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S1385894719329353
Thermal Energy Storage using granular solids is gaining momentum in the last years . With no degradation up to very high temperatures and very low price the use of some granular materials such as sand or
The tensile strength and compressibility of fine CaCO. powders are measured using the SPT. The effects of particle size temperature and consolidation stress are analyzed. Powder cohesiveness is largely increased with temperature and consolidation stress. Data agree with theoretical predictions for elasto plastic interp...
S1385894719329377
Red blood cells the most abundant cellular component in whole blood are an important health indicator and the morphology and behavior of RBCs on porous paper substrates plays a key role in the interpretation of the diagnostic results of paper based blood analysis . The wetting of paper by a blood sample containing disp...
A mechanism proposed to describe the movement of red blood cells in paper. A criterion proposed to predict the distribution of red blood cells in paper. Dynamic transport behaviour of red blood cells in paper was quantified. Ultrafast hematocrit detection was achieved using engineered paper microfluidics.
S1385894719329389
Super amphiphobic surfaces are limited either by the specific micro morphologies which are difficult to fabricate on particular substrates or by the liquid repellent ability which is confined to liquids with surface tension higher than about 24mNm
Magnetic super amphiphobic nanoparticles with core shell structures were prepared. Super amphiphobic surfaces can repel liquids with surface tension below 20mNm. Water organic marbles were formed based on the super amphiphobic nanoparticles. Microdroplets directed transportation and miniature reactor were achieved.
S1385894719329407
As a novel photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy black phosphorus has attracted increasing attention recently . However some of its inherent drawbacks hinder its further biomedical applications . As with most conventional photosensitizers the PDT efficiency of BP is severely limited by the hypoxia tumor microenviron...
The. demonstrated excellent light conversion efficiency biocompatibility and imaging properties. The. possessed the efficient ROS generation and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The multimodality imaging of. could be applied for diagnosis. The. had been exploited as a good theranostic agent for cancer diagnosis...
S1385894719329419
The development of a unique and universal strategy for accurate and sensitive quantification of multiple targets is essential for a variety of applications ranging from environmental monitoring to biological research . Herein a novel silver nanoclusters beacon based ratiometric fluorescence sensing strategy for highly ...
Silver nanoclusters beacon SNCB was facilely prepared with multifunctional DNA. Fluorescent transduction of silver nanoclusters was regulated by DNA binding. A universal SNCB based ratiometric nanoplatform was successfully constructed.
S1385894719329420
The materials with highly aligned tight arrangement at nano and molecular level exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties . Bacterial cellulose is a three dimensional network hydrogel formed by layers of disordered nanofibers generated by bacteria . Because of the disordered arrangement of nanofibers and the strong i...
BC nanofiber alignment was achieved via a simple one step solvent assisted drawing. It is the first time to realize the peeling of BC film layer by layer to obtain BC ultrathin film. The ultrathin film simultaneously exhibited high tensile strength 758MPa and high toughness 42.3MJm. . The BC ultrathin film can be twist...
S1385894719329432
All solid state lithium secondary batteries have never shown both higher energy and power density than them of conventional lithium ion batteries . Herein on the basic of well established percolation theory we expected what includes a dimension controlled solid electrolyte in an electrode can improve the electrochemica...
Ionic pathway can be enhanced introducing dimension controlled solid electrolytes. Effective conductivity is a key parameter for performances of all solid state electrode. Blending 0D and 1D solid electrolytes is to realize high performance of all solid state batteries.
S1385894719329444
Low lithium ionic conductivity of the solid state electrolyte and large interface resistance have hampered the application of all solid state lithium batteries . Although various methods have been proposed to address these challenge a high efficient method still needs for all solid state batteries . For the first time ...
FeS. cathode was used as doping agent for Li. type glassceramic electrolyte. The highest lithium ion conductivity of 2.22mScm. was achieved by suitable FeS. doping. The crystallization degree in the designed electrolyte was evaluated by solid state NMR. The cathode doped electrolyte strategy reduced cathode electrolyte...
S1385894719329456
The strong persistence wide presence and potential toxicities of perfluorooctanoic acid in aquatic environment makes it a challenge to develop advanced technologies to eliminate it from water . In this study novel
heterojunction was constructed by in situ phase transition. The. I efficiently degraded PFOA under visible light irradiation. The matched band structures of BiOI and Bi. I favor photoinduced carrier separation. OH and. were the main radicals responsible for PFOA degradation.
S1385894719329468
This review reports different approaches for the intensification of photocatalytic oxidation processes towards air streams decontamination . From reactor design to the combination of different oxidative processes many approaches have been exploited in order to reach higher photocatalytic reaction rates . When it comes ...
The state of the art on strategies for gas phase PCO process intensification. Advances and challenges on mass and photon transfer. Disruptive reactors designs with a high illuminated catalyst surface area. Reports on LEDs and optical fibers as customized efficient light sources. Overview on hybrid photocatalytic oxidat...
S138589471932947X
Recently biochar has been frequently used to degrade organic contaminants in advanced oxidation processes . In this study Mn doped magnetic biochar was prepared to activate persulfate for the degradation of tetracycline . The activation of PS by MMBC was affected by the doping amount of Mn pyrolysis temperature and res...
The MMBC composites were used in PS activation for TC degradation. MMBC 9002h exhibited the best adsorption and catalytic abilities. Pyrolysis temperatures and residence times effected catalytic abilities of catalysts. SO. and OH were generated in MMBC PS system. The catalysts exhibit high performance stability and reu...
S1385894719329481
Perfluorooctanoic acid is a widely used perfluorinated compound that causes hazards to human health and environment which is difficult to be removed by biological degradation . In this work we demonstrate a highly efficient PFOA degradation process integrated from photocatalysis ozonation and electrocatalysis with rGO ...
A combined photo electrocatalytic ozonation is developed to remove PFOA up to 95.4 . Synergistic effects of h. and. OH account for the highly efficient PFOA degradation. The novel rGO BiOCl catalysts offer high E. and effective charge carrier separation. The degradation intermediates are identified and quantified to un...
S138589471932950X
Flexible energy storage technologies that can be conformal with deformation as well as maintain their electrochemical functions is consistently and significantly considered . Therefore reinforcing the connection between active materials and supports is particularly pivotal . In this work as a flexible support Ar plasma...
Carbon fibers was modified by monoaminophthalocyanine covalently for electrode. The electrode achieves high energy density and cycling stability simultaneously. Multiple bending has little effect on electrochemical performance.
S1385894719329523
Wearable electronics and smart garments have attracted increasing attention due to their potential application in health care monitoring artificial intelligence soft robotics etc . However designing robust and flexible wearable electronics that can shield electromagnetic waves and work in all weather environment or eve...
A superhydrophobic and multi responsive fabric composite was prepared. The EMI shielding performance could reach to 56.1dB in the X band. The absorption ratio of electromagnetic waves could account for 30 . The fabric composite exhibited outstanding electro photo thermal effect.
S1385894719329535
The interface polarization are of great important for electromagnetic wave absorption . However the tailored interfacial structure and corresponding effect on EWA remain a huge challenge . Here a novel strategy of constructing interfacial hierarchical structure is reported to unveil such basic relationship . The melami...
Carbon materials with interfacial hierarchical structure were successfully obtained. The excellent microwave absorption is derived from properly interface polarization. The model of interface polarization in dielectric behaviors is proposed. The interface factor is found to be a key factor to balance interface polariza...
S1385894719329547
Metallic solid liquid phase change materials are crucial for the thermal energy storage technology of various industrial systems . However the encapsulation of metallic SLPCMs is still technically difficult . In this pursuit the present research envisaged the development of a novel technology to successfully prepare th...
A novel core Al Si Bi void shell Al. composite PCM was successfully prepared. The Al Si alloy and Al. shell were in situ prepared by the displacement reaction. The void layer was formed by the evaporation of most of the outer Bi in Al Bi alloy. The thermal stability of Al Si Bi Al. was obviously improved due to the voi...
S1385894719329559
Pseudo capacitive materials have attracted great attention as electrode materials for supercapacitor owing to their high specific capacitance high energy densities and high rate capability . However performances of pseudo capacitive materials as transparent flexible supercapacitors are limited due to their non transpar...
Fabrication of Ni mesh network transparent electrode using cracked silica templated. Growth of vertically aligned and intertwined Co OH. @Ni mesh network by electrodeposition. Co OH. @Ni mesh exhibit an area capacitance of 22.9mF cm. at 5mV s. Device demonstrates high energy density 0.42Wh cm. at 8.33W cm. power densit...
S1385894719329560
Metal organic frameworks have been considered as the outstanding templates and precursors in synthesizing advanced cathode materials for supercapacitor . Herein a novel hierarchical structure with hollow Co
Waxberry like MnCo. Co. hierarchical electrodes are rationally constructed. This unique structure provides more abundant reaction sites for faradaic reaction. The MnCo. Co. electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 1100.5Fg. The assembled MnCo. Co. AC supercapacitor achieves an excellent electrochemical property.
S1385894719329572
Lithium metal is considered as the ultimate anode for next generation rechargeable batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential . However the commercial application of lithium anode is hampered by its dendritic growth during the charging process resulted from the unstable li...
The hybrid artificial protective layer is fabricated by a facile method. Uniform plating of modified Li is confirmed by. optical microscopy study. The modified Li anode realizes long term stable cycling with minimal polarization. The modified anode exhibits much improved performance in full battery.
S1385894719329584
Biocompatible stimuli responsive intelligent and efficient drug delivery systems are essential for effectively suppressing cancer and reducing toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs . Herein two strategies have been employed to develop a
Two functional polymer DOX bioconjugates based nano aggregates NAs were prepared. NAs displayed pH and enzyme responsive features and had excellent biocompatibility. NAs entered into 4T1 cells through multiple endocytosis pathways. NAs induced apoptosis by disrupting mitochondria function and actin cytoskeletons. PEGyl...
S1385894719329596
Self healing polymers have drawn significant attention because of their great potential for applications in many fields . It is highly desirable to prepare materials capable of self healing and with excellent mechanical properties . Additionally the flammability of polymers make them unsafe during use . A novel strateg...
The polyurethane elastomers with multiple functions were successfully prepared. The polyurethane elastomers showed ultrahigh strength and excellent self healing. The phosphorus in the network enhanced the flame retarded performance.
S1385894719329626
The growth of bubbles has been extensively studied for decades . However the bubbling inside a single drop on complex surfaces and its subsequent effects on drop are not well understood yet . A systematical investigating of bubbling mechanism in drops on customized microscale pore patterned surfaces is presented and th...
The two kinds of drop behavior under low air pressure were investigated. The critical air pressure for drop expansion was analyzed and experimentally verified. The bubbling mechanism on microscale patterned substrates was illustrated. Two stages of drop expansion driven by bubbling was demonstrated.
S1385894719329638
Solid state electrochemical energy storage devices have attracted tremendous attention because they are widely considered as the promising next generation energy power technology to overcome the current issues of low energy density and insecure safety in conventional liquid devices . The last decade we witnessed notabl...
3D polymer applied in solid state energy storage has been comprehensively reviewed. The synthesis strategy and advantages of 3D polymer for SSCs and SSLIBs are presented. The modification motivation and properties of 3D polymer are stated very carefully. The challenges of future development for 3D polymer is also propo...
S138589471932964X
Calcium oxide is recognized as a promising heterogeneous alkaline for transesterification . Nevertheless equivalent catalytic activity to that of homogeneous alkaline and catalyst stability especially the Ca
High effective and stable catalyst is synthesized by MIL 100 Fe and calcium acetate. Fe and CaFe. qualify CAM750 endowed with strong magnetism of 112emu g. Ca. Fe. and CaFe. are the predominant active sites for CAM750. Ca. is firmly anchored and metal concentration in biodiesel meet limit of EN 14214.
S1385894719329651
Decabromodiphenyl ether is a major brominated flame retardant released from plastics in thermal processing of e waste and there is a significant need for developing effective technologies for its destruction . This study reports a novel treatment for complete debromination and destruction of BDE 209 by adsorbing it ont...
Highly hydrophobic BDE 209 sorbed efficiently on the porous minerals evaluated. Microwave irradiation caused rapid degradation of BDE 209 sorbed on porous minerals. Surface cations in mineral micropores greatly impacted degradation of sorbed BDE 209. Full debromination of sorbed BDE 209 occurred under continuous microw...
S1385894719329663
To facilitate the formation of bicomponent heterostructure here a novel strategy of surface group mediated nucleation reaction is developed to prepare carbon dots embedded BiPO
A green and energy efficient method of boosting heterostructure formation is presented. CDs BiPO. heterostructure shows excellent light absorption and photocatalytic activity. CDs not only act as electron donors but as trapping agent of photogenerated holes. The photoinduced electrons from the heterostructure can activ...
S1385894719329675
A novel multifunctional material of MOF derived porous carbon coated lanthanum oxide had been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal calcination method which used in the simultaneous removal of butylparaben and As . For the single contaminant system the degradation rate of BPB could reach 98 and retain a high removal...
A multifunctional material of La MOF 900 had been synthesized via calcining La MOF. La MOF 900 can remove BPB and As III by combining AOPs and adsorption. La MOF 900 exhibited a high removal rate of BPB and As III from pH 3 to 9. HO. and SO. were all involved in La MOF 900 PS system.
S1385894719329687
In order to increase the selectivity of graphene hydrogel for uranium and ensure its possible application in uranium extraction from complicated systems such as seawater and saline lake brines GH with amidoxime groups needs to be prepared . However it is not an easy task to grafting amidoxime groups on GH . At present ...
PAO GH is prepared to enhance the uranium selectivity of graphene hydrogel . PAO GH is characterized by different methods. The uranium selectivity and sorption capacity of PAO GH increased obviously. Uranium sorption mechanism by PAO GH is revealed by various characterizations. PAO GH has relative high uranium sorption...
S1385894719329717
Permanganate bisulfite process is a novel advanced oxidation process for degradation of micro pollutants in water wastewater treatment . The abatements of iopamidol metribuzin and phenol by the PM BS process after 15s were 65 99 and 99 respectively while no obvious abatements were observed with PM or BS alone . These a...
DO governed removal of micro pollutants in PM BS process. Formed Mn III SO. and HO. contributed to the accelerated degradation. Mn III is the oxidation product of Mn II by SO. Actual DO consumption in the presence of micro pollutants is proposed 1.5 PM
S1385894719329729
Peroxymonosulfate is receiving increasing interest as an oxidant used during the disinfection of drinking water . However it does not have continuous disinfection ability as sodium hypochlorite does . PMS Cl
CX. R type DBP formation is compared between PMS Cl. and NaClO disinfection. CX. R type DBP level in PMS Cl. is lower than that in NaClO disinfection. DBP formation pathway during PMS Cl. disinfection is proposed. The cytotoxicity from DBPs in PMS Cl. is lower than that in NaClO disinfection.
S1385894719329754
In this study a comparison between electrochemically activated peroxomonosulfate and peroxydisulfate using carbon anodes was conducted for the first time . PMS activation was achieved using graphite and multi walled carbon nanotube anodes which significantly promoted the degradation of organic pollutants sulfamethoxazo...
Electrochemically activated PMS significantly enhanced organic pollutants degradation. Compared with PDS electrochemically activated PMS was easier to generate SO. Electrochemically activated PMS exhibited strong resistance towards water background components.
S1385894719329766
Antibody separation and purification methodologies with high separation efficiency large adsorption capacity and high biological activity are challenging . In this study a novel high capacity temperature responsive affinity chromatography method was developed for antibody separation . With temperature responsive dendri...
A novel high capacity TRAC stationary phase was prepared with PAMAM PNIPAM as spacer arms and MEP as ligand. A novel high capacity TRAC methodology was developed and applied for antibody separation. Antibody separation is easy to performed using TRAC only by adjusting the temperature of aqueous mobile phase. The adsorp...
S1385894719329778
Nowadays combined photothermal therapy and imaging diagnosis based on nanotheranostic agents are attracting increasing interest in tumor therapy field . However facile synthesis approach and excellent biocompatibility of the nanoagents are highly desired but still remain a challenge . It is also difficult to eliminate ...
The biocompatible BSA Gd. NPs were developed through biomimetic strategy. Gd and Dy were simultaneously doped into BSA to realize. MR CT imaging. The PDA coated and FA modified NPs performed high photothermal therapy efficiency. The NPs could eliminate the tumor and inhibit the tumor lung metastasis and recurrence.
S138589471932978X
Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity is highly correlated with reactive oxygen species overproduction which greatly limits its clinical therapeutic effects . Therefore identification of agents that are able to mitigate this effect has become an urgent need for cisplatin based cancer therapy . Herein tea polyphenol function...
NPs has been synthesized to reverse cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Microwave assisted method is employed to enhance synthesis yield. NPs possesses potent antioxidant activities. NPs can be rapidly transformed into seleno amino acids.
S1385894719329791
In this work an efficient biocatalyst immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles modified by amino functionalized ionic liquid using dialdehyde starch as cross linker Fe
Laccase was loaded on a novel support using macromolecular crosslinking agent. Immobilized laccase was applied to phenolic compounds biodegradation. Immobilized laccase showed higher enzyme loading activity retention. Immobilized laccase displayed superior enzymatic properties. Immobilized laccase showed high biodegrad...
S1385894719329808
Oil spills in the marine environment frequently reach the coastal zone where active cleanup strategies may become necessary if the rates of natural weathering and attenuation of the stranded oil are considered inadequate . The application of surface washing agents is an operational technique that enhances the separatio...
Oil removal from shoreline is a main challenge in spill pollution control. There is an increase interest in the use of surface washing agents SWAs . This article reviewed the emerging shoreline cleanup technologies using SWAs. A good insight was provided into the performance of SWAs in oil removal. The state of the art...
S138589471932981X
Conductive materials have been incorporated in anaerobic bioreactors to stimulate direct interspecies electron transfer a recently discovered microbial electron sharing network . Previous studies emphasized the significance of electrocatalytic features associated with DIET while research gaps are remaining in the under...
Carbon fibers enhanced methanogenesis rates to different extends under 2055C. Electrocatalytic responses and microbial communities were examined. Both were affected by substrate and temperature variation. Electron transfer rates coincided with methanogenesis rates when fed ethanol. The results also suggested distinct t...
S1385894719329821
Disc donut strippers are widely equipped in fluid catalytic cracking units of petroleum refineries . In this study circumferential gas solids flow heterogeneity in a disc donut catalyst stripper was investigated using both experimental and CFD simulation approaches . A four channel fiber optical densitometry was used t...
Highly circumferential flow heterogeneity identified in FCC disc donut strippers. CPFD model successfully predicted the observed circumferential flow heterogeneity. Distributions of unfluidized zones in disc donut strippers predicted successfully. Full spectrum of particle size distribution a possible key to CPFD model...
S1385894719329845
This paper reported a dynamic model of bubble expansion for predicting the geometry of the entrapped bubble by considering the elasto vicsco plastic rheology properties of the yield stress fluid and the resistance caused by the ambient yielded region . The yielded region caused by the bubble expansion or collapse is ob...
A simplified model for predicting bubble shape in yield stress fluid is established. An experiment to observe shape and entrapment condition of bubbles in Yield stress fluid by reducing vessel pressure is carried out. The yielded region caused by buoyancy depends on liquid yield stress elasticity and bubble volume.
S1385894719329857
The identification of the best possible helical pipe geometry for optimal mixing is challenging since the two central objectives can not be reached simultaneously they lead to concurrent target functions . The present study identifies optimal configurations using multi objective optimization for the flow of two miscibl...
Optimization was done to maximize mixing and minimize pressure drop in helical pipes. Using a fully automatized optimization code coupled with CFD simulations. All geometrical parameters of helical pipes were widely varied. The optimal range of Reynolds number between 20 and 60 was considered. Optimal configurations we...
S1385894719329869
By now magnetic porous carbon based composites have almost dominated recent development of electromagnetic wave absorbers . Herein we report on the fabrication of magnetic carbon foams via in situ polymerization of iron acetylacetonate
Magnetic porous graphitic carbon based foams are synthesized. Ultralight EMW absorbers with strong capacity broad frequency and thin thickness. The mechanism of the EMW absorption behavior has been discussed in depth. Effect of internal cell wall thickness on EMW absorption behavior is investigated. Effective adsorptio...
S1385894719329870
Fine manipulation of fluid flows at the microscale has a tremendous impact on mass transport phenomena of chemical and biological processes inside microfluidic platforms . Fluid mixing in the laminar flow regime at low Reynolds number is poorly effective due to the inherently slow diffusive mechanism . As a strategy to...
Soft organic micromotors generate viscoelastic effects in microchannels. Mass transport in microchannels is enhanced thanks to viscoelastic effects. Mass transport during mixing improves using catalytic soft organic micromotors. A physical model of the experimental data is presented.
S1385894719329882
Maximization of the energy capability of energetic materials by organizing energetic moieties into dense arrangements is of great significance . In this study two novel high energy regioisomers 3 4bis furoxan and 3 4bis furoxan were synthesized by employing controllable synthetic strategy . The constitutional isomers w...
Two novel high energy regioisomers are synthesized via ingenious construction strategy. A regioisomer exhibits the highest crystal density among CHNOF compounds reported thus far. The structure analysis shows how the. oxide position affects their densities. This study demonstrates regiochemical modulation could be a po...
S1385894719329894
The use of microreactors in catalytic processes offers new possibilities for studying and optimizing many mass and photon transfer limited reactions . In this study we propose a scalable computational fluid dynamics model for the prediction of photocatalytic degradation of a model pollutant using immobilized N doped Ti...
Photocatalytic degradation of 4 nitrophenol in microreactor under solar irradiation. The used CFD model incorporates total recirculation mode of operation. The CFD model accounts for adsorption in the dark. The CFD model predicts experimental data in a wide range of reactant concentrations.
S1385894719329900
Membrane technology has gained great attention as one of the promising strategies for carbon capture and separation . Intended for such application membrane fabrication from various materials has been attempted . While gas separation membranes based on dense polymeric materials have been long developed there is a growi...
Criteria in selecting microporous meterials for CO. separation membrane is given. The membrane fabrication based on MOFs POFs TR polymers and PIMs is summarized. The membrane performance in CO. separation under differents conditions is analyzed. The challenge and perspective for future development are pointed out.
S1385894719329912
Hard carbon is one of most promising anode materials used in sodium ion batteries because of its high low voltage plateau capacity . Heteroatom doping into the carbon structure is considered an effective method to enhance the Na
High temperature carbonization with low level heteroatom doping was developed. P doped carbon exhibited enhanced low voltage plateau capacity of 223mAhg. in SIBs. High reversible capacity of 328mAhg. with high ICE of 72 was achieved in SIBs. As an anode in KIBs high reversible capacity of 302mAhg. was achieved.
S1385894719329936
Toxic arsenic species cycle in the geochemical process are strongly influenced by iron and manganese elements thus understanding mutual transformation of multiple Fe Mn redox states is essential to predict the redox transformation and sequestration of arsenic in natural environment . Herein a nanosized magnetic mesopor...
Magnetic Nanosized MMIM were successfully fabricated via the hard template method. Nanosized MMIM possessed highly well ordered inner connected structure and large surface area. Nanosized MMIM exhibited excellent catalytic performance for As III oxidation. Surface bound. Fe II content was greatly associated to the amou...
S138589471932995X
A novel route to decompose glucose to 5 hydroxymethylfurfural in microreactors with the use of deep eutectic solvents was reported . For the catalytic mechanism synergistic effects between quaternary ammonium ionic liquids and inorganic salts on the dehydration of glucose to 5 HMF were revealed . Under the optimal reac...
Continuous synthesis of 5 HMF in microreactors was realized with using DESs. Synergistic effects of applied ionic liquids and inorganic salts were revealed. CrCl. in tetraethyl ammonium chloride ethylene glycol presented high catalytic performance. A complete kinetic model for 5 HMF production through glucose dehydrati...
S1385894719329985
The search for efficient cheap and robust sorbent materials which can effectively remove iodine compounds from off gas streams in used nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities is still challenging . Herein we report the development of bismuth doped mordenite zeolite with different loadings for removal of iodine 129
Development of bismuth doped mordenite adsorbents with various bismuth loadings. Higher surface area and porosity for the bismuth modernite than that for bare mordenite. 2.5 fold increase in iodine capacity for bismuth modernite than that for bare mordenite. 36 of iodine release to water from the iodine loaded adsorben...
S1385894719330001
Oil spills especially high viscous oil are a major environmental threat due to their high adhesive nature which can lead to the easy fouling of filtration membranes . Superhydrophilic membranes fabricated from bioinspired materials with superior wettability behavior are considered effective in removing soluble insolubl...
Efficient antifouling and oil water separation materials designed with superoleophobicity. Naturally obtained carrageenan and a nanoclay laponite used to fabricate membrane. Self assembled membranes exhibited pore size about 50nm. High flux underwater superoleophobic and high contact angles obtained. Metal ion also rem...
S1385894719330013
While most papers focuses on catalysts improvement this paper is about a kinetic model based on a new reaction scheme to explain the transformation of ethanol acetaldehyde to butadiene and side products . The reaction scheme presented here is more complex than the route usually presented in the literature
Experimental butadiene production overTa. SiO. Development of a kinetic model for the conversion of ethanol into butadiene. Elaboration of two routes to explain butadiene formation. Elaboration of a reaction scheme for butadiene and side products. Very good agreement between experimental and simulated values for most c...
S1385894719330025
In the present study graphene oxide intercalated layered double hydroxide based adsorbent was synthesized for effective and selective adsorption of lead . Graphene oxide was intercalated in a controlled manner in the interlayer space of magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxide which enhanced the adsorption capacity...
Tuning of intercalation of GO in interlayer of MgAl LDH has been demonstrated. GO intercalated MgAl LDH incorporated polymeric beads are prepared. Phase inversion in polydopamine restricts leaching of nanoparticles from beads. Polydopamine modifies bead morphology favoring lead adsorption. The composite bead exhibits s...
S1385894719330049
Improving the stability of hybrid organic inorganic halide perovskite materials is urgent and essential for their applications in optoelectronic devices . Here we introduce
Reveal the behavior of BAI as guest molecule slicing PbI. precursor. Growth mechanism of 2D 3D perovskite via two step process was discussed in detail. Stability and efficiency of MAPbI. perovskite solar cells were efficiently improved.
S1385894719330050
Understanding interactions between constituent distributions and reactive transport processes in catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell is crucial for improving cell performance and reducing cell cost . In this study high resolution porous structures of cathode CL are reconstructed where all the constitue...
Pore scale reactive transport processes in catalyst layer are numerically studied. High resolution porous structures of multiphase catalyst layer are reconstructed. Complex pore ionomer interfacial reactive transport processes are considered. Optimum ionomer content generating best cell performance is evaluated. Optimu...
S1385894719330062
Conjugated microporous polymers have gained great attention because of high surface area and permanent pores with good gas adsorption capability but most of them are hard to disperse in water and thus barely used in sewage disposal . Herein we adopt sulfonation to post synthesis sulfonate grafted CMPs which possess une...
Sulfonate grafted CMPs exhibit fast adsorption capacity on aqueous dyes. The maximum adsorption of sulfonate grafted CMPs on cationic dyes reaches 1650mg g. Sulfonate grafted CMPs absorb 97 of MB 100mg L in 25min.
S1385894719330074
Colorimetric methods for Fe determination based on complexation of heterocyclic amines such as phenanthroline and ferrozine have been widely used for analysis of iron species in solution which is critical to discuss the mechanism of Fenton and related reaction systems . However the reliability of both methods in the ba...
Fe II in Fenton systems could be overestimated by classical colorimetric methods. Phen and FZ accelerate Fe III reduction by H. The addition NH. F could improve the stability and accuracy of both protocols.
S1385894719330098
Although rechargeable Al batteries attract interests due to their features of abundant Al source and high safety the Al negative electrodes suffer from critical problems including dendrite corrosion pulverization non recyclable Al wastes etc . For addressing these challenges here a novel liquid gallium is demonstrated ...
Liquid gallium is firstly used as the negative electrode for Al ion batteries. The Al storage mechanism i.e. the reversible alloying dealloying has been demonstrated. This liquid Ga negative electrode shows no dendrite and no corrosion merits during repeated cycling. No pulverization problem appears after long term cyc...
S1385894719330104
Recently lithiumsulfur batteries achieve incredible research interest owing to outstanding theoretical storage capacity abundant resources economical and ecological affability . Nonetheless the real usage of LS battery obstructs by shuttling effect of soluble lithium based polysulfides that result in languid redox reac...
Facile hot to cold synthesis of TiN and S nanoparticles composite as cathode materials. DFT based calculation of diffusion barrier for TiN for Li and S. Experimental Li S battery outstanding performances. Short diffusion pathways charge density distribution and charge transfer attribution.
S1385894719330116
High theoretical specific capacity good electrical conductivity intrinsically stable metallic nature excellent thermal stability and corrosion resistance enable vanadium carbide as a promising anode material for sodium ion and lithium ion batteries . However drastic structural change during cycling and poor electrochem...
A novel anode material of vanadium. P co doped carbon nanosheet was prepared. This anode showed excellent electrochemical performances in lithium and sodium ion batteries. Working mechanisms of this anode in lithium and sodium ion batteries were revealed.
S138589471933013X
Titanium dioxide recently gained attention as sodium ion battery anode material . However its practical application is hindered by low specific capacity and mediocre cycling stability . Here we report for the first time nanointerface driven Na ion intercalation pseudocapacitance tuning as a strategy to substantially im...
Nanointerface driven pseudocapacitance boosted Na ion storage performance. Anatase bronze nanointerfaces resulted Na ion intercalation pseudocapacitance. Hybrid TiO. anode exhibited 12 fold higher pseudocapacitancethan previous reports. This strategy provides new opportunitiesto design advanced Na ion battery anodes.
S1385894719330177
The performances of a photocatalyst in volatile organic compound adsorption photon harvesting and charge separation largely determine its VOC mineralization efficiency . To simultaneously optimize these properties this work constructed a hollow heterophase junction by coating anatase TiO
Anatase TiO. hollow spheres were coated with porous amorphous TiO. The content of micropores and mesopores was greatly increased. The formed heterophase junction redshifted the light absorption edge. The formed heterophase junction enhanced the charge separation. Mineralization efficiency of toluene and acetone was sig...
S1385894719330190
In this study composite CoMgFe LDO catalyst was synthesized from layered double hydroxides precursor and tested as a heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for carbamazepine degradation . X ray powder diffraction scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer and X ray photoelectron spectrosc...
CoMgFe LDO PMS system possessed excellent catalytic performance for CBZ degradation. Characterization catalytic efficiency and recyclability of CoMgFe LDO were investigated. The catalytic mechanism of CoMgFe LDO PMS system was proposed. The possible degradation pathways of CBZ were proposed.
S1385894719330207
Biochar was mixed with natural pyrite to catalyze the Fenton like oxidation of herbicide 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid so as to accelerate the degradation reaction . The accelerating effects of two biochars with different adsorption capacities were compared . The biochars functions on accelerating the oxidation were i...
Biochar accelerated 2 4 D degradation using pyrite as the Fenton like catalyst. Biochar increased the production of. OH in the Fenton like system. The mechanism related to the increased production of. OH was investigated. The Fenton like oxidation of 2 4 dichlorophenol was also accelerated by biochar.
S1385894719330256
Adsorption using monolithic adsorbents is an attractive emerging technology for water treatment but it still remains a great challenge to facilely combine microscopically a well developed surface functionality with a macroscopic architecture . In this work we reported a simple low cost and effective method for construc...
Crosslinked polyethyleneimines were nearly perfectly coated on melamine sponge. The present method was simple cost saving and suitable for scalable production. The resulting. MS exhibited excellent structural flexibility and stability. MS was highly efficient for batch and column adsorption of Pb II and AR18. MS was a ...
S1385894719330268
A distinctive catalyst R N Fe was synthesized by anchoring iron phthalocyanine covalently on chloromethylated polystyrene beads which were pre functionalized by 4 aminopyridine . Herein pyridyl groups grafted on resins act as the axial fifth ligands to coordinate with FePc molecules . The obtained catalyst was characte...
FePc molecules was successfully immobilized on polystyrene resins to obtain a bioinspired catalyst. Pyridyl groups grafted on resins served as the axial fifth ligands to coordinate with FePc. SO. and. OH species played the main role in the presence of PMS. Possible mechanisms were proposed to explain the catalytic perf...
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The development of simple and effective approaches for the synthesis of bimetallic oxide heterojunction photocatalyst which are used to activate peroxymonosulfate under visible light driven is highly feasible but remains a great challenge . In this work the Co
Novel highly efficient visible light driven photocatalytic system Co. CeO. PMS is prepared. 87.8 of CIP could be removed within 50min visible illumination. The addition of PMS produced the synergetic effect in Co. CeO. photocatalytic system. A plausible degradation pathway for CIP was proposed. The in depth mechanisms ...
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Lithium nitrate has been highlighted as a high temperature phase change material with the melting temperature of 256C for the applications of thermal energy storage . However low thermal conductivity and corrosive property of lithium nitrate needs to be improved for wide applications . This report experimentally invest...
High thermal conductive lithium nitrate phase change composite was fabricated. Porous CuO nanowires on the folded Cu meshes were utilized as scaffolds. 6.7 times higher thermal conductivities were achieved with 7vol filler materials. 1.3 times higher heat charging and discharging rates were monitored in heat storage.
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The present study reports the formation of alumina based inorganic layer via soft plasma discharges for optimizing chemical stability and catalytic activity together . Alkaline silicate electrolyte with complexing agent is formulated to soften the destructive nature of plasma discharges in water . The presence of compl...
Destructive nature of high energy plasma in water is controlled by modulating EDL. Porosity of Al. based inorganic layer is adjustable by soft plasma discharges. Corrosion is delayed by aluminosilicate compounds with compact structure. Catalytic activity towards organic dye is enabled via homolytic cleavage of H. An op...
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Micro fluidized bed technology is a newly emerging technique that is receiving increasing interest for various industrial applications . MFB is generally characterized by the use of inner diameters
Hydrodynamic diagnosis from large to micro fluidized beds is performed. Time frequency analysis of PFS is firstly used to monitor fluidization of MFB. Five regimes from fixed bed to turbulent fluidization are identified in MFBs. and. are increased while. is decreased with reducing
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Herein a novel mountain soursop seeds powder adsorbent was employed to explore the adsorption mechanism of two relevant environmental pollutants crystal violet CV and methylene blue MB . As a first assessment to investigate the adsorption mechanism and to analyze the performance of this adsorbent the dye adsorption iso...
Preparation and characterization of a novel adsorbent for dyes adsorption. The adsorption was performed via a mixed orientation. Chracterization of the dyes adsorption mechanism via adsorption energy.
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Most of present studies are focusing on improving cancer therapy effect by synthesizing new carriers or drugs while little attention is paid to develop new drug loading patterns and improve the efficiency . Herein a novel and smart nanosystem that not only realized targeted delivery and responsive degradation but also ...
A novel and smart nanosystem realizing drug visual loading was reported. Targeted delivery responsive biodegradation and drug release were achieved. The first experimental example to treat cancer migration with MnO. was reported. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed excellent cancer therapy effect.
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The use of intumescent flame retardant coatings is one of the most highly effective methods for polymeric materials to improve their fire safety . However organic IFR coatings show negative effect in a large amount of heat and smoke release during the char forming process . Developing nanocomposite coatings that can re...
Modified MXene is dispersed well in coating due to the co cross linking networks. MXene efficiently enhances the flame retardancy via barrier and catalytic effects. Coated RPU foams show fast self extinguished behavior and smoke suppression. Thermal induced insulating fireproof layers are rapidly formed against the fir...
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A major challenge for effective decontamination of arsenate from aqueous solution is the development of adsorbent possessing enormous high active sites with strong affinity to realize both high adsorption capacity and reduction of arsenate down to permissive levels . Here we demonstrate that this challenge may be overc...
Mn doped La. CO. MnL exhibited superior arsenate capture capacity of 555.6mg g. The residual of As V was well below the permissive value for drinking water. Doping with Mn atoms enhanced adsorption sites and reduced adsorption energy. Surface complex and anion exchange dominated As V removal at low As V MnL ratios. For...
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Aromatic organoarsenic compounds are widely used as animal feed additives worldwide . Their concentration in waters is often much lower than the ubiquitous anions or natural organic matters
exhibited selective adsorption towards. ASA over the ubiquitous anions. Humic acid exerted negligible influence on. ASA removal due to size exclusion. was fully refreshed for repeated use without loss in adsorption efficiency. produced 680bedvolume clean water successively in column adsorption.
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Microbial protein can alleviate the increasing pressure of food demand on agriculture and our environment . For its sustainable production feedstocks such as biomethane or hydrogen are needed . Here we coupled biogas produced from agricultural waste directly with electrochemical biogas upgrading to subsequently produce...
Electrochemical upgraded biogas was used for microbial protein production. CO. and CH. were used simultaneously as carbon sources in mixed cultures. Upgraded cathode off gas generates more microbial protein than raw biogas.
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An enhanced hydrolysis process has been proposed as a promising pretreatment method for removing high concentrations of antibiotics from production wastewater . Herein the prediction of hydrolysis efficiency and reactive moieties of 14 fermentative antibiotics belonging to six classes were investigated at 85C under dif...
Energy gap of antibiotics was one of the key factors to predict hydrolysis potential. Some hydrolysis moieties were related to the active antibacterial groups of antibiotics. Enhanced hydrolysis could remove antibacterial activity in wastewater.
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Oxygen and reactive oxygen species produced during algal photosynthesis are important electron acceptors in photosynthetic algal microbial fuel cell cathodes . In this study spongy and petaline ZnO
The optimal Zn to Ni molar ratio for fabricating. cathodes is 0.2. carbon felt cathodes have a higher surface area than carbon felt. P n heterojunctions in. cathodes increases oxygen adsorption. ROS adsorption capacity can be an evaluation indicator for PAMFC cathodes.
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In the electrocoagulation process of the heavy metal wastewater treatment the acquisition of the heavy metal ions concentration at outlet requires long term analysis resulting in delayed control of the process and many other continuing problems . This study focuses on establishing the prediction model of heavy metal io...
A novel kinetics model of the electrocoagulation process is established. Parameters optimization method is proposed to optimize the unknown parameters. Data based ANNs ARIMA model is applied to compensate the kinetics model errors. The proposed models are verified based on the actual industrial process data.
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There are increasing demands for self healing anti corrosion coatings with high efficiency and durability in various industrial applications . Recently eumelanin polymers especially polydopamine based nanostructures have been served as a mussel inspired strategy to provide such requirements due to the intrinsic adhesiv...
PDA Zn complex nanospheres were tailored on the graphene oxide sheets. PDA and Zn II reduced the corrosion rate of both cathodic and anodic reactions. GO PDA Zn nanocomposites exhibited excellent ion capturing releasing properties. GO PDA Zn EP showed robust self healing anti corrosion properties.
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Black phosphorus is a new two dimensional material with attractive nanoscale chemical and physical properties . Herein black phosphorus dotted with silver nanoparticles was synthesized via a facile and in suit chemical reduction approach without reductant . The tribological properties of as prepared Ag BP nanocomposite...
Black phosphorus dotted with Ag nanoparticles is synthesized by a facial and in suit chemical reduction approach. The nanocomposite of Ag BP is an excellent lubricant additive achieving ultralow friction and excellent wear resistance. Ag BP can act as a catalyst to decompose the base PAO oil forming a carbon based trib...
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The selective aerobic oxygenation of organic sulfides under mild conditions represents one of the most important chemical transformations because of a wide variety of applications of sulfoxides . However this reaction is very challenging to be implemented by conventional semiconductor photocatalysis . Herein polydopami...
TiO. surface complex photocatalysis can carry out a reaction in a redox active solvent. Turnover number in terms of dopamine precursor can be as large as 275. Visible light photocatalytic selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides has been achieved on TiO. @PDA. TEMPO could improve the endurance of TiO. @P...
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Humic acid can affect the adsorption modes of CLDHs and change the form of pollutants making it a key factor when considering CLDHs for practical applications . However the complicated and uncertain structures of HA make it difficult to explore how they will influence the mechanism so using simple compounds to simulate...
Seven compounds were selected to simulate the effect of HA on CLDHs adsorption. Models promote the adsorption and regeneration of Mg CLDH but destroy the morphology. Models inhibit the sorption of Ca CLDH but no inhibition of structural transformation. The effect of model is different from HA the inhibition of HA is st...
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Removing gaseous formaldehyde using photocatalyst oxidation is of great interest . Herein a photocatalytic fuel cell with a rotating photoanode was proposed for gaseous HCHO degradation with the features of efficient absorption fast oxidation and humidity less sensitivity . The results indicated that the as fabricated ...
A rotating PFC system with high capacity for gaseous HCHO adsorption was proposed. The rotating PFC system displayed an excellent gaseous HCHO degradation capacity. The system exhibited less sensitive on ambient humidity. Degradation of gaseous HCHO was concurrently achieved with energy recovery. A liquid film air puri...
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The overuse of refractory antibiotics in animal husbandry has caused serious aqueous environment pollution . Polymeric carbon nitride based photocatalysis a promising method to address antibiotic pollution issues has encountered with restricted efficiency because of the sluggish charge transfer and unexploited water ma...
Cu CNF with the efficient MLCTs exhibits enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. Visible light absorption and exciton dissociation are intensified in Cu CNF. The C Cl and C N C moiety of CTC HCl are initially attacked in degradation process. NO. N and NH. N restrain the removal efficiency of CTC HCl in the swine wastewater...
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A promising strategy to treat wastewater containing heavy metal complexes is to employ oxidation processes before carrying out the conventional processes . Metal ion catalyzed oxidation processes have been confirmed to be suitable for the remediation of wastewater . However the treatment of HMCs by MICOPs has seldom at...
Efficiency of various oxidation processes in Cu. EDTA decomplexation is evaluated. Co. peroxymonosulfate PMS performed the best among tested oxidation processes. Decomplexation mechanism of Cu. EDTA by Co. PMS is discussed.
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Perfluorooctanoic acid is a persistent and bioaccumulative refractory organic pollutant which has aroused great concern on its environmental fate . Herein inspired by biomimetic materials a preeminent heterogeneous catalyst iron porphyrin loaded biochar BC was constructed to activate persulfate for PFOA degradation . M...
Inspired by biomimetic materials a heterogeneous catalyst was constructed based on iron porphyrin loaded biochar. The system degraded PFOA rapidly and effectively and the degradation pathways and reaction mechanism were proposed. The system could maintain the efficient degradation under original strong acidic condition...
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The amide condensation reaction is crucial for preparing biological probes with a polypeptide backbone . The traditional condensation reaction requires the monomer and condensing agent to be pre mixed and activated by physical agitation mixing which entail long time require many reagents and yield several by products ....
A novel square wave micromixer is designed through introducing sidewall grooves. Mixing is significantly improved at low. with the proposed mixer 90 at. 40 . The proposed micromixer is successfully used as a microreactor for carboxylic acid activation. synthesis of polypeptide array demonstrates the practicability of t...
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EulerianLagrangian numerical scheme is applied for analysing packed bed structure constructions involving non spherical solids such as metallurgical cokes and ferrous ores and the high temperature softening characteristics of such beds . 3D scanning is applied for determining the coke and ore shapes and a multi sphere ...
New 3D dynamic model for a packed structure with coke and ore is proposed. It can predict the packed bed permeability even with softening ore. Gas permeability characteristics of ore layer shapes in ironmaking process discussed. The local pressure drop was estimated from the geometrical data of softening packed bed str...
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Improving the conductivity stability of flexible conductors has a positive impact on the working performance and service life of portable electronic devices . However designing a conductor material with both conductivity stable and flexible performance is still not an easy task because of the conductive network damage ...
Flexible and transparent conductor film was assembled via an integration strategy. The CRC film exhibited super stable conductivity even in harsh environments. The CRC film based strain sensor was demonstrated.
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Self healable and stretchable electrolytes are extremely desirable for next generation flexible energy storage devices . Nevertheless most of previously reported autonomous self healing electrolytes possess only moderate mechanical strength and recoverability as well as poor ionic conductivity and low operating voltage...
Self stand ionogels are designed based on a dual dynamic network. The ionogels possess high self healing efficiency with excellent stretchability. The ionogels own high ionic conductivity and operating voltage window. MSCs was prepared with ionogels acting as electrolyte and substrate simultaneously. The capacitance re...
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Over the past few decades extensive usage of electronic devices have led to the ubiquitous occurrence of electromagnetic waves which have posed a significant hazard to human health and surrounding environment . Most of the currently developed electromagnetic wave absorption materials present serious drawbacks and it is...
A sea cucumber like hollow structured fibrous composite was finally obtained. The facile microwave assisted strategy was developed to fabricate the sample. It exhibited the optimum absorption with a reflection loss value of 41.4dB. This represents an alternative approach to design novel absorption materials.
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Potassium ion batteries are regarded as a promising energy storage appliance for large scale applications due to their abundant K reserves and fast K
H K. Mn. Mg. is prepared by a facile resorcinolformaldehyde method. Electrochemical property and reaction kinetic of H K. Mn. Mg. are explored. H K. Mn. Mg. exhibits a single phase reaction upon K. insertion extraction. H K. Mn. Mg. hard carbon full cell delivers 127.9Whkg. at 100mAg
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Nickel cobalt sulfides are deemed as promising electrode materials for energy storage devices due to their rich redox active sites as well as superior conductivity . Herein we report P doped
assemblies are prepared through facile one step solvothermal route and a subsequent phosphorization process. The as obtained product as electrode material shows a specific capacity of 1026 C g. at current density of 1Ag. An asymmetric supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 131.40 Wh kg. at 1355.37Wkg. The superio...
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Aqueous Mg ion batteries attract lots of attention due to its high safety low cost and potential application for large scale energy storage system . Although spinel type metal oxides display their capable Mg ions storage behavior low diffusion ability extremely hinder their practical application . Herein low cost MgFe
Low cost MgFe. Mn. nanoparticles were prepared via a facile so gel route. MgFe. Mn. exhibited good rate ability and cycling stability. MgFe. Mn. displays Mg ions diffusion coefficients of 2.5510. cm
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Highly chemical stable and antibacterial materials are desirable for bone reconstruction and packaging applications . Crosslinked polymer inorganic materials have attracted significant attention in this respect owing to their low cost simplicity and excellent mechanical properties . Up to this work it remains challengi...
A new approach is designed for crosslinked polymer inorganic hybrid films. Corrosion resistance is remarkably improved with compact structure. Potential antibacterial performance is enhanced via crosslinking agents. An optimum combination of protective and antibacterial activity together is accomplished.
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The challenges for preparing metal single atoms catalysts are facile synthesis approaches and the suitable supports with strong coordination to stabilize MSAs . Herein we reported a facile strategy to synthesize the Ru single atoms through the dynamic transformation from clusters to single atoms by combining the electr...
Ru SAs were. synthesized by the dynamic transformation from clusters. The formation of RuNC bonds plays an important role for anchoring the Ru SAs. The transformation can be controlled by the treatment time and temperatures. Ru SAs exhibit superior HER activity with overpotential of 34mV 20mAcm. .
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In the framework of thermochemical energy storage in concentrating solar power plants the calcium looping process carried out in fluidized bed reactors is receiving increasing research interest due to the high energy density and the extremely low price nontoxicity and wide availability of natural CaO precursors . One o...
Fine limestone has been tested for TCES CSP for its superior mutlicyclic stability. TCES CaL of fine limestone has been performed in a lab scale fluidized bed rig. Acoustic perturbation has been used to overcome the strong interparticle forces. The sound application enhances the carbonation performances of fine limesto...
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A potential source of energy is encapsulated in the form of natural gas hydrates found in the diverse permafrost and marine geological settings . To understand the hydrate dynamics we articulate a rigorous mathematical formulation by contemplating the pervasive role of indigenous elements including porous material and ...
Proposed a rigorous formulation for gas hydrate formation and growth. Addressed several practically relevant issues of porous media and saltwater. Validated with data generated in reservoir mimicking environment at south China sea. Observed a promising performance at the wide range of conditions.
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Battery supercapacitor hybrid devices are emerging wide application in new energy storage electric vehicles and other fields with excellent performance in energy storage and power amplifier . However the development of suitable cathode materials is far from being satisfactory and limits the performance . Here we demons...
The Ni. nanowires were synthesized by one step hydrothermal. High conductivity of Ni. nanowires was confirmed by four probe tests and DFT. The Ni. AC hybrid device has an energy density of 108.2 Wh kg. and power density of 8.96 kW kg
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Nanostructure construction and composition tuning are two effective methods to accelerate electrochemical reaction kinetics and increase electroactive sites of nickel cobalt selenides nanoarrays . Herein we have successfully designed and fabricated the P Se
The unique nanoarchitecture with PBA derived nanocubes anchored on nanowires and nanoflakes are rationally constructed. The proper P incorporation in Ni Co Se. could greatly increase the electrochemical properties. The operating potential of hybrid supercapacitor could be extended to 1.8V. The P Ni Co Se. ZC device sho...