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15268338 | Coarse grained models for flexible liquid crystals: parameterization of the bond fluctuation model. | We extend the bond fluctuation model, originally devised to investigate polymer systems, to contain anisotropic interactions suitable for the simulation of large flexible molecules such as liquid crystalline polymers and dendrimers. This extended model coarse grains the interaction between the flexible chains at a simi... |
15268324 | Resonant Raman spectroscopy of PAH--Os self-assembled multilayers. | We present a resonant Raman scattering study of (PAH--Os/PVS)n and (PAH--Os/GOx)m self-assembled multilayers (n=1-11 and m=1-3). These Os polymer multilayers can be used in electrodes as efficient molecular wires for biomolecular recognition. The Raman intensity dependence on the number of self-assembly cycles provides... |
15267943 | Solvent-free simulations of fluid membrane bilayers. | A molecular level model for lipid bilayers is presented. Lipids are represented by rigid, asymmetric, soft spherocylinders in implicit solvent. A simple three parameter potential between pairs of lipids gives rise to a rich assortment of phases including (but not limited to) micelles, fluid bilayers, and gel-like bilay... |
15267297 | Boundary effects of molecular diffusion in nanoporous materials: a pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance study. | The boundary conditions of intraparticle diffusion in nanoporous materials may be chosen to approach the limiting cases of either absorbing or reflecting boundaries, depending on the host-guest system under study and the temperature of measurement. Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance is applied to monitor ... |
15254368 | Nuclear organization of centromeric domains is not perturbed by inhibition of histone deacetylases. | It is well established that modification of lysines in histone molecules correlates with gene expression and chromatin structure. It is not known whether this operates entirely at a local level, e.g. through the recruitment of specific proteins, or whether histone modifications might impact on more long-range aspects o... |
15253133 | In vivo accumulation of self-assembling dye Congo red in an area marked by specific immune complexes: possible relevance to chemotherapy. | Supramolecular micellar structures have been proposed as carriers in aim-oriented drug transportation to a target marked by specific immune complexes. In this study, the self-assembling dye Congo red was used as a model supramolecular carrier and its accumulation in the target was studied in vivo. The target was create... |
15252245 | Multidirectional chromosome painting between the Hirola antelope (Damaliscus hunteri, Alcelaphini, Bovidae), sheep and human. | Chromosome specific painting probes of human, sheep and the Hirola antelope ( Damaliscus hunteri ) derived by flow sorting of chromosomes were used in multi directional chromosome painting experiments to better define the karyological relationship within Bovidae species (specifically, Caprini and Alcelaphini tribes) an... |
15252244 | Cloning, characterization and localization of Chinese hamster HP1 isoforms. | The Chinese hamster is one of the few mammalian species that are characterized by relatively poor heterochromatin content. It was intriguing to test whether or not the lack of large blocks of heterochromatin in the hamster chromosomes could be correlated with the absence or species-specific differences of the HP1 prote... |
15252243 | Visualization of the S-locus region in Ipomoea trifida: toward positional cloning of self-incompatibility genes. | Self-incompatibility (SI) in Ipomoea trifida is regulated by a single S locus with multiple alleles. Identification of SI genes in the S -locus region by positional cloning is one of the most important goals for understanding sexual reproduction in this species. Despite our intensive efforts to construct bacterial arti... |
15252242 | Conserved patterns of gene expression in mice and goats in the vicinity of the Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS) locus. | The PIS mutation is a genomic ~12-kb deletion affecting long-range gene transcription and causing XX sex reversal and hornlessness in goats by simultaneous long-range action on two genes, gPISRT1 and gFOXL2. In this study, a comparative human/mouse analysis of the orthologous region was carriedout, permittingthe target... |
15252241 | Phylogenetic history of the Sifakas ( Propithecus: Lemuriformes) derived from cytogenetic studies. | The R-banded karyotypes of the different subspecies of Propithecus diadema and P. verreauxi are compared to each other and to that of P. tattersalli, as well as those previously reported of Indri indri and Avahi laniger. This comparison shows that the different subspecies of P. verreauxi possess the same karyotype and ... |
15252240 | Nascent RNA synthesis in the context of chromatin architecture. | Based on the idea that chromatin domains provide physical barriers for large molecules and multi-enzyme complexes, including the components of the transcription machinery, it has been proposed that transcription should be confined to the surfaces of chromatin domains. As a consequence nascent RNA should accumulate in t... |
15252239 | Behaviour of nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) and nucleoli during mitotic and meiotic divisions in budding yeast. | Spatial organization and segregation behaviour in mitosis and meiosis of nucleoli and NORs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunostaining, and integrated with previous ultrastructural studies. Our observations suggest that in interphase the NOR-bearing chromoso... |
15252238 | Construction of novel Brassica napus genotypes through chromosomal substitution and elimination using interploid species hybridization. | A synthetic Brassica napus rapeseed with genome composition of A(r)A(r)C(c)C(c), made by combining A(r) from B. rapa (A(r)A(r)) and C(c) from B. carinata (B(c)B(c)C(c)C(c)), is valuable for making new genes available to breeders and gaining heterosis in crosses. An intergenomic hybrid A(n)A(r)C(n)C(c) was made from a h... |
15241019 | Mapping the distribution of the telomeric sequence (T2AG3)n in the 2n = 14 ancestral marsupial complement and in the macropodines (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | In this study we test the theory that the presence of the conserved vertebrate telomeric sequence (T(2)AG(3))(n) at the centromeres of Australian marsupial 2n = 14 complements is evidence that these karyotypes are recently derived, which is contrary to the generally held view that the 2n = 14 karyotype is ancestral for... |
15241018 | Laying the cytotaxonomic foundations of a new model grass, Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. | Brachypodium distachyon is a ubiquitous, temperate grass species which is being developed and exploited as an alternative model to rice, in order to gain access to important syntenic regions of the genomes of less tractable relatives such as wheat. As part of this initiative, this paper describes for the first time the... |
15241017 | Karyotypic evolution of Apodemus (Muridae, Rodentia) inferred from comparative FISH analyses. | We conducted comparative FISH analyses to investigate the chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred during the evolution of the rodent genus Apodemus, which inhabits broadleaf forests in the temperate zone of the Palaearctic region. Chromosome-specific painting probes of the laboratory mouse were hybridized to chro... |
15241016 | Autosome and sex chromosome diversity among the African pygmy mice, subgenus Nannomys (Murinae; Mus). | The African pygmy mice, subgenus Nannomys, constitute the most speciose lineage of the genus Mus with 19 recognized species. Although morphologically very similar, they exhibit considerable chromosomal diversity which is here confirmed and extended by the G-banding analysis of 65 mice from West and South Africa. On the... |
15241015 | A lineage-specific centromeric satellite sequence in the genus Trifolium. | We report the molecular structure, genomic organization, chromosomal distribution and evolutionary dynamics of TrR350, a satellite DNA isolated from the forage legume white clover (Trifolium repens L.; 2n = 4 x = 32). The basic repeating unit is an A+T rich 350 bp Hin dIII fragment with a complex dimeric structure cons... |
15241014 | TSPY, the candidate gonadoblastoma gene on the human Y chromosome, has a widely expressed homologue on the X - implications for Y chromosome evolution. | TSPY, a candidate gene for a factor that promotes gonadoblastoma formation (GBY), is a testis-specific multicopy gene family in the male-specific region of the human Y (MSY) chromosome. Although it was originally proposed that male-specific genes on the Y originated from a transposed copy of an autosomal gene (Lahn & P... |
15241013 | Generation of chromosome painting probes from single chromosomes by laser microdissection and linker-adaptor PCR. | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) plays an essential role in research and clinical diagnostics. The versatility and resolution of FISH depends critically on the probe set used. Here, we describe an improved approach for the generation of specific DNA probes from single copies of chromosomes. Single chromosomes ... |
15241012 | Evolution of genome organizations of squirrels (Sciuridae) revealed by cross-species chromosome painting. | With complete sets of chromosome-specific painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of human and grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), the whole genome homologies between human and representatives of tree squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis, Callosciurus erythraeus), flying squirrels (Petaurista albiventer) and ... |
15241011 | Targeted generation of 16 sequence-tagged sites for bovine chromosome region 5q21-q25 by microdissection. | The cattle chromosome region BTA5q21-q25 is associated with immune defense and is linked with several economically important traits for growth, ovulation, twinning and milk yield. Chromosome microdissection of the region was performed to generate fragment-specific DNA libraries and to provide new bovine-specific DNA se... |
15209157 | Bioactive peptides based on diversity libraries, supramolecular chemistry and rational design: a new class of peptide drugs. Introduction. | A new class of pharmaceutical molecules--synthetic vaccines, synthetic diagnostics and peptide drugs--are emerging based on recent advances of peptide libraries, supramolecular chemistry and rational design. The molecules of this growing class have exciting potential, not met by classical drugs based on small molecules... |
15200237 | Body weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. | Obesity is a global public health problem, with about 315 million people worldwide estimated to fall into the WHO-defined obesity categories. Traditional herbal medicines may have some potential in managing obesity. Botanical dietary supplements often contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals that have additive or syn... |
15147164 | Dynamics of cellular entry and drug delivery by dendritic polymers into human lung epithelial carcinoma cells. | Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers are emerging as potentially ideal drug delivery vehicles because they provide a significant amount of tailorability and a large density of functional groups. This study explores the dynamics of cellular entry of dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers alone, and in the complexed form... |
15143803 | Mapping protein pockets through their potential small-molecule binding volumes: QSCD applied to biological protein structures. | Previously we demonstrated a method, Quantized Surface Complementarity Diversity (QSCD), of defining molecular diversity by measuring shape and functional complementarity of molecules to a basis set of theoretical target surfaces [Wintner E.A. and Moallemi C.C., J. Med. Chem., 43 (2000) 1993]. In this paper we demonstr... |
15143802 | Force-field parametrization and molecular dynamics simulations of Congo red. | Congo red, a diazo dye widely used in medical diagnosis, is known to form supramolecular systems in solution. Such a supramolecular system may interact with various proteins. In order to examine the nature of such complexes empirical force field parameters for the Congo red molecule were developed. The parametrization ... |
15054220 | Fluorescence spectroscopy of single photosynthetic light-harvesting supramolecular systems. | Recent spectroscopic studies of photosynthetic light-harvesting supramolecular complexes at the single supramolecule level are reviewed. This report describes the "single-molecule" investigation on light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) of purple photosynthetic bacteria, phycobiliproteins of cyanobacteria and red algae, ligh... |
14703508 | ABCA1 mediates concurrent cholesterol and phospholipid efflux to apolipoprotein A-I. | Prior studies provide data supporting the notion that ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) promotes lipid efflux to extracellular acceptors in a two-step process: first, ABCA1 mediates phospholipid efflux to an apolipoprotein, and second, this apolipoprotein-phospholipid complex accepts free cholesterol in an AB... |
14977180 | Functional coupling as a basic mechanism of feedback regulation of cardiac energy metabolism. | In this review we analyze the concepts and the experimental data on the mechanisms of the regulation of energy metabolism in muscle cells. Muscular energetics is based on the force-length relationship, which in the whole heart is expressed as a Frank-Starling law, by which the alterations of left ventricle diastolic vo... |
14977171 | Organization and regulation of the cytosolic NADH metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Keeping a cytosolic redox balance is a prerequisite for living cells in order to maintain a metabolic activity and enable growth. During growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an excess of NADH is generated in the cytosol. Aerobically, it has been shown that the external NADH dehydrogenase, Nde1p and Nde2p, as well as the... |
14723543 | Bolaforms with fourteen galactose units: a proposed site-directed cohesion of cancer cells. | [structure: see text] The multistep synthesis of a calixarene joined to a second calixarene via a long spacer is described. Since each calixarene bears multiple galactose-based units (known to bind strongly to rat hepatoma cells), there existed the possibility of cross-linking the cancer cells into a network. The compo... |
14723538 | Differential and substrate-selective reactivity of calix[4]arene derivatives with cyclenyl-Zn(II) modifications at the upper rim. | [structure: see text] Novel "cone conformation" calix[4]arene derivatives, carrying either one or two cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane) moieties at the upper rim, have been synthesized. The hydrolytic activities of the Zn(II) complexes of these calixarenes were studied. A surprising behavior was observed with p-... |
14723537 | A synthesis of the diazonamide heteroaromatic biaryl macrocycle/hemiaminal core. | [reaction: see text] Stille coupling of an arylstannane aminal 19 with the palladium complex 23 leads to atropisomeric esters 28 and 29. Conversion to macrocycle 30 is demonstrated, a potential precursor of natural and unnatural diazonamides. |
14723529 | Olefin metathesis: remote substituents governing the stereoselectivity of 11-membered-ring formation. | [reaction: see text] Stereospecific RCM reaction of 7 (R1 = Me) results in the formation of (Z)-11-membered macrocycle 9c. Cascade RCM/ROM/RCM transformation of 7 (R1 = H) affords the thermodynamically more stable spirocycle product 12. |
14723524 | Modes of binding interaction between viologen guests and the cucurbit[7]uril host. | [structure: see text] Host-guest interactions between cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and a series of dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (viologen) dicationic guests were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. CB7 includes the aromatic nucleus of short chain viologens, but the mode of interaction is different with longer chain viologens due t... |
14723523 | Efficient modulation of hydrogen-bonding interactions by remote substituents. | [structure: see text] A series of tetralactam macrocycles having different substituents were prepared, and their binding affinities for an adipamide guest were investigated in CDCl3 by 1H NMR titrations. The association constants strongly depend on the substituents, varying up to DeltaDeltaG = 3.4 kcal/mol; electron-do... |
14753773 | Separation and purification of puerarin using beta-cyclodextrin-coupled agarose gel media. | The isoflavonoid puerarin, a well-known traditional Chinese drug, has been purified in one step from an extract of Radix puerariae (root of the plant Pueralria lobata) by adsorption chromatography on an epichlorohydrin polymerized beta-cyclodextrin ligand coupled to brominated allyl-group substituted Sepharose HP. Acet... |
14750666 | Gold-nanoparticle/organic linker films: self-assembly, electronic and structural characterisation, composition and vapour sensitivity. | Gold-nanoparticle/organic films were prepared via layer-by-layer self-assembly using dodecylamine-stabilised Au-nanoparticles and poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers of generation one to five (G1-G5) or hexadecanedithiol (HDT) as linker compounds. TEM and FE-SEM images revealed that the bulk of the films consisted of... |
14745231 | Overexpression of TRAP in the enamel matrix does not alter the enamel structural hierarchy. | The secreted, full-length amelogenin is the dominant protein of the forming enamel organ. As enamel mineralization progresses, amelogenin is quickly subjected to proteolytic activity, and eliminated from the enamel environment. Mature enamel contains only traces of structural proteins, including enamelin and the sheath... |
14745172 | Proteomic identification of alpha-amylase isoforms encoded by RAmy3B/3C from germinating rice seeds. | We isolated and identified 10 alpha-amylase isoforms by using beta-cyclodextrin Sepharose affinity column chromatography and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from germinating rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. Immunoblots with anti-alpha-amylase I-1 and II-4 antibodies indicated that 8 isoforms in 10 are d... |
14745165 | Encapsulation of shiitake (Lenthinus edodes) flavors by spray drying. | Powdery encapsulation of shiitake flavors, extracted from dried shiitake, was investigated by spray drying. Flavor retention increased with an increase in drying air temperature and solid content, and decreased with an increase in dextrose equivalents of maltodextrin. A heat-treatment of the extract liquid made the len... |
14743480 | Novel enantioselective strong cation exchangers based on sulfodipeptide selectors: evaluation for enantiomer separation of chiral bases by nonaqueous capillary electrochromatography. | Strong cation exchange (SCX)-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on beta-amino sulfonic acid-terminated dipeptide derivatives as chiral selectors, immobilized on thiol-modified silica particles (3.5 microm), were synthesized and applied to enantiomer separations of chiral bases by nonaqueous capillary electrochr... |
14743479 | Optimisation of selectivity in the separation of aromatic amino acid enantiomers using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin and dextran sulfate as pseudostationary phases. | Control of selectivity in the enantiomeric separation of three aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) was demonstrated utilising two separate electrolyte additives. Sulfated-beta-cyclodextrin (s-beta-CD) was chosen as the chiral selector while the addition of dextran sulfate provided a means with... |
14741582 | Heme protein films with polyamidoamine dendrimer: direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis. | Biocompatible nanosized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer films provided a suitable microenvironment for heme proteins to transfer electron directly with underlying pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes. Hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and catalase (Cat) incorporated in PAMAM films exhibited ... |
14738940 | HPLC determination of sertraline in bulk drug, tablets and capsules using hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive. | A sensitive and stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of sertraline in bulk drug, tablets and capsules was developed. Chromatography resolution of the sertraline enantiomeric forms and trans diastereoisomers was performed on Alltima C18 (250 mm x 4.6mm i.d., 5 microm) col... |
14738924 | Microscopic determination of tetracycline based on aluminum-sensitized fluorescence of a self-ordered ring formed by a sessile droplet on glass slide support. | A fluorescent microscopic determination of trace amount of tetracycline is reported based on the aluminum-sensitized fluorescence effect of a self-ordered ring formed by a sessile droplet on glass slide support. Since the evaporative loss of the solvent from the edge wedge of the droplet that is spotted on a hydrophobi... |
14736236 | Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition. | By optimizing binding to a selected target protein, modern drug research strives to develop safe and efficacious agents for the treatment of disease. Selective drug action is intended to minimize undesirable side effects from scatter pharmacology. Celecoxib (Celebrex), valdecoxib (Bextra), and rofecoxib (Vioxx) are non... |
14734537 | Atypical protein kinase C (PKCzeta/lambda) is a convergent downstream target of the insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and TC10 signaling pathways. | Insulin stimulation of adipocytes resulted in the recruitment of atypical PKC (PKCzeta/lambda) to plasma membrane lipid raft microdomains. This redistribution of PKCzeta/lambda was prevented by Clostridium difficile toxin B and by cholesterol depletion, but was unaffected by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-ki... |
14733551 | Photochemistry and mobility of stilbenoid dendrimers in their neat phases. | Selectively deuterated, dodecyloxy substituted stilbenoid dendrimers of the first and second generation were synthesized by a convergent synthesis, using the Wittig-Horner reaction. The photochemistry and the fluorescence in the different crystalline and liquid crystalline phases were investigated. Molecules deuterated... |
14733545 | Helical supramolecules and fibers utilizing leucine zipper-displaying dendrimers. | We describe a new family of discrete supramolecules comprising leucine-zipper peptides noncovalently assembled upon cognate leucine zippers fused to a dendrimer core. Circular dichroism and sedimentation equilibrium experiments clearly demonstrate that each leucine-zipper dendrimer (D-EZ4 or D-KZ4) can noncovalently di... |
14733536 | Chiroptical transcription of helical information through supramolecular harmonization with dynamic helices. | With biologically important "peptide bundling" as the motif, new chromophoric cyclic host 1 was designed, which consists of two zinc porphyrin units that are connected by dynamic peptide helices of nonameric aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) units. Upon inclusion of pyridine-anchored helical peptides between the zinc porphyri... |
14733526 | Conjugate of palladium(II) complex and beta-cyclodextrin acts as a biomimetic peptidase. | We combined the newly discovered ability of [Pd(H2O)4]2+ to residue-selectively hydrolyze X-Pro bonds in peptides at 6 </= pH </= 9 with the known ability of beta-cyclodextrin to recognize aromatic side chains and synthesized a conjugate reagent that acts as a sequence-specific peptidase. This new reagent cleaved the S... |
14735521 | Dendronized perylenetetracarboxdiimides with peripheral triphenylamines for intramolecular energy and electron transfer. | Novel perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxdiimides (PDI) dyes functionalized with polyphenylene dendrimers attached at the bay region are reported. Derivatives of PDI bearing polyphenylene dendrimers up to the second generation, substituted with an increasing number of triphenylamine (TPA) moieties at the periphery, as well a... |
14733599 | Site-specific conjugation of boron-containing dendrimers to anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab (IMC-C225) and its evaluation as a potential delivery agent for neutron capture therapy. | The gene encoding EGFR often is amplified in human gliomas, and the receptor itself has been considered as a potential target for the specific delivery of therapeutic agents to brain tumors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of the chimeric MoAb cetuximab (IMC-C225), which is directed against ... |
14733590 | A comparative study of different presentation strategies for an HIV peptide immunogen. | Different strategies have been used to increase the immunogenicity of an antigenic HIV peptide as a vaccine candidate. The selected B-cell epitope comprises 15 amino acids (317-331) of the V3 region of HIV-1, JY1 isolate (subtype D), in tandem with a T-helper epitope corresponding to the 830-844 region of tetanus toxoi... |
14733587 | Persubstituted cyclodextrin-based glycoclusters as inhibitors of protein-carbohydrate recognition using purified plant and mammalian lectins and wild-type and lectin-gene-transfected tumor cells as targets. | Multivalent glycoclusters have the potential to become pharmaceuticals by virtue of their target specificity toward clinically relevant sugar receptors. Their application can also provide fundamental insights into the impact of two spatial factors on binding, i.e., topologies of ligand (branching mode, cluster presenta... |
14731048 | Syntheses, structures, photoluminescence, and theoretical studies of d(10) metal complexes of 2,2'-dihydroxy-[1,1']binaphthalenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate. | The free solvated ligand, H(2)bna.CH(3)OH.H(2)O (1), and its dimeric complex, [Cd(2)(bna)(2)(H(2)O)(6)] (2) (bna = 2,2'-dihydroxy-[1,1']-binaphthalene-3,3'-dicarboxylate), were obtained by evaporation of the solutions, while two new d(10) metal-hydroxy cluster-based coordination polymers, namely [Cd(8)(OH)(4)(H(2)O)(10... |
14731044 | Ga(2,2'-bipy)(HPO(4))(H(2)PO(4)): first layered inorganic-organic hybrid gallium phosphate with a neutral framework. | A novel gallium phosphate, Ga(2,2'-bipy)(HPO(4))(H(2)PO(4)) (denoted FJ-12; FJ = Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter), which is the first example of layered inorganic-organic hybrid gallium phosphate with neutral framework, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single... |
14731040 | Structural, NMR, and EPR studies of S = (1)/(2) and S = (3)/(2) Fe(III) bis(4-cyanopyridine) complexes of dodecasubstituted porphyrins. | The NMR and EPR spectra for three complexes, iron(III) octamethyltetraphenylporphyrin bis(4-cyanopyridine) perchlorate, [FeOMTPP(4-CNPy)(2)]ClO(4), and its octaethyl- and tetra-beta,beta'-tetramethylenetetraphenylporphyrin analogues, [FeOETPP(4-CNPy)(2)]ClO(4) and [FeTC(6)TPP(4-CNPy)(2)]ClO(4), are presented. The cryst... |
14731034 | Three olefin copper(I) dimeric complexes with 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridylacrylic acid and their electrochemical properties. | UV irradiation of 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridylacrylic acid (2-, 3-, and 4-HPYA) with Cu(I)Cl at 230 nm in 4 N HCl for 1 week and subsequent hydrothermal reactions yielded three novel highly stable 3-D copper(I)-olefin dimers, [(2-H(2)PYA)(2)Cu(+)(2)Cl(4)](n)() (1), [(3-H(2)PYA)(2)Cu(+)(2)Cl(4)](n)() (2), and [(4-H(2)PYA)(2)Cu(... |
14731015 | Supramolecular structural variations with changes in anion and solvent in silver(I) complexes of a semirigid, bitopic tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligand. | The bitopic ligand p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2) (pz = pyrazolyl ring) that contains two tris(pyrazolyl)methane units connected by a semirigid organic spacer reacts with silver(I) salts to yield [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)(AgX)(2)]( infinity ), where X = CF(3)SO(3)(-) (1), SbF(6)(-) (2), PF(6)(-) (3), BF(4... |
14731013 | Supramolecular recognition of heteropairs of lanthanide ions: a step toward self-assembled bifunctional probes. | Three unsymmetrical ditopic hexadentate ligands coded for the recognition of trivalent lanthanide ions have been synthesized, L(AB), L(AC), and L(BC), where A represents a benzimidazole-pyridine-benzimidazole coordination unit, B a benzimidazole-pyridine-carboxamide one, and C a benzimidazole-pyridine-carboxylic acid m... |
14730997 | Sensitization of TiO(2) by supramolecules containing zinc porphyrins and ruthenium-polypyridyl complexes. | Modification of wide band gap semiconductor surfaces by a new generation of supramolecular sensitizers combining porphyrin and ruthenium-polypyridyl complexes leads to versatile molecular interfaces, allowing the exploitation of photoinduced charge transfer in photoelectrochemical devices. |
14730989 | Supramolecular metal-organometallic coordination networks based on quinonoid pi-complexes. | The use of organometallic pi-complexes in the coordination-directed self-assembly of polymeric structures is a new area with many potential applications. Supramolecular metal-organometallic coordination networks (MOMNs), which are described herein, consist of metal ion or metal cluster nodes connected by bifunctional "... |
14729340 | Assessing the flexibility of intermediate filaments by atomic force microscopy. | Eukaryotic cells contain three cytoskeletal filament systems that exhibit very distinct assembly properties, supramolecular architectures, dynamic behaviour and mechanical properties. Microtubules and microfilaments are relatively stiff polar structures whose assembly is modulated by the state of hydrolysis of the boun... |
14726585 | Self-assembly of mesoscopic metal-polymer amphiphiles. | The assembly properties of two- and three-component rod-like building blocks consisting of gold and polymer block domains have been investigated. These structures behave like mesoscopic amphiphiles and form a series of single-layer superstructures consisting of bundles, tubes, and sheets depending upon the compositiona... |
14725471 | Toward an artificial oxidative DNA photolyase. | The design, synthesis, structure, and binding affinity of two dioptic receptors for the selective molecular recognition of the cis,syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer are reported. The design is based on two 2,6-di(acetamino)pyridine recognition units that are covalently linked via triple bonds to an anthraquinone functio... |
14725465 | Synthesis and molecular recognition of pyrenophanes with polycationic or amphiphilic functionalities: artificial plate-shaped cavitant incorporating arenes and nucleotides in water. | Water-soluble pyrenophanes possessing polycationic or amphiphilic side chains have been developed as synthetic host molecules to investigate hydrophobic and/or pi-stacking interactions. By utilizing omega-acetalic alkyl side chains to retain solubility and versatility, water-soluble macrocyclic pyrenophanes could be ea... |
14724253 | Discrimination of voiced stop consonants based on auditory nerve discharges. | Previous studies of the neural representation of speech assumed some form of neural code, usually discharge rate or phase locking, for the representation. In the present study, responses to five synthesized CVC_CV (e.g., /dad_da/) utterances have been examined using information-theoretic distance measures [or Kullback-... |
14724251 | The central fragment of Reelin, generated by proteolytic processing in vivo, is critical to its function during cortical plate development. | Reelin is a large extracellular protein that controls cortical development. It binds to lipoprotein receptors very-low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein-E receptor type 2, thereby inducing phosphorylation of the adapter Dab1. In vivo, Reelin is cleaved into three fragments, but their respective function i... |
14724236 | PSD93 regulates synaptic stability at neuronal cholinergic synapses. | Neuronal cholinergic synapses play important roles in both the PNS and CNS. However, the mechanisms that regulate the formation, maturation, and stability of neuronal cholinergic synapses are poorly understood. In this study, we use the readily accessible mouse superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and submandibular ganglio... |
14723963 | Combining NMR and molecular modelling in a drug delivery context: investigation of the multi-mode inclusion of a new NPY-5 antagonist bromobenzenesulfonamide into beta-cyclodextrin. | NMR spectroscopic and molecular modelling methods have been employed to describe the complexation of trans-N-4-[N'-(4-chlorobenzoyl)hydrazinocarbonyl]cyclohexylmethyl-4-bromobenzenesulfonamide, a new chemotype of NPY-5 antagonist, and beta-cyclodextrin, revealing the coexistence of two different kinds of 1:1 complexes ... |
14719955 | Polyvalent scaffolds. Counting the number of seats available for eosin guest molecules in viologen-based host dendrimers. | We have prepared and investigated two dendrimers based on a 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenoid-type core, containing 9 and 21 viologen units in their branches, respectively, and terminated with tetraarylmethane derivatives. We have shown that, in dichloromethane solution, such highly charged cationic species give rise to s... |
14719946 | Coupling a natural receptor protein with an artificial receptor to afford a semisynthetic fluorescent biosensor. | An artificial receptor and a signal transducer have been engineered on a lectin (saccharide-binding protein) surface by a post-photoaffinity labeling modification method. Saccharide binding can be directly and selectively read out by the fluorescence changes of the fluorophore via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) m... |
14719889 | Quenched phosphorescence as a detection method in capillary electrophoretic chiral separations. Monitoring the stereoselective biodegradation of camphorquinone by yeast. | Quenched phosphorescence detection of camphorquinone in cyclodextrin-based electrokinetic chromatography provides very favorable detection limits, i.e., 7 x 10(-)(7) M, 3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional UV absorption detection at 200 nm. The detection is based on the dynamic quenching by the analyte of the ... |
14717708 | Differential carbohydrate epitope recognition of globotriaosyl ceramide by verotoxins and a monoclonal antibody. | The role of renal expression of the glycosphingolipid verotoxin receptor, globotriaosylceramide, in susceptibility to verotoxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome is unclear. We show that a single glycosphingolipid can discriminate multiple specific ligands. Antibody detection of globotriaosylceramide in renal sections ... |
14715148 | Time course of efferent fiber and spiral ganglion cell degeneration following complete hair cell loss in the chinchilla. | Ethacrynic acid (EA) is known to interact with aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin (GM). In the chinchilla, co-administration of GM and EA can produce hair cell lesions ranging from a small loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) in the base of the cochlea to complete destruction of all hair cells, depending on dosin... |
14715020 | Comblike complexes of bacterial poly(gamma,d-glutamic acid) and cationic surfactants. | The ability of microbally produced poly(gamma,d-glutamic acid) to form stable polyelectrolyte-opposite charged surfactant complexes was investigated. A sonicated sample of polyacid with a molecular weight about 10(5) Da and a content of d enantiomer higher than 90% was used in this study. Nearly stoichiometric complexe... |
14715012 | Self-assembly and dynamics of poly(gamma-benzyl-l-glutamate) peptides. | The structure and the associated dynamics have been investigated in a series of oligopeptides of gamma-benzyl-l-glutamate using DSC, WAXS, FTIR, NMR and dielectric spectroscopy, and rheology, respectively. The peptides with degrees of polymerization below 18 are mixtures of a lamellar assembly of beta sheets and of col... |
14715010 | Nanogel formation consisting of DNA and poly(amido amine) dendrimer studied by static light scattering and atomic force microscopy. | Binding of a poly(amido amine) dendrimer with salmon testes DNA in an aqueous solution of 0.01 M NaCl at pH 6.5 has been investigated. It was shown from the physicochemical experiments of static light scattering and ultra-violet and circular dichroism spectroscopy that at a 0.2 mixing ratio of dendrimer/DNA (number rat... |
14711596 | Genetic analysis of inbreeding of two strains of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. | Haemonchus contortus is a sheep parasitic nematode that causes severe economic losses. Previous studies have indicated a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, which is hardly affected by selection for drug resistance. As a tool for the analysis of the population dynamics of H. contortus and its response to drug resista... |
14711684 | Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by using green fluorescent protein-labeled PP01 bacteriophage. | A previously isolated T-even-type PP01 bacteriophage was used to detect its host cell, Escherichia coli O157:H7. The phage small outer capsid (SOC) protein was used as a platform to present a marker protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), on the phage capsid. The DNA fragment around soc was amplified by PCR and seque... |
14709546 | Microdomains of the C-type lectin DC-SIGN are portals for virus entry into dendritic cells. | The C-type lectin dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) facilitates binding and internalization of several viruses, including HIV-1, on DCs, but the underlying mechanism for being such an efficient phagocytic pathogen-recognition receptor is poorly understoo... |
14709100 | Energy migration in novel pH-triggered self-assembled beta-sheet ribbons. | Energy migration between tryptophan residues has been experimentally demonstrated in self-assembled peptide tapes. Each peptide contains 11 amino acids with a Trp at position 6. The peptide self-assembly is pH-sensitive and forms amphiphilic tapes, which further stack in ribbons (double tapes) and fibrils in water depe... |
14709095 | Attenuating negative differential resistance in an electroactive self-assembled monolayer-based junction. | The negative differential resistance (NDR) peak current observed in redox active self-assembled monolayer-based molecular junctions has been attenuated by controlling the composition of the molecular junction. Two approaches studied here include capping the electroactive ferrocenyl groups with beta-cyclodextrin and fun... |
14709088 | Ruffling-induced chirality: synthesis, metalation, and optical resolution of highly nonplanar, cyclic, benzimidazole-based ligands. | Expedient five-step syntheses of a cyclic bis(benzimidazole)-based amide 5 and two sterically more hindered analogues 23-24 have been developed. These amides are chiral due to the inherent ruffling of the macrocyclic plane. Racemization of the optical antipodes of these compounds has been studied using dynamic chiral s... |
14709087 | Shape-persistent macrocycles with intraannular polar groups: synthesis, liquid crystallinity, and 2D organization. | The synthesis of macrocycles with intraannular polar ester groups and extraannular oligo-alkyl groups is described. The compounds exhibit stable liquid crystalline phases showing fan-shaped textures under the polarizing microscope, typical for a columnar order of the molecules. X-ray powder diffraction data of the LC p... |
14709045 | Microporous manganese formate: a simple metal-organic porous material with high framework stability and highly selective gas sorption properties. | Novel microporous metal-organic framework material composed of Mn(II) and formate ions displays permanent porosity, high thermal stability, and size-selective gas sorption behavior. The framework is stable enough to maintain single crystallinity after the complete guest removal at 150 degrees C under a reduced pressure... |
14709868 | Preparation and characterization of novel branched beta-cyclodextrins having beta-D-galactose residues on the non-reducing terminal of the side chains and their specific interactions with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin. | Six novel branched beta-cyclodextrins (betaCDs) having beta-D-galactose residues on the non-reducing terminal of the sugar side chains, namely 6(1),6(4)-di-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-betaCD (10), 6-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-betaCD (11), 6(1),6(4)-di-O-(beta-lactosyl)-betaCD (14), 6-O-(beta-lactosyl)-betaCD (15), 6(1),6(4)-di-O-... |
14707171 | Ordered partitioning reveals extended splice-site consensus information. | Using recently available cDNA and genomic data (Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project; http://www.fruitfly.org), we computed a large sample of 10,057 Drosophila splice sites. An information-theoretic analysis of the nucleotide sequences adjacent to these splice sites showed a strong correlation between the sizes of intron... |
14706851 | Lipid raft-associated catechin suppresses the FcepsilonRI expression by inhibiting phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2. | The major green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), has a suppressive effect on the expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor FcepsilonRI, which is key molecule in the IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Here we show that EGCG binds to the cell surface and highly associates with plasma membrane micro... |
14706737 | Lipid bilayers: thermodynamics, structure, fluctuations, and interactions. | This article, adapted from our acceptance speech of the Avanti Award in Lipids at the 47th Biophysical Society meeting in San Antonio, 2003, summarizes over 30 years of research in the area of lipid bilayers. Beginning with a theoretical model of the phase transition (J.F.N.), we have proceeded experimentally using dil... |
14704422 | Supramolecular self-assembly of macroscopic tubes. | The macroscopic molecular self-assembly of an amphiphilic hyperbranched copolymer in acetone generated multiwalled tubes millimeters in diameter and centimeters in length. The thickness of the tube walls approaches 400 nanometers, and the walls have an inhomogeneous lamella structure that alternates between ordered hyd... |
14705029 | Improved thermostability of bacillus circulans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by the introduction of a salt bridge. | Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) catalyzes the formation of cyclodextrins from starch. Among the CGTases with known three-dimensional structure, Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes CGTase has the highest thermostability. By replacing amino acid residues in the B-domain of Bacillus circulans CGTase with th... |
14704081 | Design aspects for the development of mixed-metal supramolecular complexes capable of visible light induced photocleavage of DNA. | Mixed-metal supramolecular complexes that couple ruthenium or osmium based light absorbers to a central rhodium(III) core have been designed which photocleave DNA upon irradiation with visible light. The complexes [[(bpy)(2)Ru(dpp)](2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(5), [[(bpy)(2)Os(dpp)](2)RhCl(2)](PF(6))(5), and [[(tpy)RuCl(dpp)](2)... |
14704857 | Horizontal gene transfer from Eukarya to bacteria and domain shuffling: the alpha-amylase model. | Alpha-amylases are present in all kingdoms of the living world. Despite strong conservation of the tertiary structure, only a few amino acids are conserved in interkingdom comparisons. Animal alpha-amylases are characterized by several typical motifs and biochemical properties. A few cases of such alpha-amylases have b... |
12974672 | Analysis of Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) dimerization by fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells. | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) dimerization is commonly thought to be triggered by its tyrosine phosphorylation in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6) or other cytokines. Accumulating evidence from in vitro studies, however, suggests that cytoplasmic Stat3 may be associated with high-molecular-... |
14703393 | Thermodynamics of the molecular and chiral recognition of cycloalkanols and camphor by modified beta-cyclodextrins possessing simple aromatic tethers. | The complex stability constants (K(S)) and thermodynamic parameters (DeltaG degrees, DeltaH degrees, and TDeltaS degrees ) for 1:1 inclusion complexation of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) derivatives, 6-O-phenyl-beta-CD (2) 6-O-(4-formyl-phenyl)-beta-CD (3), 6-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-beta-CD (4), 6-O-(4-bromophenyl)-beta-CD (5)... |
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