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11419796 | Target sites for SINE integration in Brassica genomes display nuclear matrix binding activity. | Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are ubiquitous components of complex animal and plant genomes. SINEs are believed to be important players in eukaryotic genome evolution. Studies on SINE integration sites have revealed non-random integration without strict nucleotide sequence requirements for the integration... |
11419795 | Transition between two forms of heterochromatin at plant subtelomeres. | The manner of packing of the terminal DNA loci into nucleosomes and higher order structures may strongly influence their functional interactions. Besides the structural flexibility of telomeric DNA sequences, conserved features of their chromatin including short nucleosome phasing (157 bp) and nucleosome sliding have b... |
11419794 | Karyotype relationships between distantly related marsupials from South America and Australia. | Reciprocal chromosome painting and G-banding were used to compare the karyotypes of three Australian marsupials (Sminthopsis crassicaudata, Macropus eugenii, Trichosurus vulpecula) and one South American marsupial (Monodelphis domestica). The results revealed only a limited number of rearrangements between these specie... |
11419793 | Chicken spindlin genes on W and Z chromosomes: transcriptional expression of both genes and dynamic behavior of spindlin in interphase and mitotic cells. | Contigs of genomic clones covering about 480 kb on the terminal region of the short arm of chicken W chromosome were obtained. By applying the exon trapping procedure on this whole region, a chicken homolog of spindlin gene, chSpin-W, was identified and subcloned. A counterpart gene, chSpin-Z, was found near the centro... |
11419792 | Asynchronous chromosome pairing in male meiosis of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). | Premeiotic and meiotic chromosome distribution was studied in rat testes suspensions by a triple-color fluorescent staining protocol which allows simultaneous visual inspection of two chromosomal targets highlighted by FISH together with immunostained SCP3 synaptonemal complex (SC) proteins which are marked by a third,... |
11419791 | The battle of the sexes after fertilization: behaviour of paternal and maternal chromosomes in the early mammalian embryo. | In the early diploid mammalian embryo, a father's chromosomes don't mix with the mother's until some time after fertilization. This topological genome separation is preserved up to the four-cell embryo stage and then gradually disappears. Unlike maternal DNA, sperm DNA arrives in an almost crystalline structure, heavil... |
11391874 | The molecular structure and electronic spectrum of the C@C60 endohedral complex: an ab initio study. | We performed ab initio quantum-chemical studies at the HF and B3LYP levels of theory to determine the geometry and electronic spectra of the C@C60 complex. The STO-3G and 6-31G(d) basis sets were employed. Two different types of stable conformations for the endohedral atom related to the centers of five- and six-member... |
11273602 | Chirality organization of ferrocenes bearing podand dipeptide chains: synthesis and structural characterization. | A variety of ferrocenes bearing podand dipeptide chains have been synthesized to form an ordered structure in both solid and solution states and have been investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR, CD, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Conformational enantiomerization through chirality organization was achieved by the intramole... |
11273601 | Dendrimeric organochalcogen catalysts for the activation of hydrogen peroxide: improved catalytic activity through statistical effects and cooperativity in successive generations. | Dendrimeric polyphenylsulfides, -selenides, and -tellurides are prepared in high yield using propyloxy spacers to connect the phenylchalcogeno groups to the dendrimeric core. The selenides and tellurides catalyze the oxidation of bromide with hydrogen peroxide to give positive bromine species that can be captured by cy... |
11381969 | A new method for extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from biofilms and activated sludge suitable for direct quantification of sorbed metals. | A method for extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) with a dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 ether was developed to determine levels of organic and inorganic contaminants sorbed to EPS. The crown ether selectively binds alkaline and alkaline earth metals but not heavy metals. The effectiveness of the extraction ... |
11381529 | Intrinsically disordered protein. | Proteins can exist in a trinity of structures: the ordered state, the molten globule, and the random coil. The five following examples suggest that native protein structure can correspond to any of the three states (not just the ordered state) and that protein function can arise from any of the three states and their t... |
11381523 | Steered molecular dynamics investigations of protein function. | Molecular recognition and mechanical properties of proteins govern molecular processes in the cell that can cause disease and can be targeted for drug design. Single molecule measurement techniques have greatly advanced knowledge but cannot resolve enough detail to be interpreted in terms of protein structure. We seek ... |
11372532 | Bioadhesion of supramolecular structures at supported planar bilayers as studied by the quartz crystal microbalance. | A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to study the adhesion behavior of supramolecular aggregates at supported planar bilayers (SPBs). The QCM technique is a suitable method to detect the adsorption of biomolecules at the quartz surface owing to its sensitivity for changes in mass and viscoelastic properties. To... |
11347970 | Structurally related nucleotides as selective agonists and antagonists at P2Y1 receptors. | The P2Y1 receptor responds to adenine nucleotides and is present in platelets, heart, smooth muscles prostate, ovary, and brain. A selective antagonist may be useful as an antithrombotic agent. We have analyzed the binding site of this G protein-coupled receptor using ligand design, site-directed mutagenesis, and homol... |
11341934 | Towards molecularly imprinted polymers selective to peptides and proteins. The epitope approach. | In this paper, we describe the epitope approach to molecular imprinting. The applicability of molecular imprinting, a method that allows the preparation of biomimetic compounds (artificial receptors and antibodies), is extended by this approach. Our approach makes it possible to obtain imprinted polymers selective to p... |
11338780 | 1H-NMR study of heavy metals complexation with hexakis(3,6-anhydro) tetrakis(2A,B,D,E-O-octyl) cyclomaltohexaose (OCT). | The selection of the cations bound by hexakis (3,6-anhydro) tetrakis (2A,B,D,E-O-octyl) cyclomatohexaose (OCT) was performed by thin layer chromatography. The three cations selected, UO(2)2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ were then studied by 1H-NMR. A 2:1 OCT/cation stoichiometry was identified in the cases of UO(2)2+ and Pb2+. While... |
11338776 | Is uranyl scavenger hexakis(3,6-anhydro) tetrakis(2A,B,D,E-O-octyl) cyclomaltohexaose (OCT) relevant with biosystems? | Hexakis(3,6-anhydro)tetrakis(2A,B,D,E-O-octyl) cyclomatohexaose (OCT) has been recently shown as a powerful cryptant for lead, mercury, and especially for uranyl. As previous results have been obtained in an organic solvent (methanol), a similar evaluation of OCT complex formation was achieved in aqueous medium and in ... |
11336344 | Correlation of the capacity factor in vesicular electrokinetic chromatography with the octanol:water partition coefficient for charged and neutral analytes. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The aim of this study was to develop a method based upon electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) using oppositely charged surfactant vesicles as a buffer modifier to estimate hydrophobicity (log P) for a range of neutral and charged compounds.<h4>Methods</h4>Vesicles were formed from cetyltrimethylammonium ... |
11336349 | Extravasation of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers across microvascular network endothelium. | <h4>Purpose</h4>To study the influence of a controlled incremental increase in size and molecular weight of a series of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on their extravasation across the microvascular network endothelium.<h4>Methods</h4>A series of PAMAM dendrimers (generations 0-4) were fluorescently labeled using ... |
11330400 | Chromosomal painting detects non-random chromosome arrangement in dasyurid marsupial sperm. | Chromosome arrangements have been studied in metaphase and interphase somatic cells and in sperm of many animal species, but there are conflicting data and it is still not clear whether chromosomes are arranged randomly or non-randomly. We used chromosome painting to reveal the positions of chromosomes in marsupial spe... |
11330399 | Trigenomic origin of the hexaploid Psammopyrum athericum (Triticeae: Poaceae) revealed by in-situ hybridization. | The genomic constitution of the hexaploid Psammopyrum athericum was studied with in-situ DNA hybridization using both genomic DNA and isolated cloned sequences as probes. A genomic probe from Thinopyrum bessarabicum (E genome) hybridized successfully to 14 chromosomes of Ps. athericum and a probe from Festucopsis serpe... |
11330398 | Satellite III sequences on 14p and their relevance to Robertsonian translocation formation. | Robertsonian translocations (ROBs) are the most common rearrangements in humans, contributing significantly to genetic imbalance, fetal wastage, mental retardation and birth defects. Rob(14q21q) and rob(13q14q), which are formed predominantly during female meiosis, comprise the majority (approximately 85%) of all ROBs.... |
11330397 | Identification and characterization of satellite III subfamilies to the acrocentric chromosomes. | The centromeres and the short arms of the five pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in humans are composed of tandemly ordered repetitive DNA. Previous studies have suggested that the exchanges between acrocentric chromosomes have resulted in concerted evolution of different DNA sequences in their short arms. The acrocentr... |
11330396 | Loss of the Y chromosomal PAR2-region in four familial cases of satellited Y chromosomes (Yqs). | Applying fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) of various Y chromosomal DNA probes to four familial cases of human Yqs, it was possible to demonstrate that the formation of Yqs must have arisen from a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of an acrocentric autosome and the heterochromatin of the long arm... |
11330395 | Karyotyping mouse chromosomes by multiplex-FISH (M-FISH). | Karyotyping of mouse chromosomes is a skillful art, which is laborious work even for experienced cytogeneticists. With the growing number of mouse models for human diseases, there is an increasing demand for automated mouse karyotyping systems. Here, such a karyotyping system for mouse chromosomes based on the multiple... |
11330394 | Identification of Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris chromosomes by physical mapping of repetitive DNA sequences. | We describe the characterisation and the chromosomal localisation of two repeated DNA sequences, named pLc30 (466 bp long, 64% AT residues) and pLc7 (408 bp long, 61% AT residues), isolated from lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris) genomic DNA. The pLc30 family is characterised by four internal repeats organised in a... |
11330393 | A model for chromosome structure during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. | The chromosome scaffold model in which loops of chromatin are attached to a central, coiled chromosome core (scaffold) is the current paradigm for chromosome structure. Here we present a modified version of the chromosome scaffold model to describe chromosome structure and behavior through the mitotic and meiotic cell ... |
11325031 | Preparation of drug delivery systems using supercritical fluid technology. | Small changes in temperature and pressure near the critical region induce dramatic changes in the density and solubility of supercritical fluids, thereby facilitating the use of environmentally benign agents such as CO2 for their solvent and antisolvent properties in processing a wide variety of materials. While superc... |
11321370 | Transcripts of the MHM region on the chicken Z chromosome accumulate as non-coding RNA in the nucleus of female cells adjacent to the DMRT1 locus. | The male hypermethylated (MHM) region, located near the middle of the short arm of the Z chromosome of chickens, consists of approximately 210 tandem repeats of a BamHI 2.2-kb sequence unit. Cytosines of the CpG dinucleotides of this region are extensively methylated on the two Z chromosomes in the male but much less m... |
11321369 | Chromosome healing by addition of telomeric repeats in wheat occurs during the first mitotic divisions of the sporophyte and is a gradual process. | Alien gametocidal chromosomes cause extensive chromosome breakage prior to S-phase in the first mitotic division of gametophytes lacking the alien chromosome. The broken chromosomes may be healed either by addition of telomeric repeats in the gametophyte or undergo fusions to form dicentric or translocation chromosomes... |
11321368 | Chromosomal distribution of reverse transcriptase-containing retroelements in two Triticeae species. | A large portion of plant and particularly cereal genomes consist of repetitive DNA families, many of which are likely to be or to have evolved from retroelements. Molecular evidence suggests that repeated DNA sequences, although perhaps originating as innocuous or 'selfish' elements, can have dramatic effects on genome... |
11321367 | Chiasma formation in Arabidopsis thaliana accession Wassileskija and in two meiotic mutants. | Meiotic chiasmata were analysed in metaphase I pollen mother cells (PMCs) of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and in two meiotic mutants. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA as probes was used to identify the five chromosome pairs. A wild-type chiasma frequency of 9.24 per cell was found, ... |
11321366 | Comparative chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses and phylogenetic relationships within common voles (Microtus, Arvicolidae). | The four species of common voles within the genus Microtus--M. kirgisorum, M. transcaspicus, M. arvalis, and M. rossiaemeridionalis--are so closely related that neither morphological features nor paleontological evidence allow clarification of their phylogeny. Analysis of vole karyotypes and mitochondrial DNA sequences... |
11321373 | Reciprocal chromosome painting between a New World primate, the woolly monkey, and humans. | We employed fluorescence-activated chromosome sorting (FACS) to construct chromosome paint sets for the woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha) and then FISH to reciprocally paint human and woolly monkey metaphases. Reciprocal chromosome painting between humans and the woolly monkey allowed us to assign subchromosomal hom... |
11321372 | The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family of proteins in mammals. | Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family proteins play critical roles in chromosome structural changes. SMC proteins are known to be involved in two major chromosome structural organization events required for mitotic segregation of chromosomes: mitotic chromosome condensation and sister chromatid cohesion. I... |
11296925 | Performances of new sugar-bearing poly(acrylamide) copolymers as DNA sieving matrices and capillary coatings for electrophoresis. | We have synthesized two new sugar monomers, allylamine of gluconic and lactobionic acid, by opening the corresponding lactone ring with allylamine. These monomers were copolymerized with acrylamide leading to formation of copolymers with a relative molecular mass of 288000 and 180000 Da, respectively. Double-stranded D... |
11296919 | Rapid capillary coating by epoxy-poly-(dimethylacrylamide): performance in capillary zone electrophoresis of protein and polystyrene carboxylate. | A fast and simple method for the internal coating of capillaries in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is that with epoxy-poly(dimethylacrylamide) (EPDMA). Duration of coating by that method is 30 min, compared with that of 24 h when using uncross-linked polyacrylamide (PA) under otherwise identical conditions. Under... |
11291205 | Interaction of tenoxicam with cyclodextrins and its influence on the in vitro percutaneous penetration of the drug. | Solid complexes of tenoxicam (TEN) with cyclodextrins (CDs), in a 1:1 molar ratio, were obtained by the coprecipitation method and characterized by x-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The binding capacity of the CDs with TEN was also demonstrated in aqueous solution and i... |
11289590 | Cationic polymer-mediated genetic transduction into cultured human chondrosarcoma-derived HCS-2/8 cells. | The usefulness of three types of cationic polymer, i.e., degraded polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer (SuperFect Transfection Reagent; Oiagen), linear polyethylenimine (PEI; ExGen 500; Euromedex), and branched PEI in gene delivery into chondrocytes was examined comparatively. A plasmid vector containing the Escherichia co... |
11288881 | Fluorescent and electroactive cyclic assemblies from perylene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide ligands and metal phosphane triflates. | Tetraaryloxy-substituted perylene tetracarboxylic acid bisimides with one or two 4-pyridyl receptor substituents at the imide functionality were synthesized and employed in transition metal directed self-assembly with Pd(II) and Pt(II) phosphane triflates. Upon mixing of the components, quantitative formation of functi... |
11288865 | Hierarchically imprinted sorbents. | A double imprinting methodology was developed to synthesize novel materials with hierarchical structures. On the microporous level (1-3 A), metal ions served as template. On the mesoporous level (diameters of 25-40 A), micellar structures produced by self-assembly of surfactant molecules were used as templates. Removal... |
11283303 | PDZ domains and the organization of supramolecular complexes. | PDZ domains are modular protein interaction domains that bind in a sequence-specific fashion to short C-terminal peptides or internal peptides that fold in a beta-finger. The diversity of PDZ binding specificities can be explained by variable amino acids lining the peptide-binding groove of the PDZ domain. Abundantly r... |
11280439 | In vivo absorption studies of insulin from an oral delivery system. | Alginate microspheres prepared by an emulsion-based process were loaded with insulin by a remote loading process. We observed that the time of exposure, pH of the remote loading medium, and beta-cyclodextrin complexation of insulin influenced drug loading. In vivo absorption studies of insulin from optimized microspher... |
11270328 | Topological diversity of artificial beta-barrels in water. | Rigid-rod beta-barrels are composed of interdigitating, short, amphiphilic peptide strands flanked by stabilizing rigid-rod "staves". We here report studies on the topological diversity of these recently devised artificial beta-barrels with regard to their length. For this purpose, homologous p-octiphenyl, p-sexiphenyl... |
11266448 | The role of dynamin and its binding partners in coated pit invagination and scission. | Plasma membrane clathrin-coated vesicles form after the directed assembly of clathrin and the adaptor complex, AP2, from the cytosol onto the membrane. In addition to these structural components, several other proteins have been implicated in clathrin-coated vesicle formation. These include the large molecular weight G... |
11266608 | TM Finder: a prediction program for transmembrane protein segments using a combination of hydrophobicity and nonpolar phase helicity scales. | Based on the principle of dual prediction by segment hydrophobicity and nonpolar phase helicity, in concert with imposed threshold values of these two parameters, we developed the automated prediction program TM Finder that can successfully locate most transmembrane (TM) segments in proteins. The program uses the resul... |
11266595 | The effect of substrate binding on the conformation and structural stability of Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. | The structure of Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK(HSV1)) is known at high resolution in complex with a series of ligands and exhibits important structural similarities to the nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase family, which are known to show large conformational changes upon binding of substrates. Th... |
11266590 | Crystal structure of an archaeal DNA sliding clamp: proliferating cell nuclear antigen from Pyrococcus furiosus. | The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is now recognized as one of the key proteins in DNA metabolic events because of its direct interactions with many proteins involved in important cellular processes. We have determined the crystal structure of PCNA from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus (pfuP... |
11261855 | The influence of external environment fluctuations on the signal formation of microbiosensors. | This part of theoretical analysis describes the fluctuations of output signal of microbiosensors when the number of accessible molecular recognition elements (enzymes, receptors, antibodies, etc.) fluctuated under external environmental influences. The mean electric current, dispersion correlating function, as well as ... |
11231127 | Self assembly of the transmembrane domain promotes signal transduction through the erythropoietin receptor. | Hematopoietic cytokine receptors, such as the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), are single membrane-spanning proteins. Signal transduction through EpoR is crucial for the formation of mature erythrocytes. Structural evidence shows that in the unliganded form EpoR exists as a preformed homodimer in an open scissor-like co... |
11226177 | A novel clathrin homolog that co-distributes with cytoskeletal components functions in the trans-Golgi network. | A clathrin homolog encoded on human chromosome 22 (CHC22) displays distinct biochemistry, distribution and function compared with conventional clathrin heavy chain (CHC17), encoded on chromosome 17. CHC22 protein is upregulated during myoblast differentiation into myotubes and is expressed at high levels in muscle and ... |
11209058 | A fibronectin fragment inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. | We have shown previously that a polymeric form of fibronectin is strongly antimetastatic when administered systemically to tumor-bearing mice. The polymeric fibronectin, sFN, is formed in vitro by treating soluble fibronectin with a 76-aa peptide, III1-C, which is derived from the first type III repeat in fibronectin. ... |
11209051 | Simultaneous observation of the O---O and Fe---O2 stretching modes in oxyhemoglobins. | Understanding of the chemical nature of the dioxygen moiety of oxyhemoglobin is crucial for elucidation of its physiological function. In the present work, direct Raman spectroscopic observation of both the FeO(2) and OO stretching modes unambiguously establishes the vibrational characteristics of the oxygen-bound heme... |
11209046 | A molecular logic gate. | We propose a scheme for molecule-based information processing by combining well-studied spectroscopic techniques and recent results from chemical dynamics. Specifically it is discussed how optical transitions in single molecules can be used to rapidly perform classical (Boolean) logical operations. In the proposed way,... |
11236563 | [A three component water-biopolymer-ions system: a model for molecular mechanisms of osmotic homeostasis]. | It is shown that water-ion homeostasis in a water-biopolymer-salt system is realized when proportion of the concentrations of the components changes in the definite range. The mechanism of instantaneous osmotic regulating reaction is discussed, which is based on the ability of the system to physicochemical redistributi... |
11233787 | Protection of boar spermatozoa from cold shock damage by 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | This study examined whether 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HBCD) could play a role in protecting spermatozoa from cold shock, as judged by motility parameters, intact acrosomes, and membrane integrity. Motility parameters were assessed by a computer-assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) system, and the acrosome a... |
11229810 | Signal regulation by family conspiracy. | The signal regulating proteins (SIRPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed transmembrane glycoproteins composed of two subgroups: SIRP alpha and SIRP beta, containing more than ten members. SIRP alpha has been shown to inhibit signalling through a variety of receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases and cytokine... |
11229820 | The presynaptic cytomatrix of brain synapses. | Synapses are principal sites for communication between neurons via chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic nerve terminals at the active zone, a restricted area of the cell membrane situated exactly opposite to the postsynaptic neurotransmitter reception apparatus. ... |
11229816 | Origin of organic molecules and biomolecular homochirality. | Theories about the origin of biomolecular homochirality, which seems to be a prerequisite for the creation of life, are discussed. First, possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources of organic molecules are outlined. Then, mechanisms for the formation of enantiomerically enriched compounds and for the amplificati... |
11229815 | The CD40/CD154 receptor/ligand dyad. | Until recently, the expression and primary function of the cell surface receptor CD40 and its ligand CD154 were considered restricted to B and T lymphocytes, and their interactions required for the thymus-dependent humoral response. However, current work from several groups challenges this view of the CD40/CD154 dyad a... |
11272825 | Monomolecular layer formation of ferritin molecules on an amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivative at the air/water interface. | A monomolecular layer of ferritin molecules was formed by adsorption from the subphase onto a Langmuir film of an amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) derivative at the air/water interface. The course of the adsorption of ferritin molecules was monitored by measuring the surface pressure and the resulting film was o... |
11272794 | Chromosome regions enriched in hyperacetylated histone H4 are preferred sites for endonuclease- and radiation-induced breakpoints. | Previously, we have shown that breakpoints induced by the endonucleases AluI, BamHI and DNase I in CHO chromosomes are localized mainly in G-light bands. Neutrons and gamma rays produced similar breakpoint clusters to endonucleases in most CHO chromosomes. Here we compare endonuclease- and radiation-induced breakpoint ... |
11272793 | Conservation of the rat X chromosome gene order in rodent species. | We constructed the comparative cytogenetic maps of X chromosomes in three rodent species, Indian spiny mouse (Mus platythrix), Syrian hamster and Chinese hamster, using 26 mouse cDNA clones. Twenty-six, 22 and 22 out of the 26 genes, which were mapped to human, mouse and rat X chromosomes in our previous study, were ne... |
11272792 | Mapping of 13 horse genes by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and somatic cell hybrid analysis. | We report fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and somatic cell hybrid mapping data for 13 different horse genes (ANP, CD2, CLU, CRISP3, CYP17, FGG, IL1RN, IL10, MMP13, PRM1, PTGS2, TNFA and TP53). Primers for PCR amplification of intronic or untranslated regions were designed from horse-specific DNA or mRNA seque... |
11272791 | Chromosomal location and evolution of a satellite DNA family in seven sturgeon species. | The Hind III satellite DNA family, isolated from the Acipenser naccarii genome, was used as a probe for fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) on the karyotype of seven sturgeon species, six belonging to the genus Acipenser and one to Huso. All species except one (A. sturio) exhibit from 8 to 80 chromosome hybridizat... |
11272789 | Karyotype comparison and phylogenetic relationships of Pipistrellus-like bats (Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera; Mammalia). | Detailed karyotype descriptions of 20 Pipistrellus-like bat species belonging to the family Vespertilionidae are presented. For the first time, chromosomal complements of four species, i.e. Pipistrellus stenopterus (2n = 32), P. javanicus (2n = 34), Hypsugo eisentrauti (2n = 42) and H. crassulus (2n = 30) are reported.... |
11272788 | Meiosis in primary trisomics of rye: considerations for models of chromosome pairing. | Meiotic chromosome pairing of primary trisomics of rye was analysed by electron microscopy in surface-spread prophase I nuclei and compared with light-microscopic observations of metaphase I cells. Despite the large-sized chromosomes of rye, prophase I trivalent frequencies were close to the two thirds expected on a si... |
11272790 | Cytogenetics of nine species of mediterranean blennies and additional evidence for an unusual multiple sex-chromosome system in Parablennius tentacularis (Perciformes, Blenniidae). | The chromosomal complements of nine species of Blenniidae (Aidablennius sphylnx, Blennius ocellaris, Lypophris adriaticus, L. pavo, L. trigloides, Parcablennius gattorugine, P. ponticus, P. sanguinolentus, P. tentacularis) from the Adriatic Sea were analysed with several banding methods and in-situ hybridization. In al... |
11177854 | Anchoring of organic molecules to a metal surface: HtBDC on Cu(110). | The interaction of largish molecules with metal surfaces has been studied by combining the imaging and manipulation capabilities of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). At the atomic scale, the STM results directly reveal that the adsorption of a largish organic molecule can induce a restructuring of a metal surfac... |
11165075 | Hygroscopicity, phase solubility and dissolution of various substituted sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrins (SBE) and danazol-SBE inclusion complexes. | The aim of the present work was to characterize hygroscopicity, phase solubility and dissolution properties for various substituted sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrins (SBEs) and danazol-SBE inclusion complexes. Moisture sorption was measured using a symmetric gravimetric analyzer. The complexes were characterized by po... |
11165828 | Penetration enhancement of ibuprofen from supersaturated solutions through human skin. | Systematic investigations on the diffusion of ibuprofen (IBU) from supersaturated solutions through human epidermis are reported. Significant flux enhancement was obtained from supersaturated solutions compared to the saturated solution. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), when used as an additive was found to be eff... |
11165818 | Cyclodextrin solubilization of benzodiazepines: formulation of midazolam nasal spray. | The cyclodextrin solubilization of three benzodiazepines, i.e. alprazolam, midazolam and triazolam, was investigated. The cyclodextrin solubilization was enhanced through ring-opening of the benzodiazepine rings and ionization of the ring-open forms. Additional enhancement was obtained through interaction of a water-so... |
11166413 | Continuous and highly variable rate controlled release of model drugs from sphingolipid-based complex high axial ratio microstructures. | Sphingolipids have been synthesized that contain as polar headgroups, model drugs ester-linked to the primary hydroxyl group of the ceramide core. These lipids, when allowed to self assemble below their chain-melting temperatures, either as single molecular species or in combination with other sphingolipid-derived amph... |
11168592 | Roles of partly unfolded conformations in macromolecular self-assembly. | From genes to cells there are many steps of hierarchical increments in building up complex frameworks that provide intricate networks of macromolecular interactions, through which cellular activities such as gene expression, signal processing, energy transduction and material conversion are dynamically organized and re... |
11170359 | Aufbau principle of complex open-framework structures of metal phosphates with different dimensionalities. | Open-framework metal phosphates occur as one-dimensional (1D) chains or ladders, two-dimensional (2D) layers, and complex three-dimensional (3D) structures. Zero-dimensional monomers have also been isolated recently. These materials are traditionally prepared by hydrothermal means, in the presence of organic amines, bu... |
11170357 | Structure-property relationships in dendritic encapsulation. | Several molecular structure-property relationships are presented and compared to illustrate our current understanding of macromolecular encapsulation using dendrimers. Specifically, the effect that dendrimer architectures have on encapsulating photoactive and redox-active units fixed at the molecular core is considered... |
11158673 | Capture of a single molecule in a nanocavity. | We describe a heptameric protein pore that has been engineered to accommodate two different cyclodextrin adapters simultaneously within the lumen of a transmembrane beta barrel. The volume between the adapters is a cavity of approximately 4400 cubic angstroms. Analysis of single-channel recordings reveals that individu... |
11158553 | Differential adsorption of nucleic acid bases: Relevance to the origin of life. | The adsorption of organic molecules onto the surfaces of inorganic solids has long been considered a process relevant to the origin of life. We have determined the equilibrium adsorption isotherms for the nucleic acid purine and pyrimidine bases dissolved in water on the surface of crystalline graphite. The markedly di... |
11158552 | Self-assembling amphiphilic molecules: Synthesis in simulated interstellar/precometary ices. | Interstellar gas and dust constitute the primary material from which the solar system formed. Near the end of the hot early phase of star and planet formation, volatile, less refractory materials were transported into the inner solar system as comets and interplanetary dust particles. Once the inner planets had suffici... |
11160430 | Membrane lipid rafts are necessary for the maintenance of the (alpha)7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in somatic spines of ciliary neurons. | Calcium-permeable neurotransmitter receptors are concentrated into structurally and biochemically isolated cellular compartments to localize calcium-mediated events during neurotransmission. The cytoplasmic membrane contains lipid microdomains called lipid rafts, which can gather into microscopically visible clusters, ... |
11161772 | Ontogeny of neurohormonal peptides, serotonin, and nitric oxide synthase in the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine system of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): an immunohistochemical analysis. | The ontogeny of the neurohormonal peptides vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neurotensin (NT), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), gastrin/cholecystokinin (GAS/CCK), and somatostatin (SOM) as well as serotonin (SER) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was investigated in the gastrointestinal tr... |
11169432 | Differential sensitivity to acute cholesterol lowering of activation mediated via the high-affinity IgE receptor and Thy-1 glycoprotein. | Lateral cross-linking of transmembrane high-affinity IgE receptors (FcepsilonRI) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Thy-1 glycoproteins on the surface of rat mast cells and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells triggers the signaling pathways that lead to the release of allergy mediators. Although both of these pat... |
11160835 | Mutant Caldesmon lacking cdc2 phosphorylation sites delays M-phase entry and inhibits cytokinesis. | Caldesmon is phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase during mitosis, resulting in the dissociation of caldesmon from microfilaments. To understand the physiological significance of phosphorylation, we generated a caldesmon mutant replacing all seven cdc2 phosphorylation sites with Ala, and examined effects of expression of the c... |
11160831 | Competition for microtubule-binding with dual expression of tau missense and splice isoforms. | How tau mutations lead to neurodegeneration is unknown but may be related to altered microtubule binding properties of mutant tau protein. The tendency for the mutations to cluster around the microtubule-binding domain of tau or to alter the ratios of those splice isoforms that affect binding supports the view that the... |
11164769 | In vivo, the direct and seizure-induced neuronal cytotoxicity of kainate and AMPA is modified by the non-competitive antagonist, GYKI 52466. | The 2,3-benzodiazepine GYKI 52466, administered intracerebrally or systemically, was assessed for its ability to protect against the neuronal death in the brain caused by intra-hippocampal injections of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonists, kainate and L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropio... |
11180564 | Bacterially produced apolipoprotein D binds progesterone and arachidonic acid, but not bilirubin or E-3M2H. | Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) constitutes an atypical lipoprotein in so far as it is predominantly found associated with HDL particles but belongs to the lipocalin structural family. Apart from its involvement in serum lipid transport it is abundant in various tissues, and differing physiological functions have been ascribed... |
11180563 | Study of hydrophobic interactions between acylated proteins and phospholipid bilayers using BIACORE. | Intracellular proteins of eukaryotic cells are frequently covalently modified by the addition of long chain fatty acids. These modifications are thought to allow otherwise soluble proteins to associate with membranes by lipid-lipid based hydrophobic interactions. The purpose of this work was to quantify the effect of a... |
11180562 | Predicting the kinetics of peptide-antibody interactions using a multivariate experimental design of sequence and chemical space. | A multivariate approach involving modifications in peptide sequence and chemical buffer medium was used as an attempt to predict the kinetics of peptide-antibody interactions. Using a BIACORE system the kinetic parameters of the interaction of Fab 57P with 18 peptide analogues of an epitope of tobacco mosaic virus prot... |
11180561 | Recognition between flexible protein molecules: induced and assisted folding. | This review focuses on a very important but little understood type of molecular recognition--the recognition between highly flexible molecular structures. The formation of a specific complex in this case is a dynamic process that can occur through sequential steps of mutual conformational adaptation. This allows modula... |
11180560 | Interactions of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with G- and F-actin predicted by Brownian dynamics. | Brownian dynamics (BD) was used to simulate the binding of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to G- and F-actin. High-resolution three-dimensional models (X-ray and homology built) of the proteins were used in the simulations. The electrostatic potential about each protein was predicted by solving the lin... |
11180559 | Recognition of DNA by VH and Fv domains of an IgG anti-poly(dC) antibody with a singly mutated VH domain. | Secondary antigen stimulation usually produces IgG antibodies with hypermutated V segments. Studying a strong secondary response to the polynucleotide antigen poly(dC), however, we found a highly selective IgG antibody (mAb dC7) with only one mutation (a conservative Leu to Ileu substitution) throughout the whole VH do... |
11180558 | Chiroptic recognition of potassium ion. | The high specificity in the recognition and specific binding of potassium ion by the depsipeptide valinomycin (VM) is exploited for its recognition and quantitation using both circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotation dispersion (ORD). The specific rotation of VM is comparably small (2.34 deg ml g(-1) cm(-1)), so th... |
11180557 | New hypothesis on amino acid complementarity and its evaluation on TGF-beta(2)-related peptides. | A new hypothesis of amino acid complementarity based on the genetic code periodicity is presented and evaluated on the peptide pairs composed of the fragments of TGF-beta(2) protein (YIGKTPKI and YYIGKTPKIE) and corresponding complementary peptides [IYPLC(Acm)GLY, IIYTLWGLYL, IIYPLC(Acm)GLYL and IIYTLC(Acm)GLYL]. The E... |
11173412 | Hydrogen bonding in two tetracyclic indole alkaloids. | 3-Acetyl-1,6,7,12b-tetrahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2(12H)-one, C17H16N2O2, consists of two symmetry-independent molecules and each forms a layered structure stabilized by N-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds. In 3-acetyl-6,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-4(12H)-one monohydrate, C17H14)N2O2.H2O, the structure is stabil... |
11173409 | A hydrogen-bonded adduct containing seven-component supramolecular aggregates. | The title compound is a salt, 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaazatricyclo[22.2.2.2(11,14)]triaconta-1(26),11(29),12,14(30),24,27-hexaene-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid-methanol (1/4/2), C24H42N6(4+).4C7H3N2(O6)(-).2CH4O, in which the cation lies across a centre of inversion and one of the two independent anions is positionally disordered ... |
11173403 | A 1:1:1 chloroform/tetrahydrofuran solvate of p-tert-butyltetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene. | The title compound, 7,13,21,27-tetra-tert-butyl-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[23.3.1.1(5,9).1(11,15).1(9,23)]ditriaconta-1(29),5,7,9(30),11(31),12,14,19(32),20,22,25,27-dodecaene-29,30,31,32-tetraol, crystallizes as a solvate with one molecule of chloroform and one molecule of tetrahydrofuran, C46H60O6.CHCl3).C4H8O. The calixar... |
11159413 | Tryptophan fluorescence of yeast actin resolved via conserved mutations. | Actin contains four tryptophan residues, W79, W86, W340, and W356, all located in subdomain 1 of the protein. Replacement of each of these residues with either tyrosine (W79Y and W356Y) or phenylalanine (W86F and W340F) generated viable proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which, when purified, allowed the a... |
11159407 | Origin of laurdan sensitivity to the vesicle-to-micelle transition of phospholipid-octylglucoside system: a time-resolved fluorescence study. | The fluorescent probe laurdan has been shown to be sensitive to the vesicle-to-micelle transition of phosphatidylcholine/octylglucoside (M. Paternostre, O. Meyer, C. Grabielle-Madelmont, S. Lesieur, and, Biophys. J. 69:2476-2488). On the other hand, a study on the photophysics of laurdan in organic solvents has shown t... |
11159400 | The enthalpy of acyl chain packing and the apparent water-accessible apolar surface area of phospholipids. | The energetics of phospholipid aggregation depend on the apparent water-accessible apolar surface area (ASAap), ordering effects of the chains, and headgroup interactions. We quantify the enthalpy and entropy of these interactions separately. For that purpose, the thermodynamics of micelle formation of lysophosphatidyl... |
11170372 | Comparison of the macromolecular MR contrast agents with ethylenediamine-core versus ammonia-core generation-6 polyamidoamine dendrimer. | Two novel macromolecular MRI contrast agents based upon generation-6 polyamidoamine dendrimers (G6) of presumed similar molecular size, but of different molecular weight, were compared in terms of their blood retention, tissue distribution, and renal excretion. Two G6s with either ammonia core (G6A) or with ethylenedia... |
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