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19684877 | Dielectrophoresis-Based Sample Handling in General-Purpose Programmable Diagnostic Instruments. | As the molecular origins of disease are better understood, the need for affordable, rapid, and automated technologies that enable microscale molecular diagnostics has become apparent. Widespread use of microsystems that perform sample preparation and molecular analysis could ensure that the benefits of new biomedical d... |
19461942 | Minimalist proteins: Design of new molecular recognition scaffolds. | We hypothesize that we can exploit what Nature has already evolved by manipulating the alpha-helix molecular recognition scaffold. Therefore, minimalist proteins capable of sequence-specific, high-affinity binding of DNA were generated to probe how proteins are used and can be used to recognize DNA. The already minimal... |
18969271 | EXAFS investigations of strontium complexation by a polymer-supported crown ether. | Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements have been used to probe the coordination environment of strontium ion sorbed from aqueous nitric acid solutions on an extraction chromatographic resin comprising a macrocyclic polyether dispersed on a polymeric support. The strontium EXAFS of the metal ions ... |
18629142 | Workshop--Predicting the structure of biological molecules. | This April, in Cambridge (UK), principal investigators from the Mathematical Biology Group of the Medical Research Council's National Institute of Medical Research organized a workshop in structural bioinformatics at the Centre for Mathematical Sciences. Bioinformatics researchers of several nationalities from labs aro... |
18465254 | Formulations for natural and peptide nucleic acids based on cationic polymeric submicron particles. | This article describes the production and characterization of cationic submicron particles constituted with Eudragit RS 100, plus different cationic surfactants, such as dioctadecyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide (DDAB18) and diisobutyphenoxyethyl-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DEBDA), as a transport and delivery system ... |
18365080 | Synthesis, structure, properties and biological behaviour of the complex [RuIV (H2L) Cl2].2H2O (H4L= 1,2-cyclohexanediamminetetraacetic acid). | The highly water-soluble ruthenium complex [Ru(H(2)L)Cl(2)](2)H(2)o, in which H(4)L is the sequestering ligand trans-l, 2-cyclohexanediamminetetraacetic acid (cdta) has been synthesized, structurally characterized and its properties studied. The X-ray crystallographic study shows that the chelating coordinated ligand i... |
18365079 | Calixarenes and their biomimetic applications. | The synthetic models for the structures, spectroscopic properties and catalytic activities of metalloprotein active sites have been reviewed. Calixarenes were used as new biomimetic catalysts because of their advantage of providing preorganiiation of the catalytic group, which can bind the substrate dynamically that re... |
18365078 | Template synthesis of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes derived from oxamide ligand and the reactivity of Cu(II) complex towards human serum albumin. | A new oxamide ligand 2,2'-(oxalydimino)bis(diacetic acid)[C(10)H(11)O(10)N(2)],[L] has been synthesized by the condensation reaction of Iminodiacetic acid and Diethyloxalate. This ligand [L] was further allowed to interact with triethylene-tetraamine metal complexes [C(16)H(26)N(6)O(8)M]Cl(2) (where M=Co(11), Ni(11) an... |
18365075 | Biological and clinical aspects of Lanthanide coordination compounds. | The coordinating chemistry of lanthanides, relevant to the biological, biochemical and medical aspects, makes a significant contribution to understanding the basis of application of lanthanides, particularly in biological and medical systems. The importance of the applications of lanthanides, as an excellent diagnostic... |
18365066 | Alkali-ion-crown ether in art and conservation: the applied bioinorganic chemistry approach. | Dried varnish is rich in many ester moieties, which may be broken down into small, soluble compounds by esterase activity or alkaline hydrolysis. Two methods for varnish removal have been developed, including the treatment of either lipase or RbOH / PEG-400 crown ether which allow aged oil varnishes or paint coverings ... |
18333060 | Surgical treatment of multiple cystic echinococcosis. | <h4>Background</h4>Multiple hydatid disease is a complex surgical problem, and its treatment can follow either conservative principles (drainage or obliteration of the cavity) or radical principles (cystoperi-cystectomy or liver or lung resection).<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 220 patients with multiple cystic echinococco... |
17271562 | Digital microfluidics for bioassays and drug delivery. | This presentation will focus on the development of microscale and nanoscale platform technologies for the interrogation and manipulation of biological and physiological activities. One platform we are developing can generate micro and nanoscale droplets/particles/vesicles by controlling amphiphilic interfaces in microf... |
17271522 | A nanotechnology-based analog of monoclonal antibodies for targeted delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. | The goal of our research is in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. This includes but is not limited to the imaging of protein expression. Dendrimers are an extremely monodisperse polymer used in many types of targeted delivery. Dendrimer families currently used have only one type of surface functional group. Thus when... |
17271919 | Using electrostatic self-assembled gradient nanosensor phantoms for calibration of an optical intrinsic signal imaging system. | Wide-field optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging has been used in functional cortex mapping for its excellent spatial resolution. To compensate for its low temporal resolution, extrinsic dye signals have been introduced. Fluorescence spectroscopy in the form of nanoengineered sensors has also been used to detect bioch... |
17191781 | The first chemical synthesis of a cyclodextrin heteroduplex. | The synthesis of the first heteroduplex of cyclodextrin (CD) 11, i.e., a compound in which the two primary rims of alpha- and beta-CDs are doubly connected, was achieved. The selected strategy involved a Sonogashira coupling of propargylated beta-CD 6 and iodo-alkenyl alpha-CD 4 to singly connect the two CDs. A ring-cl... |
17191774 | Polarized vesicles in molecular recognition and catalysis. | This account summarizes studies on chemistry in polarized vesicles with rigid-rod molecules. Examples for the recognition of and self-assembly, molecular recognition, and catalysis in polarized vesicles are discussed with emphasis on 'remote control' by dipole-potential interactions and electrostatic steering. |
17166142 | Sensitivity of 70-mer oligonucleotides and cDNAs for microarray analysis of gene expression in Arabidopsis and its related species. | Synthetic oligonucleotides (oligos) represent an attractive alternative to cDNA amplicons for spotted microarray analysis in a number of model organisms, including Arabidopsis, C. elegans, Drosophila, human, mouse and yeast. However, little is known about the relative effectiveness of 60-70-mer oligos and cDNAs for det... |
17150499 | Electrochemical gene detection by using adamantyl naphthalene diimide coupled with ferrocenyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The adamantyl moieties of adamantylnaphthalene diimide (AND) can be incorporated into the cavity of ferrocenyl-beta-cyclodextrin even where they are bound to double stranded DNA by threading intercalation. When this ternary complex is formed on the DNA probe-immobilized electrode, electrochemical DNA detection is feasi... |
17150496 | Formation of dendrimeric RNA assemblies though RNA loop-loop interactions. | We describe the construction of nano-scale dendritic assemblies using RNA building blocks based on dimerization initiation site (DIS) RNA of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that forms stable base pairing through loop-loop ("kissing") interactions. RNA building blocks containing three DIS-like hairpins c... |
16438115 | Reduction of plasma lactate elevation and proteinuria by a complex dietary supplement in swimmers during over-loading training. | Endurance training aiming at eliciting further increase of physical performance of competitive athletes demands serious time and intensity constraints. In addition, very high intensity training could lead to "over-loading" frequently associated with increased concentration of plasma lactate after maximum intensity exer... |
16328825 | The Unfinished Story of Cytochrome f. | Cytochrome f is a unique, integral membrane protein. The background to its discovery by Robert Hill (1899-1991) and Ronald Scarisbrick over 60 years ago and the influence of David Keilin (1887-1963) and Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861-1947) are discussed. The development of methods for isolating cytochrome f is outline... |
16328813 | Steps on the Way to Building Blocks, Topologies, Crystals and X-ray Structural Analysis of Photosystems I and II of Water-oxidizing Photosynthesis. | Basic structural elements of the two photosystems and their component electron donors, acceptors, and carriers were revealed by newly developed spectroscopic methods in the 1960s and subsequent years. The spatial organization of these constituents within the functional membrane was elucidated by electrochromic band shi... |
16305371 | Development of topically effective formulations of acetazolamide using HP-beta-CD-polymer co-complexes. | The myriad of side effects induced by acetazolamide (oral use), the introduction of newer topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI's) and the advent of other antiglaucoma medications has led to a decreased interest in acetazolamide. The use of cyclodextrins to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly solu... |
16233621 | Dendrimer-immobilized culture surface as a tool to evaluate formation of cellular cytoskeleton of anchorage-dependent cells. | Anchorage-dependent cultivation of human epithelial and keratinocyte cells was carried out on surfaces modified with synthesized dendrimers. Notable elongation of the epithelial cells was recognized on the culture surface immobilized with a dendrimer having D-glucose as a functional ligand, but not when a dendrimer hav... |
15925898 | A new modular polyketide synthase in the erythromycin producer Saccharopolyspora erythraea. | A previously unidentified set of genes encoding a modular polyketide synthase (PKS) has been sequenced in Saccharopolyspora erythraea, producer of the antibiotic erythromycin. This new PKS gene cluster (pke) contains four adjacent large open reading frames (ORFs) encoding eight extension modules, flanked by a number of... |
15841921 | Assessment of cellular damage by comet assay after photodynamic therapy in vitro. | The aim of this study was analysis of DNA damage in the cell line of the human melanoma G361 after photodynamic therapy (PDT) by comet assay. Photodynamic therapy is based on cytotoxic action of sensitizers (10 microM ZnTPPS4 fixed into 1 mM cyclodextrin hpbetaCD) and light with a suitable wavelength. Single-cell gel e... |
15841918 | The cellular uptake of sensitizers bound to cyclodextrin carriers. | Photodynamic therapy of cancer uses the interaction of sensitizers and light to destroy cancer cells. In this study we tested the cellular uptake of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4) and its complex PdTPPS4 in the presence or absence of 2-hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins (hpCDs) on G361 human melanoma cells. ... |
15841917 | Spectral characteristics of the supramolecular complexes of polypyrrolic sensitizers and cyclodextrin carriers: usage in photodynamic therapy of tumors. | The objective of our work was to describe the photophysical properties (absorption and fluorescence) of the sensitizers TPPS4, ZnTPPS4 a PdTPPS4 and above all the complexes of these sensitizers with cyclodextrin carriers HP-alpha-CD, HP-beta-CD and HP-gamma-CD (2-hydroxypropyl-alpha, beta, gamma-cyclodextrin) in a suit... |
15782772 | Endophytes--the chemical synthesizers inside plants. | Endophytes are microbial entities that live within living tissues of plants. In most cases their relationship with the host plant is symbiotic and probably mutualistic. Many are capable of synthesizing bio-active compounds that can be used by the plant for defense against pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Some of these co... |
15739213 | Ultrafast dynamics of a solution in spatially restricted environments studied by photothermal spectroscopies. | The ultrafast dynamics of a solution in spatially restricted environments was studied by using the ultrafast transient lens (UTL) method. The UTL method is used to monitor the molecular dynamics of a solution by means of a change in the refractive index, which is advantageous for investigating the molecular dynamics of... |
15745027 | Preparation of PAMAM- and PPI-metal (silver, platinum, and palladium) nanocomposites and their catalytic activities for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. | Dendrimer-metal (silver, platinum, and palladium) nanocomposites are prepared in aqueous solutions containing poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with surface amino groups (generations 3, 4, and 5) or poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers with surface amino groups (generations 2, 3, and 4). The particle sizes of the me... |
15745001 | Fluorescence delineation of the surfactant microstructures in the CTAB-sOS-H2O catanionic system. | A key feature of amphiphilic molecules is their ability to undergo self-assembly, a process in which a complex hierarchical structure is established without external intervention. Ternary systems consisting of aqueous mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants exhibit a rich array of self-assembled microstructures su... |
15744991 | Facile tailoring of film morphology and release properties using layer-by-layer assembly of thermoresponsive materials. | Layer-by-layer self-assembly was used to prepare thermoresponsive thin films of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) based on hydrogen bonding. The temperature of PNIPAAm adsorption was shown to significantly affect both the mass proportion of PNIPAAm in the film and the film surface morph... |
15743094 | Supramolecular self-assembly of inclusion complexes of a multiarm hyperbranched polyether with cyclodextrins. | A new class of crystalline inclusion complexes of a multiarm hyperbranched polyether combined with various cyclodextrins (CDs) was successfully prepared. Using self-condensing ring-opening polymerization, a kind of multiarm polyether with a hyperbranched poly(3-ethyl-3-oxetanemethanol) core and multiple linear poly(eth... |
15743089 | Binding the tobacco mosaic virus to inorganic surfaces. | We studied the adsorption behavior and surface chemistry of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) on well-defined metal and insulator surfaces. TMV serves as a tubular supramolecular model system with precisely known surface termination. We show that if the surface chemistry of the substrate and the pH-dependent chemistry of ... |
15702419 | Chromosome size and origin as determinants of the level of CENP-A incorporation into human centromeres. | We have expressed an EGFP-CENP-A fusion protein in human cells in order to quantitate the level of CENP-A incorporated into normal and variant human centromeres. The results revealed a 3.2-fold difference in the level of CENP-A incorporation into alpha-satellite repeat DNA-based centromeres, with the Y centromere showi... |
15702417 | LINE-1 amplification accompanies explosive genome repatterning in rodents. | Transposable elements (TEs) sometimes induce karyotypic changes following recombination, breakage and rearrangement. We used FISH and Southern blot analyses to investigate the amount and distribution of LINE-1 retrotransposons in rodents (genus Taterillus, Muridae, Gerbillinae) that have recently undergone an important... |
15727147 | [Prophylaxis of fungal infection in patients with hematologic neoplasms and severe neutropenia after high-dose chemotherapy]. | Infection is one of the main causes of death in patients with hemoblastoses. Within the last years there was observed an increase in the ratio of fungal infections in the structure of mortality among hematologic patients with neutropenia. The present study was aimed at comparative estimation of the efficacy of the prop... |
15712114 | A neural network method for identification of RNA-interacting residues in protein. | Identification of the most putative RNA-interacting residues in protein is an important and challenging problem in a field of molecular recognition. Structural analysis of protein-RNA complexes reveals a strong correlation between interaction residues and their structure. Building on this viewpoint, we have developed a... |
15709378 | [Studies on the preparation technology of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound for chuanxiong volatile oil extracted with CO2 supercritical fluid]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To explore the preparation technology of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound for chuanxiong volatile oil.<h4>Method</h4>Orthogonal test was used to evaluate the influence of the 4 factors, including the proportion of volatile oil to beta-cyclodextrin, the mode of mixing, inclusion temperature and mix... |
15709370 | [Investigation and application of powdering technique on oily drug of the traditional Chinese medicine]. | To review the development and application of powdering technique on oily drug of the traditional Chinese medicine. There have been numerous methods of powdering technique on oily drug, such as preparing complexation, microcapsule, adsorption by adsorbent, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc. And beta-Cyclodextrin complexati... |
15702421 | Karyotype of canine soft tissue sarcomas: a multi-colour, multi-species approach to canine chromosome painting. | Many canine tumour types represent useful models for tumours also found in humans. Studies of chromosomal abnormalities in canine tumours have been impeded by the complexity of the canine karyotype (2n = 78), which has made accurate identification of rearranged chromosomes difficult and laborious. To overcome this diff... |
15702420 | Nature of telomere dimers and chromosome looping in human spermatozoa. | Specific and well-organized chromosome architecture in human sperm cells is supported by the prominent interactions between centromeres and between telomeres. The telomere-telomere interactions result in telomere dimers that are positioned at the nuclear periphery. It is unknown whether composition of sperm telomere di... |
15702418 | Molecular characterization and evolution of X and Y-borne ATRX homologues in American marsupials. | In eutherians, the sex-reversing ATRX gene on the X has no homologue on the Y chromosome. However, testis-specific and ubiquitously expressed X-borne genes have been identified in Australian marsupials. We studied nucleotide sequence and chromosomal location of ATRX homologues in two American marsupials, the opossums D... |
15702416 | Rearrangements of the telomeric region of mouse chromosome 11 in Pre-B ABL/MYC cells revealed by mBANDing, spectral karyotyping, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization with a subtelomeric probe. | Previous work has demonstrated that chromosome 11 is trisomic or shows a duplicated region encompassing the E1/E2 band of chromosome 11 in 90% of v-abl/myc-induced plasmacytomas (Wiener et al. 1995). In the present report, we have studied BALB/c PreB lymphocytes that were immortalized by v-abl and stably transfected wi... |
15702415 | X chromosome painting in Microtus: origin and evolution of the giant sex chromosomes. | Sex chromosomes in species of the genus Microtus present some characteristic features that make them a very interesting group to study sex chromosome composition and evolution. M. cabrerae and M. agrestis have enlarged sex chromosomes (known as 'giant sex chromosomes') due to the presence of large heterochromatic block... |
15702414 | A repeat DNA sequence from the Y chromosome in species of the genus Microtus. | In most mammals, the Y chromosome is composed of a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin. In some Microtus species, this feature is also extended to the X chromosome, resulting in enlarged (giant) sex chromosomes. Several repeated DNA sequences have been described in the gonosomal heterochromatin of these specie... |
15693736 | Natively disordered proteins: functions and predictions. | Proteins can exist in at least three forms: the ordered form (solid-like), the partially folded form (collapsed, molten globule-like or liquid-like) and the extended form (extended, random coil-like or gas-like). The protein trinity hypothesis has two components: (i) a given native protein can be in any one of the thre... |
15688779 | [Physical and chemical characterization of allantoin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex]. | Solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs have been improved by the preparation as cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. The aim of this study is to obtain and characterize the inclusion compound allantoin-beta-cyclodextrin. Allantoin is a vegetable drug, poorly water-soluble (1:300), isolated from roots... |
15678685 | [Motifs in the primary structure of MHC Class I molecules and their use for the design of synthetic T-cell receptor ligands]. | This paper attempts to describe a great variety of allelic forms of mammalian major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC) Class I molecules as a single "formula" that contains information on motifs in their primary structure. The positions of amino acid residues that are invariant even in highly evolutionarily differen... |
15675259 | Intranasal sufentanil/midazolam versus ketamine/midazolam for analgesia/sedation in the pediatric population prior to undergoing multiple dental extractions under general anesthesia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized comparison. | This article details a double-blind, randomized study evaluating the efficacy and safety of intranasal sufentanil and intranasal midazolam (S/M) when compared with intranasal ketamine and intranasal midazolam (K/M) for sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing dental surgery. Fifty healthy ASA status 1 ch... |
15671664 | Olfactory ensheathing cells and repair of brain and spinal cord injuries. | Cells generated in cultures of primary tissue from the olfactory nerves can be transplanted into areas of spinal cord damage where they induce growth of severed nerve fibers and return of lost functions. These cells are of two types, both essential for the reparative effect. The precise lineage relationships are not fu... |
15658930 | Fracture mechanics of cortical bone tissue: a hierarchical perspective. | The performance of bone tissue in the presence of flaws is a highly remarkable one. Bone tissue is the outcome of an adaptive evolutionary process; thus, insight into the mechanisms by which it fails would provide valuable information not only for development of mechanically superior biomimetic materials but also for d... |
15648570 | Novel biodegradable cholesterol-modified polyrotaxane hydrogels for cartilage regeneration. | Cholesterol was introduced to a hydrolyzable polyrotaxane (PRx), not only to improve cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, but also to control the degradation rate of the hydrogels. The cholesterol was introduced to hydrolyzable PRx species by threading many alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) on a pol... |
15621678 | Gene transfer with three amphiphilic glycol chitosans--the degree of polymerisation is the main controller of transfection efficiency. | A number of studies have examined the possibility of delivering genes for the treatment of genetic diseases using various polymers and lipids. We have previously demonstrated the gene transfer ability of amphiphilic polymers (a soluble amine polymer covalently bound to lipid pendant groups). In the current communicatio... |
15612663 | Increased activity of the intestinal mucosal mast cells in rats with multiple organ failure. | <h4>Objective</h4>This study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in the activity of the intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) in multiple organ failure (MOF).<h4>Methods</h4>A rat model of MOF was induced by intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. Both the functional alterations and the pathological morphology of essen... |
15595574 | Preparation and evaluation of pH-dependent gradient-release pellets for TCM. | This paper is designed to investigate a novel sustained release system for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Compound Recipe (TCMCR) by incorporating three kinds of pH-dependent gradient-release coated pellets into capsules. In our study, dosage reform was conducted on the TCMCR model drug--Guanxin Suhe Wan (GSW), which is... |
15595572 | Drug-beta-cyclodextrin containing pellets prepared with a high-shear mixer. | This work was aimed at investigating the preparation of beta-cyclodextrin-microcrystalline cellulose pellets by means of a high-shear mixer, both in the absence or in the presence of ibuprofen as model drug. Drug loading of pellets was accomplished by means of two alternative techniques: 1) solution layering or 2) powd... |
15595571 | Multicomponent complexes of piroxicam with cyclodextrins and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. | The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the complexation of piroxicam (PX) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD) in solution and in the solid state. Phase solubility study revealed a positive effect of the polymer on the dr... |
15559822 | Sensitized effect of beta-cyclodextrin on the fluorescence in the determination of carbaryl. | Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of carbaryl in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity was developed for the determination of carbaryl in aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, the complex had excitation and emission maxima at 278 nm and 332 nm, respe... |
15559765 | In vivo molecular pharmacology and antitumor activity of the targeted Akt inhibitor PX-316. | Akt, a serine/threonine kinase that promotes cell survival, is activated by binding of its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain to membrane phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-3-phosphates formed by PtdIns-3-kinase. D-3-Deoxy-phosphatidyl-myo-inositols that cannot be phosphorylated on the 3-position of the myo-inositol group are ... |
15531798 | Chiral discrimination on the host-guest-complexation of resorc[4]arenes with quarternary amines. | The interaction of inherently chiral resorc[4]arenes with different chiral ammonium ions was measured by ESI-MS. For that purpose one enantiomer of the ammonium guests was labeled with deuterium to distinguish the enantiomers by their mass. We synthesized the ammonium salts by reaction of chiral primary amines with eit... |
15490435 | Enantiomer discrimination of peptides by tandem mass spectrometry: influence of the peptide sequence on chiral recognition. | The enantiomer discrimination of peptides by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry is described. A cinchona alkaloid derivative, tert-butylcarbamoylquinine, is used as chiral selector. The chiral selector forms diastereomeric complexes with the peptide enantiomers in the liquid phase (methanolic solution), w... |
15518290 | Optimization of enantiomeric separations in capillary electrophoresis by applying a design of experiments approach. | During early-phase pharmaceutical development, it is important to find an initial separation of enantiomeric compounds quickly in order to determine the enantiomeric purity of chiral drug substances. Highly selective screening methods are necessary to analyze the products to discover a satisfactory separation of the en... |
15509011 | Toxicity recognition of hepatotoxin, homologues of microcystin with artificial trapping devices. | A hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, microcystin (MC), was chromatographically discriminated with newly prepared artificial trapping devices. MC involves up to 70 kinds of homologues, and because homologues have similar toxicity, effective removal and analysis methods have been required. As a trapping device to dis... |
15505409 | Comprehensive search for chicken W chromosome-linked genes expressed in early female embryos from the female-minus-male subtracted cDNA macroarray. | In order to seek chicken W chromosome-linked genes expressed significantly earlier than the time of gonadal differentiation, female-minus-male-subtracted cDNA macroarrays were prepared from day 2 (Hamburger-Hamilton stages 12-13), day 3 (stages 19-20) and day 4 (stages 24-25) embryos. From a total of 15-744 macroarraye... |
15505408 | Holocentric chromosomes in meiosis. I. Restriction of the number of chiasmata in bivalents. | The number of chiasmata in bivalents and the behaviour of chiasmata during the meiotic divisions were studied in Psylla foersteri (Psylloidea, Homoptera). Two chiasmata with a frequency of 97% and one or three chiasmata with frequencies of 2% and 0.9%, respectively, were observed in the largest bivalent in male meiosis... |
15505407 | Identification of the homologue of the bovine Rob(1;29) in a captive gaur (Bos gaurus). | Robertsonian translocations have been well documented in domestic cattle, with the most commonly occurring fusion involving chromosomes 1 and 29. The widespread nature of this translocation is indicative of its ancient origin. The gaur (Bos gaurus) is one of many wild cattle species currently listed as vulnerable or en... |
15505406 | High chromosome conservation detected by comparative chromosome painting in chicken, pigeon and passerine birds. | Chicken chromosome paints for macrochromosomes 1-10, Z, and the nine largest microchromosomes (Griffin et al. 1999) were used to analyze chromosome homologies between chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus: Galliformes), domestic pigeon (Columba livia: Columbiformes), chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs Passeriformes), and redwing... |
15505405 | Characterization of the genes encoding for MAD2 homologues in wheat. | MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient 2) is a highly conserved protein involving in spindle checkpoint control. MAD2 locates at spindle-unattached kinetochores during prophase and dissolves from spindle-attached kinetochores towards metaphase. In this study, we isolated homologous genes encoding for MAD2 from hexaploid wheat.... |
15505404 | Chromosome painting comparison of Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Callitrichine, Platyrrhini) with man and its phylogenetic position. | Using human probes of whole chromosomes, the homoeologies between human and Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Platyrrhini) karyotypes were established. Thirty-three conserved segments were observed between the two species. Intrachromosomal rearrangements between the two species were identified using hybridization of chromoso... |
15505403 | Conservation of aphidicolin-induced fragile sites in Papionini (Primates) species and humans. | Fragile sites are considered structural features of mammalian chromosomes and a commonly repeated hypothesis is that they are evolutionarily conserved. We tested this hypothesis by establishing the subchromosomal homology of regions harbouring fragile sites in the chromosomes of humans, Macaca fascicularis (MFA) and Ma... |
15505402 | Evidence for chromosome and Pst I satellite DNA family evolutionary stasis in the Bufo viridis group (Amphibia, Anura). | The West Palearctic green toads, Bufo viridis , represent a species complex. Apart from tetraploid populations, which form at least one separate species, evidence exists for relevant differentiation among diploid populations. We present the results of a chromosomal (C-, Ag-NOR-, Replication pattern, DAPI and CMA3 bandi... |
15497503 | Interaction of the Hsp90 cochaperone cyclophilin 40 with Hsc70. | The high-affinity ligand-binding form of unactivated steroid receptors exists as a multicomponent complex that includes heat shock protein (Hsp)90; one of the immunophilins cyclophilin 40 (CyP40), FKBP51, or FKBP52; and an additional p23 protein component. Assembly of this heterocomplex is mediated by Hsp70 in associat... |
15487947 | The cellulosomes: multienzyme machines for degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. | The discrete multicomponent, multienzyme cellulosome complex of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria provides enhanced synergistic activity among the different resident enzymes to efficiently hydrolyze intractable cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates of the plant cell wall. A pivotal noncatalytic subunit called scaffold... |
15386270 | Solid-phase synthesis of second-generation polyproline dendrimers. | Second-generation dendrimers have been prepared on solid phase by successive additions of branched polyproline building blocks starting from two different branching units anchored to the solid support. The preparation of Pro-rich building blocks was carried out by stepwise solid-phase synthesis and their iterative addi... |
15468285 | Acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymer membrane imprinted with uric acid for clinical uses. | The preparation of new polymeric membranes using molecular imprinting technology for application in blood filtration devices is described. Membranes, based on an acrylic acid-acrylonitrile copolymer, produced through phase inversion, were modified by introducing specific binding sites for uric acid into their structure... |
15378529 | Identification of an alkaline-tolerant cyclodextrin-metabolizing bacterium and characterization of its cyclodextrinase gene. | Bacillus circulans A11, an alkaline-tolerant cyclodextrin-metabolizing bacterium isolated from South-East Asian soil, was reidentified as Paenibacillus sp. A11 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, G + C content and cellular fatty acid composition. Levels of similarity of the 16S rRNA gene between strain A11 and ... |
15384416 | Multiplexed sorting of libraries on libraries: a novel method for empirical protein design by affinity-driven phage enrichment on synthetic peptide arrays. | Chemically synthesized peptide arrays on planar cellulose carriers are proposed as libraries of ligands suitable for the multiplexed simultaneous capture of peptide-specific acceptor proteins from a large randomly mutagenized library of acceptor proteins presented on bacteriophage M13 particles. This experimental set-u... |
15384413 | A new compact disc format of high density array synthesis applied to peptide nucleic acids and in situ MALDI analysis. | A fully automated synthesizer was constructed and designed to perform high speed miniaturized syntheses of compound libraries using the SPOT technique. Utilizing magnetically controlled drop-on-demand ink jet nozzles, an r/phi array format of 2500 spots can be simultaneously dispensed from up to 24 separate reagent val... |
15381276 | Environmental enrichment reduces the mnemonic and neural benefits of estrogen. | The degree to which memory is enhanced by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women may depend on environmental factors such as education. The present study utilized an animal model of environmental enrichment to determine whether environmental factors influence the mnemonic and neural response to estrogen. Female m... |
15340907 | Smart materials based on self-assembled hydrogen-bonded comb-shaped supramolecules. | Block copolymer self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry can be combined most naturally to prepare smart polymer nanomaterials. An attractive route is based on comb-shaped supramolecules, obtained by attaching side chains to (co)polymers by physical (non-covalent) interactions. Hydrogen bonding is a key element of ou... |
15309672 | Design of polyrotaxanes as supramolecular conjugates for cells and tissues. | This research focuses on the supramolecular challenge of enhancing multivalent binding between ligands and proteins or biological receptors on cell surfaces. Our special interest is using supramolecular-structured polymers, namely, polyrotaxanes consisting of ligand-immobilized alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs) threaded ... |
15303567 | T-lymphocyte signalling in systemic lupus erythematosus: a lipid raft perspective. | In the last few years it has become clear that in cells of the immune system, specialized microdomains present in the plasma membrane, called lipid rafts, have been found to play a central role in regulating signalling by immune receptors. Recent studies have looked at whether lipid rafts may be connected to the abnorm... |
15302973 | Parameterising matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI): effect of solvents and co-additives on analyte peak intensities. | The peak intensities obtained when 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) was used as a 'classic' matrix were measured using substance P (SP) and betacyclodextrin (BCD) as analytes. Enhancements in peak intensities were observed going from 1:1 MeOH/H2O to dimethylforamide (DMF) as matrix solvents. Also non-covalent interactio... |
15299240 | Patterned layers of adsorbed extracellular matrix proteins: influence on mammalian cell adhesion. | Three patterned systems aiming at the control of mammalian cell behavior are presented. The determinant feature common to these systems is the spatial distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (mainly collagen) on polymer substrates. This distribution differs from one system to another with respect to the sca... |
15289670 | Plant neocentromeres: fast, focused, and driven. | Plant neocentromeres are large heterochromatic domains that associate with microtubules and move rapidly poleward during meiotic cell division. In maize, neocentromeres are part of a process that leads to the preferential recovery (meiotic drive) of knobs in progeny. These 'classical' plant neocentromeres differ from a... |
15289669 | "Holo"er than thou: chromosome segregation and kinetochore function in C. elegans. | Kinetochores are proteinaceous organelles that assemble on centromeric DNA to direct chromosome segregation in all eukaryotes. While many aspects of kinetochore function are conserved, the nature of the chromosomal domain upon which kinetochores assemble varies dramatically between different species. In monocentric euk... |
15289668 | Centric fission--simple and complex mechanisms. | Centric fission describes a rather poorly molecularly defined process of the transverse division of a functional centromere to result in two new centric chromosomes. While centric fission occurs rarely in humans, this process has been attributed an important role in eukaryotic karyotype evolution. Recent studies have g... |
15289667 | Chromosomal dynamics of human neocentromere formation. | Neocentromeres are rare human chromosomal aberrations where a new centromere has formed in a previously non-centromeric location. The emergence of new centromeres on a chromosome that already contains an endogenous centromere would be a highly deleterious event which would lead to dicentricity and mitotic instability. ... |
15289666 | The spindle checkpoint: a quality control mechanism which ensures accurate chromosome segregation. | The centromere defines where on a chromosome the kinetochores assemble. Kinetochores, large protein structures, mediate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis by performing three key functions. Firstly, kinetochores attach chromosomes to the microtubule spindle apparatus. Secondly, kinetochores co-ordinate m... |
15289665 | Kinetochore-microtubule interactions during cell division. | Proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division is essential for the maintenance of genetic stability. During this process chromosomes must establish stable functional interactions with microtubules through the kinetochore, a specialized protein structure located on the surface of the centromeric heterochromatin... |
15289664 | Topoisomerase II: untangling its contribution at the centromere. | Topoisomerase II (topo II) is a major component of mitotic chromosomes and its unique decatenating activity has been implicated in many aspects of chromosome dynamics including DNA replication, transcription, recombination, chromosome condensation and segregation. Of these, chromosome segregation is the most seriously ... |
15289663 | Centromere DNA, proteins and kinetochore assembly in vertebrate cells. | The centromere is a specialized region of the chromosome that is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells. It is the site at which the kinetochore, the functional nucleoprotein complex responsible for microtubule binding and chromosome movement, is assembled through c... |
15289662 | The role of CENP-B and alpha-satellite DNA: de novo assembly and epigenetic maintenance of human centromeres. | The centromere is an essential functional domain responsible for the correct inheritance of eukaryotic chromosomes during cell division. Eukaryotic centromeres include the highly conserved centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENP-A, which has provided a powerful tool for investigating the recruitment of centromere ... |
15289661 | The roles of histone modifications and small RNA in centromere function. | Here, epigenetic regulation of centromeric chromatin in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) is reviewed, focussing on the role of histone modifications and the link to RNA interference (RNAi). Fission yeast centromeres are organized into two structurally and functionally distinct domains, both of which are requir... |
15289660 | Kinetochore and heterochromatin domains of the fission yeast centromere. | Fission yeast centromeres are composed of two distinctive chromatin domains. The central domain nucleosomes contain the histone H3-like protein CENP-A(Cnp1). In contrast, the flanking repeats are coated with silent chromatin in which Swi6 (HP1) binds histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 that is induced by the action of th... |
15286379 | T-cell signaling abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus. | Abnormal expression of key signaling molecules and defective functions of T lymphocytes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3-mediated stimulation of SLE T cells shows increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, with faster kine... |
15279605 | Endotoxins: relationships between structure, function, and activity. | Molecules of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), forming a unique molecular class with peculiar physico-chemical properties, impart a very important role in the formation and function of the outer membrane (OM). The latter is strictly asymmetric with the LPS monolayer forming the outer leaflet and the phospholipid (P... |
15272377 | Integument pattern formation involves genetic and epigenetic controls: feather arrays simulated by digital hormone models. | Pattern formation is a fundamental morphogenetic process. Models based on genetic and epigenetic control have been proposed but remain controversial. Here we use feather morphogenesis for further evaluation. Adhesion molecules and/or signaling molecules were first expressed homogenously in feather tracts (restrictive m... |
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