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11987161 | Thermodynamic databases for proteins and protein-nucleic acid interactions. | Thermodynamic data regarding proteins and their interactions are important for understanding the mechanisms of protein folding, protein stability, and molecular recognition. Although there are several structural databases available for proteins and their complexes with other molecules, databases for experimental thermo... |
12018771 | Physiological and morphological characterization of organotypic cocultures of the chick forebrain area MNH and its main input area DMA/DMP. | Cocultures of the learning-relevant forebrain region mediorostral neostriatum and hyperstriatum ventrale (MNH) and its main glutamatergic input area nucleus dorsomedialis anterior thalami/posterior thalami were morphologically and physiologically characterized. Synaptic contacts of thalamic fibers were light- and elect... |
11993663 | Spectrophotometric characterization of diazacrown ethers having two carbodithioate groups. | Diazacrown ethers having two carbodithioate groups were synthesized, and their spectrophotometric properties were studied. Diammonium 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacycrooctadecane-N,N'-bis(carbodithioate) (DA18CC) and ammonium 1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacycropentadecane-N,N'-bis(carbodithioate) (DA15CC) reacted with most h... |
11993647 | Photo-responsive retention behavior of azobenzene-modified cyclodextrin stationary phase in micro-HPLC. | An azobenzene-modified gamma-cyclodextrin stationary phase (Az gamma-CDSP) was prepared and its photo- and temperature-responses for the retention of perylene and pentacene were investigated using a mixture of methanol and water as the mobile phase in micro-HPLC. The retention of perylene slightly increased, whereas th... |
11963898 | Selection of stabilizing additive for lipase immobilization on controlled pore silica by factorial design. | Candida rugosa lipase was covalently immobilized on silanized controlled pore silica (CPS) previously activated with glutaraldehyde in the presence of several additives to improve the performance of the immobilized form in long-term operation. Proteins (albumin and lecithin) and organic molecules (beta-cyclodextrin and... |
11963893 | Characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus firmus strain no. 37. | The enzyme cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase), EC 2.4.1.19, which produces cyclodextrins (CDs) from starch, was obtained from Bacillusfirmus strain no. 37 isolated from Brazilian soil and characterized in the soluble form using as substrate 100 g/L of maltodextrin in 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer, 5 mM CaCl2, and appro... |
11962251 | Phytosterols reduce in vitro metastatic ability of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. | Metastasis plays a major role in morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Differences in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer between societies suggest that environmental factors such as diet may play a role in the disease. Previous work from this laboratory suggests that dietary phytosterols (PS) may offer ... |
11933249 | Artificial molecular-level machines. | The concept of "machine" can be extended to the molecular level by designing supramolecular species capable of performing mechanical-like movements as a consequence of an appropriate energy supply. Molecular-level machines operate via electronic and nuclear rearrangements, for example, through some kind of chemical rea... |
11928221 | [Enantiomeric separation of drugs with capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrins]. | General strategies for the development of capillary electrophoretic methods for the enantiomeric separation of basic, acidic or neutral drugs have been developed. For all kinds of compounds the use of a buffer made of 100 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 3 or 5 with triethanolamine, containing cyclodextrin (CD) deriva... |
11915683 | [Myelinated nerve fibers associated with juxtapapillary haemorrhages]. | The myelinated nerve fibers (MNF) are o congenital anomaly characterized by the extension of the myelinisation process anterior from the lamina cribosa. The incidence of myelinated nerve fibers is 0.3-0.6% in patients and 0.54% in eyes from autopsies. Although these represent benign lesion, rarely are associated with r... |
11911785 | Ansatz for dynamical hierarchies. | Complex, robust functionalities can be generated naturally in at least two ways: by the assembly of structures and by the evolution of structures. This work is concerned with spontaneous formation of structures. We define the notion of dynamical hierarchies in natural systems and show the importance of this particular ... |
11895122 | 1- , 2-, and 3-dimensional polyphenylenes--from molecular wires to functionalised nanoparticles. | Polyphenylenes, ranging from one-dimensional wire-like conjugated polymers to two-dimensional disc-shaped polyaromatic hydrocarbons and three-dimensional sphere-like dendrimers, have been prepared using methods that allow synthetic control of their molecular and supramolecular order in order to optimise their physical,... |
11893069 | Weak interactions and molecular recognition in systems involving electron transfer proteins. | Electrostatic interactions and other weak interactions between amino acid side chains on protein surfaces play important roles in molecular recognition, and the mechanism of their intermolecular interactions has gained much interest. We established that charged peptides are useful for investigating the molecular recogn... |
11893065 | Bioorganic chemistry à la baguette: studies on molecular recognition in biological systems using rigid-rod molecules. | Initial studies using rigid-rod molecules or "baguettes" to address bioorganic topics of current scientific concern are reported. It is illustrated how transmembrane oligo(p-phenylene)s as representative model rods can be tuned to recognize lipid bilayer membranes either by their thickness or polarization. The construc... |
11857273 | Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolin-1-yloxy-3-carboxamide labeled proteins: bovine serum albumin and cytochrome c. | 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrrolin-1-yloxy-3-carboxamide (tempyo) labeled bovine serum albumin and cytochrome c at different pH values were prepared and investigated using Raman-resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of tempyo labeled proteins in the p... |
11842421 | Molecular recognition: identifying compounds and their targets. | As a result of gene sequencing and proteomic efforts, thousands of new genes and proteins are now available as potential drug targets. The milieu of these proteins is complex and interactive; thousands of proteins activate, inhibit, and control each other's actions. The effect of blocking or activating a protein in a c... |
11828428 | Synthesis and biological evaluation of nonylprodigiosin and macrocyclic prodigiosin analogues. | Nonylprodigiosin (4) and various of its analogues have been prepared by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of a well accessible pyrrolyl triflate with (hetero)aryl boronic acid derivatives bearing alkenyl side chains. The resulting alkenes or dienes were subjected to metathesis dimerization or ring-closing metathesis (RCM... |
11800012 | Aldolase-localization in cultured cells: cell-type and substrate-specific regulation of cytoskeletal associations. | The role of aldolase as a true F- and G-actin binding protein, including modulating actin polymerization, initiating bundling, and giving rise to supramolecular structures that emanate from actin fibrils, has been established using indirect immunofluorescence, permeabilization of XTH-2 cells and keratocytes, and microi... |
11799986 | Tissue as a self-organizing system with fractal dynamics. | Cell is a supramolecular dynamic network. Screening of tissue-specific cDNA library and results of Relative RT-PCR indicate that the relationship between genotype, (i.e., dynamic network of genes and their protein regulatory elements) and phenotype is non-bijective, and mendelian inheritance is a special case only. Thi... |
11797343 | [Transgenic loach produced by using sperm cells mediated by high molecules]. | The pCH110 plasmid DNA which has a marker gene LacZ controlled by a SV40 promoter was mixed with a kind of high molecule of dendrimers(cyclic core dendrimer) and then formed a DNA/dendrimer complex. Loach sperms were incubated with the DNA/dendrimer complex. Then in situ hybridization was used to detect whether the spe... |
11797317 | Enhancement of scleral macromolecular permeability with prostaglandins. | <h4>Purpose</h4>It is proposed that the sclera is a metabolically active and pharmacologically responsive tissue. These studies were undertaken to determine whether prostaglandin exposure can enhance scleral permeability to high-molecular-weight substances.<h4>Methods</h4>Topical prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was... |
11793431 | Evaluation of Stratus CS stat fluorimetric analyser for measurement of cardiac markers Troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin. | Myoglobin, CK-MB, and Troponin I (cTnI) are cardiac muscle necrosis markers that are useful for detecting acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The Stratus CS (Dade Behring, Inc.) is a discrete fluorimetric immunoassay analyser designed for the determination of the three cardiac markers from a single sample of whole blood... |
11779441 | Prevention and treatment of hepatitis B relapse after liver transplantation. | <h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate the effect of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) on hepatitis B(HB)-related diseases and the efficiency of prevention and treatment with lamivudine on recurrence of hepatitis B posttransplant in China.<h4>Methods</h4>Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) under veno-venous bypass w... |
11778691 | Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the EBV-producing cell line B95-8 (Saguinus oedipus, Platyrrhini) by chromosome sorting and painting. | The cell line B95-8 releases Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with high titres of transforming activity and is widely used as a model in cancer research and virology. There are, however, controversial reports about the species of origin, cell line stability and karyotype. To address these questions, B95-8 chromosomes were anal... |
11778690 | Cytogenetic comparison between Vietnamese sika deer and cattle: R-banded karyotypes and FISH mapping. | R-banded chromosomes of Vietnamese sika (VS) deer (Cervus nippon pseudaxis, 2N = 66), a threatened subspecies of sika deer endemic to Vietnam, are presented for the first time and were compared with bovine R-banded chromosomes to define a standard karyotype. Nineteen VS deer autosomes (CNP) were identified on the basis... |
11778689 | Meiotic chromosomes and stages of sex chromosome evolution in fish: zebrafish, platyfish and guppy. | We describe SC complements and results from comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of the zebrafish Danio rerio, the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus and the guppy Poecilia reticulata. The three fish species represent basic steps of sex chromosome differentiation: (1) the zebrafish wi... |
11778688 | Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a novel high-grade canine T-lymphoblastic lymphoma demonstrating co-expression of CD3 and CD79a cell markers. | We present the molecular cytogenetic analysis of a novel case of canine lymphoma, in a nine-year-old entire male collie cross retriever dog that presented with an enlarged prescapular lymph node. A diagnosis of high-grade lymphoblastic lymphoma was made by histological evaluation of fixed lymph node biopsy sections, wh... |
11778687 | Construction of comparative cytogenetic maps of the Chinese hamster to mouse, rat and human. | We constructed comparative cytogenetic maps of the Chinese hamster to mouse, rat and human by fluorescence in-situ hybridization using 36 cDNA clones of mouse, rat, Syrian hamster, Chinese hamster and human functional genes. In this study, 30 out of the 36 genes were newly mapped to Chinese hamster chromosomes. The chr... |
11778686 | Gene assignment in Ateles paniscus chamek (Platyrrhini, Primates). Allocation of 18 markers of human syntenic groups 1, 2, 7, 14, 15, 17 and 22. | Eighteen markers allocated to human syntenic groups 1, 2, 7, 14, 15, 17 and 22 were assigned to the chromosome complement of the neotropical primate Ateles paniscus chamek. These new allocations and existing gene charts in this species were compared with chromosome painting patterns produced by human chromosome probes ... |
11778685 | Correspondence of human chromosomes 9, 12, 15, 16, 19 and 20 with donkey chromosomes refines homology between horse and donkey karyotypes. | Whole chromosome paints for human (HSA) chromosomes 9, 12, 15 and 20 and arm-specific paints for HSA16p, 19p and 19q were applied on donkey metaphase spreads. All probes, except HSA19p, gave distinct hybridization signals on donkey chromosomes/chromosomal segments. The results show direct segmental homology between hum... |
11778684 | Syntenic assignment of sixteen genes from the long arm of human chromosome 10 to bovine chromosomes 26 and 28: refinement of the comparative map. | A comparative mapping approach was applied in order to refine the extent and the distribution of conserved segments between the long arm of human chromosome 10 (HSA10) and cattle chromosomes 26 and 28 (BTA26 and BTA28 respectively). Sixteen genes localised on the long arm of HSA10 were mapped using a bovine-hamster som... |
11778683 | Replication status as a possible marker for genomic instability in cells originating from genotypes with balanced rearrangements. | Most allelic pairs of DNA replicate synchronously during the S phase of the cell cycle. However, some genes frequently replicate asynchronously, i.e. genes on the X chromosome and imprinted genes. Earlier studies demonstrated an asynchronous pattern of replication in some precancerous and invasive squamous carcinoma of... |
11777382 | Macroporous copolymer matrix: 1. Effectiveness of different diisocyanate spacer arms to bind cyclodextrins. | Cross-linked macroporous beaded polymer matrices, with pendant hydroxyl groups, were synthesized by the copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using suspension polymerization methodology. Novel affinity chromatography matrices were synthesized using various diisocyanates as b... |
11770707 | Biomembrane model interaction and percutaneous absorption of papaverine through rat skin: effects of cyclodextrins as penetration enhancers. | The effects of different concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) and 2,6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CyD) on percutaneous absorption of papaverine hydrochloride (PAP) were investigated. Abdominal rat skin mounted in Franz cells was used for in vitro exper... |
11749223 | Synthesis and characterisation of a degradable poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer with biotinylated end groups. | Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-biotin (PLA-PEG-biotin) is a degradable polymer with protein resistant properties that can undergo rapid surface engineering in aqueous media to create biomimetic surfaces. Surface engineering of this polymer is dependent on biomolecular interactions between the biotin end group ... |
11749193 | Nanostructured materials designed for cell binding and transduction. | The surface-functionalization of shell cross-linked (SCK) nanoparticles with the oligomeric peptide sequence YGRKKRRQRRR, the protein transduction domain (PTD) from the human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein, is described, and the cell binding interactions these nanobioconjugates exhibit are demonstrated. A convergen... |
11749174 | Controllable erosion time and profile in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels by supramolecular structure of hydrolyzable polyrotaxane. | A series of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels cross-linked by a hydrolyzable polyrotaxane was prepared and the hydrolytic erosion behavior was characterized. The hydrolyzable polyrotaxane consisting of many alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) and a PEG chain capped with bulky end groups via ester linkages was used as a... |
11749173 | Enhanced accessibility of peptide substrate toward membrane-bound metalloexopeptidase by supramolecular structure of polyrotaxane. | A L-phenylalanlylglycylglycine- (H-L-PheGlyGly-) terminated polyrotaxane in which many alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) are threaded onto poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was synthesized to evaluate the effect of alpha-CD threading on the degradation of the terminal H-L-PheGlyGly by a membrane-bound metalloexopeptidase (amino... |
11766764 | Evidence that supramolecular Congo red is the sole ligation form of this dye for L chain lambda derived amyloid proteins. | The mechanism of Congo red binding to amyloid protein was studied in order to establish which of two structural dye versions present in water solutions--unimolecular and supramolecular--represent its actual ligation form. Immunoglobulin L chain lambda of amyloidogenic nature, expressed by Congo red binding and easy gel... |
11746920 | Quantitative screening and matrix effect studies of drug discovery compounds in monkey plasma using fast-gradient liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | A higher-throughput bioanalytical method based on fast-gradient (1 min run time) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for screen-type analyses of plasma samples from early drug discovery studies in support of exploratory pharmacodynamic studies. The H... |
11746903 | Evaluation of pyridoindoles, pyridylindoles and pyridylpyridoindoles as matrices for ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | In an effort to gain an understanding of the processes governing ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (UV-MALDI), direct comparison was made of the mass spectra of proteins, carbohydrates and synthetic polymers (polyethylene glycol, polyester and polyamide) by using pyridylindoles, pyridoindoles and ... |
11746813 | Supramolecular assemblies of carotenoids. | Carotenoid self-assemblies were formed by aqueous dilution of ethanolic solutions. The four 3',6'-epimers of capsanthol ((all-E,3R,5'R)-3,3',6'-trihydroxy-beta,kappa-carotene) give rise to right- and left-handed card-pack and head-to-tail types of self-assemblies detected by exciton couplets appearing in the CD spectra... |
11746801 | Synthesis, resolution, and investigation of the rotational interconversion process of atropisomeric 1,n-diaza[n]paracyclophanes using cyclodextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis. | A number of variously monosubstituted 1,n-diaza[n]paracyclophanes (n = 10-12), which show planar chirality and atropisomerism due to hindered rotation about single bonds, were synthesized via a classical route to analyze their stereodynamic properties. Racemic analytes with 10- and 11-membered bridges were resolved by ... |
11757330 | The malaria-infected red blood cell: structural and functional changes. | The asexual stage of malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium invade red blood cells of various species including humans. After parasite invasion, red blood cells progressively acquire a new set of properties and are converted into more typical, although still simpler, eukaryotic cells by the appearance of new structu... |
11732068 | Actin and actin-binding proteins in higher plants. | The actin cytoskeleton is a complex and dynamic structure that participates in diverse cellular events which contribute to plant morphogenesis and development. Plant actins and associated actin-binding proteins are encoded by large, differentially expressed gene families. The complexity of these gene families is though... |
11729756 | Integrated bioprocessing for plant cell cultures. | Plant cell suspension culture has become the focus of much attention as a tool for the production of secondary metabolites including paclitaxel, a well-known anticancer agent. Recently, it has also been regarded as one of the host systems for the production of recombinant proteins. In order to produce phytochemicals us... |
11721956 | A PCR-based assay to detect En/Spm-like transposon sequences in plants. | Degenerate primers deduced from the TPase region of plant En/Spm-like transposons allowed the amplification of similar sequences from various plant species including sugar beet, wheat and pea. These primers are efficient tools for the detection of this family of transposons in many plant genomes irrespective of sequenc... |
11721955 | Gross chromosome rearrangements are occurring in an accession of the grass Lolium rigidum. | Chromosome structure was analysed at mitosis in root tip meristems of eight genotypes of Lolium rigidum. FISH revealed changed positions in the rDNA sites indicating extensive chromosome rearrangements; indeed no two genotypes were the same. In one genotype, there were differences between cells within individual root t... |
11721954 | Arrangements of macro- and microchromosomes in chicken cells. | Arrangements of chromosome territories in nuclei of chicken fibroblasts and neurons were analysed employing multicolour chromosome painting, laser confocal scanning microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The chicken karyotype consists of 9 pairs of macrochromosomes and 30 pairs of microchromosomes. Altho... |
11721953 | Non-random radial higher-order chromatin arrangements in nuclei of diploid human cells. | A quantitative comparison of higher-order chromatin arrangements was performed in human cell types with three-dimensionally (3D) preserved, differently shaped nuclei. These cell types included flat-ellipsoid nuclei of diploid amniotic fluid cells and fibroblasts and spherical nuclei of B and T lymphocytes from peripher... |
11721952 | Genes, isochores and bands in human chromosomes 21 and 22. | The recently available DNA sequences from chromosomes 21 and 22 enabled us to define the relationships of different band types with isochores and with gene concentration and to compare these relationships with previous results. We showed that chromosomal bands appear as Giemsa or Reverse bands depending not on their ab... |
11721951 | Compositional mapping of chicken chromosomes and identification of the gene-richest regions. | 'Compositional chromosomal mapping', namely the assessment of the GC level of chromosomal bands, led to the identification, in the human chromosomes, of the GC-richest H3+ bands and of the GC-poorest L1+ bands, which were so called on the basis of the isochore family predominantly present in the bands. The isochore org... |
11710009 | Mannose functionalization of a sixth generation dendrimer. | Saccharide functionalization of fourth through sixth generation PAMAM dendrimers is reported. A widely applicable MALDI-TOF MS procedure for the analysis of the degree of dendrimer surface functionalization that is achieved in a reaction is also described. |
11710042 | Thermoresponsive artificial extracellular matrix for tissue engineering: hyaluronic acid bioconjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafts. | Thermoresponsive hyaluronans (HAs) were prepared by graft polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) on HA (number-averaged molecular weight, Ma, ca. 1.5 x 10(5) and 5.0 x 10(5)) using dithiocarbamate which is a kind of iniferter (initiator, transfer agent and terminator). The degree of dithiocarbamylation (DD) as... |
11710032 | Nonlinear viscoelasticity of concentrated solutions of aggrecan aggregate. | Aggrecan, the major cartilage proteoglycan, is the macromolecular species primarily involved in the resiliency of cartilage tissue. Most aggrecan molecules occur in cartilage extracellular matrix as aggregates. Each aggregate has a supramolecular structure, with many highly anionic, brushlike aggrecan subunits noncoval... |
11710013 | Synthesis of poly(2-methyl-3-hydroxyoctanoate) via anionic polymerization of alpha-methyl-beta-pentyl-beta-propiolactone. | Synthesis of an alpha,beta-alkyl branched polyester, i.e., poly(2-methyl-3-hydroxyoctanoate), has been accomplished via anionic polymerization of alpha-methyl-beta-pentyl-beta-propiolactone mediated by supramolecular complexes of potassium methoxide or potassium hydroxide, respectively. The structure of resulting polym... |
11687497 | How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. | The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a multigene family of over 25 secreted and cell surface enzymes that process or degrade numerous pericellular substrates. Their targets include other proteinases, proteinase inhibitors, clotting factors, chemotactic molecules, latent growth factors, growth factor-binding ... |
11675669 | High-sensitivity negative-ion laser spray for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. | A negative-ion mode laser spray interface for use in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been developed and investigated. The laser spray gave sensitivities that were orders of magnitude better than the negative-ion electrospray for all samples investigated with the exception of sugars. Fragment ions, H... |
11592485 | Transcriptional activity of an inversion split NOR in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). | The transcriptional activity of NORs in a new structural mutant of barley (PK-88-4) was studied based on the positive reaction of NORs of metaphase chromosomes with AgNO3 and the number and size of silver-stained nucleoli in somatic interphase cells and meiocytes. PK-88-4 proved to contain a pericentric inversion that ... |
11592484 | The 5S rDNA of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. edulis: sequence variation and chromosomal location. | The 5S ribosomal DNA of the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. edulis was amplified by PCR using contiguous primers. The most general 5S rDNA amplification pattern consisted of several products in both mussels. Two main PCR products of about 250 bp and 760 bp were cloned and sequenced, revealing two classes of 5S... |
11592483 | Histone H3 phosphorylation of mammalian chromosomes. | Inferences about the role and location of phosphorylated histone H3 are derived primarily from biochemical studies. A few direct observations at chromosome level have shown that phosphorylation begins at the site of heterochromatin and spreads throughout the chromosome. However, a comparative study of chromosomes of mo... |
11592482 | Efficient in-vitro transfer of a 60-Mb mammalian artificial chromosome into murine and hamster cells using cationic lipids and dendrimers. | Non-integrating artificial chromosomes represent a potentially promising approach to ex-vivo and in-vivo gene therapy applications. These large vectors require an efficient means for delivery to target cells. We have evaluated a panel of twenty-one commercially available transfection agents for their ability to mediate... |
11592481 | Additional locus of rDNA sequence specific to the X chromosome of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. | The molecular cytogenetic organization of 17S ribosomal RNA genes (17S rDNA), a part of the 45S rDNA repeat, was investigated on the chromosomes of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). The numbers of 17S rDNA loci visualized in female and male chromosomes were ten and nin... |
11592480 | Absence of Z-chromosome inactivation for five genes in male chickens. | In order to examine if Z-chromosome inactivation, which is analogous to X-chromosome inactivation in mammals, takes place in male birds having ZZ sex chromosomes, five Z-linked genes of chickens which are expressed in both sexes in certain tissues were selected: i.e. genes for growth hormone receptor, nicotinic acetylc... |
11592479 | An uncommon condition for a sex chromosome system in Characidae fish. Distribution and differentiation of the ZZ/ZW system in Triportheus. | Triportheus is a neotropical freshwater Characidae fish that has a well-differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. The W chromosome of this genus contains a large amount of heterochromatin and is smaller than the Z chromosome. This contrasts with other ZW fish systems where the W chromosome is larger in size due to in... |
11592478 | Chromosome evolution in the annual killifish genus Cynolebias and mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis. | Extensive chromosome variation involving Robertsonian and non-Robertsonian changes were proposed to explain chromosomal evolution within killifishes of the aplocheiloid group belonging to the order Cyprinodontiforms. In the present work we describe the karyotypes of four Cynolebias species and analyze chromosome change... |
11592477 | Species-specific evolution of repeated DNA sequences in great apes. | DNA sequencing reveals that the genomes of the human, gorilla and chimpanzee share more than 98% homology. Comparative chromosome painting and gene mapping have demonstrated that only a few rearrangements of a putative ancestral mammalian genome occurred during great ape and human evolution. However, interspecies repre... |
11579455 | Enantiomeric recognition of chiral 3,3-bridged-1,1'-binaphthol dimer toward alpha-phenylethylamine and alpha-amino acid ester. | The 1,1'-binaphthol-based dimers with p-phenylenebis(2-ethynyl) spacer, (+)-6 and (+)-2, were synthesized as chiral host compounds. (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescent titration were used to evaluate the enantiomeric recognition abilities of the chiral host dimers toward the guest amine 7 and alpha-amino acid ester 8. Th... |
11565107 | 5-Ethyl-2-mercaptothiazole as matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization of a broad spectrum of analytes in positive and negative ion mode. | A preliminary investigation of the use of 5-ethyl-2-mercaptothiazole as matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) of a broad spectrum of analytes is reported. The analytes studied are substance P, insulin, beta-cyclodextrin, triacylglycerols of coconut oil and polypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG 2000). I... |
11556737 | Interaction between hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and biphasic calcium phosphate after steam sterilisation: capillary gas chromatography studies. | The purpose of this study was to check the chemical stability of an injectable bone substitute (IBS) composed of a 50/50 w/w mixture of 2.92% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution in deionized water containing biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules (60% hydroxyapatite/40% beta-tricalcium phosphate w/w). Afte... |
11544369 | Hydrophobins: multipurpose proteins. | Class I and class II hydrophobins are small secreted fungal proteins that play a role in a broad range of processes in the growth and development of filamentous fungi. For instance, they are involved in the formation of aerial structures and in the attachment of hyphae to hydrophobic surfaces. The mechanisms by which h... |
11509871 | HBV core particles as a carrier for B cell/T cell epitopes. | In the middle 80s, recombinant hepatitis B virus cores (HBc) gave onset to icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs) as a basic class of non-infectious carriers of foreign immunological epitopes. The recombinant HBc particles were used to display immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B, C, and E virus, human rhinovirus, p... |
11506155 | A new mixed acetal-type substitution pattern for alpha-cyclodextrin. Preparation of hexakis (3-O-benzyl)- alpha-cyclodextrin. | alpha-CD was converted into hexakis[2,6-di-O-(methoxydimethyl)methyl]-alpha-CD by a proton-catalyzed reaction with 2-methoxypropene. Subsequent benzylation under Brimacombe conditions resulted in the fully protected compound, from which the acid-sensitive acetal groups were removed to obtain hexakis(3-O-benzyl)-alpha-c... |
11506161 | Bi-fluorescence-labeled maltoheptaoside: convenient substrate for continual assay of alpha-amylase. | A new maltoheptaose derivative was prepared as a useful substrate for continual assay of alpha-amylase. The maltoheptaoside has thionaphtyl group as a fluorescent energy donor at the reducing end and dansyl group as an acceptor group at the non-reducing end. Excitation of the thionaphthyl group at 290 nm results in emi... |
11502494 | Redo mitral surgery using the Estech endoclamp. | <h4>Background</h4>Redo-CABG surgery remains extremely hazardous in the presence of open bypass grafts. In our patients with mitral valve pathology with open and well-functioning bypass grafts, we explored alternative approaches in order to avoid damage to the grafts by extensive dissection and direct clamping of the a... |
11500916 | Caveolae and the organization of carbohydrate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle. | We have previously found that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis occur in separate "compartments" of the VSM cell. These compartments may result from spatial separation of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes (Lloyd and Hardin [1999] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 277:C1250-C1262). We have also found that an intact plasma memb... |
11474422 | BTS 72664-- a novel CNS drug with potential anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, and antimigraine properties. | BTS 72664, (R)-7-[1-(4-chlorophenoxy)]ethyl]-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-alpha)pyrimidine, was identified as a drug development candidate from a research program designed to discover novel, broad-spectrum, non-sedative anticonvulsant drugs. BTS 72664 antagonized bicuculline (BIC)- and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsi... |
11466790 | Selective self-ion/molecule reactions in both external and internal source ion trap mass spectrometers. | Novel results on the selective self-ion/molecule reactions (SSIMR) in both external and internal source ion trap mass spectrometers are demonstrated. Selective self-ion/molecule reaction product ions were produced between the oxygenated and nitrogenated crown ethers. For the oxygenated crown ethers, self-ion/molecule r... |
11456567 | Isolation and structure elucidation of Chlorofusin, a novel p53-MDM2 antagonist from a Fusarium sp. | Wild-type p53 plays a crucial role in the prevention of cancer. Since dysfunction of p53 can be caused by increased levels of the protein MDM2, small molecules which antagonize the interaction between these two proteins have potential in cancer therapy. The discovery and structure determination of a fungal metabolite, ... |
11456513 | Hydrogen-bonding interactions in the active sites of cytochrome P450cam and its site-directed mutants. | Resonance Raman spectroscopy is applied to the cyanide adducts of cytochrome P450cam and its T252A and D251N site-directed mutants, both in their substrate-free and camphor-bound forms, to probe active-site heme structure and, in particular, interactions of the FeCN fragment with potential active-site H-bond donors. In... |
11456512 | Charge hopping in DNA. | The efficiency of charge migration through stacked Watson-Crick base pairs is analyzed for coherent hole motion interrupted by localization on guanine (G) bases. Our analysis rests on recent experiments, which demonstrate the competition of hole hopping transitions between nearest neighbor G bases and a chemical reacti... |
11448043 | A tandem repetitive sequence located in the centromeric region of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) chromosomes. | Although Tail-family sequences are present in the subtelomeric region of Leymus racemosus, it became apparent in the present study that such sequences are also present in the centromeric region of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). These sequences hybridized to all chromosomes with various degrees of signal strength. FI... |
11448042 | Evolution of 5S rRNA gene families in Drosophila. | In Drosophila virilis, the three clusters of 5S rRNA genes on chromosome 5 comprise two different gene families (B and C), which differ profoundly in the organization of their spacer sequences. While C-type genes, which are found in two of the clusters, exhibit a true repetitive character, the B-type genes of the third... |
11448041 | Highly comprehensive karyotype analysis by a combination of spectral karyotyping (SKY), microdissection, and reverse painting (SKY-MD). | A technique disclosing most information about chromosome modifications is the technique of choice for the analysis of chromosome alterations. The newly developed method for microdissection of fluorescence-labeled chromosomes (FISH-MD) can improve upon this expectation in combination with 24-color spectral karyotyping (... |
11448040 | Heterogeneity of rDNA distribution and genome size in Silene spp. | Genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) contains about 700 species divided into 44 sections. According to recent taxonomic classification this genus also includes taxa previously classified in genera Lychnis and Melandrium. In this work, four Silene species belonging to different sections were studied: S. latifolia (syn. Mel... |
11448039 | Characterization of a mitotic mutant of durum wheat. | An ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mitotic mutant of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum; 2n = 4x = 28) was found. We have characterized the mutant to determine the mechanism of abnormal cell division and to test for temperature effects on abnormal cell division. Stained root-tip meristems and pollen mother cel... |
11448038 | Comparative genomic in situ hybridization (cGISH) analysis on plant chromosomes revealed by labelled Arabidopsis DNA. | A new approach for comparative cytogenetic banding analysis of plant chromosomes has been established. The comparative GISH (cGISH) technique is universally applicable to various complex genomes of Monocotyledonae (Triticum aestivum, Agropyron elongatum, Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare, Allium cepa, Muscari armenaticum... |
11448037 | Key word: chromosome. | The word chromosome has survived for over 100 years, because it succinctly defines what early cytologists were able to see with the most modern instrument of their time, a light microscope. It was introduced in a review that became widely known and was published almost simultaneously in German, English and French (Wald... |
11445996 | Molecular evolution: first enzymes, gases as substrates and genetic templates. | A fundamental problem in biology is the self-assembly of the first cells capable of growth and division under anoxic conditions on the Earth. Evolution proceeded by self-assembling and self-replicating cells that reproduced their own genetic information and also changed their genetic code over time. Was it also possibl... |
11440170 | Dendrimers: properties and applications. | Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules. The structure of these materials has a great impact on their physical and chemical properties. As a result of their unique behaviour dendrimers are suitable for a wide range of biomedical and industrial application... |
11436977 | Assembly properties and applications of a new exopolymeric compound excreted by Pseudoalteromonas antarctica NF3. | The self assembly properties and applications of an exopolymeric compound (EC) of a glycoprotein character excreted by a new gram-negative species, Pseudoalteromonas antarctica NF3, have been reviewed. This compound exhibited surface-active properties in water, with a concentration of 0.20 mg ml(-1) being the key value... |
11436206 | Direct measurement of HDL cholesterol: method eliminating apolipoprotein E-rich particles. | It has been reported that the existing direct method of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measures particles enriched with apolipoprotein E (apoE). The aim of our study was to investigate a new analytical protocol to directly measure HDL cholesterol that eliminates apoE-rich particles. The interactions of four... |
11434537 | 18-Crown-6-Tetracarboxylic acid as a chiral additive for the simultaneous separation of o-, m- and p-enantiomers of phenylalanine family by capillary electrophoresis. | Simultaneous separation of 12 o-, m- and p-positional enantiomers of tyrosine and fluorophenylalanine has been achieved by the use of optically active 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (18C6H4) as an additive in the background electrolyte. It has been investigated that the separation conditions such as pH, electroosmotic... |
11430025 | Lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reactions in aqueous media. | [figure: see text] Catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions catalyzed by lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonates in aqueous media have been realized for the first time using a chiral crown ether. |
11429904 | Molecular recognition studies on supramolecular systems. 32. Molecular recognition of dyes by organoselenium-bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s. | A series of novel bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s tethered with organoselenium linkers, i.e., 6,6'-(o-phenylene-diseleno)-bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin) (2), 6,6'-[2,2'-diselenobis(benzoyloxy)]-bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin) (3), and 6,6'-[2,2'-diselenobis[2-(benzoylamino)ethylamino]]-bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin) (4), were s... |
11429934 | Synthesis of nickel(II) triazolenaphthalocyanine and related macrocycles. | The synthesis of novel monbenzotriazolephthalocyanines (3-6), low-symmetry phthalocyanine analogues, is described for the first time using a novel and simple stepwise strategy which involves the use of substituted naphthalodinitriles 8-11 and appropriately substituted three-unit compounds such as 7. Belonging to the sa... |
11429854 | Stereoselective synthesis of secondary organozinc reagents and their reaction with heteroatomic electrophiles. | [figure: see text] Various trisubstituted olefins were converted to configurationally stable diorganozinc compounds with high diastereoselectivity. Their reaction with various electrophiles centered on tin, sulfur, bromine, and phosphorus provided the desired substitution products with retention of configuration. Novel... |
11429828 | Synthesis and functionalization of meso-aryl-substituted corroles. | The Rothemund condensation reaction of pyrrole and aldehydes is an extensively used route to meso-tetraarylporphyrins, but simple modifications of the reaction conditions allow the formation of different macrocycles other than the expected porphyrin. In the presence of an excess of pyrrole, this modified Rothemund appr... |
11429821 | Asymmetric transformation of N-nitrosamines by inclusion crystallization with optically active hosts. | Several N-nitrosopiperidines with chirality solely due to a hindered rotation about the N-N bond were resolved to enantiomers by inclusion crystallization with optically active diols (TADDOLs). The absolute configuration of the guest nitrosamines was deduced from the X-ray crystal structures of the inclusion complexes.... |
11429805 | Lamellar organic thin films through self-assembly and molecular recognition. | Molecular clips possessing U-shaped cavities have been functionalized on their convex side with long aliphatic tails. These molecules form dimers which self-assemble into malleable lamellar thin films. Upon addition of a guest (methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate), a 1:1 host-guest complex is formed, which prohibits clip dime... |
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