin at the cell-cell junctions of epithelia and neurons. | The heterotrimeric PDZ complex containing LIN-2, LIN-7 and LIN-10 is known to be involved in the organization of epithelial and neuronal junctions in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. We report here that mammalian LIN-7 PDZ proteins form a complex with cadherin and beta-catenin in epithelia and neurons. The associati... |
10921870 | Supramolecular structure of the Shigella type III secretion machinery: the needle part is changeable in length and essential for delivery of effectors. | We investigated the supramolecular structure of the SHIGELLA: type III secretion machinery including its major components. Our results indicated that the machinery was composed of needle and basal parts with respective lengths of 45.4 +/- 3.3 and 31.6 +/- 0.3 nm, and contained MxiD, MxiG, MxiJ and MxiH. spa47, encoding... |
10920035 | Characterization of the oligomeric states of insulin in self-assembly and amyloid fibril formation by mass spectrometry. | The self-assembly and aggregation of insulin molecules has been investigated by means of nanoflow electrospray mass spectrometry. Hexamers of insulin containing predominantly two, but up to four, Zn(2+) ions were observed in the gas phase when solutions at pH 4.0 were examined. At pH 3.3, in the absence of Zn(2+), dime... |
10920033 | Characterization and isolation of intermediates in beta-lactoglobulin heat aggregation at high pH. | The early stages of heat induced aggregation at 67.5 degrees C of beta-lactoglobulin were studied by combined static light scattering and size exclusion chromatography. At all conditions studied (pH 8.7 without salt and pH 6.7 with or without 60 mM NaCl) we observe metastable heat-modified dimers, trimers, and tetramer... |
10920027 | Immobilization of nucleic acids at solid surfaces: effect of oligonucleotide length on layer assembly. | This report investigates the effect of DNA length and the presence of an anchoring group on the assembly of presynthesized oligonucleotides at a gold surface. The work seeks to advance fundamental insight into issues that impact the structure and behavior of surface-immobilized DNA layers, as in, for instance, DNA micr... |
10920018 | Blockers of VacA provide insights into the structure of the pore. | The cytotoxic effects of the Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA, an important etiogenic factor in human gastric diseases, are due to its ability to form anion-selective pores in target cell membranes. We have studied the inhibition of channel activity by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and 4, 4'-diisoth... |
10919871 | Effect of 11-cis 13-demethylretinal on phototransduction in bleach-adapted rod and cone photoreceptors. | We used 11-cis 13-demethylretinal to examine the physiological consequences of retinal's noncovalent interaction with opsin in intact rod and cone photoreceptors during visual pigment regeneration. 11-Cis 13-demethylretinal is an analog of 11-cis retinal in which the 13 position methyl group has been removed. Biochemic... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.