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S1385894720317873 | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like phenanthrene and pyrene are found ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems . This study has attempted to investigate mechanistic features of simultaneous degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by the yeast | Co biodegradation of two PAHs phenanthrene and pyrene using yeast. Formulation of kinetic model for cell growth accounting for self and cross inhibition. Kinetic parameters revealed strong competitive cross inhibition between two substrates. Inhibition induced by pyrene on cell growth was higher than phenanthrene. Meta... |
S1385894720317885 | Bridging heteroatoms on the surface of electrocatalysts aiming to modify the surface atomic and electronic configuration is of prime importance to improve the electrocatalytic performance . The present work establishes Co P bridging on the surface of Co | P Co. with optimized OER performance were developed through Co P bridging. The electron transfer was manipulated by controlling the molar ratio of P Co. Co P bridging can facilitate the formation of abundant Co. and oxygen vacancies. Co P bridging can induce stronger electronic interactions in the catalysts. Co P bridg... |
S1385894720317897 | A flame retardant and superhydrophobic coating was deposited on cotton fabrics using a simple two step spraying method . In detailed the first step involved flame retardant layer consisted of alkylammonium functional silsesquioxane phytic acid complex while the second step generated superhydrophobic layer that was comp... | Flame retardant and superhydrophobic coatings were constructed on cotton fabrics by a facile two step method. The treated cotton showed super flame retardancy in terms of self extinguishing behavior. The peak heat release rate of the treated cotton was significantly reduced by 70 compared to pure cotton. The treated co... |
S1385894720317915 | Bacteria associated infection blood coagulation inflammation tissue adhesion and weak surface lubrication are major issues challenging the biomedical application of silicone rubber based catheters . Here we report a new strategy to simultaneously address these issues by fabricating a simple zwitterionic active ester co... | Novel zwitterionic active ester block polymer coating. New strategy to confer multiple functions to silicone based biomaterials. Robust long term antibacterial ability with excellent antifouling ability. Significantly suppressed inflammation with good lubricating property. |
S1385894720317927 | In the work a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was proposed for sensitive and rapid detection of nitrofurazone . The sensor was modified with Cr | Biomass carbon Ag NPs and Cr MIL 101 derived Cr. were used to enhance conductivity. MOF derived metal oxides retain the MOF morphology. Bifunctional monomers were used to enhance the specificity of MIP for NFZ. Wide linear range of 510. 110. M were obtained along with low detection limit of 310. M. |
S1385894720317939 | The production of hydrogen from the photoreforming of methanol was essayed using an anatase based system having Pt nanoparticles and a Zr doped anatase high surface area support . The production of hydrogen was quantitatively analyzed using the quantum efficiency parameter under UV and visible illumination conditions .... | Pt Zr TiO. tested under UV and Visible light hydrogen photo production. A 2.5mol. of Zr optimizes activity under all illumination conditions tested. Zr does not affect the mechanism of the reaction. Zr alters charge carrier recombination and hole related generation of OH radicals. Zr doping renders the up to date maxim... |
S1385894720317940 | Natural materials have enlightened us to assemble brittle building blocks into specific architectures with both high strength and toughness . As the main inorganic component of the bone and tooth hydroxyapatite materials have a high biocompatibility but usually have a high brittleness . It is still a big challenge to a... | A biomimetic highly ordered hierarchical fiberboard and mortar nanocomposite is reported. Ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires form multiscale and multilevel highly ordered hierarchical structure. The as prepared nanocomposite exhibits superior mechanical properties such as high strength and high toughness. The as prepar... |
S1386505619303491 | To achieve high performing emergency medical services planning is of vital importance . EMS planners face several challenges when managing ambulance stations and the fleet of ambulances . In this paper three strategic cases for EMS planners are presented together with potential solutions . In the first case the effects... | Three managerial cases of EMS are studied using a strategic ambulance station location and ambulance allocation model. The model and methodology can easily be applied to similar studies and different areas. Different techniques from operations research are combined to support decision making within EMS. |
S1386505619308366 | Clinicians write a billion free text notes per year . These notes are typically replete with errors of all types . No established automated method can extract data from this treasure trove . The practice of medicine therefore remains haphazard and chaotic resulting in vast economic waste . | We tested computer program based on the lexeme hypotheses. Notes generated by the system were more complete grammatical and organized. Notes were generated at a faster rate than traditional methods. The system prompted users to consider practice advisories in a timely fashion. Notes were completely computer readable. |
S1386505619309219 | The planning of hospital beds is among the most debated problems in healthcare . Despite being an important issue many initiatives have failed to sustain services improvements resulting in high costs and also high refusal rates . The stochastic problem involves conflicting criteria therefore we propose a Simulation Opt... | A Simulation Optimisation technique is used to allocate hospital beds. Evolutionary Algorithms and Discrete Event Simulation are combined to solve a problem of hospital bed capacity. Use of Parallel Simulation to improve the performance of a Simulation Optimisation model applied in healthcare. An application of Simulat... |
S1386505619309463 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a common chronic respiratory disease related to inflammation affected by harmful gas and particulate matter in the air . Mathematical prediction models between COPD and air pollutants are helpful for early identification individualized interventions to slow disease progression a... | We investigated the relationship between air pollution and the occurrence of COPD acute exacerbation. PM2.5 and SO2 are the most important factors contributing to improving the prediction accuracy of our model. Multiple locally weighted linear regression algorithm is used to build prediction model. Use of k means algor... |
S1386505620302070 | Wikipedia contains rich biomedical information that can support medical informatics studies and applications . Identifying the subset of medical articles of Wikipedia has many benefits such as facilitating medical knowledge extraction serving as a corpus for language modeling or simply making the size of data easy to w... | Crawling classification accurately identified medical articles from Wikipedia even the prevalence was as low as 1.5 . 93 420 articles on medicine were identified from the 2020 05 01 dump of Wikipedia and classified into 7 categories by semantic groups. The crawling classification strategy exhibited far superior perform... |
S1386505620302276 | This paper augments the technology acceptance model by empirically investigating the influence of behavioral traits and cognitive beliefs on patients behavioral intention to accept technology in healthcare service delivery . Despite increased emphasis on healthcare service delivery there has been limited studies as to ... | The research investigates the role of trust and privacy concerns by augmenting Technology Acceptance Model TAM . Structural equation model is employed to model the effects and influences and survey data from healthcare recipients in New Delhi India is utilized. The research provides an empirical contribution to the lit... |
S1386505620304056 | Accessing and receiving quality healthcare in an unfamiliar health system is a significant challenge for many new immigrants and refugees . This study aims to provide a three phase model to develop a web based health information website that helps populations with limited English proficiency increase health literacy an... | Readability tests can be a useful tool for revising health information to increase readability. Online health information should be simplified and tailored to the needs of those with LEP. Basic health information should be written in simple English before being translated into other languages. |
S138650562030407X | In the last years multidisciplinary post discharge treatment programs such as telemonitoring have been promoted as a strategy for Heart Failure management . However the distinctive requirements that a telemonitoring system should have have not been clearly identified . To this aim the most relevant requirements for tel... | A telemonitoring system SiTe iC based on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Heart Failure management. The SiTe iC system is efficient to follow up heart failure patients. The SiTe iC system improves self care patients. The SiTe iC system has the potential to prevent rehospitalizations. |
S1386505620304883 | Electronic cigarettes usage has surged substantially across the globe particularly among adolescents and young adults . The ever increasing prevalence of social media makes it highly convenient to access and engage with content on numerous substances including e cigarettes . A comprehensive dataset of 560 414 image pos... | Prevalence of photos in online spaces make them highly engaging. Large scale analysis of substance use images remain limited so far. We use machine learning methods to study Vaping images on Instagram. Most of the images depicted e liquids e cigarettes or vaporizers and selfies. Instagram is widely used to promote vapi... |
S1438422119302449 | Bacterial outer membrane vesicles play a vital role in the mechanism of hostpathogen communication while emerging evidence suggests that OMVs regulate host immune responses through differentially packaged small noncoding RNAs to target host mRNA function . Therefore we identified differentially packaged sncRNAs in | Differentially sncRNAs were packaged in. OMVs. sR 2509025 and sR 989262 reduced LPS or OMV induced IL 8 secretion in AGS cells. OMVs sncRNAs play a novel role in the hostpathogen interaction of that. evades the host immune response. |
S1438422120300023 | During the last decades the flourishing scientific field of molecular pathogenesis brought groundbreaking knowledge of the mechanisms of pathogenicity and the underlying bacterial virulence factors to cause infectious diseases . However a major paradigm shift is currently occurring after it became increasingly evident ... | The niche of the GI mucosa as a complex and dynamic habitat of synergistic and competitive forces shaping pathogens glycans and microbiota. Focus on the interaction of microbial pathogens with mucus and mucus components. Mucus and mucins as a playground for unsurpassed carbohydrate diversity and relevance for pathogen ... |
S1438422120300060 | The occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria has become a major threat to public health . We have recently discovered a transcriptional activator that belongs to MarR family EstR and an esterase B with a newly proposed de arenethiolase activity from | EstR regulates expression of esterase B EstB in. sp. SM42. EstR activates. in response to cefoperazone. EstB at periplasm activates cefoperazone to be more active. Efficiency of EstB is enhanced by immobilization to inner and outer membranes. |
S1438422120300096 | The effective control of multidrug resistant tuberculosis relies upon the timely diagnosis and correct treatment of all tuberculosis cases . Whole genome sequencing has great potential as a method for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant | Multidrug resistant tuberculosis MDR TB threatens humankind. Effective monitoring of MDR TB in clinics is facilitated by NGS technologies. Antibiotic resistance profiling by sequence data in various formats is proposed. Both MDR TB strains and the strains developing drug resistance may be identified. Efforts of clinici... |
S143842212030028X | Phosphoinositides are one kind of membrane components functioning in many intracellular processes especially in signaling transduction and membrane transport . Phosphatidylinositide phosphatases are specifically important for the PIP homeostasis in cell . In our previous study we have identified the actin related prote... | Sac1 is an ER membrane protein maintaining endomembrane homeostasis in. PI4P contributes to maintenance of PM s negative electrostatic field. PMs negative electrostatic field affects distribution of PI 4 5 P. PIPs homeostasis is required for maintenance of polarized hyphal growth. |
S143842212030059X | Pneumococci are a common cause of severe infections such as otitis media pneumonia meningitis and bacteremia . Pili are detected in a small proportion of pneumococcal population but these structures have recently been associated with bacterial virulence in humans . Therefore the epidemiological relationships between pn... | Pili have been detected in a small proportion of pneumococcal population but associated with virulence in human. Piliated pneumococci have been largely clonal carrying drug resistance involving many serotypes mostly covered by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCVs . Most of pneumococcal molecular epidemiology network PM... |
S143842212030062X | has evolved various metabolic pathways to scavenge energy from the metabolic byproducts of the host gut microbiota however the precise metabolic byproducts and pathways utilized by | TYR induces expression of SPI 13 and non SPI 13 genes involved in the TYR acetaldehyde catabolic pathways in. DGA induces expression of SPI 13 and non SPI 13 genes involved in DGA transport and catabolism in. DGA induces expression of SPI 2 T3SS genes. This is the first study describing the global transcriptional profi... |
S1439179119302828 | Because cities concentrate 50 of the worlds population and are experiencing a re emergence of urban agriculture we investigated the influences of urban agriculture and surrounding natural areas on floral visitors and plant species in San Cristbal de Las Casas Mexico . | Floral visitor richness and abundance varied with season and management. Seasonality had a strong effect on the floral visitor community. Urban gardens functioned as an oasis for the floral visitor community. Species composition between urban gardens and natural areas was complementary. Interaction networks between flo... |
S1439179119302920 | Habitat quality is often evaluated based on food availability . However ecological theory suggests cover should be a more important decision rule when food is not a proximate threat to fitness as cover mediates predation risk as well as other important factors of fitness . In reality vegetation characteristics related ... | The relative importance of habitat components to habitat use is often debated. Food availability is often used to assess habitat quality but cover usually has a stronger fitness consequence. White tailed deer use was positively influenced by cover and negatively by food. Wild turkey use was positively influenced by gra... |
S1439179119303044 | Pollination service in agricultural crops increases significantly with pollinator diversity and wild pollinator abundance . Differences in the foraging behaviour of pollinating insects are one of the reasons why pollinator diversity and abundance enhances crop pollination . Here we focused on the foraging behaviour of ... | The pollination behaviour of bumble bees is different than that of honey bees. Bumble bee richness and abundance improve the pollination behaviour of honey bees. Bumble bees pollination behaviour was not influenced by bee richness or abundance. |
S1439179120300013 | Tropical montane cloud forest landscapes are changing and forest conversion to other land uses is a major driver of biodiversity loss . Land use intensification can lead to significant losses in biodiversity and carbon storage however the impacts may vary greatly depending on land use type management practices and envi... | Primary and secondary cloud forests have high biodiversity biomass and C storage. Traditional shade coffee plantation was similar in biomass and C to secondary forest. Low intensity land uses mitigate biodiversity loss and preserve ecosystem functions. |
S1439179120300050 | The conversion of natural lands in urban areas is exponentially increasing worldwide causing a major decline in biodiversity . Environmental alterations caused by urbanization such as land conversion and isolation of natural patches favour tolerant and generalist species causing both species loss and replacement . In a... | We studied carabid and spider responses to impervious surfaces and patch isolation. The nestedness component mainly explained the total taxonomic and functional diversity. Impervious surfaces cause functional homogenization and turnover in both groups. Patch isolation homogenizes and shifts species composition in both ... |
S1439179120300074 | Global changes such as climate and urbanization are strongly entwined and aggravated by the development of human activities which also intensifies the human mediated dispersal of species . However few studies have explicitly considered the combined influence of urbanization and climate on species expansion . We investi... | The distribution of pavement ants depends on the climateurbanization interaction. subsists under harsher climate by colonizing urbanized areas. Combining climate and urbanization is a crucial challenge for distribution studies. is likely an invasive species in urban areas. |
S1439179120300165 | As a process affecting animal communities urbanization has been the subject of numerous studies . However amphibians are still among the least studied vertebrate groups in urbanized landscapes . Generally it has been found that the process of loss of amphibian diversity is nonrandom with species from older evolutionary... | We used various metrics to explore amphibian diversity in Polish cities. On average 9.05 species were recorded per city. The number of species was positively correlated with functional evenness followed by evolutionary distinctiveness sum and functional richness. The most evolutionarily unique species in the study asse... |
S143917912030030X | We studied the role of spatial and environmental processes in the structuring of rodent metacommunities in three contiguous ecoregions that share the same species pool . The two northern ecoregions are mainly affected by anthropogenic processes while the southern one is mainly affected by natural processes . Local comm... | The processes that structure rodent metacommunities change across the region. Environmental processes determine the species composition in each local community. Environmental processes determine relative abundance of each species in each local community. Spatial processes vary among ecoregions. Species specific dispers... |
S1439179120300359 | Herbivores reduce plant productivity by removing part of the assimilation surface . Also they can alter plant traits that affect plantpollinator interactions and reproductive success . The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of defoliation by sawfly | L. is a pest of great importance for. L worldwide. Flower number was higher in infested trees than in non infested trees. Number of fruits per leaf area was similar in infested and non infested trees. Leaf herbivory decreases the fruit and seed quality. |
S1439179120300360 | Bats frequently use caves as roosts due to higher environmental stability and protection . However species specific ecological and physiological requirements and conditions of roosts and their surroundings can influence species presence . Little is known on cave choice by bats in the Neotropics a species and cave rich ... | Cave temperature is a limiting factor for several bat species. Environmental stability humidity and cave structure influence species occurrence. Larger but more stable microhabitat rich caves harbor more species. Landscape context did not affect species richness and composition. Vegetation cover around caves is importa... |
S1439179120300372 | The intensification of agricultural practices contributes to the decline of many taxa such as insects and weeds . Wildflower species have an important environmental impact on rural biodiversity since plant pollinator networks play a key role in both landscape aesthetics and environmental functionality . Due to their sc... | Mutualistic interactions in pollination networks depend on the conservation of both pollinator and wildflower communities. The botanical complexity of wildflower strips leads to a prolonged food availability for pollinators. Some wildflower species were visited by a wide range of pollinators while others were more sele... |
S1439179120300529 | Classical biological control programs introduce primary parasitoids into new geographic regions often exposing them to existing populations of hyperparasitoids . Hyperparasitoids are frequently implicated in the failure of parasitoid biological control agents to establish and provide control of insect pests . The outco... | and. share the same enemies. Hyperparasitoids cause greater mortality in. than in. Larger brood size decreased the per capita risk of hyperparasitism. |
S143917912030075X | Herbaceous boundaries adjacent to arable fields can deliver ecosystem services not sufficiently provided at the field scale as well as disservices such as increased weed pressure . The levels of services and disservices depend on the management regime implemented in these boundaries . Our study was conducted in Western... | We established field boundaries with late mowing and high mowing heights. This practice increased the numbers of inflorescences and pollinators. The mowing regime did not influence the average weed cover in wheat fields. The mowing regime did not influence the number of ground beetles. |
S1439179120300785 | Ants are known to provide valuable ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes including oil palm plantations . Their communities are less diverse and more uneven in oil palm compared with forest and this may increase their vulnerability to disturbance . This study quantifies ant communities in oil palm agroforestry ... | Ground foraging ants were highly abundant in oil palm plantations. Species evenness was low seven species accounted for 78 of individuals. There were fewer ants in plots where the understory vegetation was removed. Management did not affect species richness species evenness or community composition. |
S1439179120300803 | Decomposing litter is regarded as the most important source of allelochemicals released into soil . In this study a greenhouse experiment was designed to assess the net effect of differently aged leaf litter from exotic | Phytotoxic effects of leaf litter from exotic and native trees predominate over positive effects on the growth of understory herb species. Leaf litter from exotic tree species did not exert a more negative effect on the growth of understory herb species than litter from native trees not supporting the Novel Weapons Hyp... |
S1439179120300815 | Annual Finnish breeding duck surveys over the last 30 years show declining abundance among several species and greater declines on eutrophic waters than oligotrophic lakes . It has been suggested that habitat related differences in the rate of increase in predation pressure is a potential explanation for contrasting du... | Predation of artificial duck nests was high in agricultural landscapes. Shoreline nests had lower survival than nest further away from waterbodies. Predation by native predators was typically associated with particular landscapes. Alien raccoon dog was a common predator across all habitats and landscapes. |
S143917912030092X | Retention forestry intends to promote biodiversity by retaining deadwood and tree related microhabitats . Simultaneously production forests undergo major structural changes by conversion into near natural forests . As insect biomass is declining it is important to understand how insect communities respond to management... | Uneven aged mixed species forest stands promote total insect abundance. Total insect abundance in forests is positively related to multi layered vegetation. Non herbivorous taxa are further related to understorey vegetation structure. Terrestrial laser scanning provides structure indices relevant for insects. |
S1439179120300931 | Large old trees are keystone organisms that generate a highly connected network of interactions because they provide refuge and feeding sites to mammals with different habitat requirements through their under canopy structure and deadwood . In dry woodlands these keystone trees are found within agricultural landscapes ... | Tree structure reflects grazing and deadwood removal history of areas. Deadwood and grass cover favor rodent species that need complex habitats. Protection provided by trees was differentially perceived by rodent species. Different land management scenarios allow for conservation of the whole rodent assemblage. |
S1439179120300992 | Bats play an important role as predators of insect populations but are threatened by a variety of factors including the loss of foraging habitat and insect declines . Knowledge on trophic interactions foraging strategies and hunting areas is key to understanding the ecology of bat species to assess their impact on ecos... | First high resolution dietary analysis of the serotine bat. . Detection of 254 taxa at species or genus level of 13 arthropod orders indicates a generalistic diet and the use of a broad variety of foraging habitats. Equal use of Coleoptera Diptera and Lepidoptera contradicting previous morphological dietary analyses th... |
S146290111630332X | Science policy interface organizations and initiatives are a key component of environmental governance designed to make links between science and society . However the sciencepolicy interface literature lacks a structured approach to explaining the impacts of context on and by these initiatives . To better understand t... | Science policy interface organizations SPIORGs have complex links with context. A governance meshwork approach can help structure analysis of links with context. We illustrate application of this approach using five divergent cases of SPIORGs. We identify ten aspects of governance meshwork with varying linkages to SPIO... |
S1462901116308279 | This paper presents an historical perspective on the interaction between conservation science and policy . Drawing on a synthesis of studies of the history of conservation and combining this with work in science policy and related fields it considers the implications of a shift beginning in the 1960s in the politics of... | Conservation science and policy evolved together throughout the twentieth century. Science policy relations were redefined when expertise shifted from private to public. With this shift conservation advocacy became defined in strictly scientific terms. Conservation science emphasized spatial concepts and rule based rep... |
S1462901117302095 | Scientific knowledge is considered to be an important factor in environmental policy making . However the opportunity for environmentalists to influence policy can often occur within short discrete time windows . Therefore a piece of research may have a negligible or transformative policy influence depending on when it... | Policy windows periodically open enabling easier knowledge uptake. Environmental research has tended to regard policy windows as serendipitous. We argue that environmentalists can create identify and seize on policy windows. We propose a 4 stage framework for practically approaching policy windows. |
S1462901117303568 | Despite the expressed desire for evidence based policy especially in the environmental field many policies seem to ignore available knowledge and to put aside scientific evidence . The sciencepolicy interface therefore has abundant examples showing that knowledge production and decision making processes should be analy... | Scientific evidence is not systematically taken into account in decision making processes. Biodiversity scientists have to participate in social and political negotiations to raise scientific knowledge as evidence. This participation relies on combined aspects networking perseverance and reframing of research. |
S1462901117306366 | Co production is one of the most important ideas in the theory and practice of knowledge and governance for global sustainability including ecology and biodiversity conservation . A core challenge confronting the application of co production has been confusion over differences in definition and practice across several ... | Co production is a core idea in the theory and practice of global sustainability. Theories of co production converge across diverse disciplinary traditions. Co production incorporates both multiple producers and multiple products. Co production practices produce both knowledge and sustainability outcomes. Co production... |
S1462901118307779 | Access to high quality timely and comparable data is a prerequisite for any effective decision making process and having such data available for the environment is absolutely fundamental to efficient and evidence based policymaking . This article reviews the establishment of a Shared Environmental Information System in... | The Shared Environmental Information System SEIS aim to expand the access to environmental data. SEIS has had a significant and positive impact on the production and harmonisation of environmental indicators. Data harmonization problems e.g. data collection definitions and legislation remain throughout the pan European... |
S1462901118307780 | Urban decision makers are increasingly focused on enhancing community resilience in anticipation of more frequent and intense impacts from climate variability and change . These impacts will manifest in complex and nuanced ways particularly when coupled with additional social economic and environmental shifts that vary... | A framework to evaluate urban resilience knowledge products is applied in two cases. The knowledge product evaluation assesses elements scales resilience and use. Knowledge product implementation and facilitation strategies may increase use. Methods that identify actions only in reports likely miss some resilience prog... |
S1462901118312188 | This article demonstrates the analytical added value of combining the Institutional Resource Regime approach with the Advocacy Coalition Framework . To this end we use the example of Swiss wind power policy and demonstrate the necessity of combining the two theoretical frameworks so as to understand why a more supporti... | Thorough presentation of the IRR framework. Thorough presentation of the ACF framework. Use of both frameworks IRR ACF to explain the low outcomes of swiss wind power policy implementation. Original theoretical proposal to combine both approaches in a single framework. Use of diverse methods processes tracing qualitati... |
S1462901118312292 | The ever increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals cosmetics detergents and food additives puts aquatic ecosystems under strain . Accordingly respective regulation of micropollutants in surface waters is an issue that not only needs to include the perspective of public actors and producers but also that of the consumer... | Survey data suggests that Germans perceive the occurrence of micropollutants in surface waters an issue worth addressing. Germans are worried about aquatic micropollutants mostly because of environmental rather than health concerns. A majority of the public acknowledges shared responsibility for the entry of micropollu... |
S1462901118312747 | The Paris Climate agreement of 2015 implies that a large portion of the worlds coal oil and gas resources must be left non combusted in order to meet the goal of limiting climate change to 2 C. As a result of this commitment some of the national and corporate owners of fossil fuel reserves will be required to leave the... | The Paris agreement implies that some fossil fuel resources must not be extracted. Foreclosed resources may be in developing nations and foreclosure may be unjust. A test is proposed to identify foreclosed resources and assign responsibility. A climate easement approach is proposed to compensate for resource foreclosur... |
S1462901118313893 | Whether a new policy is adapted to a new social ecological reality depends on the complex interactions that play out from the policy process itself . The established theories of the policy process do not directly or explicitly address the actors ability to influence . This study attempts to fill this gap by developing ... | This study developed a model of actors capacity to influence the policy process. It seeks to understand how influence is related to policy dynamics and contents. An actor centered perspective is assumed. Individual resources and political relational resources both play a role. The 2010 Brazilian Solid Waste Policy is u... |
S1462901119300097 | Coastal hazards pose a serious and increasing threat to the wellbeing of coastal communities . Adaptation responses to these hazards ideally need to be embedded in the local adaptation context . However there is little understanding of factors that shape local adaptation choices especially in rural and remote island se... | Assessment of adaptation to coastal hazards in 43 communities in 4 Pacific nations. Key assets threatened by hazards include homes public toilets and cultural assets. In all locations emphasis on protective adaptation that use local resources and preserve ecosystems. Ecosystem based adaptation is the most common respon... |
S1462901119300942 | There is an increasing recognition globally of the role to be played by community science scientific research and monitoring driven and controlled by local communities and characterized by place based knowledge social learning collective action and empowerment . In particular community science can support social ecolog... | Community science is community driven and community controlled. Community science involves local knowledge collective action empowerment. Community science helps to improve conservation livelihood governance outcomes. Community science links to ecosystem based management environmental sustainability. Community science ... |
S1462901119301133 | Air quality in China is a major public health social and economic concern . Air pollution governance and research in China have been increasingly active in the past decade especially since 2013 when strict emission controls were implemented . Such emission control policies have been informed through dialogue between sc... | Chinas seasonal haze outlook service is a case of a new science policy interface. We present a conceptual framework of Chinas air pollution science policy interface. UK China workshops show co evolutionary science policy interplay. Boundary actors mediate science policy interplay under complexity and uncertainty. China... |
S1462901119301297 | The livestock sector has a large influence on direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions with potential negative impacts on climate change . We quantify the environmental impacts related to the introduction of a voluntary animal based policy supported by the European Union the Measure 14 of Rural Development Programm... | Animal based policies correct market failures but may have side effect on environment. Direct and indirect environmental impacts are heterogeneous across EU Member States. Animal based policies would contribute although marginally to meet the EU 2020 target of 20 cuts in GHG emissions. |
S1462901119302126 | The second pillar of the European Unions Common Agricultural Policy is to foster rural development in terms of ecosystems and environment economics and society . | We found direct and indirect references to 19 different ecosystem services. The provision of ecosystem services is mainly seen as based on anthropogenous activities. Cultural ecosystem services are treated superficially and associated with economic considerations. Internal coherence of the main ecosystem services is no... |
S1462901119302199 | The population of absentee landholders in rural areas of Australia and worldwide has risen over recent decades underpinning the need to better understand how to effectively engage this stakeholder group especially from natural resource management agencies . Prior research argues that these often difficult to reach rura... | Absentee landholders engage with a diverse range of information sources. Local NRM agency information was widely used and valued. Relationships with neighbours represented the strongest connection to community. Interest in collaborations was mostly related to conservation and amenity. Diverse motivations should be cons... |
S1462901119302539 | By building infrastructure planners want to exert control over the environment for the sake of society . Due to uncertainty and complexity such control is always limited and can become contested . Based on a case study of replacing a pumping station we show how planners can understand the replacement of infrastructure ... | Infrastructure replacement decisions restructure environments landscapes and water systems. Replacements come with locational and functional decisions for the long term. Adequate strategies need to consider system network location and object level choices. Adaptive options for replacements are closed and opened through... |
S146290111930262X | Palm oil is an edible oil with a high yield various economic benefits and many diverse uses . However its production has led to increased deforestation the endangerment of several species and toxic greenhouse gas emissions . The current study had two aims to generate a list of palm oil related pro environmental behavio... | Purchasing products with sustainable palm oil is a beneficial target behavior. Encouraging manufacturers to use sustainable palm oil might have the highest impact. Awareness and concern about palm oil predicted 33 variance in penetration. Awareness and concern about palm oil predicted 46 variance in probability. |
S1462901119303016 | The impact of collaborative research approaches on science and society has been subject to much debate and speculation . However empirically grounded analyses of the process impact link remain the exception . That includes comparing participation planning intended processes expectations and implementation . This paper ... | Results show divergences between planning and implementation. Many projects follow a consensual deliberative ideal but struggle to implement it. Functional expert driven participation dominates despite other intentions. Many projects insufficiently present and evaluate their participatory process. Projects focus on mea... |
S1462901119303156 | Salmon production and aquaculture in general entails certain environmental risks that must be managed and controlled . In Norway as in other aquaculture producing countries governments seek means of improving the industry and encouraging sustainable conduct . In Norwegian aquaculture regulation the salmon louse has bec... | In the salmon farming industry in Norway the salmon louse is an important indicator for environmental impact. This indicator used as a regulatory instrument a governmental technology to control the industry. Governmental technologies are employed to instill control from a distance. In the aquaculture industry in Norway... |
S146290111930317X | Novel technologies are continually being developed every day . Lessons from the past show that some resulted in unintended harm to the Earths system . The challenge for organizations working at the interface of the environment technology and society is therefore how to best harness the environmental benefits from new t... | Presents findings from a foresight exercise on novel entities technologies that can impact the global environment. Technology critical elements identified as entities with positive and negative impact on the environment. Identified technologies include blockchain nanotechnology CRISPR cellular agriculture and engineere... |
S1462901119303247 | Climate change threatens Kenyan agriculture and the environment and jeopardizes peoples livelihoods and food security . The 2017 Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy claims to guide a transformation of Kenyas agricultural system through an integrated approach to agriculture climate change development environment an... | In Kenyan policy climate and agriculture are increasingly framed as interlinked. Climate smart agriculture adoption in Kenya is a continuation of an ongoing trend. The Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy is more than old wine in new bottles. In Kenya a frame discrepancy exists between strategic plans and sectoral polici... |
S1462901119303272 | The open landscapes produced over centuries by small scale farming in Norwegian coastal and fjord areas are threatened by agricultural abandonment raising public concern for maintenance of the species rich and valuable coastal grasslands . Semi natural grasslands traditionally grazed in the spring and fall and mown in ... | The current Agriculture and Cultural Landscape ACL subsidy payment places a higher value on arable land compared to the more biodiverse farm pastures resulting in weaker incentives for keeping farm pasture in production. Raising the rate for farm pasture relative to that of arable land in the ACL scheme would result in... |
S1462901119303314 | Cities all over the world are confronting intertwined environmental social and economic problems and aim to become resilient to climate change and promote wellbeing for all their citizens . Nature based solutions have been proposed as a promising policy approach to addressing urban problems for the potential they have ... | Robust impact evaluation frameworks for nature based solutions that assess multifunctionality are virtually inexistent. There are many conceptual problems and empirical gaps in evaluation schemes for nature based solutions. The pathways connecting nature based solutions and outcomes should be systematically defined and... |
S1462901119303417 | Economic instruments for conservation are invoked as a strategy to achieve the dual goals of maintaining healthy ecosystems and improving human well being . The outcomes of such instruments are highly variable and there has been limited analysis of their social outcomes . Economic instruments for conservation can creat... | Economic instruments for conservation create opportunity or reproduce inequality. Local outcomes of an ecological fiscal transfer EFT from Brazil are examined. Institutional context and power dynamics influence the application of revenue. Good governance principles inform recommendations for socially equitable EFTs. |
S1462901119303491 | Despite increasing scientific understanding of the global environmental crisis we struggle to adopt the policies science suggests would be effective . One of the reasons for that is the lack of inclusive engagement and dialogue among a wide range of different actors . Furthermore there is a lack of consideration of dif... | We examined diverse conceptualizations of nature in more than 60 languages. Inclusive and non inclusive natures imply humans as part of or separate from nature. Deifying natures depict nature within a spiritual dimension. Diverse conceptualizations of nature influence environmental policy and future scenarios. Acknowle... |
S146290111930351X | Artisanal and Small scale Mining activities continue to grow in many resource endowed countries with ASM generated revenues serving as a precursor to socio economic growth especially in mineral rich rural communities . However the rapid proliferation of this extractive activity into new frontiers often extends to terri... | We review the complementarity of Artisanal and Small scale Mining and agriculture. Communities can both benefit or be harmed through ASM effects on agriculture. Land degradation water pollution and labour shifts are the main harm mechanisms. Most ASM happens in rural agricultural communities so vulnerabilities increase... |
S1462901119303661 | In the past decade research on interconnected resource challenges has primarily focused on quantifying physical resource interconnections and there is a growing focus on the social economic and policy dimensions of these interconnections . While the nature of the complexity of interconnected resource challenges resulte... | Importance of spot checking convergence between researchers and stakeholders. Aspects of convergence between researchers and regional stakeholders over issues of WEF. Modest levels of communication between respondents and WEF organizations. Convergence on the high potential of information sharing and improved communica... |
S1462901119303685 | This article provides an overview of how systematic review methods have been used to evaluate public policy . It argues that these methods can be applied to the evaluation of environmental public policy but that certain challenges need to be addressed in order to fulfil the SR methods potential . The article reflects u... | A review of SRs that have investigated public policy was undertaken. SR methods can be applied to environmental public policy but methodological challenges need to be addressed. Heterogeneity in the literature should be anticipated and considered when planning an SR of public policy. Contextual differences should be co... |
S1462901119303776 | Transdisciplinary sustainability research is characterised by methodologies that support a rich and direct interaction between academics and other societal stakeholders . However it is not to be taken for granted that societal stakeholders are interested in collaboration or that researchers have the skills to put parti... | Assessing quality of collaboration strengthens the TDR process and outcomes. Methods used in TDR should enhance the enthusiasm of societal stakeholders to actively engage in the collaboration. Satisfying societal stakeholders needs for autonomy competence and relatedness is critical. Active engagement increases the abi... |
S1462901119303843 | This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on how to attribute and evaluate the contribution of transdisciplinary research to sustainable development . As co created knowledge is a key product of transdisciplinary research we tested the hypothesis that the extent to which this knowledge is utilized beyond the pro... | Non linear stages of knowledge utilization are useful indicators for impact pathways from transdisciplinary research. It is possible to assess non linear stages of utilization of knowledge from early stages of transdisciplinary research. Co created knowledge is used simultaneously in science and policy making and in a ... |
S1462901119303971 | Participation of relevant stakeholders knowledge integration responsive and emergent design and effective boundary management are four key features of transdisciplinary research . These features pose significant challenges to both undertaking TDR and evaluating its societal impact . We argue that TDRs context specifici... | Impact assessment and transdisciplinary capacity building were combined in one evaluation study. The two evaluation foci worked complementary and enhanced access and understanding of the project. Transdisciplinary research impacts were identified and attributed to the research process. The project team built transdisci... |
S1462901119303995 | Transdisciplinary research seeks to address real world problems and aims to be socially transformative . This normative objective extends beyond particular TDR projects as real world problems are embedded in concrete contexts but at the same time are also related to wider societal challenges that are not restricted to ... | Transfer to other contexts is usually an objective of transdisciplinary research to provide sustainability transformations. Transfer is a complex process in which different types of knowledge are mediated to other contexts in various ways. Actors in pick up contexts also bear responsibility for successful transfer and ... |
S1462901119304319 | The majority of global emissions scenarios compatible with holding global warming to less than 2C depend on the large scale use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage to compensate for an overshoot of atmospheric CO | There is a strong tendency to view IAMs as providing objective analysis. Largescale reliance of IAM scenarios on CDR is problematic for a number of reasons. Dependence on CDR is being baked into emissions targets without a public debate. Polarisation on CDR could hinder progress on CDR and alternative strategies. Appro... |
S1462901119304666 | There has been a rise in environmental collaboratives as a form of watershed governance . These collaboratives depend on a diversity of organizations acting collectively by pooling their resources yet little information exists as to why organizations decide to become involved in these initiatives . This study attempts ... | Analysis revealed six distinct perspectives that drive organizations to participate. The first perspective Environmental Mission explains 48 of the study variance. Internal motivations play a stronger role in participation than external pressures. Knowledge about motivations can aid future watershed partnerships. |
S1462901119304721 | How to tackle uncertainties and ensure quality in integrated assessment for sustainability To what extent does the choice of the methodology condition the narrative produced by the analysis The present work argues that the two questions are tightly coupled . The technique is never neutral . If we are the tools of our t... | The choice of the methodology conditions the narrative produced by an analysis. For this reason a broad canvass of approaches is advisable when tackling complex and conflicted topics. Pooled methodologies are proposed here to tackle uncertainties and ensure quality in sustainability integrated assessment. We combine si... |
S1462901119304848 | Increased social and environmental vulnerability to extreme climatic events and inherent aggravation of environmental and social problems has placed climate change adaptation as an urgent challenge for decision makers . Understanding and using climate change information to advance the implementation of climate friendly... | There is a distinction between usable and useful knowledge for climate change adaptation. There are challenges to ensure boundary organisations have long lasting impacts. Two systemic changes are proposed to advance knowledge usefulness. |
S146290111930509X | In view of a continuing global decrease of forest cover many authors mention forest governance as a basic concept contributing to reduced deforestation specifically in the tropics . There are numerous definitions for forest governance . The concept is commonly understood as a broad approach and assessment tools compris... | High scores for forest governance were frequently related to reduced tropical deforestation. Revision of governance frameworks would be beneficial as some indicators were hardly applied others were interrelated. The structure agency concept can help to structure the numerous governance indicators. Governance was modera... |
S1462901119305209 | One of the greatest challenges humanity faces is feeding the worlds human population in a sustainable nutritious equitable and ethical way under a changing climate . Urgent transformations are needed that allow farmers to adapt and develop while also being climate resilient and contributing minimal emissions . This pap... | Business as usual agriculture is not an option for the future. Different types of farmers need different adaptation and development options. Many current farmers are likely to exit agriculture. Disruptors can change trajectories and accelerate transformation. Good governance is critical to support low carbon food secur... |
S1462901119305349 | The EU has developed a Directive on Sustainable Use of Chemical Pesticides that aims to enhance the use of non chemical alternatives to pesticides like microbial plant protection products . The number of authorized microbial PPP for plant protection has increased globally during the last decade . There is however varia... | Sweden and Denmark have each authorized 20 microbial plant protection products while Norway have only authorized four. The paper explore possible explanations for these differences. Regulatory and market differences could explain some of the differences. The most important explanation are different safety judgments mad... |
S1462901119305519 | Future climate scenarios predict significant changes in the availability of water resources at global and regional scales . Knowledge of the possible economic consequences of this are limited by a shortage of data linking economic activity with physical water use . Matching a unique premise level dataset to economic in... | We decompose changes in industrial water demand in Scotland between 2012 and 2016. Changes in sectoral water intensity a key factor explaining fall in water demand. Role of electricity generation policies aimed at encouraging renewables important. Future changes in water availability demand and technologies important t... |
S1462901119305684 | Decision makers face a particular challenge in planning for climate adaptation . The complexity of climate change s likely impacts such as increased flooding has widened the scope of information necessary to take action . This is particularly the case in valuable low lying coastal regions which host many competing inte... | An integrated assessment of future flood risk and adaptation was carried out in the UKs largest protected coastal wetland. An iterative stakeholder engagement process guided the design of a hydraulic model and adaptation scenarios. High interest was shown in increasing flood storage or setting up a tidal barrier as opp... |
S1462901119305799 | The relationships among social capital and collective actions for nature conservation and management were analyzed across five case studies characterised by specific land use dynamics in the South American continent . Data on SC and CA were obtained through a semi structured questionnaire to groups of selected social a... | We explored social capital SC and collective actions CA links. Higher levels of SC are related to higher levels of CA. Vulnerable actors do not necessarily have a higher SC or engage in more CA. Actor with more power in the territory have higher levels of SC and CA. Vulnerable actors often perform civil economic and ju... |
S1462901119306197 | Social ecological system promoting sustainable management of natural resources in common ownership are steered by a complex governance system that includes regulations through laws and policies and management by administrative authorities operating across multi level institutional structures that in turn are shaped by ... | Free roaming sheep during summer forms the traditional rangeland grazing system in Iceland. Many of the grazed rangelands are in a degraded even eroded ecological condition. The agricultural and the environmental sectors have different perceptions on what constitutes as SLM. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of th... |
S1462901119306410 | Global fashion represents one of the most economically relevant contemporary industrial activity but is fraught with sustainability problems . As a response the fashion industry has turned its attention towards environmentally sustainable innovation . In many cases such innovations require collaborative development whi... | Joint development of resources and capabilities compatible values and investment capacity drive stakeholder collaboration. Search for competitive advantage and pressures from external and competitive environment drive the start of collaboration. Lack of resources and initial costs are the main inhibitors. Collaboration... |
S1462901119306677 | Sustainable management of natural resources under economic environmental and social perspective needs to consider a fair balance between its uses and availability . Sustainable agriculture goal is to establish innovative and new farm tools and service capacities that help the intensive farm sector to optimize input man... | The Water Energy Food WEF nexus has been suited as a sustainability assessment tool at farm level to assess agro economic and environmental performance. WEF is a very helpful tool to investigate the global sustainability of the agricultural systems. Regulatory and economic instruments i.e. agro climatic environmental p... |
S1462901119306690 | Nature based measures understood here as measures such as floodplain restoration that use ecosystem processes to meet societal challenges are increasingly advocated as promising solutions for managing flood risks . A suitable instrument to implement NBMs are flood risk management plans stipulated by the EU Floods Direc... | Paper focuses on nature based measures NBM in flood risk management plans FRMPs . Actual uptake of NBM in three German states is assessed via document analysis. NBM uptake in FRMPs is generally low with divergence across states. Uptake relates positively to stream order low flood risks and expected benefits. Uptake cou... |
S1462901119306835 | The environmental behaviour of tourists in tourism activities is the result of the interaction of human and environment . Previous research on tourists environmental behaviour has given more attention to tourists human factors including their individual psychological factors . However the environment factors have not r... | We introduced public environmental facilities to environmental behaviour research. Tourists psychological factors can influence their environmental behaviour. Public environmental facilities are hygiene factors for environmental behaviour. |
S1462901119306872 | Habitat banking has gained traction in recent years as a means to compensate for the unavoidable environmental impacts of development projects through the exchange of so called biodiversity offsets . Analyses of the ideological foundations and operational challenges of habitat banking exist but there has been far less ... | The legal grounding for habitat banking in Spain is well established in national legislation. Developing the guidelines for habitat banking implementation has been a haphazard process with few actors involved and currently at a standstill. Habitat banking has been challenged by many civil society groups on the grounds ... |
S1462901119306902 | Current environmental research focuses extensively on pharmaceutical waste demonstrating the contamination caused by active pharmaceutical ingredients . Regulations and programs to evaluate prevent and reduce environmental risks linked to human medicines are currently being developed in various countries . We assessed ... | Romania needs specific regulations to create a coherent pharmaceutical waste management system. Good research practice rules should prevent marketing authorisation of human medicines with environmental risk. Good manufacturing and distribution practice rules should establish preventive and corrective environmental obli... |
S1462901119307117 | Environmental governance challenges often span geographic and sectoral boundaries requiring collaboration between diverse stakeholders and multilateral decision making . To facilitate such efforts policymakers and public managers create and support platforms that provide a structured framework for promoting collaborati... | Collaborative platforms leave a paper trail of documents to be analyzed. Topic modeling can trace patterns of deliberation in collaborative governance. A common collaborative platform design can beget widely different processes. Consultants play a key role in shaping collaborative governance processes and outputs |
S1462901119307245 | Environmental policies that aim to enhance nature conservation biodiversity and well being of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities rely on knowledge integration and co production processes that include both science and Indigenous and local knowledge systems . While these processes are expected to safeguard the dive... | The analysis offers a detailed case study of knowledge integration and co production that involves scientific and Indigenous knowledge. The ethnoecological approach used recognizes that knowledge is entangled with practices and worldviews. Uneven power relations and dichotomies between knowledge systems form a challeng... |
S1462901119307269 | Climate change has reduced the snow cover in the Swiss Alps negatively impacting the winter tourist sector . The adaptation of artificial or technical snow as a solution to combat a decline in tourism is pervasive yet controversial . This paper uses Q methodology to analyse the perspectives of stakeholders in relation ... | Three distinct groups are identified amongst diverse cross sector stakeholders based on their specific social perspectives. Q methodology revealed broad value consensus even among divergent stakeholders. Consensus finding is hindered by polarized stakeholder views on tourism development. Relying solely on snowmaking as... |
S146290111930735X | Boundary spanning the practice of facilitating knowledge exchange to address complex sustainability challenges has the potential to align research and policymaking and increase the uptake of research in decision making . But the goals methods and outcomes of boundary spanning activities in the environment sector can be... | Boundary spanning can facilitate knowledge exchange address complex sustainability challenges and align research and policy making. We describe boundary spanning goals activities and outcomes to integrate research about sustainability with U.S. ocean policy dialogues. Boundary spanning grew a science policy network enh... |
S1462901119307506 | The coastal risk assessment has important implications for policy development resilience enhancement and risk reduction to reduce the magnitude and likelihood of future losses to coastal hazards . However few if any existing in practice CRA approaches account for the effects of coastal natural habitats which shield com... | This study advances the in practice traditional CRA frameworks through the incorporation of CNHs into risk assessment. Empirical evidence on the influence of CNHs on risk level and its spatial patterns is provided. The results show significant difference in risk level and its geographical distribution under the two sce... |
S1462901119307555 | Calls for societal transformations in response to climate change and unsustainable trajectories are surging in scientific journals political proposals and news media . The multifaceted usages of the concept of transformation creates challenges for scientific assessments such as those of the Intergovernmental Panel on C... | Calls for societal transformations to sustainability surge in science and policy. Our transformation typology differentiates between system level pace and scope. We identify 4 modes of transformation quantum leap convergent emergent and gradual. Innovations learning and new narratives are key interventions for transfor... |
S1462901119307816 | A central challenge facing the study the environmental governance is the lack of commonunderstanding of important concepts . Critical concepts such as social boundaries property rights and resource dependence are selected and measured inconsistently across research projects and field settings producing results that are... | Inconsistencies in variable selection and measurement limit social ecological studies. These limitations relate to a suite of methodological challenges. A new variables repository helps users diagnose and measure key factors. Through this resource more comparable research can be done across cases. |
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