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14703383 | A "classical" tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene adopting the 1,2-alternate conformation. | The first example of a "classical" tetrahydroxycalixarene, which adopts the 1,2-alternate conformation both in solution and in the crystal, is described. Calixarene derivatives with two distal methylene groups substituted in a trans fashion by phenyl (5a) or mesityl (5b) groups were synthesized via addition of PhMgBr/C... |
14703377 | Synthesis and self-assembly of supramolecular dendritic "Bow-Ties": effect of peripheral functionality on association constants. | Self-assembled polyester dendritic bow-ties with various peripheral groups were prepared, and their association constants were measured by (1)H NMR in CDCl(3). The two complementary dendrons were prepared by attachment of either a bis(adamantylurea) or a glycinylurea to the focal point of the dendron. The parent self-a... |
14702325 | Surface layer protein EA1 is not a component of Bacillus anthracis spores but is a persistent contaminant in spore preparations. | EA1 is an abundant, highly antigenic, surface layer protein of Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells. Recent studies indicate that EA1 is also a component of B. anthracis spores and a potential marker for spore detection. We show here that EA1 is not a spore component but a persistent contaminant in spore preparations. |
14701738 | Phosphorylation of critical serine residues in Gem separates cytoskeletal reorganization from down-regulation of calcium channel activity. | Gem is a small GTP-binding protein that has a ras-like core and extended chains at each terminus. The primary structure of Gem and other RGK family members (Rad, Rem, and Rem2) predicts a GTPase deficiency, leading to the question of how Gem functional activity is regulated. Two functions for Gem have been demonstrated... |
14702108 | Cytotoxic T lymphocytes form an antigen-independent ring junction. | Immunological synapses are organized cell-cell junctions between T lymphocytes and APCs composed of an adhesion ring, the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (pSMAC), and a central T cell receptor cluster, the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC). In CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the immunologic... |
14698298 | Two types of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid (1-40) peptide membrane interactions: aggregation preventing transmembrane anchoring versus accelerated surface fibril formation. | The 39-42 amino acid long, amphipathic amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) is one of the key components involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the neuropathology of AD, Abeta presumably exerts its neurotoxic action via interactions with neuronal membranes. In our studies a combination of 31P MAS NMR (magic angle spinning nu... |
14699079 | Sensitivity of volume-regulated anion current to cholesterol structural analogues. | Depletion of membrane cholesterol and substitution of endogenous cholesterol with its structural analogues was used to analyze the mechanism by which cholesterol regulates volume-regulated anion current (VRAC) in endothelial cells. Depletion of membrane cholesterol enhanced the development of VRAC activated in a swelli... |
14698552 | Detection of specific noncovalent interaction of peptide with DNA by MALDI-TOF. | Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used to obtain spectra of peptide-DNA complexes formed by basic domain (BD15) of c-Fos protein and DNA AP-1 site (5'-TGAGTCA-3'). The noncovalent interaction between single stranded DNA and BD15 was observed and confirmed to be an ionic one betwe... |
14698550 | Isotopic compositions and accurate masses of single isotopic peaks. | This paper presents and proves an algorithm to calculate the isotopic composition of individual (nominal) isotopic peaks. From this information one can calculate the accurate masses of isotopic peaks. This opens the way to use accurate mass measurements to determine chemical compositions of compounds using non-mono-iso... |
14698585 | Combined effect of SLS and (SBE)(7M)-beta-CD on the solubilization of NSC-639829. | Complexation and micellization are two effective ways of solubilizing drugs. In this study, the combined effect of surfactant and complexant on the solubilization of a poorly water soluble compound (NSC-639829) is investigated. With increasing concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in solutions of fixed concentr... |
14698882 | Evaluation of newly synthesized and commercially available charged cyclomaltooligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) for capillary electrokinetic chromatography. | A highly new charged cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives, (6-O-carboxymethyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)cyclomaltoheptaoses (CDM-beta-CDs), was synthesized and characterized as anionic reagents for capillary electrophoresis (CE) in an electrokinetic chromatography mode of separation. Substitution with dimethyl groups at the secondary h... |
14698881 | Structure of the inclusion complexes of heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin with indole-3-butyric acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. | The crystal structures of the complexes of heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin with indole-3-butyric acid and with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were studied by X-ray diffraction. The complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P2(1) space group. The host molecules are elliptically puckered and stacked along th... |
14698038 | Indinavir alters sterol and fatty acid homeostatic mechanisms in primary rat hepatocytes by increasing levels of activated sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and decreasing cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels. | Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors induce hyperlipidemia in many patients treated with these drugs. We examined the effects of indinavir on cholesterol and bile acid homeostatic mechanisms in a primary rat hepatocyte (PRH) culture model. In PRH, indinavir up-regulated (2.5-fold) 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl... |
14695837 | Cyclodextrin-derived diorganyl tellurides as glutathione peroxidase mimics and inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase and cancer cell growth. | Water-soluble diorganyl tellurides of the alkyl aryl or dialkyl type were prepared by treatment of mono-6-tosyl-beta-cyclodextrin with sodium alkanetellurolates or arenetellurolates or sodium telluride. The novel cyclodextrin-derived organotelluriums were evaluated for their capacity to catalyze the reduction of hydrog... |
14695819 | Lessons in molecular recognition: the effects of ligand and protein flexibility on molecular docking accuracy. | The key to success for computational tools used in structure-based drug design is the ability to accurately place or "dock" a ligand in the binding pocket of the target of interest. In this report we examine the effect of several factors on docking accuracy, including ligand and protein flexibility. To examine ligand f... |
14695818 | Molecular recognition of sub-micromolar inhibitors by the epinephrine-synthesizing enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. | The crystal structures of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in complex with S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (7, AdoHcy) and either 7-iodo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (2) or 8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine (3, LY134046) were determined and compared with the structure of the enzyme complex with 7... |
14696038 | Reassessing the molecular biology of sperm-egg recognition with mouse genetics. | The zona pellucida is an extracellular coat that surrounds mammalian eggs and early embryos. This insoluble matrix separates germ from somatic cells during folliculogenesis and plays critical roles during fertilization and early development. The mouse and human zona pellucida contain three glycoproteins (ZP1 or ZPB, ZP... |
14695573 | Nanocage encapsulation of two ortho-carborane molecules. | Bowl-shaped C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene forms a 1:1 ball-and-socket nanostructure with o-carborane through two endo-cavity BC-H...pi hydrogen bonds. In the presence of 4',2:6,4"-terpyridine, two of these nanostructures are held together by four terpyridines through sixteen OH...N hydrogen bonds, completely shrouding ... |
14695570 | Selective adsorption of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by the zeosils UTD-1, SSZ-24, and ITQ-4. | Zeosils are microporous solids with a pure silica framework. Due to their hydrophobic properties, zeosils are ideal host materials for the adsorption of hydrophobic guest molecules. We tested zeosils with different pore diameters (UTD-1, SSZ-24 and ITQ-4 as well as CIT-5) for the selective adsorption of the polychlorin... |
14695561 | Redox-controllable amphiphilic [2]rotaxanes. | With the fabrication of molecular electronic devices (MEDs) and the construction of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs) as incentives, two constitutionally isomeric, redox-controllable [2]rotaxanes have been synthesized and characterized in solution. Therein, they both behave as near-perfect molecular switches, that ... |
14695548 | Detection and amplification of chirality by helical polymers. | A unique feature of synthetic helical polymers for the detection and amplification of chirality is briefly described in this article. In sharp contrast to host-guest and supramolecular systems that use small synthetic receptor molecules, chirality can be significantly amplified in a helical polymer, such as poly(phenyl... |
14695305 | Single-molecule imaging of the H-ras membrane-anchor reveals domains in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the cell membrane. | In the last decade evidence has accumulated that small domains of 50-700 nm in diameter are located in the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Most of these domains supposedly consist of specific sets of lipids and proteins, and are believed to coordinate signal transduction cascades. Whether similar domains are... |
14695290 | Molecular probes: what is the range of their interaction with the environment? | We performed pressure-tuning hole-burning experiments on a modified cytochrome c protein in a glycerol/buffer glass. The shift and the broadening of the holes were investigated for various frequencies within the inhomogeneous band. On the basis of a simple model, we were able to estimate the interaction range between c... |
14695285 | Increasing the amphiphilicity of an amyloidogenic peptide changes the beta-sheet structure in the fibrils from antiparallel to parallel. | Solid-state NMR measurements have been reported for four peptides derived from beta-amyloid peptide Abeta(1-42): Abeta(1-40), Abeta(10-35), Abeta(16-22), and Abeta(34-42). Of these, the first two are predicted to be amphiphilic and were reported to form parallel beta-sheets, whereas the latter two peptides appear nonam... |
14695274 | Membrane binding, structure, and localization of cecropin-mellitin hybrid peptides: a site-directed spin-labeling study. | The interaction of antimicrobial peptides with membranes is a key factor in determining their biological activity. In this study we have synthesized a series of minimized cecropin-mellitin hybrid peptides each containing a single cysteine residue, modified the cysteine with the sulfhydryl-specific methanethiosulfonate ... |
14695267 | Interaction of the protein transduction domain of HIV-1 TAT with heparan sulfate: binding mechanism and thermodynamic parameters. | The positively charged protein transduction domain of the HIV-1 TAT protein (TAT-PTD; residues 47-57 of TAT) rapidly translocates across the plasma membrane of living cells. This property is exploited for the delivery of proteins, drugs, and genes into cells. The mechanism of this translocation is, however, not yet und... |
14695259 | The physiological properties of a novel family of VDAC-like proteins from Drosophila melanogaster. | VDAC, a major protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane, forms voltage-dependent, anion-selective channels permeable to most metabolites. Although multiple isoforms of VDAC have been found in different organisms, only one isoform (porin/DVDAC) has been previously reported for Drosophila melanogaster. We have examined... |
14695253 | Gating gramicidin channels in lipid bilayers: reaction coordinates and the mechanism of dissociation. | The dissociation of gramicidin A (gA) channels into monomers is the simplest example of a channel gating process. The initial steps in this process are studied via a computational model that simulates the reaction coordinate for dimer-monomer dissociation. The nonbonded interaction energy between the monomers is determ... |
14695249 | Sensitivity of OR in phage lambda. | We investigate the sensitivity of the right operator in bacteriophage lambda. In particular, the system is probed in the three different regulatory protein concentration-regimes: 1), lysogen (CI dominates); 2), during induction (CI and Cro at comparable concentrations); and 3), after induction (Cro dominates). Systemat... |
14695602 | Bioinspired molecular design of light-harvesting multiporphyrin arrays. | Recent progress in fundamental studies on multiporphyrin arrays has provided structural parameters for the molecular design of artificial light-harvesting antennae which mimic the wheel-like antenna complexes of photosynthetic purple bacteria. Covalent and noncovalent approaches have been employed for the construction ... |
14694114 | Functional analysis of the human papillomavirus type 16 E1=E4 protein provides a mechanism for in vivo and in vitro keratin filament reorganization. | High-risk human papillomaviruses, such as human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), are the primary cause of cervical cancer. The HPV16 E1=E4 protein associates with keratin intermediate filaments and causes network collapse when expressed in epithelial cells in vitro. Here, we show that keratin association and network reo... |
14694096 | A point mutation within conserved region VI of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase confers altered drug sensitivity and enhances replication fidelity. | Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase contains several conserved regions within the polymerase domain. The conserved regions I, II, III, V, and VII have been shown to have functional roles in the interaction with deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and DNA. However, the role of conserved region VI in DNA... |
14693547 | Peptide deformylase inhibitors as antibacterial agents: identification of VRC3375, a proline-3-alkylsuccinyl hydroxamate derivative, by using an integrated combinatorial and medicinal chemistry approach. | Peptide deformylase (PDF), a metallohydrolase essential for bacterial growth, is an attractive target for use in the discovery of novel antibiotics. Focused chelator-based chemical libraries were constructed and screened for inhibition of enzymatic activity, inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth, and cytotoxicity.... |
14693525 | Oral delivery of meglumine antimoniate-beta-cyclodextrin complex for treatment of leishmaniasis. | The need for daily parenteral administration represents one of the most serious limitations in the clinical use of pentavalent antimonials against leishmaniasis. In this work, we investigated the ability of beta-cyclodextrin to enhance the oral absorption of antimony and to promote the oral efficacy of meglumine antimo... |
14691223 | Protein flexibility and intrinsic disorder. | Comparisons were made among four categories of protein flexibility: (1) low-B-factor ordered regions, (2) high-B-factor ordered regions, (3) short disordered regions, and (4) long disordered regions. Amino acid compositions of the four categories were found to be significantly different from each other, with high-B-fac... |
14688350 | Localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to lipid rafts of epithelial cells is required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced cellular activation. | The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is an epithelial cell receptor for the outer core oligosaccharide of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS. Bacterial binding leads to CFTR-dependent bacterial internalization, initiation of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, cellular desquamation, and ... |
14688086 | Role of the C-terminal lysine residues of streptococcal surface enolase in Glu- and Lys-plasminogen-binding activities of group A streptococci. | Streptococcal surface enolase (SEN) is a major plasminogen-binding protein of group A streptococci. Our earlier biochemical studies have suggested that the region responsible for this property is likely located at the C-terminal end of the SEN molecule. In the present study, the gene encoding SEN was cloned from group ... |
14684270 | Synthesis and characterization of branched poly(L-glutamic acid) as a biodegradable drug carrier. | Polymeric drug delivery systems are used not only to improve aqueous solubility of drug molecules but also to achieve desirable pharmacokinetics and an enhanced therapeutic index. New biodegradable polymers are needed to improve the biodistribution and targeting-ability of polymeric carriers. In this study, the synthes... |
14684312 | Synthesis of heterotrimeric collagen models containing Arg residues in Y-positions and analysis of their conformational stability. | An Arg residue incorporated into the Y-position of collagenous host-guest peptide Ac-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)(3)-Gly-Pro-Y-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)(4)-Gly-Gly-NH(2) is reported to stabilize the triple helical structure as well as a 4(R)-hydroxyproline (Hyp) residue. Here, we synthesized heterotrimeric collagen models containing Arg in Y-pos... |
14681591 | Sindbis virus nucleocapsid assembly: RNA folding promotes capsid protein dimerization. | In Sindbis virus, initiation of nucleocapsid core assembly begins with recognition of the encapsidation signal of the viral RNA genome by capsid protein. This nucleation event drives the recruitment of additional capsid proteins to fully encapsidate the genome, generating an icosahedral nucleocapsid core. The encapsida... |
14681478 | EICO (Expression-based Imprint Candidate Organizer): finding disease-related imprinted genes. | We have developed an integrated database that is specialized for the study of imprinted disease genes. The database contains novel candidate imprinted genes identified by the RIKEN full-length mouse cDNA microarray study, information on validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to confirm imprinting using recipr... |
14681383 | The KNOTTIN website and database: a new information system dedicated to the knottin scaffold. | The KNOTTIN website and database organize information about knottins or inhibitor cystine knots, small disulfide-rich proteins with a knotted topology. Thanks to their small size and high stability, knottins provide appealing scaffolds for protein engineering and drug design. Static pages present the main historical an... |
14679224 | Analysis of differences in the functional properties of the substrate binding proteins of the Borrelia burgdorferi oligopeptide permease (Opp) operon. | The Borrelia burgdorferi genome encodes five orthologues of the substrate binding protein oligopeptide permease A (OppA). It was previously shown that these genes are under the control of separate promoters and are differentially expressed under various environmental conditions. We were interested in determining whethe... |
14676622 | Nitric oxide signaling: systems integration of oxygen balance in defense of cell integrity. | <h4>Purpose of review</h4>Nitric oxide has emerged as a ubiquitous signaling molecule subserving diverse pathophysiologic processes, including cardiovascular homeostasis and its decompensation in atherogenesis. Recent insights into molecular mechanisms regulating nitric oxide generation and the rich diversity of mechan... |
14673152 | CD3/CD28 costimulation-induced NF-kappaB activation is mediated by recruitment of protein kinase C-theta, Bcl10, and IkappaB kinase beta to the immunological synapse through CARMA1. | CARMA1 (also known as CARD11) is a scaffold molecule and contains a caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) and a membrane-associated guanylate kinase-like (MAGUK) domain. It plays an essential role in mediating CD3/CD28 costimulation-induced NF-kappaB activation. However, the molecular mechanism by which CARMA1 mediates cos... |
14672669 | Influence of proline residues in transmembrane helix packing. | Integral membrane proteins often contain proline residues in their alpha-helical transmembrane (TM) fragments, which may strongly influence their folding and association. Pro-scanning mutagenesis of the helical domain of glycophorin A (GpA) showed that replacement of the residues located at the center abrogates helix p... |
14516277 | Murine bubblegum orthologue is a microsomal very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. | It has been suggested that a gene termed bubblegum (Bgm), encoding an acyl-CoA synthetase, could be involved in the pathogenesis of the inherited neurodegenerative disorder X-ALD (X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy). The precise function of the ALDP (ALD protein) still remains unclear. Aldp deficiency in mammals and Bgm def... |
14505490 | Clathrin-dependent endocytosis. | The process by which clathrin-coated vesicles are produced involves interactions of multifunctional adaptor proteins with the plasma membrane, as well as with clathrin and several accessory proteins and phosphoinositides. Here we review recent findings highlighting new insights into mechanisms underlying clathrin-depen... |
14505488 | Size-dependent internalization of particles via the pathways of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. | Non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells can internalize particles <1 microm in size, encompassing pathogens, liposomes for drug delivery or lipoplexes applied in gene delivery. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of particle size on the pathway of entry and subsequent intracellular fate in non-phagocytic B16 ... |
12948396 | Coagulation factor Va Glu-96-Asp-111: a chelator-sensitive site involved in function and subunit association. | Coagulation FVa (factor Va) accelerates the essential generation of thrombin by FXa (factor Xa). Although the noncovalent Ca2+-dependent association between the FVa light and heavy subunits (FVaL and FVaH) is required for function, little is known about the specific residues involved. Previous fragmentation studies and... |
14670507 | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study on order-disorder transition in Langmuir-Blodgett films of 7-(2-octadecyloxycarbonylethyl)guanine before and after recognition to cytidine. | Order-disorder transitions of 9-monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of 7-(2-octadecyloxycarbonylethyl)guanine (ODCG) before and after recognition to cytidine were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The different order-disorder transitions suggest that molecular recognition between ODCG a... |
14670483 | Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer with 7-chloroethyl-theophylline-immobilized silica gel as template and its molecular recognition function. | By reaction of 7-chloroethyl-theophylline with aminopropylsilanized silica gel we synthesized a 7-chloroethyl-theophylline-immobilized silica gel as template molecule and prepared a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP-Si), which had special recognition sites to 7-chloroethyl-theophylline. A conventional molecularly impr... |
14670473 | Preparation and study on the solid inclusion complex of sparfloxacin with beta-cyclodextrin. | The interaction of sparfloxacin with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) has been studied by several analytical techniques, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscope. In this paper, solid inclusion complex of sparfloxacin with beta-CD was syn... |
14670464 | Photoluminescence and Raman studies of Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions in zirconia matrices: example of energy transfer and host-guest interactions. | Photoluminescence and Raman studies on Sm(3+)- and Nd(3+)-doped zirconia are reported. The Raman studies indicate that the monoclinic (m) phase dominates up to a 10 at.% lanthanide level, while stabilization of the cubic phase is attained at approximately 20 and approximately 25 at.% of Sm(3+) and Nd(3+), respectively.... |
14671085 | Cholesterol removal by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin inhibits poliovirus entry. | Upon binding to the poliovirus receptor (PVR), the poliovirus 160S particles undergo a conformational transition to generate 135S particles, which are believed to be intermediates in the virus entry process. The 135S particles interact with host cell membranes through exposure of the N termini of VP1 and the myristylat... |
14659754 | Solid state NMR reveals a pH-dependent antiparallel beta-sheet registry in fibrils formed by a beta-amyloid peptide. | We report solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements that probe the supramolecular organization of beta-sheets in the cross-beta motif of amyloid fibrils formed by residues 11-25 of the beta-amyloid peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease (Abeta(11-25)). Fibrils were prepared at pH 7.4 and pH 2.4. Th... |
14659753 | Crystal structures of the Rhodococcus proteasome with and without its pro-peptides: implications for the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly. | To understand the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly, we have determined structures of the Rhodococcus proteasome and a mutant form that prevents the autocatalytic removal of its pro-peptides. The structures reveal that the pro-peptide acts as an assembly-promoting factor by linking its own beta-subunit to ... |
14660063 | The effect of bupivacaine on compound action potential parameters of sciatic nerve fibers. | The aim of this study was to document the effects of the local anesthetic agent bupivacaine on individual fibers of peripheral nerve. To accomplish this objective, compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded from isolated frog sciatic nerves treated with bupivacaine for seven individual concentration levels. Numeri... |
14659674 | Use of 13C chemical shift surfaces in the study of carbohydrate conformation. Application to cyclomaltooligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) in the solid state and in solution. | The anomeric carbon chemical shifts of free cyclomaltohexaose, -heptaose, -octaose, -decaose, and -tetradecaose (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, epsilon-, and eta-cyclodextrin, respectively), and of alpha-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, both in the solid state and in solution, were computed using ab initio 13C chemical shift ... |
14654397 | Voltammetric study of sodium hypochlorite using dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles. | Electrochemical activity of dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry of sodium hypochlorite. Dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles were deposited onto a glassy carbon surface by electrophoresis and the deposition was observed by transmission... |
14648649 | Anticryptosporidial activity of furan derivative G1 and its inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin. | The capacity of beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) to form a complex with a new furanic derivative, G1, was investigated. Interactions of the drug and betaCD in solution and in the solid state were studied using phase solubility techniques, thermal methods, X-ray, and IR spectroscopy. Preparation of a kneaded mix of G1/betaCD ... |
14651898 | Regular patterns generated by self-organization of ammonium-modified polymer nanospheres. | Macroscopic regular stripe-crack patterns have been observed in the course of drying the aqueous suspensions of ammonium-modified polymer nanospheres. These forms emerged because the evaporation of dispersed water and self-assembly of nanospheres originates shrinkage during drying the aqueous suspensions. The drying co... |
15446361 | Cyclodextrines as functional agents for decontamination of the skin contaminated by nerve agents. | Three decontamination solutions of beta-cyclodextrines were prepared. Their abilities to decontamine rat skin contamined with nerve agent soman were tested. Decontamination efficacy of the tested cyclodextrine solutions was compared with the same decontamination means but without the cyclodextrines. The efficacy of tes... |
15378721 | Mass spectral study of meso-alkyl and meso-cycloalkyl calix(4)pyrroles under electron impact conditions. | A series of meso-cycloalkyl calix(4)pyrroles (I) and meso-dialkyl calix(4)pyrroles (II) has been studied under electron ionization (EI) mass spectral conditions. All the calix(4)pyrroles showed prominent molecular ions. The cleavage of the C--C bond linked at position 2 of the pyrrole ring (beta-cleavage) is the foremo... |
15378719 | Stability of porphyrin-calix[4]arene complexes analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | The stability of some porphyrin-calix[4]arene sodium-ion complexes were determined by a collision-activated decomposition (CAD) method utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Comparing the values of E(1/2), the collision energy at which the relative intensity of the complex ion is 0.5, we found th... |
15376621 | Sphingomyelin and cholesterol: from membrane biophysics and rafts to potential medical applications. | The preferential sphingomyelin-cholesterol interaction which results from the structure and the molecular properties of these two lipids seems to be the physicochemical basis for the formation and maintenance of cholesterol/sphingolipid-enriched nano- and micro-domains (referred to as membrane "rafts") in the plane of ... |
14634997 | Testing electronic structure methods for describing intermolecular H...H interactions in supramolecular chemistry. | In this article a wide variety of computational approaches (molecular mechanics force fields, semiempirical formalisms, and hybrid methods, namely ONIOM calculations) have been used to calculate the energy and geometry of the supramolecular system 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyloxazole (HPMO) encapsulated in beta-cyclode... |
14629981 | Diffusion of hydrocarbons in the reforming catalyst: molecular modelling. | This is an analysis of the diffusion and adsorption of the model reagents involved in the reforming process (heptane, methylcyclohexane and toluene) in the support (gamma-Al2O3) and catalyst (Pt/gamma-Al2O3) made use of in this process. Since the properties of these catalytic systems are influenced by the interactions ... |
14628298 | Separation of cefoperazone enantiomers using beta-cyclodextrin as chiral additive by capillary zone electrophoresis. | A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to separate the enantiomers of cefoperazone. Different cyclodextrins, including alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD), beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD), and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Me-beta-CD), were test... |
15335053 | Differential effects of organic modifiers on the enantioseparation of dimetindene maleate with carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis. | Methanol enhances the enantioresolution of dimetindene enantiomers with carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CMCD) as chiral selector at a concentration below its optimal value. The same effect was observed with ethanol (EtOH), although less pronounced. On the other hand, the addition of isopropanol (IP) or acetonitrile (A... |
15329857 | Investigation of non-covalent interactions between paramagnetic complexes and human serum albumin by electrospray mass spectrometry. | Stable gadolinium(III) chelates are nowadays routinely used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their non-covalent binding to human serum albumin (HSA) has shown to improve their efficacy. Non-covalent interactions lead to complex formation that can be quantified by several techniques that are most... |
15298170 | Escaping from the cell: assembly and budding of negative-strand RNA viruses. | Negative-strand RNA virus particles are formed by a process that includes the assembly of viral components at the plasma membranes of infected cells and the subsequent release of particles by budding. Here, we review recent progress that has been made in understanding the mechanisms of negative-strand RNA virus assembl... |
15293340 | Electron transport in bipyridinium films. | Bipyridinium dications are versatile building blocks for the assembly of functional materials. In particular, their reliable electrochemical response has encouraged the design of electroactive films. Diverse and elegant experimental strategies to coat metallic and semiconducting electrodes with bipyridinium compounds h... |
15278920 | Evaluation of DNA intercalation potential of pharmaceuticals and other chemicals by cell-based and three-dimensional computational approaches. | To what extent noncovalent chemical-DNA interactions, in particular weak nonbonded DNA intercalation, contribute to genotoxic responses in mammalian cells has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, with the exception of predominantly flat, multiple-fused-ring structures, our ability to predict intercalation ability of no... |
14585720 | Bioactive glass as a drug delivery system of tetracycline and tetracycline associated with beta-cyclodextrin. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical properties, in vivo biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of bioactive glasses (BG) used as a controlled release device for tetracycline hydrochloride and an inclusion complex formed by tetracycline and beta-cyclodextrin at 1:1 molar ratio. The BG as wel... |
14580919 | Preparation and characterization of starch/cyclodextrin bioadhesive microspheres as platform for nasal administration of Gabexate Mesylate (Foy) in allergic rhinitis treatment. | Bioadhesive and biodegradable microspheres were obtained by chemical cross-linking with epichlorohydrin of an alkaline solution of a mixture of starch and alpha-, beta-, or gamma-cyclodextrin (CyD). Microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, swelling degree, and water retention. The percentage of ... |
15259854 | Dissolution behaviour of nalidixic acid solid dispersions using water soluble dispersion carriers. | The oral bioavailability of nalidixic acid (NA) is low due to its poor solubility and slow dissolution. Solid dispersions of NA containing varying concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were prepared by solvent evaporation technique in an attempt to impro... |
15248809 | Mucosal drug delivery: membranes, methodologies, and applications. | In recent years, extensive research into novel forms of drug delivery has suggested that mucosal approaches offer a promising therapeutic alternative, especially for systemically acting drugs. Transmucosal drug delivery offers many benefits, including noninvasive administration, convenience, rapid onset, as well as eli... |
15239070 | Programmed assembly of rigid-rod beta-barrel pores: thermal inversion of chirality. | The programmed assembly of p-octiphenyl rods carrying six complementary tripeptide strands was studied in the presence of bilayer membranes using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Thermal CD experiments demonstrated programmed assembly of anionic and cationic rods into supramolecules at low temperature that irrever... |
15239069 | Alcohol-O,O'-dibenzoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid complexes. | Structures of chiral and achiral alcohol-O,O'-dibenzoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid (DBTA) complexes were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (seven new crystal structures were determined). The complexes contain DBTA and chiral alcohol in 1:1, DBTA and achiral alcohol in 1:2 host-guest stoichiometry. The hydroge... |
15216501 | Using sol-gel/crown ether hybrid materials as desalting substrates for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization analysis of oligonucleotides. | This study demonstrates the feasibility of using sol-gel/crown ether hybrid materials as sample substrates that reduce the intensity of the signals of sodium ion adducts of oligonucleotides during matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis. 2-Hydroxymethyl[15]crown-5 and 2-hydroxymethyl[18]crown-6 wer... |
15212188 | Effects and toxicity of new fomocaine derivatives and of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds in rats. | Fomocaine (CAS 56583-43-8) is a local anaesthetic (LA) with good surface anaesthesia and low toxicity, monographed in the German Extra Pharmacopoeia (DAC). In previous experiments it could be shown that both fomocaine and a couple of its derivatives need further pharmaceutical investigations. Therefore, five new C-alky... |
15203906 | Cyclodextrins and oligonucleotide delivery to solid tumours. | Cyclodextrins (CyDs) have traditionally been used for dissolving hydrophobic chemicals into aqueous media, and more recently, for inducing cholesterol efflux from lipid-laden cells as a proposed mechanism for reversal of cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the potential of delivering therapeutic oligonucleoti... |
15190678 | Tau phosphorylation and assembly. | Neurofibrillary tangles, one of the aberrant structures found in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients are mainly composed of tau in hyperphosphorylated form. Thus, a possible relation between phosphorylation and assembly of tau proteins has been analysed. By doing in vitro studies we have observed that in certain ... |
15174193 | Ethylenediamine as a liquid chemical reagent to probe hydrogen bonding and host-guest interactions with crown ethers in an ion trap tandem mass spectrometer. | Ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as a novel liquid chemical reagent to probe hydrogen bonding and host-guest interactions with crown ether derivatives in an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). Selective ion/molecule reaction product ions were generated by reactions of EDA with oxygenated and aza-crown ethers. For the oxyg... |
15170399 | Self-assembly and type III protein export of the bacterial flagellum. | The bacterial flagellum is a supramolecular structure consisting of a basal body, a hook and a filament. Most of the flagellar components are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane by the flagellar type III protein export apparatus in the vicinity of the flagellar base, diffuse down the narrow channel through the... |
15145774 | G0-G1 cell cycle phase transition as revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer: analysis of human fibroblast chromatin. | In the present study, microspectrofluorometry and digital imaging procedures were used to investigate by fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis the changes of chromatin organization during the transition from G0 quiescent stat to G1 phase. G0 transition is a key event in cell cycle progress depending on... |
15142409 | Comparison of transfection agents in forming complexes with ferumoxides, cell labeling efficiency, and cellular viability. | By complexing ferumoxides or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) to transfection agents (TAs), it is possible to magnetically label mammalian cells. There has been no systematic study comparing TAs complexed to SPIO as far as cell labeling efficiency and viability. This study investigates the toxicity and labeling effi... |
15139812 | The use of in vitro peptide-library screens in the analysis of phosphoserine/threonine-binding domain structure and function. | Phosphoserine/threonine-binding domains integrate intracellular signal transduction events by forming multiprotein complexes with substrates of protein serine/threonine kinases. These phosphorylation-dependent molecular recognition events are responsible for coordinating the precise temporal and spatial response of cel... |
15133980 | TGF-beta and TNF-a affect cell surface proteoglycan and sialic acid expression on vascular endothelial cells. | Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaques in the arterial wall brought about by numerous events including the accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL), stimulation of inflammatory responses, the release of cytokines, and the attachment of monocytes to the arterial wall. Proteoglycans are implicated in m... |
15126689 | Interactions among alpha-synuclein, dopamine, and biomembranes: some clues for understanding neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurologic disorder resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Two lines of evidence suggest that the protein alpha-synuclein plays a role in the pathogenesis of PD: Fibrillar alpha-synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies in diseased neurons, and two mutations in a... |
15125643 | Karyotype stability of the DT40 chicken B cell line: macrochromosome variation and cytogenetic mosaicism. | The DT40 transformed chicken B-cell line is an important and widely used vertebrate cell line. Knowledge of the 'wild-type' DT40 karyotype is a significant consideration for most research applications and for extrapolation of results to normal cells. Here we present data indicating that (1) modal karyotype differences ... |
15125642 | Application of AFLP technology to radiation hybrid mapping. | We have investigated the use of AFLP technology as a tool for the high throughput enrichment of Radiation Hybrid (RH) maps. The 3000 rad TM112 bovine RH panel was assayed with 37 EcoRI/TaqI AFLP primer combinations. The number of selective nucleotides used during PCR was increased to seven, to reduce the complexity of ... |
15125641 | Expression of XIST sense and antisense in bovine fetal organs and cell cultures. | Untranslated RNAs transcribed from sense and antisense strands of a gene referred to as X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) play crucial roles in the genetic inactivation and condensation of one of the two X chromosomes in the somatic cells of female mammals. X inactivation is also thought to occur in mammalian male ... |
15125640 | Expression pattern of X-linked genes in sex chromosome aneuploid bovine cells. | Expression of the X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) gene is a prerequisite step for dosage compensation in mammals, accomplished by silencing one of the two X chromosomes in normal female diploid cells or all X chromosomes in excess of one in sex chromosome aneuploids. Our previous studies showing that XIST express... |
15125639 | Construction, characterization and chromosomal mapping of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti). | We constructed a high redundancy bacterial artificial chromosome library of a seriously endangered Old World Monkey, the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) from China. This library contains a total of 136 320 BAC clones. The average insert size of BAC clones was estimated to be 148 kb. The percentage of sma... |
15125638 | FAST-FISH with laser beam microdissected DOP-PCR probe distinguishes the sex chromosomes of Silene latifolia. | We present an improved FISH strategy for differentiating the sex chromosomes of the dioecious model plant, Silene latifolia. Fixed mitotic protoplasts were dropped on a polyethylene naphthalate membrane, the X or Y chromosomes were isolated using nitrogen laser beam microdissection, catapulted by laser pressure, and am... |
15125637 | Molecular-cytogenetic characterization of the origin and the presence of pericentromeric euchromatin on minute supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs). | Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) in human can be defined as additional centric chromosome fragments smaller than chromosome 20. For most small or minute SMCs a correlation with clinical symptoms is lacking, mostly due to problems in visualizing their euchromatic content. Recently we described two new molec... |
15125636 | Transcriptional repression mechanisms of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in humans and chimpanzees. | Polymorphisms related to transcriptional inactivation of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) have long been described in many animals, particularly humans. However, the precise aetiology of such variations is not always clear. We conducted analyses to investigate the repression mechanisms in humans and chimpanzees using... |
15125635 | Cytological evidence for triploid males and females in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. | The presence of both triploid males and females in Bombus terrestris was detected by distinct chromosome observation. These cytological features are novel among the higher Hymenopteran insects. We thus strictly applied the complementary sex determination (CSD) model previously proposed for Hymenopteran insects. Three o... |
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