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1349642 | Use of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as an intrathecal drug vehicle with opioids. | 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CDEX), a seven-membered glucose pyranose structure, forms reversible inclusion complexes with the lipophilic portion of a drug molecule by noncovalent bonding. This can increase the water solubility of lipid-soluble drugs and reduce the rate of clearance of such agents from the spinal... |
1349608 | Accumulation of a microtubule-binding protein, pp170, at desmosomal plaques. | The establishment of epithelial cell polarity correlates with the formation of specialized cell-cell junctions and striking changes in the organization of microtubules. A significant fraction of the microtubules in MDCK cells become stabilized, noncentrosomally organized, and arranged in longitudinal bundles in the api... |
1349602 | Cloning, sequencing, and molecular analysis of the groESL operon of Clostridium acetobutylicum. | The groESL operon of Clostridium acetobutylicum was cloned in Escherichia coli by using a gene probe of E. coli groESL. Sequencing of a positively reacting 2.2-kbp HindIII fragment contained in the recombinant plasmid pFN1 and a 2.5-kbp XbaI fragment present in pFN4 revealed that both fragments partially overlapped and... |
1374377 | Interaction of the heat shock protein GroEL of Escherichia coli with single-stranded DNA-binding protein: suppression of ssb-113 by groEL46. | Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that an allele of the heat shock protein GroEL (groEL411) is able to specifically suppress some of the physiological defects of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein mutation ssb-1. A search for additional alleles of the groE genes which may act as suppressors for ssb m... |
1572897 | Domains of type X collagen: alteration of cartilage matrix by fibril association and proteoglycan accumulation. | During endochondral bone formation, hypertrophic cartilage is replaced by bone or by a marrow cavity. The matrix of hypertrophic cartilage contains at least one tissue-specific component, type X collagen. Structurally type X collagen contains both a collagenous domain and a COOH-terminal non-collagenous one. However, t... |
1572896 | Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates collagen VII expression by cutaneous cells in vitro. | Collagen VII, the major component of cutaneous anchoring fibrils is expressed at a low level by normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. In cocultures of these two cell types, signals from fibroblasts enhance expression of collagen VII by keratinocytes and vice versa. In this study, the effects of a possibl... |
1315036 | Cyclosporin-mediated inhibition of bovine calcineurin by cyclophilins A and B. | The Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is inhibited by the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A in the presence of cyclophilin A or B. Of the two isoforms, cyclophilin B is more potent by a factor of 2-5 when either the phosphoprotein [32P]casein or the [32P]phosphoserine [Ser(32P)] form o... |
1373815 | Structure and expression of a calcium-binding protein gene contained within a calmodulin-regulated protein kinase gene. | We have determined the first genomic structure and characterized the mRNA and protein products of a novel vertebrate gene that encodes a calcium-binding protein with amino acid sequence identity to a protein kinase domain. The elucidation of the complete DNA sequence of this transcription unit and adjacent genomic DNA,... |
1373812 | Synergistic action of interleukin-6 and glucocorticoids is mediated by the interleukin-6 response element of the rat alpha 2 macroglobulin gene. | One class of genes coding for the acute-phase proteins (acute-phase genes) is induced by interleukin 6 (IL-6) through the human transcription factor NF-IL-6 and its rat homolog IL-6-DBP/LAP. A second class, represented by the rat alpha 2 macroglobulin gene, utilizes a different IL-6 response element (IL-6-RE) and diffe... |
1373758 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat-reactive antibodies present in normal HIV-negative sera and depleted in HIV-positive sera. Identification of the epitope. | We have detected, in sera of normal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-free subjects, IgM antibodies reactive with the Tat protein of HIV in significant titers and at very high frequency, and, in HIV-positive sera, progressively lower titers as HIV pathogenesis ensues. Epitope analysis indicates that the Tat-reactive a... |
1569028 | Site-specific proteolysis of mini-F plasmid replication protein RepE destroys initiator function and generates an incompatibility substance. | Plasmid F replication is controlled by a plasmid-specified Rep protein with both autorepressor and initiator functions. The mechanism by which these two functions of a Rep protein are balanced to achieve stable replication is unknown; however, we speculated in prior work that Rep protein modification could be involved.... |
1567208 | Structural determinants in substrate recognition by proton-amino acid symports in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from sugar beet leaves. | Amino acids are actively transported across the plasma membrane of plant cells by proton-coupled symports. Previously, we identified four amino acid symports in isolated plasma membrane vesicles, including two porters for the neutral amino acids. Here we investigated the effect of amino acid analogues on neutral amino ... |
1563792 | Staphylococcus aureus and derived exotoxins induce nuclear factor kappa B-like activity in murine bone marrow macrophages. | Heat-killed gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as well as S. aureus-derived exotoxins B and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 can induce nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)-like activity in murine bone marrow macrophages. The induction of NF-kappa B-like activity in murine macrophages by S. aureus was as effective as induc... |
1563789 | Evidence that Candida albicans binds via a unique adhesion system on phagocytic cells in the marginal zone of the mouse spleen. | We recently demonstrated by using an ex vivo adhesion assay that Candida albicans yeast cells exhibit a unique binding affinity for the marginal zone of the spleen. This binding event provides a working model for studying mechanisms of organ dissemination of the fungus from the blood. By using the ex vivo assays report... |
1563758 | Consequences of microbial attachment: directing host cell functions with adhesins. | We take the view that adherence is not just a static process of holding hands but rather elicits a response in the targeted cell. From this point of view, adherence is an active process with an outcome. This outcome or fate is predictable only when several parameters of the host cell-adhesin interaction are known: is t... |
1560545 | Expression and extracellular release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursors by recombinant baculovirus-infected cells. | The level of synthesis and extracellular release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag by insect cells was analyzed, using eight different recombinants of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus harboring various constructs of the gag gene, cloned under the polyhedrin promoter. The results obtained sugge... |
1313919 | Expression of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus capsid proteins by a recombinant vaccinia virus: self-assembly of capsid proteins into particles. | A portion of a cDNA clone containing coding sequences for both structural proteins (VP1 and VP2) of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) was inserted into recombinant vaccinia viruses, VV:ADSP. Immunohistochemical staining of VV:ADSP-infected cells revealed that the ADV antigen was readily detected and localized in t... |
17795216 | Scandium clusters in fullerene cages. | The production and spectroscopic characterization of fullerene-encapsulated metal-atom clusters is reported. In particular, both solution and solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Sc(3)C(82) have been obtained. ScC(82) also gives an EPR spectrum, but Sc2Cn species-the most abundant metallofullere... |
1304349 | The refined 1.9-A X-ray crystal structure of D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethylketone-inhibited human alpha-thrombin: structure analysis, overall structure, electrostatic properties, detailed active-site geometry, and structure-function relationships. | Thrombin is a multifunctional serine proteinase that plays a key role in coagulation while exhibiting several other key cellular bioregulatory functions. The X-ray crystal structure of human alpha-thrombin was determined in its complex with the specific thrombin inhibitor D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethylketone (PPACK) using ... |
1390498 | Capsular 'pits' in the human lens. | The lens capsule is an atypical basement membrane surrounding the lens epithelial cells and lens fibres which make up the remainder of the human lens. A seemingly unreported morphological change visible in the lens capsule with the biomicroscope is described. |
1326984 | Structural domains of phytochrome deduced from homologies in amino acid sequences. | A method of semiempirical identification of structural domains is proposed. The procedure is based on the comparison of amino acid sequences in groups of homologous proteins. This approach was tested using 32 known protein sequences from different cytochrome b5, cytochrome c, lysozyme, hemoglobin, and myoglobin protein... |
1525780 | A vibrating flexible chain in a molecular cage: crystal structure of the complex cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin)-1,4-butanediol.6.25H2O. | A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the title complex carried out at room temperature revealed space group P2(1), a = 21.199(12), b = 9.973(3), c = 15.271(8) A, beta = 110.87(3) degrees, V = 3017(3) A3, 4681 unique reflections with Fo greater than 1 sigma (Fo). The structure was refined to R = 0.069, resolution... |
1517333 | Trypsin and affinity chromatography. | Affinity adsorbents for trypsin which were prepared by immobilizing product-type ligands, that is, peptides having C-terminal arginine, proved to be effective not only for preparative purposes but also for basic research on molecular recognition. The properties of the binding site of trypsin were revealed by chromatogr... |
1517311 | Membrane-based receptor affinity chromatography. | Membrane-based receptor affinity chromatography (MRAC), which utilizes the molecular recognition between an immobilized receptor and its soluble protein ligand, has been developed for the purification of human interleukin-2 and related biomolecules. The multi-purpose affinity membrane used in this study consisted of a ... |
1517174 | Factors affecting antibacterial activity of hop compounds and their derivatives. | The antibacterial effect of weak acids derived from the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) increased with decreasing pH. Analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration of such compounds against Lactobacillus brevis IFO 3960 over pH 4-7 suggests that undissociated molecules were mainly responsible for inhibition of bacter... |
1506986 | Photodynamic inactivation of retroviruses by phthalocyanines: the effects of sulphonation, metal ligand and fluoride. | The photodynamic inactivation of retroviruses was investigated using aluminium and zinc phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives. The N2 retrovirus packaged in either of the two murine cell lines, Psi2 and PA317, was used as a model for enveloped viruses. AlPc derivatives were found to be more effective photodynamically for ina... |
1506286 | An ultrastructural study of the cytoplasmic aspects of erythrocyte membranes by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method. | A novel method for preparing exposed cytoplasmic aspects of erythrocyte membranes is described which improves the resolution in direct electron microscope images. Normal human erythrocytes were briefly fixed with paraformaldehyde and pelleted. Glass coverslips were coated with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and glutaral... |
1503435 | Safety and efficacy of intranasal pirodavir (R77975) in experimental rhinovirus infection. | Pirodavir (R77975) is a capsid-binding, antipicornaviral agent with in vitro activity against most rhinovirus (RV) serotypes. We conducted four double-blind, controlled trials to assess the efficacy of intranasal pirodavir in experimentally induced RV infection of susceptible volunteers. Intranasal pirodavir (2 mg per ... |
1499029 | Roles of the aromatic side chains in the binding of substrates, inhibitors, and cyclomalto-oligosaccharides to the glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger probed by perturbation difference spectroscopy, chemical modification, and mutagenesis. | The roles of the aromatic side chains of the glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger in the binding of ligands, as determined by difference spectroscopy using four types of inhibitors (a) valienamine-derived, (b) 1-deoxynojirimycins, (c) D-glucono-1,5-lactone, and (d) maltitol, two types of disaccharide substrates (a) alph... |
1495905 | 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on the inclusion complex of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) with alpha-cyclodextrin. | Prostaglandin E1 is currently marketed as a freeze-dried injectable inclusion complex with alpha-cyclodextrin for the treatment of peripheral arterial diseases. alpha-Cyclodextrin is used as a stabilizing agent and to improve the dissolution characteristics of prostaglandin E1. Upon dilution with the infusion medium, t... |
1351300 | DNA supercoiling and relaxation by ATP-dependent DNA topoisomerases. | Bacterial DNA gyrase and the eukaryotic type II DNA topoisomerases are ATPases that catalyse the introduction or removal of DNA supercoils and the formation and resolution of DNA knots and catenanes. Gyrase is unique in using ATP to drive the energetically unfavourable negative supercoiling of DNA, an example of mechan... |
1318167 | Characteristics of C6 glioma cells overexpressing a gap junction protein. | 1. C6 glioma cells transfected with connexin43 cDNA display a dramatic increase in the level of connexin43 mRNA and protein. 2. This overexpression of connexin43 is evident at the cellular level, as revealed with in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Transfection with connexin43 cDNA also induced actin stress ... |
1375921 | Application of molecular encapsulation for toxicology studies: comparative toxicity of p-Chloro-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluorotoluene in alpha-cyclodextrin vehicle versus corn oil vehicle in male and female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. | The application of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) as an alternative vehicle for water insoluble and volatile chemicals was investigated in toxicity studies of p-chloro-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluorotoluene (CTFT). Groups of F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex were administered CTFT (97% pure) by gavage in either corn o... |
1368209 | Specific inhibition by cyclodextrins of raw starch digestion by fungal glucoamylase. | alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) completely inhibited raw starch digestion by glucoamylase I (GA I, MW 90,000) from Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi, and inhibited by 85% the raw starch adsorption of GA I at the CD concentrations of 1-5 mM. CDs at 1-5 mM did not inhibit gelatinized starch hydrolysis by GA I... |
1591865 | Serum analysis for potassium ions using a fibre optic sensor. | A fibre optic potassium ion sensor has been developed based on reflectance measurements of the pH-dependent chromogenic crown ether 'Takagi reagent' immobilized on the non-ionic polymeric resin Amberlite XAD2. The sensor response is in the 1.5-100 mM range with a detection limit of 0.25 mM K+. The selectivity factor ov... |
1580021 | [Multiple trauma: definition, shock, multiple organ failure]. | Multiple organ failure (MOF) following major trauma occurs in response to perfusion deficits, a persistent inflammatory focus, or a persistent focus of dead and/or injured tissue. Several pathophysiologic aspects are considered relevant to current clinical practice. Their application in settings of trauma and surgical ... |
1374555 | Mutations in E.coli 16s rRNA that enhance and decrease the activity of a suppressor tRNA. | The in vivo expression of mutations constructed within helix 34 of 16S rRNA has been examined together with a nonsense tRNA suppressor for their action at stop codons. The data revealed two novel results: in contrast to previous findings, some of the rRNA mutations affected suppression at UAA and UAG nonsense codons. S... |
1576586 | Antiviral therapy: current concepts and practices. | Drugs capable of inhibiting viruses in vitro were described in the 1950s, but real progress was not made until the 1970s, when agents capable of inhibiting virus-specific enzymes were first identified. The last decade has seen rapid progress in both our understanding of antiviral therapy and the number of antiviral age... |
1575699 | Chemical evidence for the existence of activated G-actin. | Globular actin (G-actin) will polymerize to form filamentous actin (F-actin) under physiological ionic conditions, and is known to be regulated by univalent and bivalent cations, such as K+ and Mg2+. The current concept of this process involves four steps: activation, nucleation, elongation and annealing. Evidence for ... |
1533513 | Mechanism of inhibition of the calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum by thapsigargin. | The steady-state ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic-reticulum (Ca(2+)-Mg2+)-ATPase is inhibited by thapsigargin at a molar ratio of 1:1, with a dissociation constant for thapsigargin estimated to be in the sub-nanomolar range. In the presence of thapsigargin, only a single Ca2+ ion binds to the ATPase. Similarly, addition... |
1374232 | Critical evaluation of a theory of molecular recognition using human insulin-like-growth-factor-I fragment 21-40 and its complementary peptide. | Using solid-phase methods we have synthesized human insulin-like-growth-factor-I (IGF-I) fragment 21-40 (IGF-I 21-40) and the peptide derived from the 5'----3' translation of the complementary nucleic acid of this peptide, 'I-FGI 20-40' (the complementary peptide). According to a recently proposed theory of molecular r... |
1575675 | Identification, molecular characterization and immunolocalization of an isoform of the trans-Golgi-network (TGN)-specific integral membrane protein TGN38. | TGN38 is an integral membrane protein previously shown to be predominantly localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) of cells by virtue of a signal contained within its cytoplasmic 'tail' [Luzio, Brake, Banting, Howell, Braghetta & Stanley (1990) Biochem. J. 270, 97-102]. We now (i) describe the isolation of cDNA clon... |
1348935 | ADPRibosylation of chicken red cell tubulin and inhibition of microtubule self-assembly in vitro by the NAD(+)-dependent avian ADPRibosyl transferase. | Chicken erythrocyte tubulin was found to undergo NAD(+)-dependent ADPribosylation in vitro in the presence of ADPRtransferase also isolated from avian red blood cells. Unlike the low level of ADPR incorporation catalyzed by Cholera and Pertussis toxins (i.e., less than 0.005 mol ADPR/mol tubulin), the avian system disp... |
1567382 | Isolation and characterization of the cytochrome domain of flavocytochrome b2 expressed independently in Escherichia coli. | The cytochrome domain of flavocytochrome b2 (L-lactate dehydrogenase) was expressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli and a purification procedure was developed. When expressed in E. coli, the b2-cytochrome domain contains protohaem IX and has an electronic absorption spectrum identical with that of the cytochrome b2 '... |
1567365 | Animal ferritin and bacterioferritin contain quinones. | The origin of the 440 nm fluorescence of horse spleen ferritin and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Azotobacter vinelandii bacterioferritin has been investigated using a Nitro Blue Tetrazolium/glycinate colorimetric test specific for quiones [Paz, Flückiger, Boak, Kagan & Gallop (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 689-692]. The re... |
1348692 | Conserved immunoglobulin-like features in a family of periplasmic pilus chaperones in bacteria. | Detailed structural analyses revealed a family of periplasmic chaperones in Gram-negative prokaryotes which are structurally and possibly evolutionarily related to the immunoglobulin superfamily and assist in the assembly of adhesive pili. The members of this family have similar structures consistent with the overall t... |
1562587 | Glycation of human serum albumin: inhibition by Diclofenac. | Glycation is a non-enzymatic modification of proteins by sugars, probably responsible for the initiation of complications in diabetes patients and aging individuals. Our in vitro experiments show an inhibition of sugar attachment in the presence of Diclofenac. The levels of advanced glycation products, measured as spec... |
1532884 | Epidermal growth factor receptors in idiopathic and virally induced skin diseases. | The altered distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) in hyperproliferative skin lesions such as psoriasis vulgaris, seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, ichthyosis, and others implies aberrant control of growth/proliferation by epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF... |
1372981 | In vivo T-cell ablation by a holo-immunotoxin directed at human CD3. | We have evaluated the in vivo efficacy of anti-CD3-CRM9, a holo-immunotoxin constructed with a diphtheria toxin binding-site mutant. Eighty percent of established human T-cell subcutaneous tumors in nude mice completely regressed following intraperitoneal injection of immunotoxin at a dose set at half the minimum letha... |
1556087 | Characterization of an autonomously replicating region from the Streptomyces lividans chromosome. | The chromosomal replication origin of the plasmidless derivative (TK21) from Streptomyces lividans 66 has been cloned as an autonomously replicating minichromosome (pSOR1) by using the thiostrepton resistance gene as a selectable marker. pSOR1 could be recovered as a closed circular plasmid which shows high segregation... |
1556084 | Spo0A controls the sigma A-dependent activation of Bacillus subtilis sporulation-specific transcription unit spoIIE. | The spoIIE operon is a developmentally regulated transcription unit activated in the second hour of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Its promoter has an unusual structure, containing sequences which conform perfectly to the consensus for vegetative promoters recognized by sigma A-associated RNA polymerase (E sigma A),... |
1556076 | Characterization of enzymatic synthesis of sphingolipid long-chain bases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: mutant strains exhibiting long-chain-base auxotrophy are deficient in serine palmitoyltransferase activity. | We have begun a biochemical-genetic analysis of the synthesis of sphingolipid long-chain bases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found evidence for the occurrence of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and 3-ketosphinganine reductase, enzymes that catalyze the initial steps of the pathway in other organisms. SPT activity w... |
1556075 | Sphingolipid long-chain-base auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetics, physiology, and a method for their selection. | A selection method for sphingolipid long-chain-base auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was devised after observing that strains that require a long-chain base for growth become denser when starved for this substance. Genetic analysis of over 60 such strains indicated only two complementation classes, lcb1 and lcb2.... |
1554198 | Comparison of elastin peptide concentrations in body fluids from healthy volunteers, smokers, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | Proteolysis of elastic fibers is central to the development of emphysema, and a simple, noninvasive assay of elastin degradation would be useful in diagnosis and in therapeutic monitoring. We have adapted an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine plasma, urine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ... |
1313012 | Glu327 is part of a catalytic triad in rat liver fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. | The fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase has been shown to be structurally and functionally homologous to phosphoglycerate mutase. Both enzymes catalyze their reactions via phosphoenzyme intermediates which utilize an active site histidine as a nucleophilic phosphoa... |
1551844 | Analysis of a novel linkage unit of O-linked carbohydrates from the crystalline surface layer glycoprotein of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum S102-70. | The surface layer glycoprotein of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum S102-70 was shown to contain a new type of glycan chain. Different from all known eubacterial glycoproteins, the saccharide moiety consists only of six sugar residues without any repeat sequences. Proteolytic digestion of purified S-layer glycoprotein ... |
1551839 | Capsule structure of Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49565). | Proteus mirabilis 2573 (ATCC 49565) produces an acidic capsular polysaccharide which was shown from glycose analysis, carboxyl reduction, methylation, periodate oxidation, and the application of one dimensional and two-dimensional high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to be a high-molecular-weight polym... |
1551531 | Colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide nerves in inflammatory bowel disease. | Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuropeptide with potent modulatory activity on intestinal immunity and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous studies have reported abnormal morphology of vasoactive intestinal peptide-stained enteric nerves, in addition to increased, norm... |
1549120 | Dominant negative mutants of transforming growth factor-beta 1 inhibit the secretion of different transforming growth factor-beta isoforms. | Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a secreted polypeptide factor that is thought to play a major role in the regulation of proliferation of many cell types and various differentiation processes. Several related isoforms have been structurally characterized, three of which, TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3, h... |
1549105 | Mutational analysis of conserved positions potentially important for initiator tRNA function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | The conserved positions of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic initiator tRNA have been suggested to be important for the initiation of protein synthesis. However, the role of these positions is not known. We describe in this report a functional analysis of the yeast initiator methionine tRNA (tRNA(iMet)), using a novel in vivo... |
1548769 | Target cell-specific determinants of membrane fusion within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 third variable region and gp41 amino terminus. | The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells involves binding to the viral receptor (CD4) and membrane fusion events, the latter influenced by target cell factors other than CD4. The third variable (V3) region of the HIV-1 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein and the amino terminus of the ... |
27867206 | Structural Effects in the Recognition of DNA by Circular Oligonucleotides. | It was recently reported that certain pyrimidine-rich circular DNA oligomers can bind strongly and specifically to purine-rich DNA or RNA strands by forming bimolecular triple helical complexes.<sup>1-3</sup> In this study are investigated the effects of structural variations on the strength of binding for this new cla... |
21170279 | Pancreatic complications following orthotopic liver transplantation. | During fiscal year 1986, 40 out of 196 patients (21%) developed hyperamylasemia following orthotopic liver transplantation. The placement of a retropancreatic aortohepatic arterial interposition graft was associated with hyperamylasemia (p < 0.025). Eight patients (20%) developed clinically significant acute pancreatit... |
18600897 | Effect of organic solvents on enzymatic production of cyclodextrins from unliquefied corn starch in an attrition bioreactor. | Cyclodextrins were produced from unliquified corn starch in the presence of water-miscible organic solvents using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) in an attrition bioreactor. The production yield was significantly increased by isopropanol and tertiary butanol, and maximum enhancement was observed to be about 4... |
16668788 | Characterization and subcellular localization of debranching enzyme and endoamylase from leaves of sugar beet. | Sugar beet leaves (Beta vulgaris L.) contained up to five endoamylases, two exoamylases, and a single debranching enzyme. Four of the endoamylases and the debranching enzyme were present in the chloroplast. The chloroplastic starch-debranching enzyme and an apoplastic endoamylase were copurified from mature leaves of s... |
15815452 | Disseminated intravascular coagulation in neurosurgical patients: diagnosis by new laboratory methods. | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) constitutes a part of the multiple organ failure (MOF) syndrome seen with such disorders as trauma and sepsis. Early detection of increased coagulation and fibrinolytic activity is important. The dynamic changes in some markers for early detection of the activation of these ... |
1344195 | [Comparative characteristics of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases from various groups of microorganisms]. | Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGT-ase, 1.4-alpha-glucanotransferase, cyclizing, EC 2.4.1.19) produced by some thermophilic, alkalophilic and mesophilic bacterial strains, were isolated and characterized. It was shown that thermophilic and mesophilic CGT-ases represent a mixture of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodext... |
1304343 | A functional protein hybrid between the glucose transporter and the N-acetylglucosamine transporter of Escherichia coli. | The glucose and N-acetylglucosamine-specific transporters (IIGlc/IIIGlc and IIGlcNAc) of the bacterial phosphotransferase system mediate carbohydrate uptake across the cytoplasmic membrane concomitant with substrate phosphorylation. The two transporters have 40% amino acid sequence identity. Eight chimeric proteins bet... |
1486008 | Phase diagram of deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota R595. | The structural polymorphism of deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide--in many biological systems the most active endotoxin--from Salmonella minnesota strain R595 was investigated as function of temperature, water content, and Mg2+ concentration. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the amount of bound... |
1356457 | Scoring systems for predicting outcome in acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis. | Five scoring systems for predicting the severity and outcome of acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis were retrospectively evaluated in 39 patients. The respective scores were Ranson, Imrie, APACHE II, multiple organ failure (MOF) and Sepsis Sensitivity Score (SSS). Twenty-two (56%) of the patients died. The surv... |
1515464 | Convenient synthesis of bifunctional tetraaza macrocycles. | A convenient synthesis of 4-nitrobenzyl-substituted macrocyclic tetraamines and their conversion to bifunctional poly(amino carboxylate) chelating agents is described. Cyclization of (4-nitrobenzyl)-ethylenediamine with appropriate BOC-protected amino disuccinimido esters in dioxane at 90 degrees C resulted in the form... |
1386787 | Enzymatic synthesis of low molecular weight amyloses with modified terminal groups. | Low molecular weight amyloses with modified terminal groups were synthesized by cyclomaltohexaose (alpha-cyclodextrin) transfer using (1----4)-alpha-D-glucan: 4-alpha-D-(1----4)- alpha-D-glucopyranosyltransferase (cyclising) (EC 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus macerans. 4-Nitrophenyl alpha-malto-oligosaccharides d.p. 2-7 serve... |
1299220 | N.m.r. study on the formation and geometry of inclusion complexes of 6-O-(alpha-maltosyl)cyclomalto-hexaose and -heptaose with p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution. | The formation and molecular geometry of inclusion complexes of some branched cyclomaltaoses with p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution have been investigated by using high-resolution 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. 6-O-(alpha-Maltosyl)cyclomalto-hexaose and -heptaose were found to form 1:1 inclusion complexes with p-nitrophenol, a... |
1610615 | Operational aspects of antibody affinity constants measured by liquid-phase and solid-phase assays. | The association constant of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to tobacco mosaic virus has been determined in solution and solid-phase binding assays. The ELISA equilibrium titration method developed by Friguet et al. (1985) was found to be suitable for large antigens such as viruses. In the case of intact IgG antibody, it g... |
1377001 | Lymphoblastoid cell adhesion mediated by a dimeric and polymeric endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectin (galaptin). | Glutaraldehyde-polymerized human splenic galaptin, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, was demonstrated to have enhanced hemagglutinating and asialofetuin binding activity relative to native dimeric galaptin when these lectins were present in solution. The polymerized lectin consisted primarily of 2-, 4- and 12-membered... |
1608040 | [On the drug molecular states dispersed in cyclodextrin matrices]. | Molecular states of drug molecules in cyclodextrin solid dispersion systems have been studied. The possibility of inclusion compound formation was investigated between drug and cyclodextrin molecules by grinding, sealed heating and freeze drying. Solid state fluorescent spectroscopic measurements were made on the groun... |
1596797 | [Clinical study of the pathogeneses of multiple organ failure after burns]. | 51 burned patients with TBSA over 30% were studied prospectively. MOF developed in 17 of them. Postburn MOF occurred mainly in those with TBSA over 70%. Mortality of MOF was directly proportional to the number of organs involved. The incidence of pulmonary failure was the highest, and the highest mortality was attribut... |
1596785 | [Experimental study on early multiple organ failure after severe burns]. | Forty-three male mongrel dogs (12.5 +/- 2.5 kg) were divided into normal control (n = 7), immediate infusion (n = 8), non-infusion (n = 13) and delayed infusion (n = 15) groups. A 50% TBSA third degree surface burn was produced by igniting 3% napalm for 30 seconds on the shaved back. Cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, renal ... |
1596784 | [Multiple organ failure after severe burns]. | 36 cases with multiple organ failure (MOF) in a group of 178 severe burn injury patients during 1969-1989 were observed in our department. The rate of occurrence of MOF in this group was 20.2% (36/178). 25 cases out of these 36 patients died, and the mortality rate was 69.5% (25/36). In 10 cases 2 organs were involved,... |
1350675 | Kinetic identification of a hydrogen bonding pair in the glucoamylase-maltose transition state complex. | Molecular recognition and site-directed mutagenesis are used in combination to identify kinetically, transition state interactions between glucoamylase (GA) and the substrate maltose. Earlier studies of mutant Glu180----Gln GA had indicated a role in substrate binding for Glu180 (Sierks, M.R., Ford, C., Reilly, P.J. an... |
1580556 | Differential inhibition of a cell surface protease on normal and tumour cells. | This report is concerned with a cell surface protease which may be important for cell migration. We investigated the molecular recognition of this protease on pancreatic carcinoma cells by proteins (a) extractable from the cells of normal pancreas, and (b) present in normal serum. We then compared these data with resul... |
1579106 | DNA looping. | DNA-looping mechanisms are part of networks that regulate all aspects of DNA metabolism, including transcription, replication, and recombination. DNA looping is involved in regulation of transcriptional initiation in prokaryotic operons, including ara, gal, lac, and deo, and in phage systems. Similarly, in eukaryotic o... |
1315922 | Cyclic AMP in prokaryotes. | Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is found in a variety of prokaryotes including both eubacteria and archaebacteria. cAMP plays a role in regulating gene expression, not only for the classic inducible catabolic operons, but also for other categories. In the enteric coliforms, the effects of cAMP on gene expression are mediated through... |
1578295 | Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements on cell surfaces. A spectroscopic tool for determining protein interactions. | The interaction of cell surface components may influence several events during the process of transmembrane signalling. Receptor clustering, conformational changes and altered molecular interactions often play essential roles in the final outcome of ligand receptor interactions. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (... |
1572456 | Lower limb ischaemia and reperfusion alters gut permeability. | The gut may be important in the aetiology of multiple organ failure (MOF) by amplifying of the inflammatory response to trauma. We investigated the effects of the reperfusion of ischaemic lower limbs on gut permeability. Male Wistar rats (n = 30) were randomised to (group 1) controls; (group 2) 3 h bilateral hind-limb ... |
1569391 | Bile acid and sterol solubilization in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The use of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin has made it possible to prepare stable aqueous solutions of cholesterol, 26-hydroxycholesterol, 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, and monohydroxy bile acids such as lithocholic and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acids. These solutions are suitable for cell culture studies and for pare... |
1561084 | Mitochondrially-imported cytoplasmic tRNA(Lys)(CUU) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: in vivo and in vitro targetting systems. | The cytoplasmic tRNA(Lys)(CUU) (tRNA(1Lys)) is the single yeast tRNA species to be traffiked from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial compartment of the cell. To study mechanisms of this targetting we worked out two test systems. The in vivo system based on the electroporation of intact yeast cells was used to introdu... |
1372903 | Epitope mapping of anti-recA protein IgGs by region specified polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis. | Monoclonal IgGs were shown to be useful for the specific inhibition of a set of activities of the recA protein, a key protein in homologous genetic recombination. The mapping of the epitopes for these IgGs and site-directed mutagenesis based on the mapping will facilitate location of the functionally active sites on th... |
1554370 | Haem binding to horse spleen ferritin and its effect on the rate of iron release. | Horse spleen ferritin is shown to bind haem to generate a haemoprotein, named herein haemoferritin. A total of 14-16 haem molecules are bound per 24 subunits of ferritin. The molecular mass of the non-haem-iron-free haemoferritin has been determined to be 420 +/- 40 kDa, indicating that haem binding does not lead to di... |
1554360 | Design and recognition properties of a hydropathically complementary peptide to human interleukin 1 beta. | A computer-designed hydropathically complementary peptide to human interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta) precursor sequence 204-215 recognized the 204-215 peptide as well the entire IL1 beta protein with binding affinities in the micromolar range. Interaction between the complementary pair was characterized by analytical high-... |
1554356 | D-alanine: D-alanine ligase of Escherichia coli. Expression, purification and inhibitory studies on the cloned enzyme. | A 1.2 kb BamHI fragment from pDK30 [Robinson, Kenan, Sweeney & Donachie (1986) J. Bacteriol. 167, 809-817] was cloned in pDOC55 [O'Connor & Timmis (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 4457-4482] to give two constructs, pDOC89 and pDOC87, in which the Escherichia coli D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.4) gene (ddl) was placed u... |
1551451 | A compendium of reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology published in the first half of 1991. | 1. A compendium of reviews and minireviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology published in the first half of 1991 is presented. In all there are 380 titles from 81 different publications. The compendium includes the main keywords associated with each review; over 2500 different keywords are used. |
1532330 | Molecular recognition and processing of periodic signals in cells: study of activation of membrane ATPases by alternating electric fields. | A molecule which is immobilized, oriented or tumbling more slowly than the frequency of a periodic field, may interact with the field to produce chemical effects that are uncommon in a homogeneous solution. Among these effects are the alteration of the rate of a chemical reaction and the exchange of energy between the ... |
1550566 | Mutual assistance of hydrogen-bond pairing and aromatic stacking interactions for molecular recognition: spectroscopic study on the interaction of guanine base with cytosine and tryptophan molecules. | Fluorescence and 1H-NMR spectroscopic experiments on the interaction of guanine base with cytosine base and Trp indole ring using the model compounds have shown the first clear-cut evidence that both of the hydrogen-bond pairing and aromatic stacking interactions, which are recognized as important forces for the strict... |
1549576 | The interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R): the IL-2R alpha subunit alters the function of the IL-2R beta subunit to enhance IL-2 binding and signaling by mechanisms that do not require binding of IL-2 to IL-2R alpha subunit. | Interleukin 2 (IL-2)-mediated signaling through its high-affinity receptor involves a complex interrelationship between IL-2 and two IL-2-binding chains, IL-2R alpha and beta chains. Previously with the reagents available it was difficult to define functional interactions between these two IL-2R subunits involved in IL... |
1549510 | Evidence for cross-linking DNA by bis-intercalators with rigid and extended linkers is provided by knotting and catenation. | A new series of DNA bis-intercalators is reported in which acridine moieties are connected by rigid and extended pyridine-based linkers of varied length. Cross-linking of DNA by bis-intercalation is inferred from the unwinding and folding of linear DNA induced by the compounds; after ligation and removal of the bis-int... |
1548234 | Expression, secretion, and processing of staphylococcal nuclease by Corynebacterium glutamicum. | The gene for staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), an extracellular enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus, was introduced into Corynebacterium glutamicum. The heterologous gene was expressed in this host organism, and SNase was efficiently exported to the culture medium. Amino-terminal sequencing of SNase secreted by C. glutamicu... |
1548228 | Isolation and comparison of the paracrystalline surface layer proteins of freshwater caulobacters. | Several methods for isolation of the paracrystalline surface (S) layer protein (RsaA) of Caulobacter crescentus CB15A were evaluated. Treatment of cells with HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 2 was the most effective means of selectively removing RsaA from cells, and after neutral... |
1547780 | Activation of distant replication origins in vivo by DNA looping as revealed by a novel mutant form of an initiator protein defective in cooperativity at a distance. | We have isolated mutants of the pi initiator protein of the plasmid R6K that are defective in DNA looping in vitro but retain their normal DNA binding affinity for the primary binding sites (iterons) at the gamma origin/enhancer. One such looping defective mutant called R6 was determined to be a proline to leucine chan... |
1368771 | Construction of an Escherichia coli export-affinity vector for expression and purification of foreign proteins by fusion to cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. | A novel export-affinity fusion vector employing the gene encoding cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; cgt) from Bacillus circulans var. alkalophilus (ATCC 21783) is described. CGTase binds to various sugar polymers, which makes it simple to purify it to near homogeneity in a single step. The CGTase fusion pro... |
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