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1376540 | Sulfated polymers inhibit the interaction of human cytomegalovirus with cell surface heparan sulfate. | Several sulfated polysaccharides (dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, heparin) and copolymers of acrylic acid with vinylalcohol sulfate have proved to be potent inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infectivity in vitro. Sulfated alpha-cyclodextrins are only weak inhibitors of CMV. A close correlation was found ... |
1602563 | Human chromosome 12 is required for optimal interactions between Tat and TAR of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in rodent cells. | Levels of trans activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (HIV-1 LTR) by the virally encoded transactivator Tat show marked species-specific differences. For example, levels of transactivation observed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) rodent cells are 10-fold lower than those in human cel... |
1534854 | Adenovirus E1A makes two distinct contacts with the retinoblastoma protein. | Two regions near the amino terminus of the adenovirus E1A protein, which were first identified by sequence conservation among various adenovirus serotypes, have been shown by genetic studies to be essential for E1A-mediated transformation. These same regions are also required for interaction with a number of cellular p... |
1602542 | Effect of retroviral proteinase inhibitors on Mason-Pfizer monkey virus maturation and transmembrane glycoprotein cleavage. | Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) is the prototype type D retrovirus which preassembles immature intracytoplasmic type A particles within the infected cell cytoplasm. Intracytoplasmic type A particles are composed of uncleaved polyprotein precursors which upon release are cleaved by the viral proteinase to their consti... |
1318399 | Physical and functional interaction of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase and its accessory protein (ICP36) expressed in insect cells. | Expression of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (AD169) DNA polymerase gene under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells has provided a source of highly active CMV DNA polymerase. In extracts from CMV-infected cells, the CMV DNA po... |
24234497 | Determination of orders of relative alkali metal ion affinities of crown ethers and acyclic analogs by the kinetic method. | Ladders of relative alkali ion affinities of crown ethers and acyclic analogs were constructed by using the kinetic method. The adducts consisting of two different ethers bound by an alkali metal ion, (M1 + Cat + M2)(+), were formed by using fast atom bombardment ionization to desorb the crown ethers and alkali metal i... |
22514370 | Subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations: A review of in vitro and in vivo data. | Antimicrobial activity is not an 'all or none' effect. An increase in the rate and extent of antimicrobial action is usually observed over a wide range of antimicrobial concentrations. Subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations are well known to produce significant antibacterial effects, and various antimicrobials at s... |
20725332 | Optical performance of the bovine lens before and after cold cataract. | Cold cataracts were induced in ten bovine lenses and then removed by warming. Cataracts first appeared at an average temperature of 11.7 degrees C. The cataracts appeared to be densest at an average temperature of 1.2 degrees C, while warming caused them to disappear completely at an average temperature of 16.4 degrees... |
18965462 | Influence of medium polarity upon selectivity and efficiency of alkali metal cation sorption by polyether carboxylic acid resins. | The influence of medium polarity upon competitive sorption of alkali-metal cations from aqueous and aqueous methanolic solutions by the polymethacrylic acid resin Amberlite CG-50, two acyclic polyether carboxylic acid resins, and six sym-(alkyl)dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid resins has been investigated. Addition of... |
12209172 | NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of para-Chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha Trifluorotoluene (CAS NO: 98-56-6) Administered in Corn Oil and alpha-Cyclodextrin to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice in 14-Day Comparative Gavage Studies. | p-Chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha trifluorotoluene (CTFT) is a volatile, aromatic liquid used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of dinitroaniline herbicides. To evaluate the toxicity of CTFT, groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex were administered CTFT by gavage once a day for 14 consecutive days in ei... |
1335277 | Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies on benzodiazepine receptor binding: recognition of active sites in receptor and modelling of interaction. | A quantitative structure-activity relationship study was carried out for the binding of a series of 'classical' benzodiazepines (BZs) and some beta-carbolines with BZ receptors to investigate the active sites in the latter and the nature of the binding of compounds with them. Using the Hansch approach, an attempt was m... |
1472382 | Complex carbohydrate-lectin interaction at the interface: a model for cellular adhesion. II. Reactivity of both the oligosaccharide chain and sugar-binding domain of a glycoprotein lectin. | We describe studies of a new model cell adhesion system involving liposomes bearing lectins and the glycosphingolipid, asialomonosialoganglioside (asialoGM1). The model provides a simple analysis of experimental data to elucidate the mechanism of heterophilic cell-cell adhesion mediated by multiple protein-carbohydrate... |
1472381 | Design of novel affinity adsorbents for the purification of trypsin-like proteases. | A number of ligands for the selective purification by affinity chromatography of the trypsin-like protease, porcine pancreatic kallikrein, were designed de novo by computer-aided molecular design. The ligands were designed to mimic the side-chains of a number of arginyl dipeptides and included a benzamidine moiety subs... |
1472380 | Making sense from antisense: a review of experimental data and developing ideas on sense--antisense peptide recognition. | Peptides encoded in the antisense strand of DNA have been predicted and found experimentally to bind to sense peptides and proteins with significant selectivity and affinity. Such sense--antisense peptide recognition has been observed in many systems, most often by detecting binding between immobilized and soluble inte... |
1330811 | Inhibitory effect of piperidinoethylesters of alkoxyphenylcarbamic acids on photosynthesis. | Piperidinoethylesters of 2-, 3- and 4-alkoxysubstituted phenylcarbamic acids (alkoxy = methoxy - decyloxy) inhibit photosynthetic processes in algae and plant chloroplasts. The inhibitory activity is strongly dependent on the alkyl chain length of the alkoxy-substituent showing a typical quasi-parabolic dependence with... |
1421526 | Coincident loss of mitochondria and nuclei during lens fiber cell differentiation. | During normal differentiation, lens fiber cells lose their nuclei, mitochondria, and other membrane-bound organelles. In the present study, a slice preparation of the embryonic chicken lens was used with laser scanning confocal microscopy to study the spatial and temporal patterns of organelle breakdown during embryoni... |
1420467 | Liquid chromatographic resolution of the isomers of tipredane and phenylthioproline using urea-solubilized beta-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase. | Two LC assays were developed using urea-solubilized beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) as a mobile phase additive in combination with reversed-phase columns. A methylsilane column gave optimal resolution of the steroid tipredane from its epimer. An investigation of the effects of beta-CD concentration, column temperature, col... |
1329615 | Effect of antacid on absorption of the quinolone lomefloxacin. | The effect of antacid on the absorption of lomefloxacin (LFLX) in humans was studied. When LFLX was orally administered concomitantly with aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids under fasting conditions, its level in plasma decreased by one-half and its area under the concentration-time curve was reduced by 40% co... |
1409355 | Improved delivery through biological membranes. XLV. Synthesis, physical-chemical evaluation, and brain uptake studies of 2-chloroethyl nitrosourea delivery systems. | The dihydropyridine in equilibrium with pyridinium redox chemical delivery system (CDS) was supplied to two 2-chloroethylnitrosoureas, i.e., HECNU and CCNUOH, and the physicochemical properties of the delivery systems were studied to assess their potential as improved delivery forms to the CNS. Detailed physicochemical... |
1399274 | Design of hydropathically complementary peptides for Big Endothelin affinity purification. | Molecular recognition between Big Endothelin (Big ET) and a computer generated peptide hydropathically complementary to Big ET[16-29] sequence has been studied by analytical high performance liquid affinity chromatography (HPLAC), circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Specific bindin... |
1394302 | Regioselectivity of the insertion reactions of some aromatic diazo compound complexes with cyclomaltoheptaose. | Pyrolysis of solid complexes of aromatic diazo compounds with cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin) yields either derivatives via insertion of carbene into hydroxyl groups. The distribution of the 2-, 3-, and 6-O-isomers indicates that the regioselectivity is moderate. The guest geometry is not as important as its siz... |
1528042 | Pulmonary endothelial cell ATP depletion following intestinal ischemia. | Multiple organ failure (MOF) is known to follow systemic inflammatory mediator activation associated with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. In particular, the pulmonary microvasculature appears to be susceptible to MOF-related injury. This study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that non-cellular plasma fac... |
1522497 | Isolation and solid-state characteristics of a new crystal form of indomethacin. | A new polymorphic crystal form of indomethacin was precipitated from an aqueous solution of indomethacin and beta-cyclodextrin by titration with a 0.5 N HCl aqueous solution. Three polymorphs (alpha, beta, and gamma forms) and a new crystal form were differentiated with thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder X... |
1522488 | Hydroxypropylcyclodextrins in parenteral use. II: Effects on transport and disposition of lipids in rabbit and humans. | Hydroxypropyl ethers of cyclodextrins, after parenteral administration, come into contact with lipids in tissues and in circulation and form water-soluble inclusion complexes with these lipids. A single intravenous administration of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin to a hereditary hyperlipidemic Watanabe rabbit slightly... |
1522487 | Hydroxypropylcyclodextrins in parenteral use. I: Lipid dissolution and effects on lipid transfers in vitro. | Hydroxypropyl ethers of cyclodextrins form water-soluble inclusion complexes with lipids. Of the three hydroxypropylcyclodextrins examined, hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclodextrin had limited specificity for phospholipids, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin had limited specificity for cholesterol, and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyc... |
1504829 | Behavior of axons, Schwann cells and perineurial cells in nerve regeneration within transplanted nerve grafts: effects of anti-laminin and anti-fibronectin antisera. | Wistar rats (close cloned strain) were used to investigate the effect of endogenous laminin and fibronectin on axons, Schwann cells and perineurial cells in the regenerating peripheral nervous system (PNS). Sciatic nerve grafts obtained from donor rats were frozen, thawed and treated with rabbit anti-rat laminin or ant... |
1354363 | Interaction of avidin with the lipoyl domains in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex: three-dimensional location and similarity to biotinyl domains in carboxylases. | Avidin can form intermolecular cross-links between particles of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from various sources. Avidin does this by binding to lipoic acid-containing regions of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase polypeptide chains that comprise the structural core of the complex. It is inferred... |
1500066 | Kinetic and energetic parameters of imipramine binding to monoclonal antibodies as measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. | Monoclonal antibodies which bind small drugs are useful for the study of the interactive forces involved in antibody-ligand complexation. Detailed understanding of these supramolecular forces requires a careful examination of structural and thermodynamic parameters of the interacting molecules. Fluorescence spectroscop... |
1645072 | Some epidemiological observations on medicinal and non-medicinal poisoning in preschool children. | <h4>Study objective</h4>The aim was to identify and compare rates of admission to hospital of preschool children for medicinal and non-medicinal poisoning in a defined population.<h4>Design</h4>The study was an analysis of computerised abstracts of hospital inpatient records for poisoning.<h4>Setting</h4>Six districts ... |
1644888 | Quantitation of l-epinephrine and determination of the d-/l-epinephrine enantiomer ratio in a pharmaceutical formulation by capillary electrophoresis. | A procedure for the quantitation of l-epinephrine and the determination of the d-/l-epinephrine ratio in a pharmaceutical formulation containing l-epinephrine is described. The optical isomers of epinephrine were resolved by capillary electrophoresis with a buffer containing heptakis-(2,6-di-o-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin... |
1637512 | The conformational behaviour of complexes of alpha-cyclodextrin with p-chlorophenol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in water as studied by molecular dynamics simulations. | Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to obtain information about the conformational behaviour and stabilization of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha CD) complexes in water. Simulations of p-chlorophenol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in alpha CD showed that the complex is a very flexible system. The guest compound rotates ... |
1385992 | High energy collision-induced dissociation of alkali-metal ion adducts of crown ethers and acyclic analogs. | High energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) techniques were applied for structural elucidation of alkali-metal ion adducts of crown ethers. The CID of alkali-metal adducts of tetraglyme and hexaethylene glycol were also evaluated to contrast the fragmentation pathways of the cyclic ethers with those of acyclic ana... |
1368353 | Control of enzyme properties in supramolecular systems. | The study deals with stability and activity of enzymes in supramolecular systems. Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) has been studied as model enzyme. The organic phase is rich in C2-C4 acetates. Didodecyldimethylammonium chloride (DD-DACl) has been mainly used as ionic surfactants. The rate of enzyme inactivation is smalle... |
1629399 | Topographic organization of the cochlear spiral ganglion demonstrated by restricted lesions of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. | The morphological organization of the central projections of the cat cochlear spiral ganglion into the cochlear nucleus has been investigated by creating restricted lesions in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) in order to ablate selectively either the lateral or the medial aspect of isofrequency projection lami... |
1622402 | Duck liver 'malic' enzyme. Expression in Escherichia coli and characterization of the wild-type enzyme and site-directed mutants. | A cDNA for duck liver 'malic' enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) was subcloned into pUC-8, and the active enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli TG-2 cells as a fusion protein including a 15-residue N-terminal leader from beta-galactosidase coded by the lacZ' gene. C99S and R70Q mutants of the enzyme were generated by the M13 mism... |
1622396 | Effects of calmodulin antagonists on antibody binding to calmodulin. Distinct conformers of calmodulin induced by the binding of drugs. | An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been used to study the interactions between calmodulin and two calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and a neuropeptide isolated from the hypothalamus. The binding of a monospecific anti-calmodulin antibody, raised in rabbit against dinitrophenylated calmodulin, to ca... |
1622283 | Application of DNA probes to analysis of bacteriophage distribution patterns in the environment. | Radiolabeled bacteriophage DNA probes have been used in this study to determine the distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infecting bacteriophages in natural samples of lake water, sediment, soil, and sewage. The sensitivity of detection of bacteriophage with the DNA probes was between 10(3) and 10(4) PFU and 10(6) to... |
1377819 | Novel mutants of 23S RNA: characterization of functional properties. | Single point mutations corresponding to the positions G2505 and G2583 have been constructed in the gene encoding E.coli 23S rRNA. These mutations were linked to the second mutation A1067 to T, known to confer resistance to thiostrepton (1). Mutant ribosomes were analyzed in vitro for their ability to direct poly(U) dep... |
1620069 | Oxygen relations of nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria. | The enigmatic coexistence of O2-sensitive nitrogenase and O2-evolving photosynthesis in diazotrophic cyanobacteria has fascinated researchers for over two decades. Research efforts in the past 10 years have revealed a range of O2 sensitivity of nitrogenase in different strains of cyanobacteria and a variety of adaptati... |
1617726 | Architecture and design of the nuclear pore complex. | A three-dimensional analysis of the nuclear pore complex reveals the underlying, highly symmetric framework of this supramolecular assembly, how it is anchored in the nuclear membrane, and how it is built from many distinct, interconnected subunits. The arrangement of the subunits within the membrane pore creates a lar... |
1617137 | Replication of viruses in a growing plaque: a reaction-diffusion model. | An understanding of the viral replication process commonly referred to as "plaque growth" is developed in the context of a reaction-diffusion model. The interactions among three components: the virus, the healthy host, and the infected host are represented using rates of viral adsorption and desorption to the cell surf... |
1614851 | The weak, fine-tuned binding of ubiquitous transcription factors to the Il-2 enhancer contributes to its T cell-restricted activity. | The T lymphocyte-specific enhancers of the murine and human Interleukin 2 (Il-2) genes harbour several binding sites for ubiquitous transcription factors. All these sites for the binding of AP-1, NF-kB or Oct-1 are non-canonical sites, i.e. they differ in one or a few base pairs from consensus sequences for the optimal... |
1612287 | Supramolecular organization of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans, in vitro and in the tissues. | Connective tissues maintain shape against external and internal stress. They are molecular hierarchies in which fundamental building units come together in tiers of increasing complexity and mutual interactions, based on information carried in the precursor molecules secreted by cells. The collagen fibril is the end pr... |
1610830 | Mechanism of inhibition of the class C beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99 by phosphonate monoesters. | The class C serine beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99 was inhibited by a series of aryl methylphosphonate monoester monoanions. The effectiveness of these inhibitors was promoted by an acylamido substituent on the methyl group and a good leaving group at phosphorus. The former preference suggests that noncovale... |
1606161 | Analysis of ground-state and transition-state effects in enzyme catalysis. | "The entire and sole source of catalytic power is the stabilization of the transition state; reactant-state interactions are by nature inhibitory and only waste catalytic power". So reads a literature quote expressing the current view on enzyme catalysis proposed by Pauling over 40 years ago. Its validity is now examin... |
1376561 | Mutated c-Ha-ras oncogene alters cytokeratin expression in the human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. | MCF-10A, a spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, has been transformed by transfection with the mutated c-Ha-ras oncogene obtained from T24 carcinoma cells. The pattern of cytokeratin expression was studied in MCF-10A cells in comparison with plasmid transfected or MCF-10Aneo cells, normal ras pr... |
1376332 | Unique region of the minor capsid protein of human parvovirus B19 is exposed on the virion surface. | Capsids of the B19 parvovirus are composed of major (VP2; 58 kD) and minor (VP1; 83 kD) structural proteins. These proteins are identical except for a unique 226 amino acid region at the amino terminus of VP1. Previous immunization studies with recombinant empty capsids have demonstrated that the presence of VP1 was re... |
1601982 | Blocking of lung endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (Lu-ECAM-1) inhibits murine melanoma lung metastasis. | The 90-kD lung endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (Lu-ECAM-1) selectively promotes Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion of lung-metastatic B16 melanoma cells. Corresponding with their metastatic performance, high lung-metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells bind in significantly higher numbers to Lu-ECAM-1 than their intermediate and... |
1601896 | Molecular recognition sites on factor Xa which participate in the prothrombinase complex. | Coagulation factor X, when activated to factor Xa by proteolytic cleavage, itself becomes an active serine protease which participates as a component of the macromolecular prothrombinase complex along with factor Va, phospholipid, and calcium ions. To identify specific structural regions on factor Xa responsible for me... |
1318197 | Transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF)-1 and its cell-specific co-activator activate human papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 oncogene transcription in keratinocytes and cervical carcinoma cells. | The human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 oncogenes, E6 and E7, are transcribed preferentially in keratinocytes and cervical carcinoma cells due to a 5' enhancer. An abundant peptide binding to a 37 nt enhancer element was purified from human keratinocytes by sequence-specific DNA chromatography. This protein was identified as... |
1534752 | The prokaryotic enhancer binding protein NTRC has an ATPase activity which is phosphorylation and DNA dependent. | The prokaryotic activator protein NTRC binds to enhancer-like elements and activates transcription in response to nitrogen limitation by catalysing open complex formation by sigma 54 RNA polymerase holoenzyme. Formation of open complexes requires the phosphorylated form of NTRC and the reaction is ATP dependent. We fin... |
1600942 | Restin: a novel intermediate filament-associated protein highly expressed in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. | We have identified a cDNA coding for a protein of 160 kDa which is expressed in in vitro cultured human peripheral blood monocytes. The predicted amino acid sequence contains an alpha-helical rod domain possessing features characteristic of intermediate filament proteins. However, the immunocytochemical staining patter... |
1600938 | A novel extensin that may organize extracellular matrix biogenesis in Volvox carteri. | ISG is a sulphated, extracellular glycoprotein synthesized for only a few minutes in inverting Volvox embryos and inverting sperm cell packets. This control operates at the level of transcription. ISG has been characterized by studies of protein chemistry and electron microscopy. The primary structure of ISG has been d... |
1597178 | Properties of yeast debranching enzyme and its specificity toward branched cyclodextrins. | Debranching enzyme was purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by DEAE-cellulose, omega-aminobutyl agarose and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The activity of the eluent was monitored by the iodine-staining method which detects both the direct and indirect debranching enzymes. The elution profiles at every step sh... |
1317378 | Permeability and charge-dependent adsorption properties of the S-layer lattice from Bacillus coagulans E38-66. | We investigated the permeability properties of the oblique S-layer lattice from Bacillus coagulans E38-66 after depositing cell wall fragments on a microfiltration membrane, cross-linking the S-layer protein with glutaraldehyde, and degrading the peptidoglycan with lysozyme. Comparative permeability studies on such mul... |
1592801 | Haloalkaliphilic maltotriose-forming alpha-amylase from the archaebacterium Natronococcus sp. strain Ah-36. | A haloalkaliphilic archaebacterium, Natronococcus sp. strain Ah-36, produced extracellularly a maltotriose-forming amylase. The amylase was purified to homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, hydroxylapatite chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated t... |
1534143 | DNA-binding properties of the E1A-associated 300-kilodalton protein. | One of the major E1A-associated cellular proteins is a 300-kDa product (p300) that binds to the N-terminal region of the E1A products. The p300 binding site is distinct from sequences involved in binding the retinoblastoma product and other E1A-associated cellular products such as p60-cyclin A and p107. p300 binding to... |
1588951 | Point mutations in the Drosophila hairy gene demonstrate in vivo requirements for basic, helix-loop-helix, and WRPW domains. | The Drosophila pair-rule gene, hairy (h), encodes a nuclear basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein that regulates embryonic segmentation and adult bristle patterning. In both cases, the h protein behaves as a transcriptional repressor. In this study, we determined the molecular nature of 12 h alleles. One mutation maps ... |
1587593 | Proteinases of Proteus spp.: purification, properties, and detection in urine of infected patients. | The proteinases secreted by pathogenic strains of Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris biotype 2, P. vulgaris biotype 3, and P. penneri were purified with almost 100% recovery by affinity chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose followed by anion-exchange chromatography. The proteinase purified from the urinary tract pathogen P. m... |
1583735 | A cDNA clone of tomato mosaic virus is infectious in plants. | A cDNA clone of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) genomic RNA was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter and the nopaline synthase gene polyadenylation signal. The transcriptional initiation site of the 35S RNA promoter was altered by in vitro mutagenesis so that the resulting transcripts start at the first nu... |
1374811 | Disulfide-bonded discontinuous epitopes on the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype). | Intrachain disulfide bonds between paired cysteines in the glycoprotein (G) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) are required for the recognition of discontinuous epitopes by specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (W. Keil and R. R. Wagner, Virology 170:392-407, 1989). Cleavage by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease of the... |
1316477 | Identification of a putative receptor for subgroup A feline leukemia virus on feline T cells. | Retrovirus infection is initiated by the binding of virus envelope glycoprotein to a receptor molecule present on cell membranes. To characterize a receptor for feline leukemia virus (FeLV), we extensively purified the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp70, from culture supernatants of FeLV-61E (subgroup A)-infected cells ... |
1583722 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection and fusion of CD4-negative human cell lines: induction and enhancement by soluble CD4. | We describe human immunodeficiency type 2 (HIV-2) strains which induce cell-to-cell fusion and infect certain CD4- human cell lines. Soluble CD4 (sCD4) induces or enhances fusion by most HIV-2 strains tested. Soluble CD4-immunoglobulin G chimeras and conjugates of sCD4 and antibody to the third domain of CD4 block HIV-... |
1316459 | Characterization of a herpes simplex virus sequence which binds a cellular protein as either a single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA. | Earlier we reported that herpes simplex virus 1 DNA contains a sequence which binds a host protein in a sequence-specific manner as either a single-stranded or a double-stranded DNA or RNA and that this sequence is located in a transcriptional unit whose RNA traverses the origin of viral DNA replication (OriSRNA) (R.J.... |
1583717 | Effects of deletions in the cytoplasmic domain on biological functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins. | The role of the cytoplasmic domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins in virus replication was investigated. Deletion of residues 840 to 856 at the carboxyl terminus of gp41 reduced the efficiency of virus entry during an early step in the virus life cycle between CD4 binding and ... |
1577870 | O-glycosylation of intact and truncated ribophorins in brefeldin A-treated cells: newly synthesized intact ribophorins are only transiently accessible to the relocated glycosyltransferases. | Ribophorins I and II are type I transmembrane glycoproteins of the ER that are segregated to the rough domains of this organelle. Both ribophorins appear to be part of the translocation apparatus for nascent polypeptides that is associated with membrane-bound ribosomes and participate in the formation of a proteinaceou... |
1577869 | Laminin forms an independent network in basement membranes. | Laminin self-assembles in vitro into a polymer by a reversible, entropy-driven and calcium-facilitated process dependent upon the participation of the short arm globular domains. We now find that this polymer is required for the structural integrity of the collagen-free basement membrane of cultured embryonal carcinoma... |
28568677 | TIME OF ORIGIN AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SPECIALIZED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NORTHERN MARINE PLANTS AND HERBIVOROUS MOLLUSCS. | A survey of cool-temperate North Pacific and North Atlantic marine plants and herbivorous molluscs and their descendants was undertaken to determine the time of origin and the biogeographical history of specialized host-guest relationships between plants and herbivores. Of 12 such associations, 6 (50%) were established... |
16668920 | A Histidine-Rich Extensin from Zea mays Is an Arabinogalactan Protein. | Earlier we isolated a threonine-rich extensin from maize (Zea mays). Here, we report that maize cell suspension cultures yield a new extensin rich in histidine (HHRGP) that also has characteristics of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Thus, chymotryptic peptide maps of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF)-deglycosylated HHR... |
1445687 | [A new inclusion complex of silibinin and beta-cyclodextrins: in vitro dissolution kinetics and in vivo absorption in comparison with traditional formulations]. | The very low bioavailability of silybinin, the main constituent of silymarin, so far prevented the development of an oral pharmaceutical specialty based on this active ingredient. To overcome this difficulty, an inclusion complex between Silybinin and beta-Cyclodextrin was prepared. The new complex was compared in vitr... |
1359062 | Use of prostaglandin E1 (lipo-PGE1) to treat Raynaud's phenomenon associated with connective tissue disease: thermographic and subjective assessment. | Four patients with connective tissue disease who had been suffering from severe Raynaud's phenomenon were treated with an intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and its effectiveness was assessed by thermography and a questionnaire approach. PGE1 in a lipid microsphere formulation (lipo-PGE1) produced a signif... |
1421282 | [Thiol-induced fragmentation of chromosomal DNA]. | Supramolecular complexes of DNA (SC DNA) were isolated from loach sperm, loach erythrocytes and hen erythrocytes by the phenol method. By the use of UV-sedimentation on neutral 5-20% sucrose gradient, we studied the effect of 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), dithiothreitol (DTT) and NaBH4 on SC DNA at different pH and long-time... |
1418563 | [A new method of enveloping volatile oils in Chinese medicinal herbs with beta-cyclodextrin]. | A comparison has been made of the enveloping rate of volatile oil by three different methods with beta-cyclodextrin. The result indicates that the saturated water solution enveloping method is very close to the gas-liquid enveloping method, P greater than 0.05, but the liquid-liquid enveloping method is apparently high... |
1409827 | Availability of phenindione-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. | The inclusion complexation was occurred between beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and phenindione (1) in aqueous solution. The complex formation was proved by solubility, dissolution and permeation study. The inclusion complex was prepared and its physicochemical properties was studied. 1 was combined with beta-CD in 1:1 mol... |
1403662 | [Molecular interaction in pharmaceutical solution, solubilization, partition, and stability of drugs]. | The pharmaceutical studies carried out by the author during 40 years were reviewed from the viewpoint of molecular interaction. Included subjects are: electrostatic interaction between drug ions, ion pair formation and its partition to organic phase, drug solubilization by adjuvants, partition of drugs between aqueous ... |
1394642 | Effect of cyclodextrins on biological membrane. II. Mechanism of enhancement on the intestinal absorption of non-absorbable drug by cyclodextrins. | The effects of two kinds of cyclodextrins (CyDs), alpha- and beta-CyD, on biological membranes were investigated by measuring changes in the absorption of a non-absorbable drug, sulfanilic acid (SA), from the rat small intestine, using in situ and in vitro experiments. After pretreatment with a mucolytic agent, N-acety... |
1394628 | Preparation of three positional isomers of diglucosyl-cyclomaltohexaose. | Three positional isomers of diglucosyl-cyclomaltohexaose (diglucosyl-cG6) were chemically synthesized via 6(1),6(2)-, 6(1),6(3)-, and 6(1),6(4)-di-O-(TERT-butyldimethylsilyl)-cG6S (1, 2, and 3) prepared regiospecifically. Glucosylation of bis(2,3-di-O-acetyl)tetrakis(2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl)-CG6S obtained from the three reg... |
1519746 | Enzyme-catalyzed oligosaccharide synthesis. | Cell-surface carbohydrates and their conjugates are involved in many types of molecular recognition. This review describes recent developments in enzyme-catalyzed oligosaccharide synthesis, with particular focus on glycosyltransferase and glycosidase reactions. With the increasing availability of glycosyltransferases v... |
1516099 | The crystal structure of the inclusion complex of cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin) with 4-tert-butyltoluene. | The crystal of the 1:1 complex of 4-tert-butyltoluene with cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin, beta CD) is triclinic P1 with a = 15.562(2), b = 15.564(4), c = 15.835(3) A, alpha = 102.11(2), beta = 102.15(1), gamma = 103.64(2) degrees, V = 3505(1) A3, and Z = 2. The two independent beta CD molecules in the asymmetri... |
1507658 | Inhibitory effect of OP-41483.alpha-CD, a prostacyclin analog, on peripheral vascular lesion models in rats. | The effect of a chemically stable prostacyclin analog, OP-41483 alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (OP-41483.alpha-CD), on vascular lesions, platelet aggregation and blood pressure were examined and compared with those of prostaglandin E1 alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (PGE1.CD) in in vivo rat models. 1) In the laurate (1 mg/l... |
1501500 | In vivo selective monitoring of basal levels of cerebral dopamine using voltammetry with Nafion modified (NA-CRO) carbon fibre micro-electrodes. | The electrochemical technique of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with micro-biosensors has been used for a number of years to monitor in vivo and in situ changes in the extracellular concentration of cerebral ascorbic acid, as well as that of the metabolites of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). We have recently ... |
1640717 | Dynamics aspects of long distance functional interactions between membrane-bound enzymes. | The aim of this mini review is to study how an organized charged milieu, such as a membrane, may alter functional long-distance interactions between bound enzymes. Two questions are more specifically considered. The first is to know whether the overall response of a bound enzyme is dependent upon the degree of spatial ... |
1630683 | ["Multiorgan failure" in surgery: its physiopathology, prevention and treatment. A review of the literature]. | At present multiorgan failure (MOF) is the complication with the highest mortality after emergency or elective general surgery. The syndrome seems to find its pathogenesis out of the very complex interactions of endogenous and exogenous mediators; instead the physiopathology seems to depend on cellular oxygen deficienc... |
1626070 | Molecular biology of nuclear autoantigens. | This article provides a historical overview of the application of molecular and immunologic techniques to the analysis of autoantigenic structure and function, as well as to autoantibody recognition of protein and nucleic acid autoantigens. Examples presented here illustrate the role of autoantibodies as tools in the e... |
1368244 | Degradation of phenol and phenolic compounds by Pseudomonas putida EKII. | The phenol-degrading strain Pseudomonas putida EKII was isolated from a soil enrichment culture and utilized phenol up to 10.6 mM (1.0 g.l-1) as the sole source of carbon and energy. Furthermore, cresols, chlorophenols, 3,4-dimethylphenol, and 4-chloro-m-cresol were metabolized as sole substrates by phenol-grown restin... |
1604282 | [Septic syndrome: cardiocirculatory assessment]. | Severe sepsis is characterized by increased oxygen demand, alteration of oxygen extraction, and a diminution of myocardial contractility. The importance of each of these three factors is directly related to the severity of the sepsis. The combination of these factors may lead to tissue hypoxia, which is the shortest ro... |
1600073 | Sodium-23 and potassium-39 nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation in eye lens. Examples of quadrupole ion magnetic relaxation in a crowded protein environment. | Single and multiple quantum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the motional dynamics of sodium and potassium ions in concentrated protein solution, represented in this study by cortical and nuclear bovine lens tissue homogenates. Both ions displayed homogeneous biexponent... |
1599390 | Binding of human plasminogen to basement-membrane (type IV) collagen. | Plasminogen, the zymogen form of the serine proteinase plasmin, has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes involving extracellular-matrix remodelling. We have previously demonstrated that the activation of plasminogen catalysed by tissue plasminogen activator is dramatically stimulated in ... |
1598572 | A transcriptional enhancer whose function imposes a requirement that proteins track along DNA. | Transcriptional regulation of the bacteriophage T4 late genes requires the participation of three DNA polymerase accessory proteins that are encoded by T4 genes 44, 62, and 45, and that act at an enhancer-like site. Transcriptional activation by these DNA replication proteins also requires the function of an RNA polyme... |
1596507 | Molecular packing parameters of bipolar lipids. | The bipolar lipid fractions extracted from the thermophilic archaeobacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus have different chemical structures and geometrical shapes. The conditions which lead to the formation of vesicles were investigated in order to study the self-assembly of these molecules. Such conditions are fulfilled w... |
1375451 | Effects of guanidinium hydrochloride on the structure and immunological properties of Bordetella pertussis fimbriae. | Denaturation of Bordetella pertussis fimbrial preparations by guanidinium hydrochloride (GdnHCl) has been characterized using static light scattering, c.d., fluorescence and antibody recognition. The susceptibility of Fim2 + 3 (a mixed preparation of two fimbrial types) to GdnHCl was found to be highly dependent on pH;... |
1590756 | Expression in Escherichia coli of a sub-gene encoding the lipoyl and peripheral subunit-binding domains of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus. | A sub-gene encoding the N-terminal 170 residues of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase chain of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus was over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed polypeptide consists of the lipoyl domain, inter-domain linker and peripheral subunit-bin... |
1589798 | Crossover reactions between synthetic replicators yield active and inactive recombinants. | Self-replicating molecules can be synthesized through the covalent linkage of two complementary subunits to give a self-complementary structure. Complementarity refers to sizes, shapes, and the weak intermolecular forces involved in molecular recognition between the two subunits. In order to provide a model system for ... |
1587361 | Design, synthesis and solution structure of a renin inhibitor. Structural constraints from NOE, and homonuclear and heteronuclear coupling constants combined with distance geometry calculations. | A macrocyclic renin inhibitor was designed using molecular modeling and a model of human renin. The synthesized molecular displayed poor binding affinity. To investigate the reasons for the observed inactivity, the structure of the compound has been studied by NMR spectroscopy and distance geometry. Structural constrai... |
1584815 | Characterization of a single-chain T-cell receptor expressed in Escherichia coli. | Despite progress in defining the nature of major histocompatibility complex products that are recognized by the T-cell antigen receptor, the binding properties and structure of the receptor have not been solved. The primary problem has been the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of active receptor. In this r... |
1316613 | Excision of Tn10 from the donor site during transposition occurs by flush double-strand cleavages at the transposon termini. | Tn10 transposition is accomplished without extensive replication of the transposon sequences. Replicative cointegrate formation is precluded by efficient separation of transposon sequences from flanking donor DNA at an early stage in the transposition reaction. We report here that excision of Tn10 from its donor site o... |
1374910 | How cytotoxic T cells manage to discriminate nonself from self at the nonapeptide level. | Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are confronted with an apparently insurmountable dilemma. Each should show a binding preference to a common enough variety of nonapeptides, so that one relevant nonapeptide can be found in at least every other viral protein to provoke a cytotoxic T-cell response. ... |
1316608 | Efficiency of binding the retinoblastoma protein correlates with the transforming capacity of the E7 oncoproteins of the human papillomaviruses. | The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) associated with genital tract lesions can be classified as either "high risk" or "low risk" based on their association with human anogenital cancer. The E7 proteins of the high-risk and the low-risk viruses are quite similar in their amino acid composition and structural organization y... |
1583141 | Separation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis by using high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids. | Profile analysis of mycolic acid ester patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Gúerin (BCG) using high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that separation of BCG from M. tuberculosis and M. bovis by elution and relative retention times is possible. ... |
1315872 | Molecular recognition of amiloride analogs: a molecular electrostatic potential analysis. 1. Pyrazine ring modifications. | Ab initio molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) patterns are used to determine the electrostatic requirements for the formation of a stable blocking complex between amiloride analogs and the epithelial sodium channel of Rana ridibunda. MEP maps calculated in the 3-21G(*) and STO-3G basis sets for amiloride and analog... |
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