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24248564 | Enantiomeric composition of grandisol and grandisal produced byPissodes strobi andP. nemorensis and their electroantennogram response to pure enantiomers. | Grandisol (cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol) and its corresponding aldehyde, grandisal, were previously isolated and identified as aggregation pheromone components forPissodes strobi (Peck) andP. nemorensis Germar, but the enantiomeric ratios produced by these insects were not previously determined. We isol... |
7825351 | Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. | The multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), though newly described, has manifested itself in intensive care unit (ICU) patients for several decades. As the name implies, it is a syndrome in which more than one organ system fails. Failure of these multiple organ systems may or may not be related to the initial injur... |
8060671 | Endo beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F cleavage specificity with peptide free oligosaccharides. | Endo beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were determined based on conversion of oligosaccharides containing two N-acetylglucosamines to the oligosaccharides with a single N-acetylglucosamine at the reducing terminal and following their separation on a carbohydrate analyzer. The oligosaccharides eluted from the high... |
8060670 | A novel computational tool for automated structure-based drug design. | The computer program LUDI for automated structure-based drug design is described. The program constructs possible new ligands for a given protein of known three-dimensional structure. This novel approach is based upon rules about energetically favourable non-bonded contact geometries between functional groups of the pr... |
8060669 | The binding of phosphorylase kinase to immobilized calmodulin. | The binding of phosphorylase kinase to calmodulin-Sepharose 4B was studied by column and batch methods. It was found that the Ca2+ dependence of the interaction strongly depended on the degree of substitution of agarose with calmodulin. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms (i.e., bulk ligand binding functions and lattice s... |
8060668 | PLIM: a protein-ligand interaction modeller. | A computer program is presented that models the binding of selected chemical groups to a protein surface. The groups are successively incorporated at energetically favourable positions to build up a pharmacophore pattern that may be used as the basis for a database search for possible ligands. The ability to predict kn... |
8060667 | Strong immunogenicity of a multicomponent peptide vaccine developed with the branched lysine oligopeptide method for human immunodeficiency virus infection. | We synthesized one V3 peptide each from HTLV-IIIB, Thai A and Thai B, conjugating them to the T cell epitope of the env region, and we also synthesized a p17 protein peptide of the gag region (HGP-30). These peptides were then coupled to 8-lysine copolymers using N-succinimidyl maleimido carboxylate (M(r) = ca 60,000).... |
8160305 | [Transport of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine by macroheterocycles across erythrocyte membranes]. | Transport of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine across human erythrocytes by the 18-crown-6, monoaza-15-crown-5 and diaza-18-crown-6 is studied and evaluated spectrophotometrically. It is shown that crown-ethers at low concentration (1-2 mM) protect erythrocytes against their natural homolysis. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamp... |
8156158 | Synaptonemal complex karyotyping: an appraisal based on a study of Crepis capillaris. | A synaptonemal complex (SC) karyotype for Crepis capillaris, based on SC measurements from 92 surface-spread pachytene nuclei, was compared with the mitotic karyotype of this species in order to evaluate the specific and general validity of SC karyotyping and to assess its potential for high resolution physical mapping... |
8156157 | Computer-aided automatic identification of rice chromosomes by image parameters. | An automatic, computer-aided method for identification of rice chromosomes was developed based on image parameters obtained by image analysis. Numerical data of the 360 condensation patterns (CPs) or the density profiles of rice chromosomes obtained from 30 chromosomal spreads of haploid rice were subjected to three di... |
8156156 | Synaptonemal polycomplexes in spermatids: a characteristic trait of Orthoptera? | Spermatogenesis was analysed in a cricket, Eneoptera surinamensis (Gryllidae, Orthoptera), using ultrathin serial sections and transmission electron microscopy. Special attention was placed on documentation of the development and structure of synaptonemal polycomplexes (PCs) within spermatid nuclei. Pachytene spermatoc... |
7908839 | Assignment of the linkage group EAM-TYRP2-TPP2 to chromosome 11 in pigs by in situ hybridization mapping of the TPP2 gene. | Restriction fragment length polymorphisms are described for the genes coding for tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2) and tyrosinase related protein II (TYRP2) in pigs. A linkage group comprising these loci and the locus for blood group M (EAM) was established by two-point lod score analysis in a three-generation pedigree. ... |
8156155 | Localization of tandemly repeated DNA sequences in beetle chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization. | In situ hybridization to chromosomes and nuclei of Tenebrio molitor shows the massive presence of a species-specific satellite DNA in all chromosomes and six sites of rDNA in mitotic chromosomes. These sites are located in two autosomal pairs and in the X and Y chromosomes. In a related species, Misolampus goudoti, in ... |
8156154 | Avian sex chromosomes in the lampbrush form: the ZW lampbrush bivalents from six species of bird. | The ZW bivalent has been identified and characterized in detail in its lampbrush form in oocytes of chicken, quail, turkey, pigeon, chaffinch and sparrow. The sex bivalent in all six species looks like a single highly asymmetrical chromosome. Most of it has the typical lampbrush organization. The terminal one-fifth is ... |
8156153 | Synaptic patterns of rye B chromosomes. I: The standard type. | Chromosome pairing of standard B chromosomes (Bs) in rye has been studied by synaptonemal complex surface spreading of pollen mother cells containing from one to eight Bs. The main characteristics exhibited by the Bs are: (i) They are often located peripherally in surface spread nuclei and do not show presynaptic align... |
8134162 | Deficient priming activity of newborn cord blood-derived polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggered with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. | Newborn infants are more susceptible to bacterial infections than adults. This susceptibility has been attributed to defects in humoral and cellular activity. Host cellular activity can be modified by factors produced by bacteria or the host in response to infection. We assessed the effect of two factors associated wit... |
8130038 | High-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope imaging of internal cell structures after Epon extraction from sections: a new approach to correlative ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies. | The availability of high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM) and the recent development of a less destructive method for extracting Epon from sections motivated us to investigate these techniques for the study of internal cell structures. We chose the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and insect st... |
8120792 | Effect of dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin on nitrazepam stability. | Nitrazepam was found to form an inclusion complex with heptakis; 2,6 di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD) in solution. The phase solubility diagram was found to be AL type with no precipitation of the inclusion complex formed. The kinetic studies of nitrazepam hydrolysis in DM-beta-CD solution at 30, 40 and 50 de... |
8120790 | Beta-cyclodextrin as a direct compression excipient compared to conventional ones. | Beta-Cyclodextrin was evaluated as a direct compression excipient and compared to conventional excipients. The measured physical properties included particle size and particle size distribution, flowability, bulk density, and hygroscopicity. Compression characteristics were evaluated by measuring compactibility, compre... |
8313197 | [Relation between some cytokines and the severely postburn internal organ injury]. | Biological methods were employed to detect postburn changes of serum TNF activity and in vitro IL-1 production of blood monocytes in 24 severely burnt patients. The internal organ function represented by myocardial and hepatic enzymes and some indexes of systemic metabolism were simultaneously determined. The results s... |
8312801 | [The anti-ischemic properties of crown ether derivatives]. | Experiments on open-chest anaesthetized cats were made to test derivatives of crown ethers, such as benzylase-15-crown-5 and dibenzylase-15-crown-5 for their effects on myocardial ischemia and the functional status of a myocardial ischemic focus in temporary coronary occlusion during coronary spasm induced by dihydroer... |
8292275 | Preliminary study on aluminum content of foods and aluminum intake of residents in Tianjin. | Aluminum contents of 64 kinds mof foods in Tianjin were determined. The results showed that the aluminum levels in different kinds of foods varied greatly, and most foodstuffs from natural sources (including contamination from food processing) contained less than 10 mg/kg. Aluminum contents were higher in foodstuffs of... |
8288210 | [Analysis on postoperative prognosis in relation to blood ketone body ratios in surgical patients with liver disease]. | Eighty-one patients with liver disease were studied for the postoperative changes in the arterial blood ketone body ratio (KBR) and routine liver function tests. The postoperative patients were classified into three groups-according to the postoperative changes in KBR. In the 54 patients of group A, KBR did not decreas... |
8274523 | Polyamidoamine cascade polymers mediate efficient transfection of cells in culture. | Cascade polymers also known as Starburst dendrimers are spheroidal polycations that can be synthesized with a well-defined diameter and a precise number of terminal amines per dendrimer. We show, using luciferase and beta-galactosidase containing plasmids, that dendrimers mediate high efficiency transfection of a varie... |
8274522 | Preparation of hybrid "DNA cleaver-oligonucleotide" molecules based on a metallotris(methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin motif. | Methods are reported for conjugating a cationic tris(methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin-manganese(III) complex to oligonucleotides. The DNA cleaver motif used in the present work is related to Mn-TMPyP, a highly efficient artificial endonuclease able to hydroxylate C-H bonds of DNA sugars at nanomolar concentrations. A gener... |
8262868 | Effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on efficacy of oral itraconazole in disseminated murine cryptococcosis. | The therapeutic efficacy of itraconazole solubilized in either the commonly used vehicle, polyethylene-glycol-200 (PEG) or hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin was compared in a murine model of disseminated cryptococcosis. Itraconazole at doses of up to 120 mg/kg/day solubilized in PEG were found not to be effective. Howeve... |
8259607 | [Translocation and multiple organ failure]. | A review of bacterial translocation and multiple organ failure (MOF) is presented. Splanchnic ischaemia plays a central role in the development of MOF, but the exact mechanism of translocation is unclear. The concentration of endotoxins and bacteria in the gut is high. The critically ill patient is often treated with a... |
8257791 | The beta 4 subunit cytoplasmic domain mediates the interaction of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin with the cytoskeleton of hemidesmosomes. | The alpha 6 beta 4 integrin is structurally distinct from all the other known integrins because the cytoplasmic domain of beta 4 is unusually large and contains four type III fibronectin-like modules toward its C-terminus. To examine the function of the beta 4 cytoplasmic tail, we have expressed full-length and truncat... |
8249613 | Conditions of cyclodextrin complexation. | In the past 20 years, cyclodextrin (CD) research has achieved considerable results, as indicated by the large number of publications and patents, the six international symposia on CDs, the new dosage forms of medicines prepared with CDs, etc. Sufficient data have accumulated to permit a survey of the most important con... |
8246817 | Dynamic changes in stress fiber expression in rat uterine vein endothelial cells associated with pregnancy. | En face endothelial preparations of rat uterine vein were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to investigate the dynamics of stress fiber expression during pregnancy. In prepregnant animals, somewhat plump, spindle-like endothelial cells of the uterine vein had only a few short stress fibers. With the progress of pregnan... |
8244771 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity in the mouse adrenal gland. | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity was revealed by immunocytochemistry in the mouse adrenal gland at the light and electron microscopic levels. Groups of weakly or faintly GABA immunoreactive chromaffin cells were often seen in the adrenal medulla. By means of immunohistochemistry combined with fluorescent... |
8242357 | Abnormal distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampal formation of the dreher mutant mouse. | The distribution of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) in the hippocampal formation of the dreher mutant mouse was studied by comparing homozygous mutant (drsst-J/drsst-J) with littermate control (+/? or +/+). In the control mice, AChE activity was most intense in the inner one-third of the stratum oriens and lacnosum of the h... |
8241394 | Crowding-induced organization of cytoskeletal elements: I. Spontaneous demixing of cytosolic proteins and model filaments to form filament bundles. | The theory for the effects of crowding on the behavior of reversibly self-assembling solutes is extended to mixtures containing nonassembling solutes. The theory predicts that excluded volume will cause dramatic demixing into domains of long, tightly packed, highly aligned fibers coexisting with an isotropic solution o... |
8241311 | [The effect of human and rat erythrocyte volume on the structure of hemoglobin protoporphyrin]. | Changes of erythrocyte hematoporphyrin at different cell volumes were investigated using resonance Raman spectroscopy. Correlation between changes of the position and intensity ratio of 1260 cm-1 bands RRS spectrum and cell volume was observed. Changes of this kind suggest that electronic density redistribution occurs ... |
7902128 | Non-covalent complexes of HIV gp120 with CD4 and/or mAbs enhance activation of gp120-specific T clones and provide intermolecular help for anti-CD4 antibody production. | The 'dangerous liaison' between CD4 and gp120 that offers the first entry opportunity to HIV may also provoke perturbations of the immune control of the host with far-reaching immunopathological consequences. We wondered whether a mechanism of intermolecular help (T help across the gap of a non-covalent bond, in contra... |
8233785 | Relative specificities in binding of Watson-Crick base pairs by third strand residues in a DNA pyrimidine triplex motif. | The specificity of binding of Watson-Crick base pairs by third strand nucleic acid residues via triple helix formation was investigated in a DNA pyrimidine triplex motif by thermal melting experiments. The host duplex was of the type A10-X-A10: T10-Y-T10, and the third strand T10-Z-T10, giving rise to 16 possible tripl... |
8231661 | Effect of some potassium selective crown ethers on the permeability and structure of a phospholipid membrane. | The effect of some new crown ethers on the cation efflux and phase transition parameters of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied. The effects were correlated with the lipophilicity of the crown ethers. The results indicate that the presence of two crown ring structures in one crown either molecule is a... |
8227178 | Multitude of inverted repeats characterizes a class of anchorage sites of chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix. | In order to understand the nature of DNA sequences that organize chromatin into domains or loops, we have cloned the nuclear matrix DNA (1.7% of the total DNA) from human myelogenous leukemia cells in culture. Nuclear matrix is formed by interactions between specific stretches of DNA of about 0.1 to 5.0 kb with protein... |
8221734 | Crystal structure of 6-O-[(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]cyclomaltoheptaose and 6-O-[(S)-2-hydroxypropyl]cyclomaltoheptaose. | Crystal structures of 6-O-[(R)-2-hydroxypropyl]- and 6-O-[(S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-cyclomaltoheptaose were determined by X-ray analysis. In both structures, the 2-hydroxypropyl group is inserted into the macrocyclic cavity of the next molecule related by the two-fold screw axis, and a helically extended polymeric structure... |
8220885 | Pharmacological characterization of the novel nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, BIBR 277. | 1. The pharmacological profile of BIBR 277, 4'-[(1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl[2,6'-bi-1H-benzimidazol]-1'-yl)methyl ]- [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, a novel, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist has been investigated by use of receptor binding studies, enzymatic assays, functional in vitro assays in rabbit aor... |
8219412 | Immunocompetence in the long sleep and short sleep mouse lines: baseline versus primed responses. | Two lines of mice which were selectively bred for high (Long Sleep; LS) and low (Short Sleep; SS) reactivities to a sedative dose of ethanol, are also differentiated by agents that act at the GABAA-receptor complex. Since this supramolecular complex may also modulate immune function, measures of immunity have been exam... |
8218528 | Separation of 13-cis and all-trans retinoic acid and their photodegradation products using capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEC). | Two retinoic acid isomers; 13-cis retinoic acid and all-trans retinoic acid and their photodegradation products were resolved with capillary electrophoresis (CE) (UV detector, 345 nm) using three different mobile phases: method 1--an acetonitrile modified borate buffer (pH 8.5); method 2--borate buffer (pH 8.5) modifie... |
8218522 | Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of warfarin enantiomers in human plasma. | An HPLC method for the quantitation of warfarin enantiomers in human plasma has been developed and validated. Baseline separation of S- and R-warfarin was achieved on a silica-bonded beta-cyclodextrin column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-acetic acid-triethylamine (1000:3:2.5, v/v/v). The detection was performed a... |
8214053 | Immunolocalization of GLUT-1 glucose transporter in rat skeletal muscle and in normal and hypoxic cardiac tissue. | We compared the expression and cell-type localization of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein between cardiac and skeletal muscle of normal rats. Also, since we recently showed that cardiac GLUT-1 is upregulated in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, we examined the cellular localization of GLUT-1 in cardiac tissue of normal and hyp... |
8414980 | Organization, inducible-expression and chromosome localization of the human HMG-I(Y) nonhistone protein gene. | Members of the HMG-I(Y) family of mammalian nonhistone proteins are of importance because they have been demonstrated to bind specifically to the minor groove of A.T-rich sequences both in vitro and in vivo and to function as gene transcriptional regulatory proteins in vivo. Here we report the cloning, sequencing, char... |
8410039 | Motor conduction block and high titres of anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies: pathological evidence of a motor neuropathy in a patient with lower motor neuron syndrome. | A patient with a progressive lower motor neuron syndrome and neurophysiological evidence of motor axon loss, multifocal proximal motor nerve conduction block, and high titres of anti-ganglioside GM1 antibodies. Neuropathological findings included a predominantly proximal motor radiculoneuropathy with multifocal IgG and... |
8400029 | Molecular recognition of Watson-Crick base-pair reversals in triple-helix formation: use of nonnatural oligonucleotide bases. | We report the calculated characteristics of nonnatural triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) bases recognizing base-pair reversals (TA-->AT) in a double-helical DNA sequence. Ab initio and molecular mechanics calculations have been carried out to characterize the geometric and energetic consequences at the base-pair re... |
8399162 | Multinuclear and magic-angle spinning NMR investigations of molecular organization in phospholipid-triglyceride aqueous dispersions. | The supramolecular organization of multi-bilayers formed by aqueous egg phosphatidylcholine-triolein (PC-TO) mixtures has been investigated using 31P, 13C, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). For these emulsions, which mimic substrates in the early hydrolytic stages of fat digestion, the NMR spectra obtained with ... |
8397513 | Characterization of the structure and redox behaviour of cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio baculatus by 1H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. | Complete assignment of the aromatic and haem proton resonances in the cytochromes c3 isolated from Desulfovibrio baculatus strains (Norway 4, DSM 1741) and (DSM 1743) was achieved using one- and two-dimensional 1H n.m.r. Nuclear Overhauser enhancements observed between haem and aromatic resonances and between resonance... |
8379938 | Is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate an affinity label for phosphate-binding sites in proteins?: The case of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase. | The effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PalP) on ox liver glutamate dehydrogenase (94% inactivation by 1.8 mM reagent at pH 7 and 25 degrees C) have been compared with those of three analogues, 5'-deoxypyridoxal (96% inactivation), pyridoxal 5'-sulphate (97%) and pyridoxal 5-methylsulphonate (94%), in order to establish... |
8379924 | Endopeptidase 3.4.24.11 converts N-1-(R,S)carboxy-3-phenylpropyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-carboxyanilide into a potent inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. | It was reported recently that N-1-(R,S)carboxy-3-phenylpropyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-carboxyanilide (CPP-A-A-F-pAB), an inhibitor of endopeptidase 3.4.24.15 (E-24.15), also inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) from rabbit lung. We have found that this compound is without effect on ACE purified from pig kidney, at a conc... |
8378933 | Structural influences on pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced cytopathology. | Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are common constituents of hundreds of plant species around the world, have been reported to have cytotoxic, carcinogenic, antineoplastic, and genotoxic activity in vivo and in vitro. The exact mechanism of these biological toxicities is not yet clear. The ability of eight PA congen... |
8104339 | Decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV during oriC and pBR322 DNA replication in vitro. | Topoisomerase IV (Topo IV), encoded by parC and parE, is required for partition of the daughter chromosomes in Escherichia coli. This enzyme is likely responsible for decatenating the linked daughter chromosomes after replication. In this report, we have examined the action of Topo IV in both pBR322 and oriC DNA replic... |
8378327 | Expression of 300-kilodalton intermediate filament-associated protein distinguishes human glioma cells from normal astrocytes. | The availability of biochemical markers to distinguish glioma cells from normal astrocytes would have enormous diagnostic value. Such markers also may be of value in studying the basic biology of human astrocytomas. The vimentin-binding, 300-kDa intermediate filament (IF)-associated protein (IFAP-300kDa) has recently b... |
8378326 | Cysteine-102 is positioned in the metal binding activation site of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae regulatory element DtxR. | DNA sequence analysis of dtxR has shown that the M(r) 25,316 regulatory protein contains a single cysteine residue at position 102. DtxR readily forms inactive disulfide-linked dimers. We have used saturation site-directed mutagenesis of the cysteine codon (TGC) at position 102 in order to determine the role of this re... |
8378325 | Molecular cloning of an allene oxide synthase: a cytochrome P450 specialized for the metabolism of fatty acid hydroperoxides. | Allene oxide synthases convert lipoxygenase-derived fatty acid hydroperoxides to unstable allene epoxides. In plants, an allene oxide is a precursor of the growth regulator jasmonic acid. Previously, we showed that an allene oxide synthase from flaxseed has the spectral properties of a cytochrome P450. The relationship... |
8376466 | Neurofilaments are obligate heteropolymers in vivo. | Neurofilaments (NFs), composed of three distinct subunits NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H, are neuron-specific intermediate filaments present in most mature neurons. Using DNA transfection and mice expressing NF transgenes, we find that despite the ability of NF-L alone to assemble into short filaments in vitro NF-L cannot form f... |
8376465 | Assembly of type IV neuronal intermediate filaments in nonneuronal cells in the absence of preexisting cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. | We report here on the in vivo assembly of alpha-internexin, a type IV neuronal intermediate filament protein, in transfected cultured cells, comparing its assembly properties with those of the neurofilament triplet proteins (NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H). Like the neurofilament triplet proteins, alpha-internexin coassembles wi... |
8376412 | Phosphorylation and reaction intermediates of the prokaryotic Ca(2+)-ATPase. | A P-type Ca(2+)-ATPase activity has been identified previously in membranes of the Gram-negative bacteria Flavobacterium odoratum. The reaction mechanism of the prokaryotic Ca(2+)-ATPase was examined by isolation of reaction cycle intermediates formed during reversal of the normal cycle using inorganic P(i). The eukary... |
8376357 | 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin enhances phorbol ester effects on glucose transport and/or protein kinase C-beta translocation to the plasma membrane in rat adipocytes and soleus muscles. | In rat adipocytes and soleus muscles, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD) was found to have a relatively small or no effect on basal or insulin-stimulated hexose uptake, but markedly enhanced hexose uptake effects of phorbol esters and/or diacylglycerol. In rat adipocytes, the CD-induced enhancement of hexose uptake... |
8376348 | Cloning and expression of a member of a new cytochrome P-450 family: cytochrome P-450lin (CYP111) from Pseudomonas incognita. | Cytochrome P-450lin catalyzes the 8-methyl hydroxylation of linalool as the first committed step of its utilization by Pseudomonas incognita as the sole carbon source. By using a polymerase chain reaction-based cloning strategy, a 2.1-kb DNA fragment containing the cytochrome P-450lin gene (linC) was isolated. An open ... |
8376344 | Minimal essential origin of plasmid pSC101 replication: requirement of a region downstream of iterons. | The minimal replication origin (ori) of the plasmid pSC101 was defined as an about 220-bp region under the condition that the Rep (or RepA) protein, a plasmid-encoded initiator protein, was supplied in trans. The DnaA box is located at one end of ori, as in other plasmids, like mini-F and P1. The other border is a stro... |
8376330 | Regulation of the pcaIJ genes for aromatic acid degradation in Pseudomonas putida. | Six of the genes encoding enzymes of the beta-ketoadipate pathway for benzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation in Pseudomonas putida are organized into at least three separate transcriptional units. As an initial step to defining this pca regulon at the molecular level, lacZ fusions were made with the pcaI and pcaJ g... |
8376323 | Characterization of the cellulose-binding domain of the Clostridium cellulovorans cellulose-binding protein A. | Cellulose-binding protein A (CbpA), a component of the cellulase complex of Clostridium cellulovorans, contains a unique sequence which has been demonstrated to be a cellulose-binding domain (CBD). The DNA coding for this putative CBD was subcloned into pET-8c, an Escherichia coli expression vector. The protein produce... |
8375092 | Molecular nanotechnology. | Molecular nanotechnology involves the ability to manufacture objects to precise atomic specifications. A central postulate is that any structure that can be specified and that does not violate physical law can be built. Three pathways to molecular nanotechnology are proximate probe technology (the use of improvements o... |
8396977 | Substitution of a haem-iron axial ligand in flavocytochrome b2. | The importance of haem-iron axial coordination in flavocytochrome b2 (L-lactate: cytochrome-c oxidoreductase) has been examined by replacing one of the ligating histidines, His-43, with methionine. The His-43-->Met mutation (H43M) results in a distinct colour change from red in the wild-type enzyme to green in the muta... |
8396968 | Simultaneous binding of phosphate and TNP-ADP to FITC-modified NA+,K(+)-ATPase. | Double-reciprocal plots of the rate of ATP hydrolysis by Na+,K(+)-ATPase versus ATP concentration are not linear, and may reflect either two distinct binding sites for ATP or a single ATP binding site whose affinity for the nucleotide alternates between high-affinity and low-affinity states. In order to determine wheth... |
8373367 | Purification and separation of holo- and apo-forms of Saccharopolyspora erythraea acyl-carrier protein released from recombinant Escherichia coli by freezing and thawing. | Saccharopolyspora erythraea acyl-carrier protein, highly expressed from a T7-based expression plasmid in Escherichia coli, can be selectively released from the cells in near-quantitative yield by a single cycle of freezing and thawing in a neutral buffer. Electrospray mass spectrometry was used to confirm that the reco... |
8371291 | Scoring systems and blood lactate concentrations in relation to the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure in severely traumatized patients. | In 56 patients with multiple trauma with ISSs > or = 33 we prospectively collected data of seven scoring systems (ISS, TS, TRISS, GCS, PTS, APACHE II, SSS) and sequentially determined blood lactate concentrations. These data were analyzed in relation to the patients later developing adult respiratory distress syndrome ... |
8369303 | Covalent bond changes as a driving force in enzyme catalysis. | A procedure is developed for assessing covalent and noncovalent aspects of the acylation of alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-Ct) by the substrate trifluoroethyl furoate (S) to form furoyl-chymotrypsin (F-Ct) and trifluoroethanol (P1). The free energy change (-4.31 kcal/mol) for the acylation at pH 7, alpha-Ct+S <--> F-Ct+P1, ... |
8367463 | Isoproterenol stimulates rapid extrusion of sodium from isolated smooth muscle cells. | beta-Agonists cause an inhibition of contractility and a transient stimulation of Na+/K+ pumping in smooth muscle cells of the stomach from the toad Bufo marinus. To determine if the stimulation of Na+/K+ pumping causes changes in intracellular [Na+] ([Na+]i) that might link Na+ pump stimulation to decrease Ca2+ availa... |
8367461 | Molecular basis for the inhibition of human alpha-thrombin by the macrocyclic peptide cyclotheonamide A. | The macrocyclic peptide cyclotheonamide A (CtA), isolated from the marine sponge Theonella sp., represents an unusual class of serine protease inhibitor. A complex of this inhibitor with human alpha-thrombin, a protease central to the bioregulation of thrombosis and hemostasis, was studied by x-ray crystallography. Thi... |
8367454 | Secretion of a single-gene-encoded immunoglobulin from myeloma cells. | We describe construction of a single gene encoding a single-chain immunoglobulin-like molecule. This single-gene approach circumvents inefficiencies inherent in delivering two genes into a mammalian cell and in the assembly of a functional immunoglobulin molecule. It would also facilitate ex vivo transfection of cells ... |
8366031 | Enhancer-like activity of A1gR1-binding site in alginate gene activation: positional, orientational, and sequence specificity. | Significant activation of promoters of alginate genes such as algD or algC occurs in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa during its proliferation in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. These promoters have been shown to be responsive to environmental signals such as high osmolarity. The signaling is mediated by a so-calle... |
8366029 | Genetic analysis of microcin H47 antibiotic system. | The microcin H47 genetic determinants span a DNA region of ca. 10 kb and represent the first description of an enterobacterial antibiotic system located in the chromosome of the producing strain. Transcriptional and translational fusions to lacZ showed a complex transcriptional organization of the microcin H47 system. ... |
8366026 | Comparative analysis of flagellin sequences from Escherichia coli strains possessing serologically distinct flagellar filaments with a shared complex surface pattern. | Escherichia coli morphotype E flagellar filaments have a characteristic surface pattern of short-pitch loops when examined by electron microscopy. Seven of the 50 known E. coli H (flagellar antigen) serotypes (H1, H7, H12, H23, H45, H49, and H51) produce morphotype E filaments. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amp... |
8103296 | Analysis of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-mediated lung injury using rat lung organ cultures. | Using a rat lung organ culture system, we analyzed the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP 1) in leukocyte to lung adhesive interactions and monocyte-mediated lung injury. Quantitative leukocyte to lung adhesive interactions were examined using an adaptation of the Woodruff-Stamper frozen section binding as... |
8359919 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in mice immunized with Escherichia coli: correlation with mortality after lethal challenge and production of a native inhibitor of TNF-alpha activity. | The kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, the correlation between cytokine levels and mortality rates after lethal challenge, and the production of a native inhibitor of TNF-alpha activity was investigated in mice immunized with formalin-killed Escherichia coli. Groups of mice were injected fo... |
8359907 | A broadly cross-protective monoclonal antibody binding to Escherichia coli and Salmonella lipopolysaccharides. | During the last decade, episodes of sepsis have increased and Escherichia coli has remained the most frequent clinical isolate. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS; endotoxin) are the major toxic and antigenic components of gram-negative bacteria and qualify as targets for therapeutic interventions. Molecules that neutralize the ... |
8359889 | Role of complement component C1q in phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes by murine macrophage-like cell lines. | Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen of a great variety of cells. Among them, macrophages constitute the major effector cells of listerial immunity during the course of an infection. Although the molecular bases of L. monocytogenes attachment and entry to phagocytes are not completely understo... |
8395012 | Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the pre-mRNA-binding (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) C proteins. | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes, the structures that contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA and its associated proteins, constitute one of the most abundant components of the eukaryotic nucleus. hnRNPs appear to play important roles in the processing, and possibly also in the transport, of mRNA. hn... |
8355686 | Identification of the ligand-binding regions in the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor extracellular domain. | The c-fms gene encodes the receptor for the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and its extracellular domain consists of five immunoglobulin-like subdomains. To identify which of the five immunoglobulin-like regions are involved in ligand binding, we polymerase chain reaction-cloned five segments of the extra... |
8355677 | Functional domains of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, transdominant inhibition, and transformation suppression. | The wild-type (wt) p53 protein has transcriptional activation functions which may be linked to its tumor suppressor activity. Many mutant p53 proteins expressed in cancers have lost the ability to function as transcriptional activators and furthermore may inhibit wt p53 function. To study the mechanisms by which mutant... |
7689083 | Immunochemistry of a keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture model for reconstruction of human skin. | Our purpose was to determine differentiation markers of an in vitro co-culture model in which fibroblasts grown in a three-dimensional nylon mesh were recombined with human keratinocytes. The cultures were kept for 5 weeks and then processed for electron microscopy and immunochemistry. The specimens revealed an epiderm... |
8394844 | Early steps in reovirus infection are associated with dramatic changes in supramolecular structure and protein conformation: analysis of virions and subviral particles by cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction. | Three structural forms of type 1 Lang reovirus (virions, intermediate subviral particles [ISVPs], and cores) have been examined by cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) and image reconstruction at 27 to 32-A resolution. Analysis of the three-dimensional maps and known biochemical composition allows determination of capsid p... |
8350412 | Role of the His-Cys finger of Moloney murine leukemia virus integrase protein in integration and disintegration. | Retroviral integrases mediate site-specific endonuclease and transesterification reactions in the absence of exogenous energy. The basis for the sequence specificity in these integrase-viral DNA recognition processes is unknown. Structural analogs of the disintegration substrate were made to analyze the disintegration ... |
8394440 | Protein species of the parvovirus minute virus of mice strain MVMp: involvement of phosphorylated VP-2 subtypes in viral morphogenesis. | The pattern of induced protein species of the prototype strain of the parvovirus minute virus of mice was determined in permissive A9 mouse fibroblast cells by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Identities of the viral proteins in the gels were assigned by probing two-dimensional blots with antisera r... |
8394436 | Repression of bovine papillomavirus type 1 transcription by the E1 replication protein. | Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) is the prototype virus for the study of papillomavirus gene regulation. The functions of the BPV-1 E2 proteins in transcriptional regulation have been well characterized. The BPV-1 E1 protein is required for viral DNA replication and can bind to the origin of replication alone or in... |
18965792 | Beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography. Effect of the spacer arm on chiral recognition. | Cyclodextrins (CDs) can be bound on silica to prepare chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography. The cyclodextrin ring is connected to a spacer previously bonded on the silica surface. Three different CD-CSPs were prepared with three different spacers. (i) A dimethylethoxysilane with a linear 6 carbon c... |
18965789 | Spectrofluorometric study of thallium (I) complexes with several macrocyclic ligands in methanol solution. | The fluorescent signal of T1(+) was employed as a sensitive probe to study the complexation reactions between this cation and several macrocyclic ligands in methanol solution at 20 degrees C. The stability constants of the resulting 1:1 complexes were determined and found to vary in the order C222 > C221 > 18C6 > DC18C... |
18965784 | Double armed crown ethers and armed macrocycles as a new series of metal-selective reagents: a review. | Various double armed crown ethers and related macrocycles are presented as metal-selective reagents characterized by macrocyclic ligands and metal-ligating sidearms. They exhibit unique metal binding and recognition functions via macroring-sidearm cooperative action. Since they form three dimensional complexes suitable... |
8304753 | Paracrystalline surface layers of dairy propionibacteria. | We examined 70 dairy propionibacteria and detected a crystalline surface layer (S-layer) in only 2 organisms (Propionibacterium freudenreichii CNRZ 722 and Propionibacterium jensenii CNRZ 87) by freeze-etching and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Both S-layers exhibited oblique (p2) sym... |
8276424 | Evidence for beta-galactosidase catalyzed hydrolysis of paranitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside anchored in cyclodextrins. | The absorption maximum of p-nitrophenol upon mixing with molar equivalents of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPB) showed nearly 5 nm shift to the longer wavelength region, indicative of complex formation, while beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) and hydroxyethy... |
8270464 | Ultrastructural and biochemical observations on proteoglycans and collagen in the mutable connective tissue of the feather star Antedon bifida (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). | Mutable connective tissue, unique to echinoderms, changes its mechanical behaviour within seconds of nervous stimulation. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is not understood. In this study proteoglycans and collagen of the brachial ligaments connecting neighbouring ossicles of the arms of the feather star Ante... |
8257601 | Targeting and retention of Golgi membrane proteins. | Recent cloning of genes encoding membrane proteins of the Golgi complex has allowed investigation of protein targeting to this organelle. Targeting signals have been identified in three glycosyltransferases, a viral envelope protein and several proteins of the trans-Golgi network. Interestingly, the targeting signals f... |
8252612 | Functional implications of brain corticosteroid receptor diversity. | 1. Corticosteroids readily enter the brain and control gene expression in nerve cells via binding to intracellular receptors, which act as gene transcription factors. In the rat brain corticosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) with a 10-fold higher affinity than to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). As a co... |
8241568 | Gradients in the concentration and assembly of myosin II in living fibroblasts during locomotion and fiber transport. | Assembly and motor activity of myosin II affect shape, contractility, and locomotion of nonmuscle cells. We used fluorescent analogues and imaging techniques to elucidate the state of assembly and three-dimensional distribution of myosin II in living Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. An analogue of myosin II that was covalently c... |
8240656 | The DNA complexes of 2,5-diaziridinylbenzoquinone and 3,6-dimethyl-2,5-diaziridinylbenzoquinone. A molecular mechanics study. | Computer modeling has been used to study the non-covalent interaction of the quinone and hydroquinone forms of 2,5-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DZQ and DZHQ, respectively) and its 3,6-dimethyl derivative (MeDZQ, MeDZHQ) with DNA. Calculations were performed using DNA duplexes containing 5'-TGCA and 5'-TGTC binding si... |
7901374 | Protective effects of cyclodextrin sulphates against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. | The effects of cyclodextrin sulphates on the development of rat renal dysfunction induced with gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, were studied. Daily subcutaneous injection of gentamicin (100 mg kg-1, 14 days) developed nephrotoxicity in the rat as assessed by an increase in serum urea nitrogen and histopatholog... |
8228914 | Reduction of calcium inactivation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release by fura-2 in voltage-clamped cut twitch fibers from frog muscle. | Cut fibers from Rana temporaria and Rana pipiens (striation spacing, 3.9-4.2 microns) were mounted in a double Vaseline-gap chamber and studied at 14 degrees C. The Ca indicator purpurate-3,3' diacetic acid (PDAA) was introduced into the end pools and allowed to diffuse into the optical recording site. When the concent... |
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