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15320631 | DNA-templated nanowire fabrication. | DNA-based nanotechnology is a vibrant and expanding field. The specific molecular recognition properties and large aspect ratio of DNA make the molecule a promising template for bottom-up fabrication of nanowires and nanodevices. Fabricating well-defined DNA-templated nanowires requires aligned surface deposition and s... |
15173590 | Total synthesis of (-)-spinosyn A. | A convergent, highly stereoselective total synthesis of (-)-spinosyn A (1) is described. Key features of the synthesis include the transannular Diels-Alder reaction of macrocyclic pentaene 11 and the transannular Morita-Baylis-Hillman cyclization of 12 that generates tetracycle 26. The total synthesis of (-)-spinosyn A... |
15306475 | Self-assembly using dynamic combinatorial chemistry. | The principles of an evolution-selection approach to the synthesis of systems capable of molecular recognition are described. Using this dynamic combinatorial self-assembly concept in bulk solution, a variety of successful synthetic receptors have been prepared. The reversible chemistries employed include metalloporphy... |
15306412 | Recent developments in solid-state magic-angle spinning, nuclear magnetic resonance of fully and significantly isotopically labelled peptides and proteins. | In recent years, a large number of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques have been developed and applied to the study of fully or significantly isotopically labelled ((13)C, (15)N or (13)C/(15)N) biomolecules. In the past few years, the first structures of (13)C/(15)N-labelled peptides, Gly-Ile and Me... |
15274929 | E. coli trp repressor forms a domain-swapped array in aqueous alcohol. | The E. coli trp repressor (trpR) homodimer recognizes its palindromic DNA binding site through a pair of flexible helix-turn-helix (HTH) motifs displayed on an intertwined helical core. Flexible N-terminal arms mediate association between dimers bound to tandem DNA sites. The 2.5 A X-ray structure of trpR crystallized ... |
15265616 | Disposition of 14C-alpha-cyclodextrin in germ-free and conventional rats. | The absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion of uniformly (14)C-labeled alpha-cyclodextrin ((14)C-alpha-CD) was examined in four separate experiments with Wistar rats. In Experiment 1, (14)C-alpha-CD (25 microCi, 50 mg/kg bw) was administered intravenously to four male and four female conventional rats. In Ex... |
15265615 | Safety evaluation of an alpha-cyclodextrin glycosyltranferase preparation. | Alpha-cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (alpha-CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) is an amylolytic enzyme used for the production of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD), a novel, soluble dietary fiber, from food-grade starch. The safety of an alpha-CGTase preparation obtained by batch fermentation from a recombinant strain of Escherichia c... |
15265614 | Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity study with alpha-cyclodextrin in rabbits. | In a standard embryotoxicity/teratogenicity study, alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) was administered to groups of sixteen, artificially inseminated New Zealand White rabbits at dietary concentrations of 0, 5, 10, or 20%. An additional group received a diet containing 20% lactose. Treatment started on day 0 of gestation an... |
15265613 | Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity study with alpha-cyclodextrin in rats. | The embryotoxicity/teratogenicity of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) was examined in Wistar Crl:(WI)WU BR rats. alpha-CD was fed at dietary concentrations of 0, 1.5, 5, 10, or 20% to groups of 25 pregnant female rats from day 0 to 21 of gestation. An additional group received a diet with 20% lactose. The additions to the... |
15265612 | Subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study of alpha-cyclodextrin in dogs. | The oral toxicity of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) was examined in a 13-week feeding study in which groups of Beagle dogs received alpha-CD in the diet at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, or 20% (4 dogs/sex/group). No treatment-related changes were noted in behavior or appearance of the dogs and no mortalities occ... |
15265611 | Subchronic oral toxicity studies with alpha-cyclodextrin in rats. | The toxicity of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD), a cyclic polymer of six alpha-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, more specifically a water-soluble dietary fiber, was examined in a 4-week range finding study and a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats. In the 4-week study, the... |
15265610 | Safety assessment of gamma-cyclodextrin. | Gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) is a cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharide consisting of eight glucose molecules. Like other cyclodextrins, gamma-CD can form inclusion complexes with a variety of organic molecules because the inner side of the torus-like molecule is less polar than the outer side. In foods, gamma-CD ... |
15236296 | Characterization of non-covalent complexes of rutin with cyclodextrins by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and the phase solubility method were used to characterize the gas-phase and solution-phase non-covalent complexes between rutin (R) and alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs). The direct correlation between mass spectrometric results and solution-phase b... |
15231037 | Influence of preparation methodology on solid-state properties of an acidic drug-cyclodextrin system. | We have investigated the influence of processing variables on the solid-state of a model drug, flurbiprofen, in cyclodextrin-based systems and its effect on dissolution behaviour of the drug. The interaction between flurbiprofen and hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) was studied by NMR spectroscopy and phase... |
15231034 | Aqueous solubilization of furosemide by supramolecular complexation with 4-sulphonic calix[n]arenes. | The solubilization of the practically water insoluble drug furosemide by guest:host inclusion complexation with 4-sulphonic calix[n]arenes has been reported. The 4-sulphonic calix[n]arenes are water-soluble phenolic cyclooligomers that form inclusion complexes with neutral molecules. The solubility of furosemide in aci... |
15212552 | Effect of adlayer structure on the host-guest recognition between calcium and crown-ether-substituted phthalocyanine arrays on Au single-crystal surfaces. | Adlayers of 15-crown-5-ether-substituted cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoCRPc) were prepared by immersion of either Au(111) or Au(100) substrate into benzene-ethanol (9:1 v/v) mixed solutions containing CoCRPc. In situ STM imaging was carried out after transferring the CoCRPc-modified Au crystals into aqueous HClO(4) solu... |
15212538 | Energy transfer followed by electron transfer in a supramolecular triad composed of boron dipyrrin, zinc porphyrin, and fullerene: a model for the photosynthetic antenna-reaction center complex. | The first example of a working model of the photosynthetic antenna-reaction center complex, constructed via self-assembled supramolecular methodology, is reported. For this, a supramolecular triad is assembled by axially coordinating imidazole-appended fulleropyrrolidine to the zinc center of a covalently linked zinc p... |
15212529 | Selective catalysis with peptide dendrimers. | Peptide dendrimers incorporating 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid 1 as a branching unit (B) were prepared by solid-phase synthesis of ((Ac-A(3))(2)B-A(2))(2)B-Cys-A(1)-NH(2) followed by disulfide bridge formation. Twenty-one homo- and heterodimeric dendrimers were obtained by permutations of aspartate, histidine, and serine at ... |
15212503 | Multipoint recognition of basic proteins at a membrane model. | Cell surface recognition achieves high efficiency and specificity because of its polyvalent nature. A biomimetic model has been designed, which consists of a stearic acid monolayer with embedded calixarene tetraphosphonate receptor molecules. This system is able to distinguish between proteins of varying pI at nanomola... |
15212497 | Polyvalent carbocyanine molecular beacons for molecular recognitions. | Polyvalent carboxylate-terminating near-infrared (NIR) carbocyanine molecular beacons were prepared by homologation of reactive carboxyl groups of the beacon with imino diacetic acid. Their conjugation with unprotected d-(+)-glucosamine gave dendritic arrays of the carbohydrate on an inner NIR chromophore core. In vivo... |
15210728 | Actin dynamics coupled to clathrin-coated vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi network. | In diverse species, actin assembly facilitates clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) formation during endocytosis. This role might be an adaptation specific to the unique environment at the cell cortex, or it might be fundamental, facilitating CCV formation on different membranes. Proteins of the Sla2p/Hip1R family bind to act... |
15210115 | Molecular recognition by LARGE is essential for expression of functional dystroglycan. | Reduced ligand binding activity of alpha-dystroglycan is associated with muscle and central nervous system pathogenesis in a growing number of muscular dystrophies. Posttranslational processing of alpha-dystroglycan is generally accepted to be critical for the expression of functional dystroglycan. Here we show that bo... |
15206878 | Luminescent ruthenium(II) bipyridine-calix[4]arene complexes as receptors for lanthanide cations. | The synthesis and photophysical properties of novel luminescent ruthenium(II) bipyridyl complexes containing one, two, or six lower rim acid-amide-modified calix[4]arene moieties covalently linked to the bipyridine groups are reported which are designed to coordinate and sense luminescent lanthanide ions. All the Ru-ca... |
15206876 | Synthesis and characterization of a novel cadmium-organic framework with trimesic acid and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane. | The hydrothermal reaction between Cd(NO(3))(2), trimesic acid (H(3)BTC), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (BPE), and triethylamine under mild conditions yielded, after 3 days, a novel three-dimensional metal-organic framework, [Cd(1.5)(BTC)(BPE)(H(2)O)(2)].(H(2)O), which has been characterized structurally using single-crystal... |
15206874 | A new high-spin iron(III) complex with a pentadentate macrocyclic amidopyridine ligand: a change from slow single-ion paramagnetic relaxation to long-range antiferromagnetic order in a hydrogen-bonded network. | A new, stable iron(III) complex with a pentadentate amide-containing macrocyclic ligand was prepared and fully characterized. The complex adopted a pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry, where an equatorial plane is occupied by the pyridine nitrogen, two deprotonated amide nitrogens, and two secondary amines from the macrocy... |
15206862 | Tuning the coordination geometry of silver in bis(pyrazolyl)alkane complexes. | Silver(I) complexes of the bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands Ph(2)C(pz)(2), PhCH(pz)(2), and PhCH(2)CH(pz)(2) (pz = pyrazolyl ring) have been prepared in an attempt to explore how sterically hindered poly(pyrazolyl)methane ligands influence the variable coordination geometries exhibited by silver(I) complexes, especially i... |
15206861 | Supramolecular Mn(II) and Mn(II)/Mn(III) grid complexes with [Mn9(mu2-O)12] core structures. Structural, magnetic, and redox properties and surface studies. | A series of [3 x 3] Mn(II)(9), antiferromagnetically coupled, alkoxide-bridged, square grid complexes, derived from a group of "tritopic" dihydrazide ligands, is described. The outer ring of eight Mn(II) centers in the grids is isolated magnetically from the central Mn(II) ion, leading to an S = 0 ground state for the ... |
15206822 | Interaction of serotonin1A receptors from bovine hippocampus with tertiary amine local anesthetics. | 1. We have examined the interaction of tertiary amine local anesthetics with the bovine hippocampal serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptor, an important member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. 2. The local anesthetics inhibit specific agonist and antagonist binding to the 5-HT1A receptor at a clinically relevant c... |
15200386 | Effect of stationary phase structure on retention and selectivity tuning in the high-throughput separation of tocopherol isomers by HPLC. | Four stationary phases containing different groups such as: C18, C30, alkylamide, and cholesterolic, were presented for simultaneous HPLC analysis of structural isomers of tocopherol. Especially, the influence of stationary phase structure and properties on tuning of the highly selective HPLC separation of beta- and ga... |
15200385 | Potentiometric discrimination of neutral forms of nitrophenol isomers by liquid membrane electrodes incorporated with corroles. | The results of studies on the use of corrole derivatives as a host ligand in the PVC liquid membrane electrodes and their ability for the potentiometric high-throughput discrimination of nitrophenol guests have been presented. The significance of parameters which govern the mechanism of generation of potentiometric sig... |
15200382 | Potentiometric quasi-array employing calixarene derivatives for the high-throughput similarity/diversity screening of beta-adrenergic and beta-blocking chiral drugs by HPLC. | Performance of potentiometric quasi-array detection system consisted with the seven poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) based liquid membrane electrodes in the cation-exchange HPLC using acetonitrile--40 mM phosphoric acid (15 : 85, v/v, pH* 2.35) for assessing of molecular similarity/diversity in a mini-library of beta-adrene... |
15199410 | Induction of dominant transplantation tolerance by an altered peptide ligand of the male antigen Dby. | T cell reactivity to minor histocompatibility (mH) antigens is responsible for rejection of HLA-matched allografts, limiting the effectiveness of transplantation for the treatment of end-stage organ failure. The deadbox gene Dby is located on the Y chromosome and encodes an mH antigen that prompts rejection of male tis... |
15199402 | Is transplantation tolerable? | To test the hypothesis that chronic stimulation of T cells with a weak agonistic antigen will generate regulatory T cells and immune tolerance, a study reported in this issue employed the redesign of a minor histocompatibility antigen. Using knowledge of residues at which the antigen contacts the T cell receptor, a wea... |
15198612 | Structural and spectroscopic studies on Pt.Pt and pi-pi interactions in luminescent multinuclear cyclometalated platinum(II) homologues tethered by oligophosphine auxiliaries. | The synthesis and structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of a series of trinuclear tridentate cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes tethered by bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine (dpmp) have been studied and compared with their mono- and binuclear homologues and a propeller-like congener. Th... |
15198600 | Supramolecular assemblies of nucleoside phosphocholine amphiphiles. | A family of new uridine phosphocholine amphiphiles that were prepared using a convenient four-step synthetic route is described. Physicochemical studies (differential scanning calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering, UV-vis and circular dichroism spectroscopies, light microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, a... |
15198588 | Fiber recruiting peptides: noncovalent decoration of an engineered protein scaffold. | Fiber Recruiting (FiRe) peptides are described. These are derivatives of self-assembling fiber (SAF) forming peptides that are conjugated with small molecules (in our case, biotin or a FLAG-tag octapeptide). The FiRe peptides are co-assembled into fibers and used as bait to recruit folded and functional proteins to the... |
15198824 | Characterization of aqueous and solid inclusion complexes of diuron and isoproturon with beta-cyclodextrin. | The interaction of diuron and isoproturon herbicides with beta-cyclodextrin is conducive to the formation of inclusion compounds in aqueous solution as well as in the solid state. The physico-chemical study of these complexes was carried out by various analytical techniques such as ultraviolet (UV), Fourier transform i... |
15197470 | Protein N-terminal methionine excision. | N-terminal methionine excision (NME) is the major proteolytic pathway responsible for the diversity of N-terminal amino acids in proteins. Dedicated NME components have been identified in all organisms, in all compartments in which protein synthesis occurs: cytoplasm, plastids and mitochondria. Recent studies have reve... |
15196007 | Exploring molecular and mechanical gradients in structural bioscaffolds. | Most organisms consist of a functionally adaptive assemblage of hard and soft tissues. Despite the obvious advantages of reinforcing soft protoplasm with a hard scaffold, such composites can lead to tremendous mechanical stresses where the two meet. Although little is known about how nature relieves these stresses, it ... |
15197083 | Multiple organ dysfunction during resuscitation is not postinjury multiple organ failure. | <h4>Hypothesis</h4>Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) within 48 hours of injury is a reversible physiologic response to tissue injury and resuscitation.<h4>Design</h4>A prospective 10-year inception cohort study ending September 2003.<h4>Setting</h4>Regional academic level I trauma center.<h4>Patients</h4>One thousand tw... |
15196044 | Breaking, making, and twisting of chemical bonds in gas, liquid, and nanocavities. | In this Account, we recount on our studies of 1'-hydroxy-2'-acetonaphthone (HAN, a proton transfer prototype molecule) in gas, solutions, and nanocavities. The internal H-bond photoreaction in HAN leads to a keto type structure, and following its formation, an internal twisting motion gives birth to keto rotamers. Theo... |
15196043 | Nanomaterials based on phosphorus dendrimers. | Dendrimers constitute an increasingly important field of research in chemistry for more than 15 years. After pioneering works concerning synthesis, the interest in dendrimers is now mainly driven by their properties and applications. This Account will emphasize the properties of a special class of dendrimers, that is, ... |
15190118 | Espins are multifunctional actin cytoskeletal regulatory proteins in the microvilli of chemosensory and mechanosensory cells. | Espins are associated with the parallel actin bundles of hair cell stereocilia and are the target of mutations that cause deafness and vestibular dysfunction in mice and humans. Here, we report that espins are also concentrated in the microvilli of a number of other sensory cells: vomeronasal organ sensory neurons, sol... |
15189029 | Per-6-substituted-per-6-deoxy beta-cyclodextrins inhibit the formation of beta-amyloid peptide derived soluble oligomers. | Recent studies have indicated that the most important role of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease may not be in plaque formation but in the formation of soluble, metastable Abeta(1-42) neurotoxic intermediates (called ADDLs). In the present work we describe the preparation of per-6-amino... |
15190085 | Characterization of protein glycosylation using chip-based infusion nanoelectrospray linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. | Mass spectrometry (MS) has the potential to revolutionize structural glycobiology and help in the understanding of how post-translation events such as glycosylation affect protein activities. Several approaches to determine the structure of glycopeptides have been used successfully including fast atom bombardment, matr... |
15189423 | Inhibition of ruminal microbial methane production by beta-cyclodextrin iodopropane, malate and their combination in vitro. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of l-malate (0, 5, 10 and 20 mm), 2-iodopropane-beta-cyclodextrin complex (CD-IP) (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mm) and a combination of malate (10 and 20 mm) plus CD-IP (0.2 and 0.4 mm) on methane production from corn starch. Ruminal fluid was ... |
15188491 | Review of cytokine profiles in patients with hepatitis. | The development of T helper 1 versus T helper 2 cells is a major branch point in the immune response and is an important determinant of the body's response to an infectious pathogen, leading to protection of the host or dissemination of the disease. Recent studies have shown that there exist macrophage activation state... |
15187189 | Pathogenesis of human papillomaviruses in differentiating epithelia. | Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the etiological agents of cervical and other anogenital malignancies. Over 100 different types of HPVs have been identified to date, and all target epithelial tissues for infection. One-third of HPV types specifically infect the genital tract, and a subset of these are the causative age... |
15187188 | Microbial responses to microgravity and other low-shear environments. | Microbial adaptation to environmental stimuli is essential for survival. While several of these stimuli have been studied in detail, recent studies have demonstrated an important role for a novel environmental parameter in which microgravity and the low fluid shear dynamics associated with microgravity globally regulat... |
15187184 | RegB/RegA, a highly conserved redox-responding global two-component regulatory system. | The Reg regulon from Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides encodes proteins involved in numerous energy-generating and energy-utilizing processes such as photosynthesis, carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen utilization, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, denitrification, electron transport, and aer... |
15187180 | A new biology for a new century. | Biology today is at a crossroads. The molecular paradigm, which so successfully guided the discipline throughout most of the 20th century, is no longer a reliable guide. Its vision of biology now realized, the molecular paradigm has run its course. Biology, therefore, has a choice to make, between the comfortable path ... |
15186166 | A simple approach to sensor discovery and fabrication on self-assembled monolayers on glass. | Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on glass were used as a platform to sequentially deposit fluorophores and small molecules for ion sensing. The preorganization provided by the surface avoids the need for complex receptor design, allowing for a combinatorial approach to sensing systems based on small molecules. The resu... |
15186146 | Tuning porphyrin/DNA supramolecular assemblies by competitive binding. | Addition of an intercalating but nonaggregating porphyrin, AuT4, to a preformed adduct between DNA and a strongly aggregating porphyrin, t-H2Pagg, permits control of the extent of aggregation of the latter. The size and the intensity of the ICD and RLS signals depend linearly on the concentration of the intercalating d... |
15186145 | Stabilization and size control of gold nanoparticles during laser ablation in aqueous cyclodextrins. | Femtosecond laser radiation has been used to ablate a gold target in aqueous beta-cyclodextrin (CD) solutions to produce stable gold nanoparticle colloids with extremely small size (2 to 2.4 nm) and size dispersion (1 to 1.5 nm). On the basis of XPS and zeta-potential measurements, we propose a model involving chemical... |
15184027 | Rapid self-assembly of alpha-synuclein observed by in situ atomic force microscopy. | Self-assembly of alpha-synuclein resulting in protein aggregates of diverse morphology has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders known as synucleinopathies. Apart from its biomedical relevance, this aggregation process is representative of the interconversion o... |
15173190 | Dynamics of putative raft-associated proteins at the cell surface. | Lipid rafts are conceptualized as membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipid that serve as platforms for protein segregation and signaling. The properties of these domains in vivo are unclear. Here, we use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to test if raft association affects a protein'... |
15182368 | The crystal structure of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase II (TVA II) complexed with transglycosylated product. | Alphan alpha-amylase (TVA II) from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 efficiently hydrolyzes alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkages of pullulan to produce panose in addition to hydrolyzing starch. TVA II also hydrolyzes alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkages of cyclodextrins and alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages of isopanose. To clarify the ba... |
15182363 | Colocalization of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 to caveolae in primary human adipocytes. Cholesterol depletion blocks insulin signalling for metabolic and mitogenic control. | Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations with several functions, one of which appears to be to organize receptor mediated signalling. Here we report that in primary human subcutaneous adipocytes the insulin receptor was localized to caveolae by electron microscopy/immunogold detection and by isolating caveolae from p... |
15182348 | Computational approaches to understand alpha-conotoxin interactions at neuronal nicotinic receptors. | Recent and increasing use of computational tools in the field of nicotinic receptors has led to the publication of several models of ligand-receptor interactions. These models are all based on the crystal structure at 2.7 A resolution of a protein related to the extracellular N-terminus of nicotinic acetylcholine recep... |
15182939 | Non-covalent interaction between procyanidins and apple cell wall material: Part I. Effect of some environmental parameters. | The adsorption of procyanidins on cell wall material were quantified by bringing into contact a solution of procyanidins and a suspension of cell wall material. The influence of structural features such as degree of polymerisation (DP) and percentage of galloylation (% gall), and of physico-chemical parameters such as ... |
15182234 | Insulin signalling: putting the 'G-' in protein-protein interactions. | Cell signalling via receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the insulin receptor, and via heterotrimeric G-proteins, such as Galpha(i), Galpha(s) and Galpha(q) family members, constitute two of most avidly studied paradigms in cell biology. That elements of these two populous signalling pathways must cross-talk to achieve p... |
15182233 | Glycosynthase-catalysed formation of modified polysaccharide microstructures . | Glycosynthases are mutant glycosidases, genetically engineered to catalyse the synthesis of oligosaccharides. A study by Faijes et al. in this issue of the Biochemical Journal has expanded the ability of glycosynthases to catalyse the polymerization of carbohydrates to form unnatural oligosaccharide products that can a... |
15040787 | Syncollin inhibits regulated corticotropin secretion from AtT-20 cells through a reduction in the secretory vesicle population. | Syncollin is a 13 kDa protein that is highly expressed in the exocrine pancreas. Syncollin normally exists as a doughnut-shaped homo-oligomer (quite probably a hexamer) in close association with the luminal surface of the zymogen granule membrane. In the present study, we examine the effect of expression of syncollin i... |
15038792 | In vitro synthesis of a crystalline (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-D-glucan by a mutated (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-D-glucanase from Bacillus. | Oligo- and poly-saccharides have a large number of important biological functions, and they occur in natural composite materials, such as plant cell walls, where they self-assemble during biosynthesis in a poorly understood manner. They can also be used for the formation of artificial composite materials with industria... |
14992684 | A functional polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in chicken (Gallus gallus) indicates ancient role of secretory IgA in mucosal immunity. | Animals are continuously threatened by pathogens entering the body through natural openings. Here we show that in chicken ( Gallus gallus ), secretory IgA (sIgA) protects the epithelia lining these natural cavities. A gene encoding a chicken polymeric Ig receptor ( GG-pIgR ), a key component of sIgA, was identified, an... |
14979874 | From the Arctic to fetal life: physiological importance and structural basis of an 'additional' chloride-binding site in haemoglobin. | Haemoglobins from mammals of sub-Arctic and Arctic species, as well as fetal human Hb, are all characterized by a significantly lower Delta H of oxygenation compared with the majority of mammalian haemoglobins from temperate species (exceptions are represented by some cold-resistant species, such as cow, horse and pig)... |
15184138 | Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a heat- and alkali-stable type I pullulanase from Anaerobranca gottschalkii. | The gene encoding a type I pullulanase was identified from the genome sequence of the anaerobic thermoalkaliphilic bacterium Anaerobranca gottschalkii. In addition, the homologous gene was isolated from a gene library of Anaerobranca horikoshii and sequenced. The proteins encoded by these two genes showed 39% amino aci... |
15184131 | Expression of functional recombinant mussel adhesive protein Mgfp-5 in Escherichia coli. | Mussel adhesive proteins have been suggested as a basis for environmentally friendly adhesives for use in aqueous conditions and in medicine. However, attempts to produce functional and economical recombinant mussel adhesive proteins (mainly foot protein type 1) in several systems have failed. Here, the cDNA coding for... |
15180418 | Hydrocarbyl ligand "tuning" of the PtII/IV redox potential. | The potentially tridentate macrocycle [2.1.1]-(2,6)-pyridinophane (L) enables the transient LPt(II)(CH(3))(+) to cleave the C-H bond of two molecules of C(6)F(5)H. The resulting product has two aryl groups on Pt but, in contrast to nonfluorinated analogue, varies in its location of the cleaved H, as is evident from the... |
15180417 | Alkaline side-coordination strategy for the design of nickel(II) and nickel(III) bis(1,2-diselenolene) complex based materials. | The deprotonated form of the pyrazine-2,3-diselenol (pds) ligand, pds(2-), reacts with Ni(II) inorganic salts to form the nickel compounds [Ni(II)(pds)(2)](nBu(4)N)(2) (1), [Ni(II)(pds)(2)]Na(2).2H(2)O (2), and [Ni(III)(pds)(2)](2)Na(2).4H(2)O (3), depending on the reaction conditions. They are characterized by NMR, EP... |
15180406 | Microwave assisted stereoselective synthesis of cis-substituted TinIV phthalocyanine dicarboxylates. application as corrosion inhibitors. | Two PcSn(IV) dicarboxylate molecules were obtained through efficient microwave methodology with the aim to test them as corrosion inhibitors in the oil industry. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, (1)H, (13)C NMR, and X-ray diffraction. The relative configuration of the two carboxylates... |
15177659 | Detection of clinical interactions between methadone and anti-retroviral compounds using an enantioselective capillary electrophoresis for methadone analysis. | A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to detect interactions between methadone and anti-retroviral compounds. Eight subjects, who underwent methadone maintenance treatment in the Province of Alicante (Spain), consented to participate in the present study. Of those, one subject was followed up for 123 days to... |
15176855 | Efficient crystallization-induced dynamic resolution of alpha-substituted carboxylic acids. | Herein we present a novel route to enantiomerically enriched chiral alpha-substituted carboxylic acids by crystallization-induced dynamic resolution (CIDR) of their diastereomeric salts with chiral amines. Thus, the racemic alpha-bromo acid 3 is converted reliably with (1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol in the presenc... |
15175026 | Dystroglycan in skin and cutaneous cells: beta-subunit is shed from the cell surface. | In skin, hemidesmosomal protein complexes attach the epidermis to the dermis and are critical for stable connection of the basal epithelial cell cytoskeleton with the basement membrane (BM). In muscle, a similar supramolecular aggregate, the dystrophin glycoprotein complex links the inside of muscle cells with the BM. ... |
15175313 | Involvement of the SppA1 peptidase in acclimation to saturating light intensities in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. | The sll1703 gene, encoding an Arabidopsis homologue of the thylakoid membrane-associated SppA peptidase, was inactivated by interposon mutagenesis in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Upon acclimation from a light intensity of 50 to 150 microE m(-2) s(-1), the mutant preserved most of its phycobilisome content, wherea... |
15175304 | Structural basis for iron binding and release by a novel class of periplasmic iron-binding proteins found in gram-negative pathogens. | We have determined the 1.35- and 1.45-A structures, respectively, of closed and open iron-loaded forms of Mannheimia haemolytica ferric ion-binding protein A. M. haemolytica is the causative agent in the economically important and fatal disease of cattle termed shipping fever. The periplasmic iron-binding protein of th... |
15175292 | Role of RepA and DnaA proteins in the opening of the origin of DNA replication of an IncB plasmid. | The replication initiator protein RepA of the IncB plasmid pMU720 was shown to induce localized unwinding of its cognate origin of replication in vitro. DnaA, the initiator protein of Escherichia coli, was unable to induce localized unwinding of this origin of replication on its own but enhanced the opening generated b... |
15174870 | Anion-directed self-assembly of coordination polymer into tunable secondary structure. | A bent-shaped bipyridine ligand containing a dendritic aliphatic side chain has been synthesized as a ligand and complexed with silver ion through a self-assembling process. The resulting complexes were observed to self-assemble into supramolecular structures that differ significantly as a function of the counteranion ... |
15174970 | Hydrogels for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. | In recent years there has been significant new interest in the development of transmucosal (mostly oral) pharmaceutical formulations for the delivery of therapeutic proteins. Emphasis has been given to the molecular design of new carriers for the delivery of insulin, calcitonin and various types of interferons for the ... |
15172108 | Identification of V-ATPase as a major component in the raft fraction prepared from the synaptic plasma membrane and the synaptic vesicle of rat brain. | Cholesterol is important in the maintenance and remodeling of the synapse. Since membrane cholesterol participates in the formation of the membrane microdomain (raft), the characterization of raft components within membrane structures in the synaptic region could be a good approach to understand the role of cholesterol... |
15170848 | In vitro release of vascular endothelial growth factor from gadolinium-doped biodegradable microspheres. | A drug delivery vehicle was constructed that could be visualized noninvasively with MRI. The biodegradable polymer poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used to fabricate microspheres containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the MRI contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd... |
15170507 | Mast cell tryptase, a still enigmatic enzyme. | Tryptases constitute a subfamily of trypsin-like proteinases, stored in the mast cell secretory granules of all mammalian organisms. These enzymes are released along with other mediators into the extracellular medium upon mast cell activation/degranulation. Among the trypsin-like enzymes, tryptases are unique: they are... |
15170505 | Structure and function of coagulogen, a clottable protein in horseshoe crabs. | Mammalian blood coagulation is based on the proteolytically induced polymerization of fibrinogens. Initially, fibrin monomers noncovalently interact with each other. The resulting homopolymers are further stabilized when the plasma transglutaminase (TGase) intermolecularly cross-links epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bon... |
15170359 | High-affinity binding of tumor-suppressor protein p53 and HMGB1 to hemicatenated DNA loops. | We have recently observed that chromatin architectural protein HMGB1 (previously reported to be involved in numerous biological processes such as DNA replication, recombination, repair, tumor growth, and metastasis) could bind with extremely high affinity (K(d) < 1 pM) to a novel DNA structure that forms a DNA loop mai... |
15170336 | Recognition of anionic phospholipid membranes by an antihemostatic protein from a blood-feeding insect. | The saliva of blood-feeding insects contains a variety of molecules having antihemostatic activity. Here, we describe nitrophorin 7 (NP7), a salivary protein that binds with high affinity to anionic phospholipid membranes. The protein is apparently targeted to the negatively charged surfaces of activated platelets and ... |
15170068 | [Enantiomeric determination of ephedrine derivatives in unregulated drugs using capillary electrophoresis]. | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was applied to enantiomeric separation of chiral ephedrine derivatives (d/l-ephedrine, d/l-methylephedrine, d/l-pseudoephedrine, and d/l-norephedrine) in unregulated drug products. Unregulated drugs, referred to as dietary supplements in U.S.A., have been used legally as tonic agents, but... |
15165854 | Molecular structure and interaction of recombinant human type XVI collagen. | Collagen XVI is a minor component of at least two different extracellular fibrillar networks of specialized regions of skin and cartilage. In skin, collagen XVI is integrated into particular fibrillin-rich microfibrils lacking an amorphous elastin core. In cartilage, collagen XVI is a component of small heterotypic D-b... |
15166465 | Cationic phosphorus-containing dendrimers reduce prion replication both in cell culture and in mice infected with scrapie. | Over the last 30 years, many drugs have been tested both in cell culture and in vivo for their ability to prevent the generation of prions and the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Among the compounds tested, dendrimers are defined by their branched and repeating molecular structure. The anti-pr... |
15166434 | Characterization of the genome and structural proteins of hepatitis C virus resolved from infected human liver. | In the absence of satisfactory cell culture systems for hepatitis C virus (HCV), virtually all that is known about the proteins of the virus has been learned by the study of recombinant proteins. Characterization of virus proteins from patients with HCV has been retarded by the low virus titre in blood and limited avai... |
15166263 | Tissue invasiveness and non-acidic pH in human candidiasis correlate with "in vivo" expression by Candida albicans of the carbohydrate epitope recognised by new monoclonal antibody 1H4. | <h4>Background</h4>The morphogenetic conversion between yeast and hyphal growth forms appears to be crucial in the pathogenesis of invasive candidiasis, and can be regulated by environmental signals such as extracellular pH.<h4>Aims</h4>To characterise the epitope recognised by monoclonal antibody 1H4, and to evaluate ... |
15163750 | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen inhibits lytic replication by targeting Rta: a potential mechanism for virus-mediated control of latency. | Like other herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also designated human herpesvirus 8) can establish a latent infection in the infected host. During latency a small number of genes are expressed. One of those genes encodes latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), which is constitutively express... |
15163749 | Contribution of proteoglycans to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 brain invasion. | As a neurotropic virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) invades the brain and causes severe neuronal, astrocyte, and myelin damage in AIDS patients. To gain access to the brain, HIV-1 must migrate through brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), which compose the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Given that ... |
15163736 | Biodistribution of radioiodinated adenovirus fiber protein knob domain after intravenous injection in mice. | The knob domains from the fiber proteins of adenovirus serotypes 2 and 12 were labeled with radioiodine and then injected into the bloodstreams of mice. Knob proteins with functional binding sites for the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) were cleared rapidly from the circulation, with radioactivity appearing pre... |
15163734 | Direct binding of hepatitis C virus core to gC1qR on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells leads to impaired activation of Lck and Akt. | Complement plays a pivotal role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. It has been shown that the binding of C1q, a natural ligand of gC1qR, on T cells inhibits their proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that direct binding of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core to gC1qR on T cells leads to impaired Lck/Akt act... |
15163716 | The P domain of norovirus capsid protein forms dimer and binds to histo-blood group antigen receptors. | Noroviruses (NVs) are the most important pathogen of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. The recent finding that NVs recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors provided a new approach to study the pathogenesis of NVs. Using computational and site-directed mutagenesis approaches, our investigator... |
15161307 | A model for describing the thermodynamics of multivalent host-guest interactions at interfaces. | A model has been described for interpreting the binding of multivalent molecules to interface-immobilized monovalent receptors through multiple, independent interactions. It is based on the concept of effective concentration, C(eff), which has been developed before for multivalent binding in solution and which incorpor... |
15161292 | Self-assembly of irregular graphs whose edges are DNA helix axes. | A variety of computational models have been introduced recently that are based on the properties of DNA. In particular, branched junction molecules and graphlike DNA structures have been proposed as computational devices, although such models have yet to be confirmed experimentally. DNA branched junction molecules have... |
15161291 | Dynamic devices. Shape switching and substrate binding in ion-controlled nanomechanical molecular tweezers. | As examples of supramolecular devices performing chemical (ionic, molecular) control of binding events and models of related natural systems, two molecular conformational switches are described, which display cation-controlled nanomechanical motion coupled to substrate binding and release. The substrate binding relies ... |
15161290 | Divalent binding of a bis(adamantyl)-functionalized calix[4]arene to beta-cyclodextrin-based hosts: an experimental and theoretical study on multivalent binding in solution and at self-assembled monolayers. | The divalent binding of a bis(adamantyl)-functionalized calix[4]arene (1) to an EDTA-tethered beta-cyclodextrin (CD) dimer (2) in solution (1.2 x 10(7) M(-)(1)) was 3 orders of magnitude weaker than the binding constant ( approximately 10(10) M(-)(1)) for the interaction of 1 at CD self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on g... |
15161289 | Organic spin clusters: macrocyclic-macrocyclic polyarylmethyl polyradicals with very high spin S = 5-13. | Synthesis and magnetic studies of a new class of organic spin clusters, possessing alternating connectivity of unequal spins, are described. Polyarylmethyl polyether precursors to the spin clusters, with linear and branched connectivity between calix[4]arene-based macrocycles, are prepared via modular, multistep synthe... |
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