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15220411 | The N-terminal 85 amino acids of the barley stripe mosaic virus gammab pathogenesis protein contain three zinc-binding motifs. | Barley stripe mosaic virus RNAgamma encodes gammab, a cysteine-rich protein that affects pathogenesis. Nine of the eleven cysteines are concentrated in two clusters, designated C1 (residues 1 to 23) and C2 (residues 60 to 85), that are arranged in zinc finger-like motifs. A basic motif (BM) rich in lysine and arginine ... |
15220408 | Sensitivity of NS3 serine proteases from hepatitis C virus genotypes 2 and 3 to the inhibitor BILN 2061. | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) displays a high degree of genetic variability. Six genotypes and more than 50 subtypes have been identified to date. In this report, kinetic profiles were determined for NS3 proteases of genotypes 1a, 1b, 2ac, 2b, and 3a, revealing no major differences in activity. In vitro sensitivity studies w... |
15220407 | Contribution of ebola virus glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and VP24 to budding of VP40 virus-like particles. | The VP40 matrix protein of Ebola virus buds from cells in the form of virus-like particles (VLPs) and plays a central role in virus assembly and budding. In this study, we utilized a functional budding assay and cotransfection experiments to examine the contributions of the glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP), and VP... |
15215118 | Dihydropteroate synthase mutations in Pneumocystis jiroveci can affect sulfamethoxazole resistance in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. | Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations in Pneumocystis jiroveci have been associated epidemiologically with resistance to sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Since P. jiroveci cannot be cultured, inherent drug resistance cannot be measured. This study explores the effects of these mutations in a tractable model organism, Saccha... |
15213166 | NadA diversity and carriage in Neisseria meningitidis. | NadA is a novel vaccine candidate recently identified in Neisseria meningitidis and involved in adhesion to host tissues. The nadA gene has been found in approximately 50% of the strains isolated from patients and in three of the four hypervirulent lineages of non-serogroup A strains. Here we investigated the presence ... |
15213124 | Identification of murine H2-Dd- and H2-Ab-restricted T-cell epitopes on a novel protective antigen, MPT51, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | Both CD4(+) type 1 helper T (Th1) cells and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play pivotal roles in protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Here, we identified Th1 and CTL epitopes on a novel protective antigen, MPT51, in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Mice were immunized with plasmid DNA encoding MPT51 b... |
15213113 | Zipper-like internalization of Dr-positive Escherichia coli by epithelial cells is preceded by an adhesin-induced mobilization of raft-associated molecules in the initial step of adhesion. | We undertook a study of the mechanism by which Dr-positive bacteria invade epithelial cells. Our findings show that Dr-positive bacteria enter via a zipper-like mechanism that is independent of the Dr-induced mobilization of F-actin and of the signaling molecules that control Dr-induced F-actin rearrangements. We also ... |
15212938 | CD44 variant isoforms associate with tetraspanins and EpCAM. | The metastasizing subline of the rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma BSp73 expresses a set of membrane molecules, the combination of which has not been detected on non-metastasizing tumor lines. Hence, it became of interest whether these molecules function independently or may associate and exert specialized functions as mem... |
15210354 | Molecular dynamics studies of the process of amyloid aggregation of peptide fragments of transthyretin. | It has been shown recently that an 11-residue peptide fragment of transthyretin, TTR(105-115), can form amyloid fibrils in vitro by adopting an extended beta-strand conformation. We used molecular dynamics simulations on systems of TTR(105-115) peptides, for a total length of about 5 micros, to explore the process of s... |
15207716 | Depletion of membrane cholesterol causes ligand-independent activation of Fas and apoptosis. | Fas is a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Fas-mediated apoptosis is an essential mechanism protecting against skin cancer. Activation of Fas by specific ligand or agonistic antibodies leads to the formation of a membrane associated death-inducing signalling complex comprising aggregates of Fas... |
15205435 | P pilus assembly motif necessary for activation of the CpxRA pathway by PapE in Escherichia coli. | P pilus biogenesis occurs via the highly conserved chaperone-usher pathway, and assembly is monitored by the CpxRA two-component signal transduction pathway. Structural pilus subunits consist of an N-terminal extension followed by an incomplete immunoglobulin-like fold that is missing a C-terminal seventh beta strand. ... |
15205407 | Regulation of the Ysa type III secretion system of Yersinia enterocolitica by YsaE/SycB and YsrS/YsrR. | Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1B contains two type III secretion systems (TTSSs), the plasmid-encoded Ysc-Yop system and the chromosomally encoded Ysa-Ysp system. Proteins secreted from the Ysa TTSS (Ysps) have only been detected in vitro when cells are cultured at 26 degrees C in a high-NaCl medium. However, the exac... |
15199151 | Characterization of mice lacking the tetraspanin superfamily member CD151. | The tetraspanin membrane protein CD151 is a broadly expressed molecule noted for its strong molecular associations with integrins, especially alpha3beta1, alpha6beta1, alpha7beta1, and alpha6beta4. In vitro functional studies have pointed to a role for CD151 in cell-cell adhesion, cell migration, platelet aggregation, ... |
15196153 | Improved efficacy and tolerability of retinoic acid in acne vulgaris: a new topical formulation with cyclodextrin complex psi. | <h4>Objectives</h4>Retinoic acid (RA) has long been used, both topically and systemically, for disorders of keratinization, acne and related disorders. In the present study, the efficacy and tolerability of topical RA prepared as a cyclodextrin beta complex (beta-CD) is investigated in 66 acne vulgaris patients.<h4>Met... |
15196638 | Drug carrier systems based on water-soluble cationic beta-cyclodextrin polymers. | This study was designed to synthesize, characterize and investigate the drug inclusion property of a series of novel cationic beta-cyclodextrin polymers (CPbetaCDs). Proposed water-soluble polymers were synthesized from beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), epichlorohydrin (EP) and choline chloride (CC) through a one-step polym... |
15196635 | 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin extracts 2-phenylphenol from silicone tubing. | Cyclodextrins are capable to solubilise lipophilic drugs via (partial) inclusion in their lipophilic cavity. This, however, also provides the potential for the extraction of small molecules from production materials. In the present study, the potency of the commercially available and used cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-... |
15194921 | Difficulty in dislodging in vivo fixed radiostrontium. | Many trials based on the basic phenomena of isotopic dilution, adsorption, ion exchange, chelation, etc., have been attempted for the decorporation of radiostrontium, particularly Sr, after its entry in the in vivo system. We have recently demonstrated a non-isotopic carrier effect of some common calcium salts (calcium... |
15193995 | 2,2'-Pyridylisatogen tosylate antagonizes P2Y1 receptor signaling without affecting nucleotide binding. | The effect of 2,2'-pyridylisatogen tosylate (PIT) on the human P2Y(1) receptor and on other recombinant P2Y receptors has been studied. We first examined the modulation by PIT of the agonist-induced accumulation of inositol phosphates. PIT blocked 2-methylthio-ADP (2-MeSADP)-induced accumulation of inositol phosphates ... |
15190581 | Synthesis, complete characterization, and enantioselective electrokinetic separation of functionalized ruthenium complex enantiomers. | Electrokinetic chromatography was employed to separate the enantiomers of two novel functionalized ruthenium(II) complexes with different polypyridyl coordination spheres. The use of anionic carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive resulted in maximum efficiency and resolution for the enantiomer ... |
15190580 | Chiral investigation of midodrine, a long-acting alpha-adrenergic stimulating agent. | Midodrine hydrochloride is a peripheral alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor agonist that induces venous and arterial vasoconstriction. Midodrine, after oral or intravenous administration, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis and releases deglymidodrine, a pharmacologically active metabolite. Midodrine and deglymidodrine have a chiral ca... |
15190579 | Enantioselective recognition of ammonium perchlorate salts by optically active monoaza-15-crown-5 ethers. | Chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 ethers (1, 2) were prepared from (R)-(-)-2-amino-1-butanol in high yield. The chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 ethers were purified directly as NaClO(4) complexes. Molecular recognition by these chiral monoaza-crown ethers of (R)- and (S)-PhEtHClO(4) and (R)- and (S)-NapEtHClO(4) as characterized by ... |
15190578 | Enantioselective transport and liquid-liquid extraction of amino acids as their potassium and sodium salts by optically active diaza-18-crown-6 ethers. | Complexation of amino acids as their sodium and potassium salts by optically active diaza crown ethers has been investigated in transport across bulk liquid membranes containing the carriers and in extraction experiments. The observed enantioselectivity was achieved by (noncovalent) steric and repulsive interactions be... |
15183353 | Lineshapes of spin exchange broadened EPR spectra. | An unexplained residual in the fits of theoretical and experimental spectra of exchange broadened nitroxide spin probes reported by Robinson et al. [J. Magn. Reson. 138 (1999) 199] is shown to be understood by inclusion of theoretically predicted lineshape changes into the fitting routine. These lineshape changes provi... |
15139034 | Macrocyclic vs. dendrimeric effect. A DFT study. | Macrocycles up to 15 members with different heteroatoms (N, O, and S) and dendrimeric functionalized branches were assembled, resulting in unique "collective" supramolecular hosts with several active sites for transition metal ions complexation. The nature of the interactions between these kinds of systems and metal io... |
15134938 | Effects of polymerization initiator complexation in methacrylated beta-cyclodextrin formulations. | <h4>Objectives</h4>Methacrylated beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) is a candidate dental monomer that can complex molecules within its hydrophobic cavity. This study determined the effects of complexation of polymerization initiators such as camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (4E) with MCD on the flexural stre... |
15120562 | Enhanced degradation of fluorene in soil slurry by Absidia cylindrospora and maltosyl-cyclodextrin. | This study investigates the fungal biodegradation of fluorene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in liquid medium and soil slurry. Fungal strains and cyclodextrins were used in order to degrade fluorene and optimize fluorene bioavailability and degradation in soil slurries. After a procedure of selection in solid and ... |
14967522 | Single molecular mechanics of a cholesterol-bearing pullulan nanogel at the hydrophobic interfaces. | The study of nanogel (hydrogel nanoparticle) has intensified in the last decade due to the enormous potential applications in biomimetics, biosensors, artificial muscles and drug delivery (or release) systems. Cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP) is composed of hydrophilic pullulan backbone and partly substituted hydroph... |
18007455 | Polymeric complexes of cornstarch and waxy cornstarch phosphates with milk casein and their performance as biodegradable materials. | Complexes of phosphated cornstarch and waxy cornstarch with casein were prepared and characterised. They were prepared from casein in defatted milk and corn and waxy corn starches phosphated to degree of substitution values (DS) of 0.0637 and 0.0968, respectively. The components were blended in starch to casein ratios ... |
15229226 | Bax does not directly participate in the Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition of isolated mitochondria. | The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and Bax have both been proposed to be involved in the release of pro-apoptotic factors from mitochondria in the "intrinsic" pathway of apoptosis. The permeability transition pore is widely thought to be a supramolecular complex including or interacting with Bax. Given the ... |
15229286 | Ligand-dependent and -independent transforming growth factor-beta receptor recycling regulated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and Rab11. | Proteins in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family recognize transmembrane serine/threonine kinases known as type I and type II receptors. Binding of TGF-beta to receptors results in receptor down-regulation and signaling. Whereas previous work has focused on activities controlling TGF-beta signaling, mo... |
15229281 | PrP(C) association with lipid rafts in the early secretory pathway stabilizes its cellular conformation. | The pathological conversion of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into the scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) isoform appears to have a central role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. However, the identity of the intracellular compartment where this conversion occurs is unknown. Several lines o... |
15306922 | Hierarchical self-assembly of noncovalent amphiphiles. | Amphiphiles defined by noncovalent inclusion complexes between an alkylated beta-cyclodextrin and PEG-conjugated guests assemble into higher-ordered structures whose thermodynamic stability reflects that of the defining intermolecular interactions. |
15237188 | Triphenylphosphine oxide-1-naphthoic acid (1/1). | In the title compound, C18H15OP.C11H8O2, co-crystallization of triphenylphosphine oxide with 1-naphthoic acid yields a supramolecular structure held together by one O-H...O and three C-H...O hydrogen bonds. The O-H...O hydrogen bond [O...O = 2.592 (2) A] has little effect on the O=P bond distance. |
15237185 | Difurazano[3,4-b:3',4'-f]-4,5-diaza-1,8-dioxacyclododecine and an acyclic analogue. | The novel title furazan-containing macrocycle (systematic name: 6,9,14,17-tetraoxa-2,3,5,7,16,18-hexaazatricyclo[13.3.0.0(4,8)]octadeca-4,7,15,18-tetraene), C8H10N6O4, (I), is the first macrocycle where the furazan rings are connected via a hydrazine group. In spite of the strain in the 12-membered macrocycle of (I), t... |
15229615 | Cohesin relocation from sites of chromosomal loading to places of convergent transcription. | Sister chromatids, the products of eukaryotic DNA replication, are held together by the chromosomal cohesin complex after their synthesis. This allows the spindle in mitosis to recognize pairs of replication products for segregation into opposite directions. Cohesin forms large protein rings that may bind DNA strands b... |
15254640 | Synthesis and cholera toxin binding properties of multivalent GM1 mimics. | Dendrimers based on the 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)-benzoic acid branching unit were used to attach multiple copies of a GM1 mimic for inhibition of cholera toxin binding. Systems up to octavalent were synthesized along with relevant reference compounds that contained in one case the ligand in a monovalent format and in ano... |
15226412 | One recognition sequence, seven restriction enzymes, five reaction mechanisms. | The diversity of reaction mechanisms employed by Type II restriction enzymes was investigated by analysing the reactions of seven endonucleases at the same DNA sequence. NarI, KasI, Mly113I, SfoI, EgeI, EheI and BbeI cleave DNA at several different positions in the sequence 5'-GGCGCC-3'. Their reactions on plasmids wit... |
15278175 | Preparation and structural characterisation of methoxybis(trimethylsilyl)silyl potassium and its condensation product. | Depending on the conditions the reaction of tris(trimethylsilyl)methoxysilane (1) with potassium tert-butoxide either in benzene and in the presence of 18-crown-6 or in THF gives either the crown ether adduct of potassium-methoxybis(trimethylsilyl)silane (2), or 2-methoxytetrakis(trimethylsilyl)disilanyl potassium (3). |
15254625 | Enzymatic synthesis of complex glycosaminotrioses and study of their molecular recognition by hevein domains. | Hevein, a protein found in Hevea brasiliensis, has a CRD domain, which is known to bind chitin and GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides. By using NMR and molecular modeling as major tools we have demonstrated that trisaccharides containing GalNAc and ManNAc residues are also recognized by hevein domains. Thus far unknown... |
15226510 | An endoplasmic reticulum trafficking signal prevents surface expression of a voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ channel splice variant. | Protein delivery to restricted plasma membrane domains is exquisitely regulated at different stages of the cell trafficking machinery. Traffic control involves the recognition of export/retention/retrieval signals in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi complex that will determine protein fate. A splice variant (SV), S... |
15219229 | Increased fluidity and oxidation of malarial lipoproteins: relation with severity and induction of endothelial expression of adhesion molecules. | <h4>Introduction</h4>Oxidative stress has been demonstrated in malaria. The potential oxidative modification of lipoproteins derived from malaria patients was studied. These oxidized lipids may have role in pathogenesis of malaria.<h4>Method</h4>The plasma lipid profile and existence of oxidized forms of very low densi... |
15220483 | Desmin-related cardiomyopathy in transgenic mice: a cardiac amyloidosis. | An R120G missense mutation in the small heat shock protein alpha-B-crystallin (CryAB(R120G)) causes desmin-related cardiomyopathy (DRM). DRM is characterized by the formation of aggregates containing CryAB and desmin, and it can be recapitulated in transgenic mice by cardiac-specific expression of the mutant protein. I... |
15220481 | Preferred peptide backbone conformations in the unfolded state revealed by the structure analysis of alanine-based (AXA) tripeptides in aqueous solution. | We have combined Fourier transform IR, polarized Raman spectroscopy, and vibrational CD measurements of the amide I' band profile of alanyl-X-alanine tripeptides in (2)H(2)O to obtain the dihedral angles of their central amino acid residue. X represents glycine, valine, methionine, histidine, serine, proline, lysine, l... |
15220469 | RNase P ribozyme inhibits cytomegalovirus replication by blocking the expression of viral capsid proteins. | By linking a guide sequence to the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P (M1 RNA), we constructed a functional ribozyme (M1GS RNA) that targets the overlapping mRNA region of two human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) capsid proteins, the capsid scaffolding protein (CSP) and assemblin, which are essential for viral capsid formation. ... |
15284909 | Three-dimensional solution NMR spectroscopy of complex structures and mixtures. | This paper reviews the non-biological applications of three dimensional NMR (3D-NMR) spectroscopy methodologies for studying chemical structures in polymer science, dendrimer research, organometallic chemistry, organosilicon chemistry, and mixtures of small organic molecules. Four methodologies for solving chemical str... |
15215242 | Enrichment of endoplasmic reticulum with cholesterol inhibits sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase-2b activity in parallel with increased order of membrane lipids: implications for depletion of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores and apoptosis in cholesterol-loaded macrophages. | Macrophages in advanced atherosclerotic lesions accumulate large amounts of unesterified, or "free," cholesterol (FC). FC accumulation induces macrophage apoptosis, which likely contributes to plaque destabilization. Apoptosis is triggered by the enrichment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with FC, resulting in deplet... |
15212694 | Synopsis of the 6th Walker's Cay Colloquium on Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy. | The 6th annual Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy Colloquium at Walker's Cay was held under the auspices of the Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute on March 10-13, 2004. The Colloquium consisted of a select group of 34 scientists representing academia, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. The main goal of this gathe... |
15221027 | DNA display I. Sequence-encoded routing of DNA populations. | Recently reported technologies for DNA-directed organic synthesis and for DNA computing rely on routing DNA populations through complex networks. The reduction of these ideas to practice has been limited by a lack of practical experimental tools. Here we describe a modular design for DNA routing genes, and routing mach... |
15237150 | Iodo[phthalocyaninato(2-)]manganese(III) bridged by a neutral I2 molecule. | The title manganese(III) phthalocyaninate (Pc) complex, viz. iodo[phthalocyaninato(2-)]manganese(III) hemi(diiodine), [Mn(C32H16N8)I].0.5I2 or (MnPcI)2.I2, was obtained from the reaction of pure powdered manganese with phthalonitrile under oxidation conditions of iodine vapour. The phthalocyaninato(2-) residue is not s... |
15210692 | Molecular determinants for cyclic nucleotide binding to the regulatory domains of phosphodiesterase 2A. | Binding of cGMP to the GAF-B domain of phosphodiesterase 2A allosterically activates catalytic activity. We report here a series of mutagenesis studies on the GAF-B domain of PDE2A that support a novel mechanism for molecular recognition of cGMP. Alanine mutations of Phe-438, Asp-439, and Thr-488, amino acids that inte... |
15210840 | Cyclodextrins enhance recombinant phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase activity. | Inositol lipid kinases have been studied extensively in both plant and animal systems. However, major limitations for in vitro studies of recombinant lipid kinases are the low specific activity and instability of the purified proteins. Our goal was to determine if cyclodextrins would provide an effective substrate deli... |
15210968 | Biochemical and functional analysis of a 9-nt RNA sequence that affects translation efficiency in eukaryotic cells. | We previously identified an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within the 5' leader of the mRNA encoding the Gtx homeodomain protein and showed that shorter nonoverlapping segments of this 5' leader could enhance the translation of a second cistron in a dicistronic mRNA. One of these segments was 9 nt in length, and w... |
15210959 | ATP-binding cassette transporters G1 and G4 mediate cellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoproteins. | The mechanisms responsible for the inverse relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are poorly understood. The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates efflux of cellular cholesterol to lipid-poor apolipoproteins but not to HDL particles th... |
15210939 | A fluorescence resonance energy transfer-derived structure of a quantum dot-protein bioconjugate nanoassembly. | The first generation of luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based hybrid inorganic biomaterials and sensors is now being developed. It is crucial to understand how bioreceptors, especially proteins, interact with these inorganic nanomaterials. As a model system for study, we use Rhodamine red-labeled engineered ... |
15208329 | Significance of respirasomes for the assembly/stability of human respiratory chain complex I. | We showed that the human respiratory chain is organized in supramolecular assemblies of respiratory chain complexes, the respirasomes. The mitochondrial complexes I (NADH dehydrogenase) and III (cytochrome c reductase) form a stable core respirasome to which complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) can also bind. An analysis ... |
15208404 | An enantioselective, modular, and general route to the cytochalasins: synthesis of L-696,474 and cytochalasin B. | The cytochalasins are structurally complex natural products with a broad range of apparently unrelated effects in different biological systems. Different members of the family have variously demonstrated inhibitory activity toward the formation of actin filaments, toward the functioning of HIV protease, and toward the ... |
15290348 | Producing transglutaminases by molecular farming in plants: minireview article. | Transglutaminases have a range of catalytic activities, most of which concern the post-translational modification of proteins. The most important of these activities, both in terms of biology and biotechnology, is the cross-linking of proteins into large supramolecular networks. The widespread use of transglutaminases ... |
15278110 | Crystal-to-crystal transformations of a microporous metal-organic laminated framework triggered by guest exchange, dehydration and readsorption. | Single crystals of a neutral, microporous, laminated metal-organic framework (MOF)[Fe(pydc)(4,4'-bipy)]xH(2)O (1xH(2)O)(H(2)pydc = 2,5-dicarboxypyridine, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) were generated by hydrothermal synthesis, and its crystal structure was determined. 1xH(2)O retains the framework robustness to ca. 370 d... |
15263941 | Synthesis of novel dendrimer-like star block copolymers with definite numbers of arms by combination of ROP and ATRP. | Well-defined biodegradable dendrimer-like star block copolymers with up to 24 arms were successfully synthesized by combination of living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on the basis of dendritic benzyl alcohols. |
15263970 | Dianionic and trianionic macrocycles in cobalt N-confused porphyrin complexes. | We report the syntheses of cobalt N-confused porphyrins; this work completes the series of the late first-row transition metals that have been incorporated into the core of N-confused porphyrin, and in these compounds the macrocycles can act as either a -2 or -3 anion. |
15263944 | Self-immolative dendrimer biodegradability by multi-enzymatic triggering. | New self-immolative dendritic molecules have been designed and synthesized. The dendrons are built with a multi-enzymatic triggering mechanism, which initiates their biodegradation through a self-immolative chain fragmentation to release a reporter group from the focal point. The dendritic backbone is constructed from ... |
15208712 | A specific interface between integrin transmembrane helices and affinity for ligand. | Conformational communication across the plasma membrane between the extracellular and intracellular domains of integrins is beginning to be defined by structural work on both domains. However, the role of the alpha and beta subunit transmembrane domains and the nature of signal transmission through these domains have b... |
15199181 | Identification of a domain within the multifunctional Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin that covalently cross-links actin. | The Gram-negative pathogen Vibrio cholerae causes diarrheal disease through the export of enterotoxins. The V. cholerae RTX toxin was previously identified and characterized by its ability to round human laryngeal epithelial (HEp-2) cells. Further investigation determined that cell rounding is caused by the depolymeriz... |
15199169 | Sensing complex regulatory networks by conformationally controlled hairpin ribozymes. | The hairpin ribozyme catalyses RNA cleavage by a mechanism utilizing its conformational flexibility during the docking of two independently folded internal loop domains A and B. Based on this mechanism, we designed hairpin ribozyme variants that can be induced or repressed by external effector oligonucleotides influenc... |
15199168 | MUTYH prevents OGG1 or APEX1 from inappropriately processing its substrate or reaction product with its C-terminal domain. | MutY homolog (MUTYH) excises adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA, thus preventing occurrence of G:C to T:A transversion. In cell-free extract prepared from the thymocytes of wild type but not MUTYH-null mice, adenine opposite 8-oxoG in DNA was excised by MUTYH, however, the generated apurinic (AP) site opposi... |
15249940 | Crystal engineering of a versatile building block toward the design of novel inorganic-organic coordination architectures. | Six novel inorganic-organic coordination supramolecular networks based on a versatile linking unit 4-pyridylthioacetate (pyta) and inorganic Co(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II) salts have been prepared in water medium and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Reaction of ... |
15196318 | Age of blood: does it make a difference? | During the past 20 years, the perceived value of blood transfusions has changed as it has become appreciated that transfusions are not without risk. Red blood cell transfusion has been associated with disease transmission and immunosuppression for some time. More recently, proinflammatory consequences of red blood cell... |
15197275 | Anchored periplasmic expression, a versatile technology for the isolation of high-affinity antibodies from Escherichia coli-expressed libraries. | Anchored periplasmic expression (APEx) is a technology for the isolation of ligand-binding proteins from combinatorial libraries anchored on the periplasmic face of the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. After disruption of the outer membrane by Tris-EDTA-lysozyme, the inner-membrane-anchored proteins readily bind flu... |
15237163 | 4,4,6,6-Tetrachloro-2,2-(ethylenedioxydi-o-phenylenediimino)-2lambda5,4lambda5,6lambda5-cyclotriphosphazene. | The title ligand, C14H14Cl4N5O2P3, is a cyclophosphazene lariat (PNP pivot) ether with a spiro-cyclic 11-membered macrocyclic ring containing two ether O and two N atoms; the phosphazene ring is nearly planar. The macrocyclic ring contains a four-centred (trifurcate) N-H...O/N-H...N hydrogen bond, and the relative inne... |
15237141 | Bis[tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)] dichlorobis[mu-(1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonato(4-)]diruthenium(II,III)(Ru-Ru) chloride trihydrate. | In the title compound, [Co(C2H8N2)3]2[Ru2(C2H4O7P2)2Cl2]Cl.3H2O, the building unit contains two crystallographically independent dinuclear [Ru2(hedp)2Cl2]5- anions, where hedp [viz. (1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate] serves as a bis-chelating bridging ligand, two types of [Co(en)3]3+ cations, one uncoordinated Cl- ani... |
15263927 | Supramolecular assembly of ligand-directed triangular [Cu(II)3Cl] clusters with spin frustration and spin-chain behaviour. | Triangular [Cu(II)3Cl] clusters, containing a chloro ligand in an unprecedented trigonal planar coordination mode, are assembled in a 3-D array by the combination of coordinative and hydrogen-bonded interactions, which result in magnetically isolated 1-D chains exhibiting a combination of spin frustration and spin-chai... |
15263934 | Three-dimensional metal-organic framework with (3,4)-connected net, synthesized from an ionic liquid medium. | A new 3D metal-organic framework with a (3,4)-connected network topology is synthesized from an ionic liquid medium; its highly symmetrical structure comprises doubly interpenetrating nets with the cubic-C3N4 topology. |
15192147 | A unified approach to polyene macrolides: synthesis of candidin and nystatin polyols. | Polyene macrolide antibiotics are naturally occurring antifungal agents. Members of this class include amphotericin B, which has been used widely to treat systemic fungal infections. A general synthetic strategy has been devised to prepare polyol chains associated with the polyene macrolides. Cyanohydrin acetonide alky... |
15192143 | Formation of a central supramolecular activation cluster is not required for activation of naive CD8+ T cells. | Although both naive and effector T lymphocytes interact with antigen-expressing cells, the functional outcome of these interactions is distinct. Naive CD8(+) T cells are activated to proliferate and differentiate into effector cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL), whereas CTL interact with specific targets, such as tumor cell... |
15263957 | Synthesis and structural characterisation of the first bis(bora)calixarene: a selective, bidentate, fluorescent fluoride sensor. | A bis(bora)calixarene 3, the first lower-rim boron derivatised calixarene to be structurally characterised, is synthesised by the reaction of PhBCl2 with 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene, and is demonstrated to be a sensitive and selective fluorescent fluoride sensor. |
15263935 | A supramolecular nematic phase in sulfonated polyaramides. | A water-soluble polyaramide "sulfo-invert-PPTA" surprisingly, already at a molecular weight of 10,000 g mol(-1), exhibits a nematic liquid crystalline phase in water at very low polymer concentrations, around 1-2wt%, indicating that supramolecular assemblies of molecules are the building blocks of the nematic phase. |
15190180 | Synthesis of (-)-longithorone A: using organic synthesis to probe a proposed biosynthesis. | We present a full report of our enantioselective synthesis of (-)-longithorone A (1). The synthesis was designed to test the feasibility of the biosynthetic proposal for 1 put forward by Schmitz involving intermolecular and transannular Diels-Alder reactions of two [12]-paracyclophane quinones. We have found that if th... |
15189571 | Interaction profile-based protein classification of death domain. | <h4>Background</h4>The increasing number of protein sequences and 3D structure obtained from genomic initiatives is leading many of us to focus on proteomics, and to dedicate our experimental and computational efforts on the creation and analysis of information derived from 3D structure. In particular, the high-through... |
15190131 | Recognition of DNA by omega protein from the broad-host range Streptococcus pyogenes plasmid pSM19035: analysis of binding to operator DNA with one to four heptad repeats. | pSM19035-encoded omega protein forms a dimer (omega2) that binds to a set of 7-bp repeats with sequence 5'-NATCACN-3'. Upon binding to its cognate sites, omega2 regulates transcription of genes required for copy number control and stable inheritance of plasmids, and promotes accurate plasmid segregation. Protein omega2... |
15187084 | Association of excitatory amino acid transporters, especially EAAT2, with cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains: importance for excitatory amino acid transporter localization and function. | In the present study, we investigated the role of membrane cholesterol in the function of glutamate transporters. Depletion of membrane cholesterol by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin resulted in reduced Na(+)-dependent glutamate uptake in primary cortical cultures. Glial glutamate transporter EAAT2-mediated uptake was more se... |
15184662 | Inhibition of nuclear import and cell-cycle progression by mutated forms of the dynamin-like GTPase MxB. | Mx proteins form a subfamily of the dynamin-like GTPases, which have well established roles in cellular trafficking. Some Mx proteins (e.g., human MxA) have antiviral activity and are tightly regulated by type I IFNs. Others (e.g., human MxB) lack antiviral activity and are thought to have normal cellular functions tha... |
15180901 | Ionic self-complementarity induces amyloid-like fibril formation in an isolated domain of a plant copper metallochaperone protein. | <h4>Background</h4>Arabidopsis thaliana copper metallochaperone CCH is a functional homologue of yeast antioxidant ATX1, involved in cytosolic copper transport. In higher plants, CCH has to be transported to specialised cells through plasmodesmata, being the only metallochaperone reported to date that leaves the cell w... |
15181177 | Demonstration of a universal surface DNA computer. | A fundamental concept in computer science is that of the universal Turing machine, which is an abstract definition of a general purpose computer. A general purpose (universal) computer is defined as one which can compute anything that is computable. It has been shown that any computer which is able to simulate Boolean ... |
15181173 | NMR solution structure of a parallel LNA quadruplex. | The solution structure of a locked nucleic acid (LNA) quadruplex, formed by the oligomer d(TGGGT), containing only conformationally restricted LNA residues is reported. NMR and CD spectroscopy, as well as molecular dynamics and mechanic calculations, has been used to characterize the complex. The molecule adopts a para... |
15175862 | Autoantigens of the nuclear pore complex. | The nuclear envelope (NE) is one of many intracellular targets of the autoimmune response in patients with autoimmune liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and related conditions. In eukaryotic organisms the NE consists of five interconnected regions: an outer nuclear membrane (ONM) that is continuous with the e... |
15178680 | NMR structure of the alpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein: insights into conformational heterogeneity and binding. | The structure of alpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP), a molecular chaperone for free alpha-hemoglobin, has been determined using NMR spectroscopy. The protein native state shows conformational heterogeneity attributable to the isomerization of the peptide bond preceding a conserved proline residue. The two equa... |
15176973 | Microtubule self-organisation by reaction-diffusion processes causes collective transport and organisation of cellular particles. | <h4>Background</h4>The transport of intra-cellular particles by microtubules is a major biological function. Under appropriate in vitro conditions, microtubule preparations behave as a 'complex' system and show 'emergent' phenomena. In particular, they form dissipative structures that self-organise over macroscopic dis... |
15178766 | Age-structured red blood cell susceptibility and the dynamics of malaria infections. | Malaria parasites and immune responses in an infected human interact on a dynamic landscape, in which a population of replicating parasites depletes a population of replenishing red blood cells (RBCs). These underlying dynamics receive relatively little attention, but they offer unique insights into the processes that ... |
15178741 | How do site-specific DNA-binding proteins find their targets? | Essentially all the biological functions of DNA depend on site-specific DNA-binding proteins finding their targets, and therefore 'searching' through megabases of non-target DNA. In this article, we review current understanding of how this sequence searching is done. We review how simple diffusion through solution may ... |
15216367 | Simple and supramolecular copper complexes as precursors in the HRTEM induced formation of crystalline copper nanoparticles. | In the HRTEM investigations of copper(I) bisphenanthroline nanoscaffolds and simple precursor complexes, nanoparticles were generated that upon closer inspection turned out to be pure crystalline copper nanoparticles. |
18969472 | Electroanalytical method of TCPP and its supramolecular system with cyclodextrins. | In this paper, electroanalytical method of tetrakis (4-carboxylphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) has been established. In a supporting electrolyte of KH(2)PO(4)-Na(2)HPO(4) (pH 7.0), a sensitive second derivative reduction peak of TCPP was found by single-sweep oscillopolarography. The potential peak is -0.70V (versus SCE).The ... |
17670273 | Tracheobronchial injuries. Conservative treatment. | <h4>Unlabelled</h4>Tracheal lacerations are iatrogenic, localized, low impact injuries with longitudinal tears (in about 1:20,000 intubations). In contrast traumatic tracheobronchial ruptures are high velocity injuries with horizontal transections. Between 1986 and 2002, we treated 27 tracheobronchial injuries (8 bronc... |
17043489 | Molecular biology and immunology for clinicians 29: lipid domains, lipid rafts, and caveolae. | The development of an antigen-specific immune response depends on the peptide-loaded MHC molecule on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell being found by the antigen-specific receptor on the cell about to be activated (the T-cell antigen receptor for T-cells or the membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule on B-cells... |
16783938 | Understanding actin organization in cell structure through lattice based Monte Carlo simulations. | Understanding the connection between mechanics and cell structure requires the exploration of the key molecular constituents responsible for cell shape and motility. One of these molecular bridges is the cytoskeleton, which is involved with intracellular organization and mechanotransduction. In order to examine the str... |
16475851 | Self-assembling of proteins and enzymes at nanoscale for biodevice applications. | Different nanotechnological strategies have been selected to implement biomolecular devices following a bottom-up or top-down approach depending on the biomolecule and on its functionality. Biomolecules have particular functionality and self-assembling capabilities that can be exploited for the implementation of both b... |
16475848 | Functionalisation of surfaces with S-layers. | Two-dimensional bacterial surface layer protein crystals (S-layers) are the most commonly observed cell surface structures in prokaryotic organisms (bacteria and archaea). Isolated S-layer proteins have the intrinsic tendency to self-assemble into two-dimensional arrays in suspension and at various interfaces. Basic re... |
15986687 | Molecular printboards: monolayers of beta-cyclodextrins on silicon oxide surfaces. | Monolayers of beta-cyclodextrin host molecules have been prepared on SiO2 surfaces. An ordered and stable cyano-terminated monolayer was modified in three consecutive surface reactions. First, the cyanide groups were reduced to their corresponding free amines using Red Al as a reducing agent. Second, 1,4-phenylene diis... |
15986671 | Formation of Langmuir layers and surface modification using new upper-rim fully tethered bipyridinyl or bithiazolyl cyclodextrins and their fluorescent metal complexes. | Seven new amphiphilic cyclodextrins bearing bipyridyl or bithiazolyl moieties at the narrow rim and free hydroxyl or methoxyl groups at the wide rim of the cyclooctaamylose crown were synthesized using a one step "phosphine imide" approach. These ligands form metal complexes that have fluorescence properties with poten... |
15984240 | Effect of recognized and unrecognized salt on the self-assembly of new thermosensitive metal-chelating surfactants. | New functional thermoreversible metal complexing surfactants consisting of a chelating amino acid residue grafted to the tip of a nonionic surfactant [alkyl poly(oxyethylene) CiEj] or in a branched position are studied. Nonionic surfactants are thermoreversible and exhibit a clouding phenomenon associated with phase se... |
15766186 | [Study on measuring host-guest ratio of inclusion compound of beta-CD-permethrin by IR]. | Permethrin is one of the agrochemicals used in tea gardens currently with the characteristic of being easily decomposed in light. Permethrin with beta-cyclodextrin(CD) made into Inclusion Compound (IC) can increase its stability and reduce dosage to remain on the tea. Host/guest ratio is one of the important parameters... |
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