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8225681 | Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ataprost alfadex, a new prostaglandin I2 analog in healthy volunteers. | Ataprost alfadex [5(E),-6,9-deoxa-6,9 alpha-methylene-15-cyclopentyl-16,17,18,19,20-pentanor- PGI2 alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate] is a novel PGI2 derivative. From animal studies, it is expected to be a more potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and less hypotensive than PGI2. The pharmacokinetics of ataprost were stu... |
8225650 | Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration in critically ill patients with multiple organ failure. | 18 critically ill patients, with multiple organ failure (MOF) (from shock either septic, n = 15, or cardiogenic, n = 3), oliguria and increase in BUN and creatinine were treated with pump driven, high flux continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). Replacement fluids were administered in predilution mode. All patien... |
8218889 | Dynamic instability of microtubules: Monte Carlo simulation and application to different types of microtubule lattice. | Dynamic instability is the term used to describe the transition of an individual microtubule, apparently at random, between extended periods of slow growth and brief periods of rapid shortening. The typical sawtooth growth and shortening transition behavior has been successfully simulated numerically for the 13-protofi... |
8218888 | Direct visualization of polypeptide shell of ferritin molecule by atomic force microscopy. | The polypeptide shell of the ferritin molecule has been imaged in water by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The central dip and the quaternary structure could be observed on the surface of the ferritin molecule anchored inhomogeneously in two dimensions. These structures observed in the AFM images are quite similar to th... |
8217923 | Clinical diversity in biliary pancreatitis--classification of two types. | One hundred and seven patients with biliary pancreatitis undergoing operation from 1976 to 1989 were reviewed. To clarify the reason for failure to respond to conventional supportive therapy, 73 patients (68%) who underwent emergency surgery were retrospectively divided into two groups according to the severity of the ... |
8216945 | Empirical force field analysis of the revised structure of coenzyme F430. Epimerization and geometry of the corphinoid tetrapyrrole. | We undertook an empirical force field analysis of the conformational changes that accompany the diepimerization of coenzyme F430. The crystal structure of 12,13-diepi F430M was used as a test of the parameter set and as the basis for the calculations. The individual pyrrole rings in 13-epi and 12,13-diepi F430 adopt al... |
8216943 | An aggregating elastin-like pentapeptide. | Synthetic VGGVG, a "monomeric" unit of the glycine-rich regions of elastin, has been investigated for its molecular and supramolecular properties. In aqueous solution the pentapeptide showed conformational features strongly concentration-dependent. CD and NMR studies suggested a partial unfolding on increasing the conc... |
8216434 | Preparation and central action of propofol/hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes in rabbits. | Inclusion complexes of propofol (CAS 2078-54-8) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) were examined in aqueous solution and in the solid state by phase solubility technique, IR-spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Solid complexes obtained by kneading method were dissolved in artificial plasma ... |
8215289 | Synthesis and virucidal activity of a water-soluble, configurationally stable, derivatized C60 fullerene. | The bis(monosuccinimide) derivative of p,p'-bis(2-aminoethyl)diphenyl-C60 (compound 1), prepared by the fulleroid route, is active against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 (50% effective concentration [EC50] averaging approximately 6 microM) in acutely or chronically infected human lymphocytes and ... |
8415398 | Solubilization of thiazolobenzimidazole using a combination of pH adjustment and complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The thiazolobenzimidazole 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1H,3H-thiazolo[3,4-a] benzimidazole, TBI, is an experimental drug for the treatment of AIDS which exhibits a low water solubility (11 micrograms/mL) and is therefore difficult to administer in an injectable solution dosage form at a target solution concentration of 10 mg... |
8408416 | Displacement chromatography on cyclodextrin silicas. IV. Separation of the enantiomers of ibuprofen. | A displacement chromatographic method has been developed for the preparative separation of the enantiomers of ibuprofen using a beta-cyclodextrin silica stationary phase. The retention behavior of ibuprofen was studied in detail: the log k' vs. polar organic modifier concentration, the log k' vs. pH, the log k' vs. buf... |
8404828 | Capillary electrophoresis quantitation of l-L-folinic acid in the presence of its inactive d-L-form. | The diastereomers d-L and l-L-folinic acid were separated by capillary electrophoresis, using heptakis (2,3-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral active component in the background electrolyte. The method proved suitable for the quantitation of these compounds in one commercial pharmaceutical preparation. |
8404763 | Molecular modeling studies suggest that zinc ions inhibit HIV-1 protease by binding at catalytic aspartates. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease is inhibited in vitro by zinc ions at neutral pH. The binding site of these ions is not known; however, experimental data suggest that binding may occur in the active site. To examine the possibility of zinc binding in the active site, molecular dynamics simulations in the p... |
8403092 | Inclusion complexation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins. On changes in solubility and antimicrobial activity. | To obtain a transparent and effective solution of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the use of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins (2-HP-beta-CyDs) as solubilizers with different degrees of substitution (D.S.) was surveyed. 2-HP-beta-CyDs significantly increased the aqueous solubility of four kinds of parabens (m... |
8402063 | Role of serum endotoxin and antiendotoxin core antibody levels in predicting the development of multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis. | It has been proposed that endotoxin contributes to the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) in acute pancreatitis. Endotoxaemia is transient and may not be detected by intermittent blood sampling. By contrast, not only can changes in the patient's endogenous antiendotoxin core antibody pool persist for many days... |
8401208 | Prediction of the three-dimensional structures of the nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor binding proteins (kallikreins) and an hypothetical structure of the high molecular weight complex of epidermal growth factor with its binding protein. | We have predicted the three-dimensional structures of the serine protease subunits (gamma-NGF, alpha-NGF, and EGF-BP) of the high molecular weight complexes of nerve growth factor (7S NGF) and epidermal growth factor (HMW-EGF) from the mouse submandibular gland (from the X-ray crystal structures of two related glandula... |
8374302 | Affinity purification of beta-amylases originating from plant using cyclomaltohexaose-immobilized Sepharose 6B in the presence of ammonium sulfate. | This paper reports a novel method of affinity purification of soybean and barley beta-amylase on cyclomaltohexaose-immobilized Sepharose. Until now, it has been shown that sweet potato beta-amylase can be purified using the above absorbent but beta-amylases from soybean and barley seeds cannot. We found that soybean an... |
8371988 | Mutational analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae general regulatory factor CP1. | The Saccharomyces cerevisiae general regulatory factor CP1, a helix-loop-helix protein that binds the centromere DNA element I (CDEI) of yeast centromeres, is required in yeast for optimal centromere function and for methionine prototrophy. Mutant alleles of CEP1, the gene encoding CP1, were generated by linker inserti... |
7690471 | The encapsidation signal on the hepatitis B virus RNA pregenome forms a stem-loop structure that is critical for its function. | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the type member of the hepadnaviridae, small enveloped DNA viruses that replicate through reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenome. This reaction occurs usually inside the viral nucleocapsid, the assembly of which requires specific interactions between multiple copies of th... |
8371271 | Monte Carlo analysis of the conformation of DNA catenanes. | We used a Monte Carlo method to study the conformational properties of catenanes between two nicked DNA rings. We calculated the writhe induced by catenation as a function of the linking number between the two rings. The simulations modeled catenated rings of equal size as well as rings differing in length by a factor ... |
8396590 | Comparison of the reactivities of baculovirus-expressed recombinant Norwalk virus capsid antigen with those of the native Norwalk virus antigen in serologic assays and some epidemiologic observations. | Since the discovery of the Norwalk virus (NV) by immune electron microscopy (IEM) in 1972, serologic studies with this virus have relied on particle-positive fecal material from infected volunteers as the source of antigen because it has not been possible to propagate this virus in cell culture. However, the recent clo... |
7764015 | Effects of moranoline, 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylmoranoline and their N-substituted derivatives on thermostability of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, glucoamylase, and beta-amylase. | In repeated glycosylmoranolines synthetic reaction at 55 degrees C, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGT-ase, EC 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus stearothermophilus retained its activity for more than 600 days. A main stabilizing compound was found to be 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylmoranoline. The thermostabilizing activities of... |
7690125 | The different binding modes of Hoechst 33258 to DNA studied by electric linear dichroism. | The binding mode of the bisbenzimidazole derivative Hoechst 33258 to a series of DNAs and polynucleotides has been investigated by electric linear dichroism. Positive reduced dichroisms were measured for the poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT)- and poly(dA).poly(dT)-Hoechst complexes in agreement with a deep penetration of the dru... |
7763979 | Molecular recognition in DNA-binding proteins and enzymes. | The molecular basis for the specificity and activity of protein-DNA interactions is currently being established from the combination of results on the structure and biochemistry of DNA-binding proteins and enzymes. Data detailed in the 12 most recent studies on DNA-binding protein and enzyme structures, including the m... |
7763970 | Application of scanning transmission electron microscopy to the study of biological structure. | The scanning transmission electron microscope provides structural and chemical information of a specimen at atomic-scale resolution and complements conventional transmission electron microscopy techniques. Mass measurements can now be performed routinely on a wide range of molecular and supramolecular structures using ... |
8363614 | Stoichiometry of the human lysosomal carboxypeptidase-beta-galactosidase complex. | The understanding of the lysosomal beta-galactosidase-carboxypeptidase-neuraminidase multienzymatic complex structure and function requires an efficient system for dissociation and association of its isolated protein components under controlled conditions. In this paper such a system was used to determine the stoichiom... |
8103322 | Clarification of the pH-dependent kinetic behaviour of papain by using reactivity probes and analysis of alkylation and catalysed acylation reactions in terms of multihydronic state models: implications for electrostatics calculations and interpretation of the consequences of site-specific mutations such as Asp-158-Asn... | 1. The complex behaviour of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) in acidic media has been investigated by (a) stopped-flow reactivity probe kinetics using 4,4'-dipyrimidyl disulphide (I) and 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (II) as thiol-specific time-dependent inhibitors with markedly different susceptibilities to activation by hydronation ... |
8395350 | Three-dimensional visualization of the rotavirus hemagglutinin structure. | Three-dimensional structures of a native simian and reassortant rotavirus have been determined by electron cryomicroscopy and computer image processing. The structural features of the native virus confirm that the hemagglutinin spike is a dimer of VP4, substantiated by in vivo radiolabeling studies. Exchange of native ... |
8395055 | Kinetoplast DNA maxicircles: networks within networks. | Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), the mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, is an enormous network of interlocked minicircles and maxicircles. We selectively removed minicircles from Trypanosoma equiperdum kDNA networks by restriction enzyme cleavage. Maxicircles remained in aggregates that were resistant to protease or RNase and c... |
7689227 | Epitopes for natural antibodies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative (normal) and HIV-positive sera are coincident with two key functional sequences of HIV Tat protein. | We have previously shown that IgM antibodies that react with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat, a regulatory protein essential for viral replication, are present in sera of all normal, HIV-negative individuals and deficient in sera of HIV-positive individuals at progressively greater frequency as diagnosis of AIDS... |
8353945 | Calcium determination in serum with stable alkaline Arsenazo III and triglyceride clearing. | We describe an analytical procedure for determining serum calcium, using the ligand Arsenazo III in an aqueous alkaline medium. The choice of pH for the proposed technique differs from current procedures, which are for the most part carried out in a slightly acidic medium. An acidic medium avoids interference from magn... |
8352747 | New families in the classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities. | 301 glycosyl hydrolases and related enzymes corresponding to 39 EC entries of the I.U.B. classification system have been classified into 35 families on the basis of amino-acid-sequence similarities [Henrissat (1991) Biochem. J. 280, 309-316]. Approximately half of the families were found to be monospecific (containing ... |
8349810 | A novel superantigen isolated from pathogenic strains of Streptococcus pyogenes with aminoterminal homology to staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C. | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) has re-emerged in recent years as a cause of severe human disease. Because extracellular products are involved in streptococcal pathogenesis, we explored the possibility that a disease isolate expresses an uncharacterized superantigen. We screened culture supernatants for ... |
8349798 | An inbred line of transgenic mice expressing an internally deleted gene for type II procollagen (COL2A1). Young mice have a variable phenotype of a chondrodysplasia and older mice have osteoarthritic changes in joints. | Studies were carried out on a line of transgenic mice that expressed an internally deleted COL2A1 gene and developed a phenotype resembling human chondrodysplasias (Vandenberg et al. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:7640-7644. Marked differences in phenotype were observed with propagation of the mutated gene in an ... |
8349734 | Myosin and paramyosin of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos assemble into nascent structures distinct from thick filaments and multi-filament assemblages. | The organization of myosin heavy chains (mhc) A and B and paramyosin (pm) which are the major proteins of thick filaments in adult wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans were studied during embryonic development. As a probe of myosin-paramyosin interaction, the unc-15 mutation e73 which produces a glu342lys charge change in ... |
8349613 | Self-assembly and calcium-binding sites in laminin. A three-arm interaction model. | Laminin, a four-arm glycoprotein, polymerizes in vitro into networks similar to those found in basement membranes. We have dissected this calcium-dependent assembly by analyzing proteolytic fragment binding using equilibrium gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy. The cathepsin G fragment C1-4 (th... |
8102362 | Identification and transcriptional analysis of the Escherichia coli htrE operon which is homologous to pap and related pilin operons. | We have characterized a new Escherichia coli operon consisting of two genes, ecpD and htrE. The ecpD gene encodes a 27-kDa protein which is 40% identical at the amino acid level to the pilin chaperone PapD family of proteins. Immediately downstream of the ecpD gene is the htrE gene. The htrE gene encodes a polypeptide ... |
8347593 | Membrane interaction and self-assembly within phospholipid membranes of synthetic segments corresponding to the H-5 region of the shaker K+ channel. | The voltage-activated K+ channels are assumed to be formed by the coassembly of four polypeptide monomers. Each of these monomers is postulated to consist of six transmembrane segments (S1 to S6), and long N- and C-terminal domains. The highly conserved linker, H-5, between the fifth and the sixth transmembrane segment... |
7688296 | Purification of NSP1 reveals complex formation with 'GLFG' nucleoporins and a novel nuclear pore protein NIC96. | The essential C-terminal domain of NSP1 mediates assembly into the nuclear pore complex (NPC). To identify components which interact physically with this yeast nucleoporin, the tagged C-terminal domain of NSP1 (ProtA-NSP1) was isolated by affinity chromatography under non-denaturing conditions. The purified complex con... |
8342990 | The gastrointestinal tract. The "undrained abscess" of multiple organ failure. | <h4>Objective</h4>This study determined the association between proximal gastrointestinal (GI) colonization and the development of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection and multiple organ failure (MOF) in a population of critically ill surgical patients.<h4>Summary background data</h4>ICU-acquired infection in a... |
7688185 | A ribonuclease inhibitor expresses anti-angiogenic properties and leads to reduced tumor growth in mice. | Our experiments were designed to determine whether recombinant ribonuclease inhibitor (RNasin) could inhibit angiogenesis and reduce tumor growth in adult mice. We used the Fajardo disc angiogenesis assay as the primary means of measuring new blood vessel growth. This assay measures the penetration of cells into a poly... |
8342038 | Transition metals in control of gene expression. | Metalloproteins play structural and catalytic roles in gene expression. The metalloregulatory proteins are a subclass that exerts metal-responsive control of genes involved in respiration, metabolism, and metal-specific homeostasis or stress-response systems, such as iron uptake and storage, copper efflux, and mercury ... |
8336736 | Splicing mutants and their second-site suppressors at the dihydrofolate reductase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells. | Point mutants induced with a variety of mutagens at the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were screened for aberrantly spliced dhfr mRNA by RNase protection and/or reverse transcriptase coupled with cDNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 115 mutants screene... |
8335650 | FrzCD, a methyl-accepting taxis protein from Myxococcus xanthus, shows modulated methylation during fruiting body formation. | The frizzy (frz) genes of Myxococcus xanthus are required to control directed motility during vegetative growth and fruiting body formation. FrzCD, a protein homologous to the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins from enteric bacteria, is modified by methylation in response to environmental conditions. Transfer of cell... |
8335369 | Comparison of the relative toxicities of Shiga-like toxins type I and type II for mice. | In earlier studies using a streptomycin-treated mouse model of infection caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), animals fed Shiga-like toxin type II (SLT-II)-producing strains developed acute renal cortical necrosis and died, while mice fed Shiga-like toxin type I (SLT-I)-producing clones did not die (E. ... |
8335359 | Isolation and characterization of a Streptococcus pyogenes protein that binds to basal laminae of human cardiac muscle. | A 9-kDa glycosaminoglycan-binding protein (GAG-BP) was isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on heparin-agarose. The protein selectively bound to the basal laminae of human cardiac muscle and had an apparent dissociation constant of 2.5 x 10(-7) M. Chemical analyses... |
7687581 | Endotoxin-mediated endothelial cell injury and activation: role of soluble CD14. | Vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial sepsis and endotoxic shock. The studies described here were performed to define further the molecular mechanisms involved in the EC responses to LPS. We showed that serum was required for... |
8331740 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein is an oligomeric type I integral membrane protein. | The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein is a 16-kDa phosphoprotein which enhances the efficiency of virion production and induces rapid degradation of CD4, the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus. The topology of membrane-inserted Vpu was investigated by using in vitro-synthesized Vpu cotrans... |
8392625 | Multiple binding sites for cellular proteins in the 3' end of Sindbis alphavirus minus-sense RNA. | The 3' end of Sindbis virus minus-sense RNA was tested for its ability to bind proteins in mosquito cell extracts, using labeled riboprobes that represented different parts of this region. We found four domains in the first 250 nucleotides that could bind the same 50- and 52-kDa proteins, three with high affinity and o... |
8392605 | Functional expression and characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit. | A recombinant baculovirus containing the complete sequence for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase catalytic subunit, BALF5 gene product, under the control of the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter was constructed. Insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced a protein of 110 kDa, recognized by anti-B... |
8331723 | Functional and immunologic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins containing deletions of the major variable regions. | Deletions of the major variable regions (V1/V2, V3, and V4) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein were created to study the role of these regions in function and antigenicity. Deletion of the V4 region disrupted processing of the envelope glycoprotein precursor. In cont... |
8392596 | The E5 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 transforms fibroblasts and effects the downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in keratinocytes. | To determine the function of the E5 open reading frame (ORF) of the human papillomaviruses (HPVs), rodent fibroblast cell lines were transfected with the E5 ORF of HPV type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-16 expressed from an exogenous promoter. Transfected fibroblasts were transformed to colony formation in soft agar, and the trans... |
16349019 | Characterization of Amylolytic Enzymes, Having Both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 Hydrolytic Activity, from the Thermophilic Archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis. | Extracellular pullulanases were purified from cell-free culture supernatants of the marine thermophilic archaea Thermococcus litoralis (optimal growth temperature, 90 degrees C) and Pyrococcus furiosus (optimal growth temperature, 98 degrees C). The molecular mass of the T. litoralis enzyme was estimated at 119,000 Da ... |
16349005 | Localization and Characterization of alpha-Glucosidase Activity in Brettanomyces lambicus. | Brettanomyces lambicus was isolated and identified from a typical overattenuating Belgian lambic beer and exhibited extracellular and intracellular alpha-glucosidase activities. Production of the intracellular enzyme was higher than production of the extracellular enzyme, and localization studies showed that the intrac... |
8143096 | Evidence for a nuclear compartment of transcription and splicing located at chromosome domain boundaries. | The nuclear topography of splicing snRNPs, mRNA transcripts and chromosome domains in various mammalian cell types are described. The visualization of splicing snRNPs, defined by the Sm antigen, and coiled bodies, revealed distinctly different distribution patterns in these cell types. Heat shock experiments confirmed ... |
7511470 | Fractionation of human H1 subtypes and characterization of a subtype-specific antibody exhibiting non-uniform nuclear staining. | Four histone H1 subtypes and H1(0) were fractionated from human placental nuclei and purified to homogeneity by a combination of Bio-Rex 70 chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits against one of these subtypes designated H1-3. An... |
7511469 | DNA puff C4 of Bradysia hygida (Diptera: Sciaridae) contains genes unequally amplified and differentially expressed during development. | We report here the isolation and characterization of a 2.3 kb genomic EcoRI fragment that co-localizes in the DNA puff C4 of Bradysia hygida with a 4 kb EcoRI fragment previously characterized as containing part of a gene amplified and expressed in the salivary gland at the time when puff C4 expands. Verification of th... |
8143095 | Comparative mapping of SRY in the great apes. | Cytogenetic studies of the primate Y chromosomes have suggested that extensive rearrangements have occurred during evolution of the great apes. We have used in situ hybridization to define these rearrangements at the molecular level. pHU-14, a probe including sequences from the sex determining gene SRY, hybridizes clos... |
8143094 | Localization of seed protein genes on flow-sorted field bean chromosomes. | Chromosomes from reconstructed field bean (Vicia faba L.) karyotypes were flow-sorted and the DNA was used for the physical localization of seed storage and nonstorage (USP) protein genes using PCR with sequence specific primers. The data were confirmed and refined by using DNA of microisolated chromosomes of other kar... |
8268650 | Acute dialytic support of the octogenarian: is it worth it? | Dialytic support of the elderly has recently come under scrutiny. The consumption of resources and the lack of clear data on outcome have fueled the controversy. In an effort to establish a baseline, we reviewed our experience over the past 5 years of ICU dialysis therapies delivered to patients over 80 years old. Data... |
8267855 | [Application of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex in liushen pills]. | 01 Liushen Pills (prepared by beta-CD inclusion complex) and 02 Liushen Pills (prepared according to the normal way) were compared by quality inspection, stability test, pharmacological experiments of irritative effects and dissolution test. The results indicated that 01 Liushen Pills were superior to 02 Liushen Pills. |
8222723 | Beta-cyclodextrins enhance bioavailability of pilocarpine. | Cyclodextrins have been used to improve drug solubility, stability and absorption for oral and parenteral administration. However, their potential for improving ocular drug delivery has received little attention. To evaluate the ability of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins to improve ophthalmic drug bioavailability foll... |
8105066 | Stabilization of thymopentin and preservation of its pharmacological properties by 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | Thymopentin prepared in 5, 15, and 20% 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) was able to inhibit guinea-pig ileum contraction stimulated by anatoxin-a (3 x 10(-6) M) after fourteen months of storage at room temperature. Thus, in contrast to the instability of thymopentin prepared without HPCD, the pharmacological ac... |
8405085 | Smooth muscle relaxant effects of propofol and ketamine in isolated guinea-pig trachea. | The effects of anesthetics on airway smooth muscle tone are important in the management of patients with asthma. In the present study we evaluated the effect of propofol and ketamine on isolated guinea-pig tracheal preparations mounted for recording isometric contractile force. In a concentration-dependent way both dru... |
8378257 | Techniques for assessing the effects of pharmaceutical excipients on the aggregation of porcine growth hormone. | Three denaturing techniques have been evaluated for their ability to induce irreversible aggregation and precipitation of recombinant porcine growth hormone (pGH). The denaturing stimuli included thermal denaturation, interfacial denaturation through the introduction of a high air/water interface by vortex agitation, a... |
7690395 | Stimuli that induce production of Candida albicans extracellular aspartyl proteinase. | Several species of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida produce an extracellular aspartyl proteinase that may assist the organism to invade and colonize host tissues, evade the host immune response and assimilate nitrogen from proteinaceous sources. Although addition of exogenous proteins, such as bovine serum alb... |
8370639 | Studies on the carbodiimide-mediated model couplings of Z-Pro-Leu-OH with benzoaza-15-crown-5. | A series of model DCC-mediated couplings of Z-Pro-D-Leu-OH with 2,3-benzo-10-aza-1,4,7,13-tetraoxacyclopentadeca-2-ene were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that racemization during preparation of N-(Z-Pro-Leu-)benzoaza-15-crown-5 is promoted by HOBT, an additive usually reducing this pro... |
8369461 | Supramolecular ordering of DNA in the cholesteric liquid crystalline phase: an ultrastructural study. | Aqueous solutions of 146-base pair DNA fragments form a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase in the range of about 160-290 mg/ml. We present a structural analysis of this phase by comparing the data obtained from polarizing and electron microscopy. This phase shows multiple aspects or "textures" which are presented and... |
8369448 | The nature of cation-pi binding: interactions between tetramethylammonium ion and benzene in aqueous solution. | A combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical Monte Carlo simulation method was used to determine the free energy of binding between tetramethylammonium ion (TMA+) and benzene in water. The computed free energy as a function of distance (the potential of mean force) has two minima that represent contact and so... |
8396450 | Dynamics in a protein-lipid complex: nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on the headgroup of cardiolipin when bound to cytochrome c. | Deuterium and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used to investigate the dynamics of slow motional processes induced in bilayer cardiolipin upon binding with cytochrome c. 31P NMR line shapes suggest that protein binding induces less restricted, isotropic-like motions in the lipid phosphates within th... |
8368502 | Electrochemical preparation of 1,1'-dimethylferricinium from a water-soluble 1,1'-dimethylferrocene-2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex and its applications in enzyme assay. | Water-soluble 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (hp-beta-CyD), a cyclic and nonreducing oligosaccharide, was used to enclose the hydrophobic guest molecules ferrocene (FeCp2) and 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (DMFeCp2) to form a water-soluble complex. At high concentrations (300 mM), hp-beta-CyD enclosed up to 100 mM FeCp2 or... |
8366606 | [Non-surgical biliary drainage for cholelithiasis]. | Non-operative methods to treat obstructive jaundice and cholangitis caused by cholelithiasis are endoscopic and percutaneous biliary drainage. Usually, endoscopic papillotomy and stone removal by basket catheter is available for treating choledocholithiasis. It is necessary to place a drainage catheter into the bile du... |
8366160 | Enantiomeric separation of fluorescent, 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, tagged amino acids. | A new derivatizing reagent, 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC), has been used successfully for chromatographic enantioseparation of 31 amino acids on cyclodextrin bonded stationary phases. AQC reacts with both primary and secondary amino acids to produce stable and highly fluorescent derivatives suit... |
8365552 | Characterization of calcyclin fragments obtained by CNBr-cleavage. | 1. Two calcyclin fragments were obtained by CNBr-cleavage. 2. One fragment represented N-terminal end of a molecule (residues 1-56), and another one a C-terminal end (residues 57-89). 3. Properties of intact calcyclin such as binding of calcium, binding to hydrophobic resins and interaction with calcyclin specific anti... |
8364124 | [Supramolecular structure based on protein conjugates with polyalkyleneoxides. Complexes with beta-cyclodextrin]. | The reaction of the complex formation between beta-cyclodextrin and alpha-chymotrypsin conjugates with two-component ethylene oxide copolymers with propylene oxide has been described for the first time. The complex formation has been shown to depend on the mode of distribution of the polymer chains in the conjugate. Th... |
8359679 | A kinetic study on the regeneration of Candida albicans protoplasts in the presence of cell wall synthesis inhibitors. | Aculeacin A and papulacandin B block cell wall regeneration in Candida albicans protoplasts at an intermediate step in which the protoplasts have not yet synthesized the rigid structure of the cell wall and are therefore still osmotically sensitive. In the presence of the antibiotics, total synthesis of glucan is not s... |
8358751 | Synthesis of the laminara-oligosaccharide methyl beta-glycosides of dp 3-8. | Ethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranoside has been prepared in a good yield by anomerization of the corresponding beta-thioglucoside with tin(IV) chloride and transformed, in three steps, into ethyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (18). Chloroacetylation of 18, followed by... |
8395330 | Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis. | Norwalk virus infection is the epidemiologic prototype for outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne gastroenteritis. Around the world, Norwalk virus and Norwalk-like viruses appear to be major causes of food-borne and waterborne illness. Assessment of the overall significance of viral agents to the epidemiology of food-b... |
8358293 | Effects of alanine substitutions in alpha-helices of sperm whale myoglobin on protein stability. | The peptide backbones in folded native proteins contain distinctive secondary structures, alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and turns, with significant frequency. One question that arises in folding is how the stability of this secondary structure relates to that of the protein as a whole. To address this question, we substi... |
8358292 | In situ conversion of coproporphyrinogen to heme by murine mitochondria: terminal steps of the heme biosynthetic pathway. | Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.3), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4), and ferrochelatase (EC 4.99.1.1) catalyze the terminal three steps of the heme biosynthetic pathway. All three are either bound to or associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane in higher eukaryotic cells. A current model proposes th... |
8358291 | Structural engineering of the HIV-1 protease molecule with a beta-turn mimic of fixed geometry. | An important goal in the de novo design of enzymes is the control of molecular geometry. To this end, an analog of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1 protease) was prepared by total chemical synthesis, containing a constrained, nonpeptidic type II' beta-turn mimic of predetermined three-dimensional... |
8102921 | Probing the roles of residues at the e and g positions of the GCN4 leucine zipper by combinatorial mutagenesis. | Combinatorial mutagenesis with an alphabet limited to alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and threonine was used to probe the role of interactions involving surface residues in stabilizing a short alpha-helical coiled coil. The residues at eight e and g positions in the leucine zipper of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transc... |
8349766 | Curvilinear-gradient high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of mycobacteria. | Over a 1-year period, 502 mycobacterial cultures submitted to the Microbial Diseases Laboratory were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in parallel with standard biochemical methods. Identification by HPLC using a curvilinear gradient was achieved by comparing the chromatograms of the unknown c... |
8393986 | An E. coli RuvC mutant defective in cleavage of synthetic Holliday junctions. | Escherichia coli RuvC protein is a specific endonuclease that resolves recombination intermediates into viable products. The structural features needed for RuvC activity were investigated by sequencing three ruvC mutations and relating the base pair changes identified to the activity of the mutant proteins. Each of the... |
8343589 | Conformational requirements for molecular recognition of acetylcholine receptor main immunogenic region (MIR) analogues by monoclonal anti-MIR antibody: a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics approach. | The conformational properties of two [D-A70, A76] and [Aib70, A76] analogues of the alpha 67-76 Torpedo acetylcholine receptor fragment, with low binding capacity for the anti main immunogenic region (MIR) antibodies, were studied in DMSO by two-dimensional nmr techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. The results... |
8342021 | Direct colorimetric detection of a receptor-ligand interaction by a polymerized bilayer assembly. | Detection of receptor-ligand interactions is generally accomplished by indirect assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A direct colorimetric detection method based on a polydiacetylene bilayer assembled on glass microscope slides has been developed. The bilayer is composed of a self-assembled monolayer of oc... |
8341666 | Transmutation of a heme protein. | Residue Asn57 of bovine liver cytochrome b5 has been replaced with a cysteine residue, and the resulting variant has been isolated from recombinant Escherichia coli as a mixture of four major species: A, BI, BII, and C. A combination of electronic spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, electro... |
8393562 | Direct BRLF1 binding is required for cooperative BZLF1/BRLF1 activation of the Epstein-Barr virus early promoter, BMRF1. | Disruption of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency is mediated through the activation of the viral immediate-early proteins, BZLF1 (Z) and BRLF1 (R).i.; (Chevallier-Greco, A., et al., (1986) EMBO J., 5, 3243-9; Countryman, and Miller, G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 4085-4089). We have previously demonstrated tha... |
8393454 | Biochemical analysis of mutant alleles of the vaccinia virus topoisomerase I carrying targeted substitutions in a highly conserved domain. | The 32-kDa topoisomerase I encoded by vaccinia virus relaxes supercoiled DNA in a manner which is mechanistically equivalent to that utilized by eucaryotic enzymes. Its amino acid sequence contains significant homology to the enzymes encoded by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pombe, human cells, and other poxvi... |
8392977 | Adhesion of human lymphoid cell lines to immobilized carbohydrates and to bone-marrow stromal cell layers by surface sugar receptors. | Cell-surface sugar receptors may participate in interactions of lymphoid cells that influence their adhesive properties and proliferation. Their expression on cells of the pre-B line BLIN-I, the B-lymphoblastoid line Croco II, the myeloma line RPMI 8226 and the T-lymphoblastoid line CCRF-CEM was monitored with a panel ... |
8335008 | Additive, cooperative and anti-cooperative effects between identity nucleotides of a tRNA. | We have investigated the functional relationship between nucleotides in yeast tRNAAsp that are important for aspartylation by yeast aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Transcripts of tRNAAsp with two or more mutations at identity positions G73, G34, U35, C36 and base pair G10-U25 have been prepared and the steady-state kinetics ... |
8335001 | Actin and fimbrin are required for the internalization step of endocytosis in yeast. | In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alpha-factor is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis and transported via vesicular intermediates to the vacuole where the pheromone is degraded. Using beta-tubulin and actin mutant strains, we showed that actin plays a direct role in receptor-mediated internalization of alpha-facto... |
7687536 | Crystal structure of the SH3 domain in human Fyn; comparison of the three-dimensional structures of SH3 domains in tyrosine kinases and spectrin. | The Src-homology 3 (SH3) region is a protein domain consisting of approximately 60 residues. It occurs in a large number of eukaryotic proteins involved in signal transduction, cell polarization and membrane--cytoskeleton interactions. The function is unknown, but it is probably involved in specific protein--protein in... |
8334133 | Calcium ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum has four binding sites for calcium. | The calcium-transporting ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum is known to bind two Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm to the free enzyme and two Ca2+ ions from the lumen to the phosphoenzyme. The concentration of phosphoenzyme formed at equilibrium from Pi and Mg2+ increases with increasing concentration of calcium in the lumen,... |
8334116 | The 2.0-A resolution structure of soybean beta-amylase complexed with alpha-cyclodextrin. | New crystallographic findings are presented which offer a deeper understanding of the structure and functioning of beta-amylase, the first known exo-type starch-hydrolyzing enzyme. A refined three-dimensional structure of soybean beta-amylase, complexed with the inhibitor alpha-cyclodextrin, has been determined at 2.0-... |
8333850 | Adhesion of mouse hepatocytes to type I collagen: role of supramolecular forms and effect of proteolytic degradation. | Mouse hepatocytes were found to adhere much stronger to intact native type I collagen than to native, telopeptide-devoid collagen. Removal of telopeptides (by pepsin treatment) caused disintegration of supramolecular collagen aggregates. Similar differences in hepatocyte adhesion were observed between oligomeric and mo... |
8332533 | Status of the transcription factors database (TFD). | The Transcription Factors Database is a specialized database focusing on transcription factors and their properties. This report describes the present status of this database and developments during the past year. Within this time, the size of this database has increased by a 2799 total records, and has become accessib... |
8331700 | Value of superoxide dismutase for prevention of multiple organ failure after multiple trauma. | In a prospective, randomized trial, recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD, 3000 mg/day, Grünenthal, Aachen, Germany) or placebo was given intravenously during 5 days after multiple injuries (Injury Severity Score [ISS] > or = 27; 24 patients). Manifestation of multiple organ failure (MOF) and posttraumatic infl... |
8329389 | Three histidine residues in the active center of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 1011: effects of the replacement on pH dependence and transition-state stabilization. | Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) catalyzes the formation of cyclodextrins from amylose through an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction. On the basis of the three-dimensional structures of CGTases three histidine residues, which are conserved between CGTases and alpha-amylases, are located at the active ce... |
8392335 | Dystrophin is phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinases. | Dystrophin, the protein coded by the gene missing in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is assumed to be a component of the membrane cytoskeleton of skeletal muscle. Like other cytoskeletal proteins in different cell types, dystrophin bound to sarcolemma membranes was found to be phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinases.... |
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