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15096630 | Backbone dynamics of complement control protein (CCP) modules reveals mobility in binding surfaces. | The regulators of complement activation (RCA) are critical to health and disease because their role is to ensure that a complement-mediated immune response to infection is proportionate and targeted. Each protein contains an uninterrupted array of from four to 30 examples of the very widely occurring complement control... |
15093178 | Assessment of molecularly imprinted sol-gel materials for selective room temperature phosphorescence recognition of nafcillin. | Sol-gel imprinted materials were prepared against nafcillin, a semisynthetic beta-lactamic antibiotic employed in the treatment of serious infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Two approaches were addressed for preparation of the imprinted materials and the controls: as conventional monoliths, whi... |
15093165 | Membrane separations using molecularly imprinted polymers. | This review presents an overview on the promising field of molecularly imprinted membranes (MIM). The focus is onto the separation of molecules in liquid mixtures via membrane transport selectivity. First, the status of synthetic membranes and membrane separation technology is briefly summarized, emphasizing the need f... |
15093164 | Molecularly imprinted polymer-assisted sample clean-up of ochratoxin A from red wine: merits and limitations. | A new analytical method for the determination of the carcinogenic mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) in red wines has been developed involving a two-dimensional solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up protocol on C18-silica and a target-selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Prior removal of the interfering acidic matr... |
15093162 | Evaluation of MISPE for the multi-residue extraction of beta-agonists from calves urine. | Methods based on molecular recognition mechanisms for the clean-up of veterinary drugs and their residues, such as immuno-, receptor- and acceptor-affinity and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), have been described as selective tools to improve the selectivity and the reliability of analytical results. In this work... |
15093160 | Separation and screening of compounds of biological origin using molecularly imprinted polymers. | Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) represent a new class of materials possessing high selectivity and affinity for the target molecule. Since their discovery in 1972, molecularly imprinted polymers have attracted considerable interest from bio- and chemical laboratories to pharmaceutical institutes. They have been u... |
15093159 | Influence of polymerization temperature on the molecular recognition of imprinted polymers. | This paper aimed at investigating the influence of polymerization temperature on the molecular recognition of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based on multiple non-covalent interactions. 3-l-Phenylalanylaminopyridine (3-l-PheNHPy) imprinted polymers were prepared using azobisnitriles as either thermal initiators ... |
15093158 | Synthesis and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers for enalapril and lisinopril, two synthetic peptide anti-hypertensive drugs. | Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of enalapril and lisinopril were prepared using 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer. Following thermal polymerisation the resulting materials were crushed, ground and sieved. First generation MIPs were produced in protic polar porogenic solvents (mixture o... |
15093157 | Multivariate analysis of the selectivity for a pentachlorophenol-imprinted polymer. | A pentachlorophenol (PCP)-imprinted polymer (MIP) was obtained by thermal polymerization of a mixture of template, 4-vinylpyridine and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with molar ratio 1 +3 + 27, using as porogenic solvent methanol-water ( 3 + 1(v/v)). The polymer was packed in an HPLC column and selectivity towards 52 P... |
15082367 | Supramolecular assemblies of gold nanoparticles induced by hydrogen bond interactions. | The formation of two-dimensional self-assemblies of ordered, packed gold nanoparticles is described. The nanoparticles were coated by a diamide thiol ligand (DASH) that ensured the connection of the nanoparticles through hydrogen bonds. The stability of the colloidal solutions is discussed with respect to the stability... |
15080984 | Macrocyclic proteoglycan mimics. Potent inhibition of cell adhesion by a bundle of chondroitin sulfate chains assembled on the calix[4]resorcarene platform. | Tailed calix[4]resorcarene macrocycle (tail=undecyl) can be used as a platform to assemble four glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chains to give a new type of proteoglycan mimics. A tetra(chondroitin sulfate) derivative thus obtained from the reaction of macrocyclic octaamine and chondroitin sulfate lactone is readily i... |
15080917 | Coaggregate of amphiphilic zinc chlorins with synthetic surfactants in an aqueous medium to an artificial supramolecular light-harvesting system. | Aqueous assemblies of zinc chlorins possessing a nonionic (oligo)oxyethylene, a cationic quaternary ammonium or an anionic sulfonate group were prepared in the presence of a synthetic surfactant. The nonionic zinc chlorin formed aggregates when admixed with a nonionic surfactant such as Triton X-100 to give a highly or... |
15080906 | Exploring distal regions of the A3 adenosine receptor binding site: sterically constrained N6-(2-phenylethyl)adenosine derivatives as potent ligands. | We synthesized phenyl ring-substituted analogues of N(6)-(1S,2R)-(2-phenyl-1-cyclopropyl)adenosine, which is highly potent in binding to the human A(3)AR with a Ki value of 0.63 nM. The effects of these structural changes on affinity at human and rat adenosine receptors and on intrinsic efficacy at the hA(3)AR were mea... |
15067686 | Self-association of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin complexes. | Cyclodextrins are useful functional excipients, which are being used in an ever-increasing way to camouflage undesirable pharmaceutical characteristics, especially poor aqueous solubility. It has generally been assumed that the mechanism whereby cyclodextrins exert their effects, especially their augmentation of solubi... |
15067211 | Regulation of alternative RNA splicing by exon definition and exon sequences in viral and mammalian gene expression. | Intron removal from a pre-mRNA by RNA splicing was once thought to be controlled mainly by intron splicing signals. However, viral and other eukaryotic RNA exon sequences have recently been found to regulate RNA splicing, polyadenylation, export, and nonsense-mediated RNA decay in addition to their coding function. Reg... |
15046753 | Characterization of self-assembled redox polymer and antibody molecules on thiolated gold electrodes. | Multilayer immobilization of antibody and redox polymer molecules on a gold electrode was achieved, as a strategy for the potential development of an amperometric immunosensor. The step-by-step assembly of antibiotin IgG on Os(bpy)(2)ClPyCH(2)NH poly(allylamine) redox polymer (PAH-Os) adsorbed on thiolated gold electro... |
15046752 | Surface plasmon resonance study of the molecular recognition between polymerase and DNA containing various mismatches and conformational changes of DNA-protein complexes. | Although surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor technique has been used to study protein-protein interactions and to detect conformational changes of proteins, it has not been shown whether the SPR biosensor can be used to study a complex kinetic system such as the protein-DNA binding, which sometimes involves sever... |
15331330 | Disruption of membrane cholesterol stimulates MyD88-dependent NF-kappaB activation in immature B cells. | Agents that extract or sequester membrane cholesterol stimulate IkappaB degradation and lead to NF-kappaB activation in a subset of B cells. Although the extraction of cholesterol by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin is the most potent stimulus of NF-kappaB, other agents that sequester cholesterol have similar effects. B cells ... |
15293810 | Stem cells: cross-talk and developmental programs. | The thesis advanced in this essay is that stem cells-particularly those in the nervous system-are components in a series of inborn 'programs' that not only ensure normal development, but persist throughout life so as to maintain homeostasis in the face of perturbations-both small and great. These programs encode what h... |
15293803 | Regeneration and the need for simpler model organisms. | The problem of regeneration is fundamentally a problem of tissue homeostasis involving the replacement of cells lost to normal 'wear and tear' (cell turnover), and/or injury. This attribute is of particular significance to organisms possessing relatively long lifespans, as maintenance of all body parts and their functi... |
15221586 | Deformability of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. | Experimental data indicates that poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers flatten when in contact with a substrate, i.e. they are no longer spherical, but resemble flat disks. In order to better understand the deformation behavior of these branched polymers, a series of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations is performed.... |
15212259 | Surface photochemistry of pesticides: an approach using diffuse reflectance and chromatography techniques. | The photochemistry of pesticides triadimenol and triadimefon was studied on cellulose and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) in controlled and natural conditions, using diffuse reflectance techniques and chromatographic analysis. The photochemistry of triadimenol occurs from the chlorophenoxyl moiety, while the photodegradati... |
15202598 | Quantitative determination of curcuminoids in Curcuma rhizomes and rapid differentiation of Curcuma domestica Val. and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. by capillary electrophoresis. | The three major curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin, from Curcuma domestica Val. (Curcuma longa L.) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) were fully separated and quantified in less than 5 min using a capillary zone electrophoresis method with standard fused-silica capillaries a... |
15194610 | Object-oriented design tools for supramolecular devices and biomedical nanotechnology. | Nanotechnology provides multifunctional agents for in vivo use that increasingly blur the distinction between pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Realization of such therapeutic nanodevices requires multidisciplinary effort that is difficult for individual device developers to sustain, and identification of appropriat... |
15166377 | Multiple catenanes derived from calix[4]arenes. | A multicatenane is described in which two belts consisting of four annelated rings attached to the wide rims of two calix[4]arenes are interwoven in such a way that each ring of one belt penetrates two adjacent rings of the other belt and vice versa. The key step of the synthesis of this [8]catenane is the exclusive fo... |
15166376 | Molecular borromean rings. | The realization of the Borromean link in a wholly synthetic molecular form is reported. The self-assembly of this link, which is topologically achiral, from 18 components by the template-directed formation of 12 imine and 30 dative bonds, associated with the coordination of three interlocked macrocycles, each tetranucl... |
15159420 | Coalignment of plasma membrane channels and protrusions (fibripositors) specifies the parallelism of tendon. | The functional properties of tendon require an extracellular matrix (ECM) rich in elongated collagen fibrils in parallel register. We sought to understand how embryonic fibroblasts elaborate this exquisite arrangement of fibrils. We show that procollagen processing and collagen fibrillogenesis are initiated in Golgi to... |
15157621 | Cholesterol modulates ligand binding and G-protein coupling to serotonin(1A) receptors from bovine hippocampus. | The serotonin(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptor is an important member of the superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-protein-coupled receptors. We have examined the modulatory role of cholesterol on the ligand binding activity and G-protein coupling of the bovine hippocampal 5-HT(1A) receptor by depleting cholesterol from n... |
15154817 | (trans-1,4-bis[(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene)(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes and their supramolecular assemblies with beta-cyclodextrin. | Two novel ruthenium polypyridine complexes, [Ru(bpy)(2)Cl(BPEB)](PF(6)) and ([Ru(bpy)(2)Cl](2)(BPEB))(PF(6))(2) (BPEB = trans-1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene), were synthesized and their characterization carried out by means of elemental analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, positive ion electrospray (ESI-MS), and ta... |
15154801 | Dynamic structural change of a twisted hexaporphyrin complex by highly specific molecular recognition. | The highly specific molecular recognition of a twisted hexaporphyrin complex, tris[5,5'-bis[5,10,15-tris[methoxy(ethoxy)(2)carbonylethyl]porphyrinatozinc(II)]-2,2'-bipyridine]ruthenium(II) chloride (2), is described. Complex 2 has two trisporphyrin binding sites and can bind two triamines, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (3) (... |
15154791 | Supramolecular stereocontrol of octahedral metal-centered chirality. Ligand modulation. | By associating chiral labile [FeL3](2+) complexes with TRISPHAT anions, a stereocontrol of the metal-centered chirality is feasible; the sense of the stereoselective induction and its magnitude strongly depends upon the structure of the diimine ligands (L: bpy, phen). |
15153027 | Synthesis and conformational evaluation of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene-crowns. | Bridging of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene afforded 1,3-dihydroxythiacalix[4]arene-monocrown-5 (3b), 1,2-alternate thiacalix[4]arene-biscrown-4 and -5 (4a,b), and 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene-biscrown-5 and -6 (5a,b), depending on the metal carbonates and oligoethylene glycol ditosylates used. Starting from 1,3-dialk... |
15151395 | Efficient synthesis of poly(phenylazomethine) dendrons allowing access to higher generation dendrimers. | We have developed a novel synthetic method of phenylazomethine dendrons that uses 4,4'-methylenedianiline instead of 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone to synthesize the precursor of the phenylazomethine dendron and then oxidized the precursor to the next-generation dendron. For this method, the productivity of the dendrons has ... |
15151391 | Redox behavior of ferrocene-containing rotaxane: transposition of the rotaxane wheel by redox reaction of a ferrocene moiety tethered at the end of the axle. | A rotaxane with a ferrocene moiety at the axle terminus was prepared. The redox potential of the ferrocene moiety decreased by ca. 80 mV when the rotaxane had a crown ether wheel capable of moving on the axle. Thus, the stabilization of the oxidized state of the ferrocene moiety is assumed to accompany the transpositio... |
15152257 | Structural basis for overhang-specific small interfering RNA recognition by the PAZ domain. | Short RNAs mediate gene silencing, a process associated with virus resistance, developmental control and heterochromatin formation in eukaryotes. RNA silencing is initiated through Dicer-mediated processing of double-stranded RNA into small interfering RNA (siRNA). The siRNA guide strand associates with the Argonaute p... |
15149602 | Structural mechanism for inactivation and activation of CAD/DFF40 in the apoptotic pathway. | CAD/DFF40 is responsible for the degradation of chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal fragments and subsequent chromatin condensation during apoptosis. It exists as an inactive complex with its inhibitor ICAD/DFF45 in proliferating cells but becomes activated upon cleavage of ICAD/DFF45 into three domains by caspases in dyi... |
15149243 | Local and global chirality at surfaces: succinic acid versus tartaric acid on Cu110. | A detailed comparison of tartaric acid (HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-COOH) and succinic acid (HOOC-CH(2)-CH(2)-COOH) molecules on a Cu(110) surface is presented with a view to elucidate how the two-dimensional chirality exhibited by such robust, chemisorbed systems is affected when both OH groups of the former molecule are replaced ... |
15149229 | Directed assembly of transition-metal-coordinated molecular loops and squares from salen-type components. Examples of metalation-controlled structural conversion. | A series of transition-metal-containing molecular "loops" and "squares" has been prepared via a directed-assembly approach and characterized. The molecular loops were prepared from the reaction of cis-(PEt(3))(2)Pt(OTf)(2) with bis(4-pyridyl)-functionalized free-base salen-type ligands. Zn(II)-metalation of the salen-t... |
15149228 | Subphthalocyanines: tuneable molecular scaffolds for intramolecular electron and energy transfer processes. | A series of four subphthalocyanine-C(60) fullerene dyads have been prepared through axial functionalization of the macrocycle with m-hydroxybenzaldehyde and a subsequent dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The subphthalocyanine moiety has been peripherally functionalized with substituents of different electronic character,... |
15149227 | Self-assembling molecular trees containing octa-p-phenylene: from nanocrystals to nanocapsules. | Tree-shaped molecules consisting of octa-p-phenylene as a stem segment and oligoether dendrons as a flexible head were synthesized and characterized. The molecular tree based on a small flexible head self-assembles into a lamellar structure, whereas the molecule based on a larger headgroup self-assembles into a discret... |
15149213 | Distribution and modification of sorption sites in amphiphilic calixarene-based solid lipid nanoparticles from hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. | The site distribution and accessibility in amphiphilic calixarenes-based solid lipid nanoparticles were determined as a function of lipid chain length using in situ 129Xe NMR spectroscopy with flowing hyperpolarized Xe gas. The study illustrates that host cavities in as-prepared materials are increasingly occluded by t... |
15149196 | Osmotic pressure control in response to a specific ion signal at physiological temperature using a molecular recognition ion gating membrane. | A molecular recognition gating ion membrane was prepared by graft copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and benzo[18]crown-6-acrylamide onto the pore surface of porous polyethylene film. This membrane captured Ba2+ with its crown ether receptors and generated osmotic pressure in response to Ba2+ autonomously and re... |
15150116 | Blocking angiogenesis and tumorigenesis with GFA-116, a synthetic molecule that inhibits binding of vascular endothelial growth factor to its receptor. | A small synthetic library of cyclohexapeptidomimetic calixarenes was prepared to identify disrupters of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its receptor that inhibits angiogenesis. From this library, we discovered GFA-116, which potently inhibits (125)I-VEGF binding to Flk-1 in Flk-1-overexpressing NIH... |
15147880 | Co-localization of CD3 and prion protein in Jurkat lymphocytes after hypothermal stimulation. | While long-term effects of temperature treatment in respect of, e.g., gene-expression and cellular function have already been studied in some detail, nothing is known on the physiological responses of lymphocytes during short-term hypothermal shifts. In this report, we characterized the effects of such a stimulation us... |
15147870 | Cellular cholesterol regulates MT1 MMP dependent activation of MMP 2 via MEK-1 in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. | Unstimulated human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) constitutively secrete matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) as a proenzyme requiring proteolytic cleavage by membrane type-1 MMP (MT1 MMP) for activation. Physiological and pharmacological stimuli induce clustering of MT1 MMP/tissue inhibitor of MMP 2 "receptors", promoting ... |
15147862 | Cholesterol perturbing agents inhibit NMDA-dependent calcium influx in rat hippocampal primary culture. | The present study was carried out to investigate the potential involvement of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains in the mobilization of calcium induced by NMDA-receptors (NMDA-R). We herein provide evidence that agents interfering with plasma membrane cholesterol (namely, filipin and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Cdex)... |
15147210 | Two-site binding of beta-cyclodextrin to the Alzheimer Abeta(1-40) peptide measured with combined PFG-NMR diffusion and induced chemical shifts. | The interactions of Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide with cyclodextrins were studied by (1)H NMR: the translational diffusion coefficient of the peptide and chemical shift changes were studied by the presence of variable concentrations of cyclodextrins. For the full-length peptide, Abeta(1-40), the combined results of ... |
15147191 | Dissecting the binding energy epitope of a high-affinity variant of human growth hormone: cooperative and additive effects from combining mutations from independently selected phage display mutagenesis libraries. | Phage display mutagenesis is a widely used approach to engineering novel protein properties and is especially powerful in probing structure-function relationships in molecular recognition processes. The relative contributions of additive and cooperative binding forces and the influence of conformational diversity in pr... |
15147172 | Aqueous RAFT polymerization: recent developments in synthesis of functional water-soluble (co)polymers with controlled structures. | Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has been the focus of intensive research over the past few years since this methodology allows the synthetic tailoring of macromolecules with complex architectures including block, graft, comb, and star structures with predetermined molecular weight... |
15146248 | Autologous lymphoma vaccines induce human T cell responses against multiple, unique epitopes. | The clonotypic surface Ig receptor expressed by malignant B cells, idiotype, is a tumor-specific antigen and an attractive target for active immunotherapy. While Ab's specific for tumor idiotype have been well described in patients with B cell malignancies, the precise antigenic epitopes in human idiotype recognized by... |
15146246 | TLR2 is mobilized into an apical lipid raft receptor complex to signal infection in airway epithelial cells. | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate host responses to bacterial gene products. As the airway epithelium is potentially exposed to many diverse inhaled bacteria, TLRs involved in defense of the airways must be broadly responsive, available at the exposed apical surface of the cells, and highly regulated to prevent activa... |
15146242 | Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9. | Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization and has been implicated in disorders of neurovascular regulation such as stroke, head trauma, and migraine. In this study, we found that CSD alters blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by activating brain MMPs. Beginning at... |
15144187 | Solvent extraction of sr2+ and cs+ based on room-temperature ionic liquids containing monoaza-substituted crown ethers. | A series of N-alkyl aza-18-crown-6 ethers were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. These monoaza-substituted crown ethers in ionic liquids were investigated as recyclable extractants for separation of Sr(2+) and Cs(+) from aqueous solutions. The pH-sensitive complexation capability ... |
15143637 | Spinning-disk self-referencing interferometry of antigen-antibody recognition. | A gold ridge microstructure fabricated to a height of lambda/8 on a high-reflectivity substrate behaves as a wave-front-splitting self-referencing interferometer in phase quadrature when illuminated by a Gaussian laser beam and observed in the far field along the optic axis. When immuno-gammaglobulin (IgG) antibodies a... |
15142334 | Bupivacaine hydrochloride complexation with some alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins studied by potentiometry with membrane electrodes. | Membrane electrodes selective to bupivacaine cations were developed and those with PVC-dibutylphthalate membrane containing sparingly soluble bupivacaine phosphotungstate appeared to be the most suitable. Inclusion complexation of bupivacaine cations with cyclodextrins was studied by potentiometric measurements of the ... |
15140193 | Uptake and transport of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL-associated alpha-tocopherol by an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. | The present study aimed to investigate pathways that contribute to uptake and transcytosis of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and HDL-associated alpha-tocopherol (alpha TocH) across an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells HDL-associated alpha TocH was ta... |
15141299 | Computational approaches to structural and functional analysis of plastocyanin and other blue copper proteins. | Computational techniques are becoming increasingly important in structural and functional biology, in particular as tools to aid the interpretation of experimental results and the design of new systems. This review reports on recent studies employing a variety of computational approaches to unravel the microscopic deta... |
15139644 | Ultrasonic relaxation due to inclusion complex of amino acid by beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution. | Ultrasonic absorption coefficients in the frequency range of 0.8-95 MHz were measured in aqueous solutions of L-methionine or L-norleucine (guest) in the presence and absence of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD, host) at 25 degrees C. A single relaxational absorption was observed only in the solutions containing the guest an... |
15138292 | A role for myosin-1A in the localization of a brush border disaccharidase. | To gain insight regarding myosin-1A (M1A) function, we expressed a dominant negative fragment of this motor in the intestinal epithelial cell line, CACO-2BBE. Sucrase isomaltase (SI), a transmembrane disaccharidase found in microvillar lipid rafts, was missing from the brush border (BB) in cells expressing this fragmen... |
15137778 | Solvent-induced self-assembly of mixed poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene brushes on planar silica substrates: molecular weight effect. | The effect of molecular weight on the solvent-induced self-assembly of mixed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polystyrene (PS) brushes on silicon wafers was studied. For a series of mixed brushes with a fixed PMMA M(n) and systematically changed PS M(n), a transition in water advancing contact angle (theta(a)) from 74 ... |
15137774 | Designing libraries of first generation AB3 and AB2 self-assembling dendrons via the primary structure generated from combinations of (AB)(y)-AB3 and (AB)(y)-AB2 building blocks. | Structural analysis of three libraries of up to five generations of self-assembling dendrons based on AB(3), AB(2), and combinations of AB(3) with AB(2) building blocks (Percec et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 1302) facilitated the discovery of several nanoscale lattices previously unknown for organic compounds (3-D... |
15137773 | Threshold detection using indicator-displacement assays: an application in the analysis of malate in Pinot Noir grapes. | The mathematics for modeling indicator-displacement assay isotherms is presented and contrasted to the classical host-guest binding isotherm. It is shown that the signal response can be tuned to occur closer to 1 equiv of guest relative to a standard binding algorithm. This delay in response leads to a better triggerin... |
15138491 | Alterations of the expression of T-cell-related costimulatory CD28 and downregulatory CD152 (CTLA-4) molecules in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | In the present study, we have examined the kinetics and magnitude of expression of the CD28 and CD152 molecules on unstimulated and anti-CD3+rIL-2-stimulated peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and controls. The mean percentages of both CD3+/CD4+/CD28+ and CD3+/... |
15138476 | Induction of tetrasomy by human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein is independent of pRb binding and disruption of differentiation. | We have demonstrated previously that high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) induce tetrasomy in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. In this study we show that the E6 and E7 genes of high-risk HPV-16, but not those of low-risk HPV-6, are independently able to induce tetrasomy when constitutively e... |
15136044 | In vitro characterization of FlgB, FlgC, FlgF, FlgG, and FliE, flagellar basal body proteins of Salmonella. | The bacterial flagellar basal body is a rotary motor. It spans the cytoplasmic and outer membranes and drives rapid rotation of a long helical filament in the cell exterior. The flagellar rod at its central axis is a drive shaft that transmits torque through the hook to the filament to propel the bacterial locomotion. ... |
15134531 | Combinatorial synthesis of biheterocyclic benzimidazoles by microwave irradiation. | Liquid phasel synthesis of biheterocyclic benzimidazoles by controlled microwave irradiation was investigated. Polymer immobilized o-phenylenediamines was synthesized under microwave irradiation. The resulting PEG bound diamines was N-acylated with 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid selectively in primary aromatic amino moie... |
15134530 | Anti-endotoxin agents. 1. Development of a fluorescent probe displacement method optimized for the rapid identification of lipopolysaccharide-binding agents. | Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), otherwise termed 'endotoxins', are outer-membrane constituents of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of 'Septic Shock', a major cause of mortality in the critically ill patient. Therapeutic options aimed at limiting downstream systemic inflammatory... |
15132571 | Carbonylative ring expansion of aziridines to beta-lactams with rhodium-complexed dendrimers on a resin. | Rhodium-complexed dendrimers, supported on a resin, were evaluated as catalysts for the carbonylative ring expansion reactions of a variety of aziridines with carbon monoxide to give beta-lactams. The effects of reaction temperature, solvent, time, and pressure of carbon monoxide on this transformation were also invest... |
15132565 | Self-assembly of nanoscopic coordination cages using a flexible tripodal amide containing linker. | Flexible, nanoscopic 3D cages containing the amide functionality were prepared via coordination-driven self-assembly from palladium(II) based 90 degrees ditopic acceptor units and a tripod N,N',N''-tris(3-pyridyl)trimesic amide. Both cages were characterized by NMR ((31)P, (1)H) and electrospray ionization mass spectro... |
15132563 | Fluorophore appended saccharide cyclophane: self-association, fluorescent properties, heterodimers with cyclodextrins, and cross-linking behavior with peanut agglutinin of dansyl-modified saccharide cyclophane. | A saccharide cyclophane bearing an environment-sensitive fluorophore (1) was prepared by introducing not only three branches with a terminal galactose residue but also one with a dansyl moiety into a tetraaza[6.1.6.1]paracyclophane skeleton. Self-association behavior of the dansyl-appended saccharide cyclophane was cha... |
15132546 | Binding ability and assembly behavior of beta-cyclodextrin complexes with 2,2'-dipyridine and 4,4'-dipyridine. | Two channel-type supramolecular aggregations 1 and 2 were prepared by the inclusion complex of beta-cyclodextrin with 2,2'-dipyridine and 4,4'-dipyridine, respectively, and their binding ability and assembly behavior were investigated comprehensively by X-ray crystallography, (1)H NMR, circular dichroism spectra, and m... |
15132530 | Exo- and endo-receptors in one. A novel class of supramolecular structures housing transition-metal-binding bi- and terpyridine units alongside lithium ion-selective trispirotetrahydrofuranyl components. | The preparation of bipyridine and terpyridine ligands covalently linked via acetylenic and alkoxy tethers to rigid inositol orthoformate platforms is described. The constitution of compounds 3-6 is such that latent exo- and endo-receptor properties are simultaneously present with specific binding sites for Li(+) and tr... |
15132629 | On the road to a termolecular complex with acetone: a heterometallic supramolecular network [[Rh(2)(O(2)CCF(3))(4)].micro(2)-OCMe(2).[Cu(4)(O(2)CCF(3))(4)]]. | A novel heterometallic supramolecular network [[Rh(2)(O(2)CCF(3))(4)].micro(2)-OCMe(2).[Cu(4)(O(2)CCF(3))(4)]](2)( infinity ) has been prepared by codeposition of the volatile mono(acetone) adduct [Rh(2)(O(2)CCF(3))(4).eta(1)-OCMe(2)](2) and copper(I) trifluoroacetate, [Cu(4)(O(2)CCF(3))(4)]. The product is of interest... |
15132627 | Dendrimers with a copper(I) bis(phenanthroline) core: synthesis, electronic properties, and kinetics. | The copper(I) bis(chelate) complex Cu(L(0))(2) has been prepared from 2,9-diphenethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)BF(4). Derivative Cu(L(0))(2) has been characterized by NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, owing to the presence of the ethylene linker, the interligand pi-pi stac... |
15132618 | Preparation and solid-state characterization of mixed-ligand coordination/organometallic oligomers and polymers of copper(I) and silver(I) using diphosphine and mono- and diisocyanide ligands. | The dimers [Cu(2)(dppm)(2)(CN-t-Bu)(3)](BF(4))(2) and [Ag(2)(dppm)(2)(CN-t-Bu)(2)](X)(2) (X(-) = BF(4)(-), ClO(4)(-)) and the coordination polymers [[M(diphos)(CN-t-Bu)(2)]BF(4)](n) (M = Cu, Ag; diphos = bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb), bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane (dpppen), bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane (dpph)), [... |
14977424 | Characterization of an ankyrin repeat-containing Shank2 isoform (Shank2E) in liver epithelial cells. | Shank proteins are a family of multidomain scaffolding proteins best known for their role in organizing the postsynaptic density region in neurons. Unlike Shank1 and Shank3, Shank2 [also known as Pro-SAP1 (proline-rich synapse-associated protein 1), CortBP1 (cortactin binding protein 1) or Spank-3] has been described a... |
15128828 | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase form a supramolecular complex in human neutrophils that undergoes retrograde trafficking during pregnancy. | Neutrophils from pregnant women display reduced neutrophil-mediated effector functions, such as reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) release. Because the NADPH oxidase and NO synthase produce ROMs and NO, the availability of their substrate NADPH is a potential regulatory factor. NADPH is produced by glucose-6-phosphate de... |
15128767 | CD28 signals in the immature immunological synapse. | T cell recognition of peptide-MHC complexes on APCs results in the aggregation of TCRs at a central supramolecular activation complex (c-SMAC) within a mature immunological synapse. T cells require a second "costimulatory" signal for activation, the most important of which, for naive T cells, is from CD28. However the ... |
15128584 | Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a newly discovered enteric bacterium, Leclercia adecarboxylata. | A bacterial strain, PS4040, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for use as the sole carbon source was isolated from oily-sludge-contaminated soil. The 16S rRNA gene showed 98.8% homology to that of Leclercia adecarboxylata. Comparative molecular typing with the clinical strain of L. adecarboxylata rev... |
15126480 | Complexity of gas vesicle biogenesis in Halobacterium sp. strain NRC-1: identification of five new proteins. | The genome of Halobacterium sp. strain NRC-1 contains a large gene cluster, gvpMLKJIHGFEDACNO, that is both necessary and sufficient for the production of buoyant gas-filled vesicles. Due to the resistance of gas vesicles to solubilization, only the major gas vesicle protein GvpA and a single minor protein, GvpC, were ... |
15126474 | Characterization of monospecies biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori. | As all bacteria studied to date, the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has an alternate lifestyle as a biofilm. H. pylori forms biofilms on glass surfaces at the air-liquid interface in stationary or shaking batch cultures. By light microscopy, we have observed attachment of individual, spiral H. pylori to glass sur... |
15126455 | Dual control of Helicobacter pylori heat shock gene transcription by HspR and HrcA. | The HspR repressor regulates transcription of the groESL, hrcA-grpE-dnaK, and cbpA-hspR-orf operons of Helicobacter pylori. Here we show that two of the HspR-regulated operons, namely, the groESL and dnaK operons, encoding the major cellular chaperone machineries are also regulated by the H. pylori homologue of the Hrc... |
15125673 | Mechanism of host-guest complexation by cucurbituril. | The factors affecting host-guest complexation between the molecular container compound cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) and various guests in aqueous solution are studied, and a detailed complexation mechanism in the presence of cations is derived. The formation of the supramolecular complex is studied in detail for cyclohexylmet... |
15125672 | Synthesis of polyphenylene dendrimers related to "cubic graphite". | Four large, 6-fold symmetric, polyphenylene hydrocarbons have been prepared by short syntheses that chiefly employed alkyne trimerization, palladium-catalyzed coupling, and Diels-Alder reactions. The two largest of these molecules, hexakis[4'-(pentaphenylphenyl)biphenyl-4-yl]benzene (4, C(294)H(198)) and hexakis[4'-(2,... |
15125658 | Electroconductive Langmuir-Blodgett films containing a carotenoid amphiphile for sugar recognition. | Fabrication of electroconductive molecules has attracted the most interest in nanotechnology. To date, molecules bearing a long conjugated bond have been synthesized, and they exhibited electric conduction. If molecular recognition sites could be attached to the conducting molecules, the conducting molecules can be con... |
15127433 | Nanolithography and nanochemistry: probe-related patterning techniques and chemical modification for nanometer-sized devices. | The size regime for devices produced by photolithographic techniques is limited. Therefore, other patterning techniques have been intensively studied to create smaller structures. Scanning-probe-based patterning techniques, such as dip-pen lithography, local force-induced patterning, and local-probe oxidation-based tec... |
15124810 | Chiral separation and modeling of the three-chiral-center beta-blocker drug nadolol by simulated moving bed chromatography. | Nadolol, a beta-blocker used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris, has three chiral centers and is currently marketed as an equal mixture of its four stereoisomers. Resolution of three of the four stereoisomers of nadolol was obtained previously by HPLC, with a complete separation of the most active en... |
15122888 | Mixed regioselectivity in the Arg-177 mutants of Corynebacterium diphtheriae heme oxygenase as a consequence of in-plane heme disorder. | It has been reported that the R183E and R183D mutants of rat heme oxygenase-1 (r-HO-1) produce approximately 30% delta-biliverdin [Zhou, H., et al. (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 8311-8312]. Two plausible mechanisms were proposed to explain the observations. (a) Electrostatic repulsion between E183 (D183) and one of the... |
15121857 | Sequential activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, beta Pix, Rac1, and Nox1 in growth factor-induced production of H2O2. | The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells stimulated with growth factors requires the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Rac protein. We report here that the COOH-terminal region of Nox1, a protein related to gp91(phox) (Nox2) of phagocytic cells, is constitutively associated with... |
15113926 | Impact of mutations in the coreceptor binding site on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fusion, infection, and entry inhibitor sensitivity. | An increasingly large number of antiviral agents that prevent entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into cells are in preclinical and clinical development. The envelope (Env) protein of HIV is the major viral determinant that affects sensitivity to these compounds. To understand how changes in Env can impact entr... |
15113923 | CD4-induced T-20 binding to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 blocks interaction with the CXCR4 coreceptor. | The synthetic peptide T-20, which corresponds to a sequence within the C-terminal heptad repeat region (HR2) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 envelope glycoprotein, potently inhibits viral membrane fusion and entry. Although T-20 is thought to bind the N-terminal heptad repeat region (HR1) of gp4... |
15113915 | Identification of the nuclear export signal and STAT-binding domains of the Nipah virus V protein reveals mechanisms underlying interferon evasion. | The V proteins of Nipah virus and Hendra virus have been demonstrated to bind to cellular STAT1 and STAT2 proteins to form high-molecular-weight complexes that inhibit interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral transcription by preventing STAT nuclear accumulation. Analysis of the Nipah virus V protein has revealed a region be... |
15113909 | Copatching and lipid raft association of different viral glycoproteins expressed on the surfaces of pseudorabies virus-infected cells. | Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a swine alphaherpesvirus that is closely related to human herpes simplex virus (HSV). Both PRV and HSV express a variety of viral envelope glycoproteins in the plasma membranes of infected cells. Here we show that at least four major PRV glycoproteins (gB, gC, gD, and gE) in the plasma membr... |
15113905 | Analysis of host range phenotypes of primate hepadnaviruses by in vitro infections of hepatitis D virus pseudotypes. | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and woolly monkey hepatitis B virus (WMHBV) have natural host ranges that are limited to closely related species. The barrier for infection of primates seems to be at the adsorption and/or entry steps of the viral replication cycle, since a human hepatoma cell line is permissive for HBV and WMHB... |
15113900 | Migration of antigen-specific T cells away from CXCR4-binding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120. | Cell-mediated immunity depends in part on appropriate migration and localization of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), a process regulated by chemokines and adhesion molecules. Many viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), encode chemotactically active proteins, suggesting that dysregulation of immun... |
15113229 | Making a molecular wire: charge and spin transport through para-phenylene oligomers. | Functional molecular wires are essential for the development of molecular electronics. Charge transport through molecules occurs primarily by means of two mechanisms, coherent superexchange and incoherent charge hopping. Rates of charge transport through molecules in which superexchange dominates decrease approximately... |
15110534 | Rotavirus RRV associates with lipid membrane microdomains during cell entry. | Rotavirus cell entry is a multistep process, not completely understood, which requires at least four interactions between the virus and cell surface molecules. In this work, we investigated the role of the sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains (rafts) in the entry of rotavirus strain RRV to MA104 ce... |
15112223 | Selective complexation and transport of europium ions at the interface of vesicles. | The aim of the present work was to design functionalized lipidic membranes that can selectively interact with lanthanide ions at the interface and to exploit the interaction between membranes induced by this molecular-recognition process with a view to building up self-assembled vesicles or controlling the permeability... |
15112215 | Metallosupramolecular zippers generated by self-organization of self-complementary molecular clefts. | The binding of Co(2+) and Pb(2+) ions to the terpyridine and pyridine subunits of the ligand 1 leads to the self-complementary molecular clefts 2-6, which result from the crossover combination of orthogonal-terpyridine and linear-pyridine metal-coordination subprograms and are stabilized by strong pi-pi stacking intera... |
15112202 | Sterically and guest-controlled self-assembly of calix[4]arene derivatives. | In solvents such as chloroform or benzene, tetraurea calix[4]arenes 1 form dimeric capsules in which one solvent molecule is usually included as guest. To explore the structural requirements for the formation of such hydrogen-bonded dimers we replaced one p-tolylurea residue by a simple acetamide function. The resultin... |
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