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fluid-filled structure in the inner ear that is lined with hair cells | (A) middle ear (B) ear canal (C) cochlea (D) pinna (E) eardrum (F) hair cell (G) ossicle | C | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
The role of hearing protectors is to keep foreign objects out of the ears. | (A) true (B) false | B | You can see two different types of hearing protectors in the Figure 1.3. Earplugs are simple hearing protectors that just muffle sounds by partially blocking all sound waves from entering the ears. This type of hearing protector is suitable for lower noise levels, such as the noise of a lawnmower or snowmobile. Electro... |
tube that carries sound waves into the ear | (A) middle ear (B) ear canal (C) cochlea (D) pinna (E) eardrum (F) hair cell (G) ossicle | B | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. The pinna is the only part of the ear that extends outward from the head. Its position and shape make it good at catching sound waves and funneling them into the ear canal. The ear canal is a tube that carries sound waves into the ear. The sound waves travel thr... |
The eardrum is the first structure of the ear to vibrate when sound waves strike it. | (A) true (B) false | A | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. The pinna is the only part of the ear that extends outward from the head. Its position and shape make it good at catching sound waves and funneling them into the ear canal. The ear canal is a tube that carries sound waves into the ear. The sound waves travel thr... |
Waves in cochlear fluid bend the hair-like projections of hair cells. | (A) true (B) false | A | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
membrane in the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves strike it | (A) middle ear (B) ear canal (C) cochlea (D) pinna (E) eardrum (F) hair cell (G) ossicle | E | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. The pinna is the only part of the ear that extends outward from the head. Its position and shape make it good at catching sound waves and funneling them into the ear canal. The ear canal is a tube that carries sound waves into the ear. The sound waves travel thr... |
tiny structure in the inner ear that changes vibrations to nerve impulses | (A) middle ear (B) ear canal (C) cochlea (D) pinna (E) eardrum (F) hair cell (G) ossicle | F | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
part of the ear that transmits and amplifies vibrations from the eardrum | (A) middle ear (B) ear canal (C) cochlea (D) pinna (E) eardrum (F) hair cell (G) ossicle | A | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. The pinna is the only part of the ear that extends outward from the head. Its position and shape make it good at catching sound waves and funneling them into the ear canal. The ear canal is a tube that carries sound waves into the ear. The sound waves travel thr... |
The arrangement of the ossicles in the middle ear allows them to work together as a(n) | (A) inclined plane (B) wedge (C) screw (D) lever | D | The middle ear contains three tiny bones (ossicles) called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. If you look at these bones in Figure 20.7, you might notice that they resemble the objects for which they are named. The three bones transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They also amplify the vibrations. The arr... |
When the oval window in the ear vibrates, it causes vibrations in the | (A) anvil (B) cochlea (C) hammer (D) eardrum | B | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
Which of the following ear structures is damaged by excessive exposure to loud sounds? | (A) pinna (B) ossicle (C) hair cell (D) ear canal | C | All these structures of the ear must work well for normal hearing. Damage to any of them, through illness or injury, may cause hearing loss. Total hearing loss is called deafness. To learn more about hearing loss, watch the animation at this URL: (1:39). MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: Most a... |
When the cochlea vibrates, it causes | (A) waves to pass through the cochlear fluid (B) sound waves to increase in frequency (C) the ossicles to start vibrating faster (D) two of the above | A | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
Hearing loss due to exposure to loud sounds is | (A) common (B) permanent (C) preventable (D) all of the above | D | Hearing loss caused by loud sounds is permanent. However, this type of hearing loss can be prevented by protecting the ears from loud sounds. |
Activities that may expose people to dangerously loud sounds include | (A) lawn mowing (B) snowmobile riding (C) construction work (D) all of the above | D | People who work in jobs that expose them to loud sounds must wear hearing protectors. Examples include construc- tion workers who work around loud machinery for many hours each day (see Figure 20.10). But anyone exposed to loud sounds for longer than the permissible exposure time should wear hearing protectors. Many ho... |
Which statement about electronic hearing protectors is true? | (A) They muffle all sounds (B) They generate anti-noise sound waves (C) They send electronic signals to the brain (D) They use insulation to block sound waves | B | You can see two different types of hearing protectors in the Figure 1.3. Earplugs are simple hearing protectors that just muffle sounds by partially blocking all sound waves from entering the ears. This type of hearing protector is suitable for lower noise levels, such as the noise of a lawnmower or snowmobile. Electro... |
use of ultrasound to locate underwater objects | (A) resonance (B) sonar (C) echolocation (D) ultrasound (E) pitch (F) ultrasonography | B | Sonar uses ultrasound in a way that is similar to echolocation. Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is used to locate underwater objects such as sunken ships or to determine how deep the water is. A sonar device is usually located on a boat at the surface of the water. The device is both a sender and a re... |
Resonance is used in musical instruments to increase the | (A) frequency of sound waves (B) amplitude of sound waves (C) wavelength of sound waves (D) two of the above | B | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
use of ultrasound to examine structures inside the body | (A) resonance (B) sonar (C) echolocation (D) ultrasound (E) pitch (F) ultrasonography | F | Another use of ultrasound is to see inside the human body. This use of ultrasound is called ultrasonography. Harmless ultrasound waves are sent inside the body, and the reflected waves are used to create an image on a screen. This technology is used to examine internal organs and unborn babies without risk to the patie... |
You can raise the pitch of the sound produced by a violin string by | (A) shortening the part of the string that vibrates (B) plucking instead of bowing the string (C) applying more pressure with the bow (D) none of the above | A | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
Uses of ultrasound include | (A) creating images of organs inside the body (B) making music with musical instruments (C) communicating with the human voice (D) all of the above | A | Another use of ultrasound is to see inside the human body. This use of ultrasound is called ultrasonography. Harmless ultrasound waves are sent inside the body, and the reflected waves are used to create an image on a screen. This technology is used to examine internal organs and unborn babies without risk to the patie... |
sound with a frequency higher than 20,000 hertz | (A) resonance (B) sonar (C) echolocation (D) ultrasound (E) pitch (F) ultrasonography | D | The frequency of sound waves is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a second. Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz are called infrasound. Infrasound is too low-pitched for humans to hear. So... |
use of ultrasound by animals to locate objects they cannot see | (A) resonance (B) sonar (C) echolocation (D) ultrasound (E) pitch (F) ultrasonography | C | Animals such as bats and dolphins send out ultrasound waves and use their echoes, or reflected waves, to identify the locations of objects they cannot see. This is called echolocation. Animals use echolocation to find prey and avoid running into objects in the dark. You can see in the Figure 1.1 how a bat uses echoloca... |
What does sonar stand for? | (A) source of naval resistance (B) source of noise and resonance (C) sound navigation and ranging (D) submarine navigation and resolution | C | Sonar uses ultrasound in a way that is similar to echolocation. Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is used to locate underwater objects such as sunken ships or to determine how deep the water is. A sonar device is usually located on a boat at the surface of the water. The device is both a sender and a re... |
vibration of an object in response to sound waves of a certain frequency | (A) resonance (B) sonar (C) echolocation (D) ultrasound (E) pitch (F) ultrasonography | A | All sounds begin with vibrating matter. It could be the ground vibrating when a tree comes crashing down. Or it could be guitar strings vibrating when they are plucked. You can see a guitar string vibrating in Figure 20.2. The vibrating string repeatedly pushes against the air particles next to it. The pressure of the ... |
Increasing the amplitude of sound waves produced by a musical instrument makes the sound | (A) lower (B) higher (C) softer (D) louder | D | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments for this purpose. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start so... |
how high or low a sound seems to a listener | (A) resonance (B) sonar (C) echolocation (D) ultrasound (E) pitch (F) ultrasonography | E | How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch. Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. High-pitched sounds, like the sounds of the piccolo in the Figure 1.1, have high-frequency waves. Low-pitched sounds... |
Basic categories of musical instruments include | (A) wind instruments (B) string instruments (C) percussion instruments (D) all of the above | D | There are three basic categories of musical instruments: percussion, wind, and stringed instruments. You can read in the Figure 1.1 how instruments in each category make sound and change pitch. Q: Can you name other instruments in each of the three categories of musical instruments? A: Other percussion instruments incl... |
You can change the pitch of a saxophone by | (A) playing the instrument without a reed on the mouthpiece (B) opening or closing holes on the sides of the instrument (C) blowing harder through the instruments mouthpiece (D) none of the above | B | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
The sound of a drum is amplified when the | (A) air inside the drum vibrates (B) skin of the drum is loosened (C) sticks of the drum start to vibrate (D) size of the drum is reduced | A | The drummer in Figure 17.15 is hitting the drumheads with drumsticks. This causes the drumheads to vibrate. The vibrations pass to surrounding air particles and then from one air particle to another in a wave of energy called sound energy. We hear sound when the sound waves reach our ears. Sound energy can travel throu... |
All of the following instruments are wind instruments except | (A) flutes (B) violins (C) trumpets (D) saxophones | B | There are three basic categories of musical instruments: percussion, wind, and stringed instruments. You can read in the Figure 1.1 how instruments in each category make sound and change pitch. Q: Can you name other instruments in each of the three categories of musical instruments? A: Other percussion instruments incl... |
You play a xylophone by hitting wooden bars with rubber mallets. Which type of musical instrument is a xylophone? | (A) wind instrument (B) string instrument (C) percussion instrument (D) none of the above | C | There are three basic categories of musical instruments: percussion, wind, and stringed instruments. You can read in the Figure 1.1 how instruments in each category make sound and change pitch. Q: Can you name other instruments in each of the three categories of musical instruments? A: Other percussion instruments incl... |
All musical instruments create sound by causing a reed to vibrate. | (A) true (B) false | B | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
Uses of ultrasound include | (A) sonar (B) echolocation (C) ultrasonography (D) all of the above | D | Another use of ultrasound is to see inside the human body. This use of ultrasound is called ultrasonography. Harmless ultrasound waves are sent inside the body, and the reflected waves are used to create an image on a screen. This technology is used to examine internal organs and unborn babies without risk to the patie... |
Smaller drums produce higher-frequency sound waves than larger drums. | (A) true (B) false | A | A marching band is parading down the street. You can hear it coming from several blocks away. When the different instruments finally pass by you, their distinctive sounds can be heard. The tiny piccolos trill their bird-like high notes, and the big tubas rumble out their booming bass notes (see Figure 20.5). Clearly, s... |
Animals that use echolocation include | (A) bats (B) whales (C) dolphins (D) all of the above | D | Animals such as bats, whales, and dolphins send out ultrasound waves and use their echoes, or reflected waves, to identify the locations of objects they cannot see. This is called echolocation. Animals use echolocation to find prey and avoid running into objects in the dark. Figure 20.13 and the animation at the URL be... |
Ultrasound has frequencies lower than 20 hertz. | (A) true (B) false | B | Ultrasound has frequencies higher than the human ear can detect (higher than 20,000 hertz). Although we cant hear ultrasound, it is very useful. Uses include echolocation, sonar, and ultrasonography. |
Ultrasonography has been used to determine the depth of the ocean. | (A) true (B) false | B | The people who first mapped the seafloor were aboard military vessels during World War II. As stated in the Earth as a Planet chapter, echo sounders used sound waves to search for submarines, but also produced a map of seafloor depths. Depth sounding continued in earnest after the war. Scientists pieced together the oc... |
Animals that use echolocation include bats and whales. | (A) true (B) false | A | Animals such as bats, whales, and dolphins send out ultrasound waves and use their echoes, or reflected waves, to identify the locations of objects they cannot see. This is called echolocation. Animals use echolocation to find prey and avoid running into objects in the dark. Figure 20.13 and the animation at the URL be... |
The earliest musical instruments date back to about 1900. | (A) true (B) false | B | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
All musical instruments make sound in the same general way. | (A) true (B) false | A | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
Instruments use resonance to make sounds higher in pitch. | (A) true (B) false | B | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
A saxophone makes sound when the musician blows across a thin piece of wood. | (A) true (B) false | A | People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities. All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving ... |
Some animals use reflected sound waves to locate prey. | (A) true (B) false | A | Animals such as bats and dolphins send out ultrasound waves and use their echoes, or reflected waves, to identify the locations of objects they cannot see. This is called echolocation. Animals use echolocation to find prey and avoid running into objects in the dark. You can see in the Figure 1.1 how a bat uses echoloca... |
Sonar works on the same principle as echolocation. | (A) true (B) false | A | Sonar uses ultrasound in a way that is similar to echolocation. Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is used to locate underwater objects such as sunken ships or to determine how deep the water is. A sonar device is usually located on a boat at the surface of the water. The device is both a sender and a re... |
The only use of ultrasonography is to create images of unborn babies. | (A) true (B) false | B | Ultrasound can be used to "see" inside the human body. This use of ultrasound is called ultrasonography. Harmless ultrasound waves are sent inside the body, and the reflected waves are used to create an image on a screen. This technology is used to examine internal organs and unborn babies without risk to the patient. ... |
Examples of electromagnetic waves include | (A) radio waves (B) light (C) X rays (D) all of the above | D | Mid-wavelength electromagnetic waves are commonly called light. This range of electromagnetic waves has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves, but not as short and high as X rays and gamma rays. Light includes visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light. If you look back at Figure 21.7, y... |
All of the following are examples of electromagnetic waves except | (A) sound waves (B) microwaves (C) gamma rays (D) infrared light | A | Mid-wavelength electromagnetic waves are commonly called light. This range of electromagnetic waves has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves, but not as short and high as X rays and gamma rays. Light includes visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light. If you look back at Figure 21.7, y... |
A vibrating electric field creates a | (A) mechanical wave (B) charged particle (C) magnetic field (D) photon | C | An electromagnetic wave begins when an electrically charged particle vibrates. The Figure 1.3 shows how this happens. A vibrating charged particle causes the electric field surrounding it to vibrate as well. A vibrating electric field, in turn, creates a vibrating magnetic field. The two types of vibrating fields combi... |
An electromagnetic wave begins when a(n) | (A) atom loses an electron (B) magnet is connected to a battery (C) charged particle vibrates (D) electron is magnetized | C | An electromagnetic wave begins when an electrically charged particle vibrates. The Figure 1.3 shows how this happens. A vibrating charged particle causes the electric field surrounding it to vibrate as well. A vibrating electric field, in turn, creates a vibrating magnetic field. The two types of vibrating fields combi... |
As an electromagnetic wave travels through space, it | (A) becomes stronger (B) keeps changing direction (C) loses energy to the medium (D) spreads out over a larger area | D | As you can see in the Figure 1.3, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. Both fields are also perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. However, unlike a mechanical tran... |
Which of the following waves does not require a medium? | (A) ocean waves (B) earthquake waves (C) sound waves (D) radio waves | D | Unlike a mechanical transverse wave, which requires a medium, an electromagnetic transverse wave can travel through space without a medium. Waves traveling through a medium lose some energy to the medium. However, when an electromagnetic wave travels through space, no energy is lost, so the wave doesnt get weaker as it... |
Most of the electromagnetic radiation on Earth comes from | (A) the sun (B) radio towers (C) X ray machines (D) microwave ovens | A | The most important source of electromagnetic radiation on Earth is the sun. Electromagnetic waves travel from the sun to Earth across space and provide virtually all the energy that supports life on our planet. Many other sources of electromagnetic waves that people use depend on technology. Radio waves, microwaves, an... |
When electromagnetic waves strike matter, they may | (A) reflect (B) refract (C) diffract (D) all of the above | D | When electromagnetic waves strike matter, they may interact with it in the same ways that mechanical waves interact with matter. Electromagnetic waves may: reflect, or bounce back from a surface; refract, or bend when entering a new medium; diffract, or spread out around obstacles. Electromagnetic waves may also be abs... |
Which of the following statements about electromagnetic radiation is false? | (A) It provides virtually all the energy for life on Earth (B) It behaves like a wave most of the time (C) Sometimes it behaves like a particle (D) All of its wavelengths are harmful | D | Electromagnetic radiation occurs in waves of different wavelengths and frequencies. Infrared light and visible light make up just a small part of the full range of electromagnetic radiation, which is called the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is summarized in the diagram in Figure 21.7. On the fa... |
Uses of electromagnetic radiation include | (A) cooking (B) communications (C) medicine (D) all of the above | D | The most important source of electromagnetic radiation on Earth is the sun. Electromagnetic waves travel from the sun to Earth across space and provide virtually all the energy that supports life on our planet. Many other sources of electromagnetic waves that people use depend on technology. Radio waves, microwaves, an... |
What do radio waves and sound waves have in common? | (A) Both waves are transverse waves (B) Both waves are mechanical waves (C) Both waves transfer energy (D) Both waves need a medium | C | Television broadcasts also use radio waves (see Figure 1.2). For TV broadcasts, sounds are encoded with frequency modulation, and pictures are encoded with amplitude modulation. The encoded waves are broadcast from a TV tower. When the waves are received by television sets, they are decoded and changed back to sounds a... |
An electromagnetic wave consists of a vibrating | (A) magnetic field (B) electric field (C) particle of matter (D) two of the above | D | Electromagnetic waves consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They transfer energy across space as well as through matter. Electromagnetic waves vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves is called the electro... |
When a charged particle vibrates, it causes the electric field around it to vibrate. | (A) true (B) false | A | An electromagnetic wave begins when an electrically charged particle vibrates. The Figure 1.3 shows how this happens. A vibrating charged particle causes the electric field surrounding it to vibrate as well. A vibrating electric field, in turn, creates a vibrating magnetic field. The two types of vibrating fields combi... |
The two fields of an electromagnetic wave occur at right angles to each other. | (A) true (B) false | A | As you can see in Figure 21.2, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave occur are at right angles to each other. Both fields are also at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. |
Both fields of an electromagnetic wave vibrate in the same direction that the wave travels. | (A) true (B) false | B | As you can see in Figure 21.2, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave occur are at right angles to each other. Both fields are also at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. |
The wave-particle theory explains the difference between electromagnetic and mechanical waves. | (A) true (B) false | B | In 1905, the physicist Albert Einstein developed a new theory about electromagnetic radiation. The theory is often called the wave-particle theory. It explains how electromagnetic radiation can behave as both a wave and a particle. Einstein argued that when an electron returns to a lower energy level and gives off elec... |
Electromagnetic waves cannot travel through matter. | (A) true (B) false | B | As you can see in the Figure 1.3, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. Both fields are also perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. However, unlike a mechanical tran... |
A vibrating electric field generates a charged particle. | (A) true (B) false | B | An electromagnetic wave begins when an electrically charged particle vibrates. The Figure 1.3 shows how this happens. A vibrating charged particle causes the electric field surrounding it to vibrate as well. A vibrating electric field, in turn, creates a vibrating magnetic field. The two types of vibrating fields combi... |
Electromagnetic waves may spread out and travel around obstacles. | (A) true (B) false | A | Although all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, they may differ in their wavelength and frequency. |
When electrons return to lower energy levels, they give off particles of matter. | (A) true (B) false | B | Bohrs idea of energy levels is still useful today. It helps explain how matter behaves. For example, when chemicals in fireworks explode, their atoms absorb energy. Some of their electrons jump to a higher energy level. When the electrons move back to their original energy level, they give off the energy as light. Diff... |
All electromagnetic radiation is dangerous except for light. | (A) true (B) false | B | The shortest-wavelength, highest-frequency electromagnetic waves are X rays and gamma rays. These rays have so much energy that they can pass through many materials. This makes them potentially very harmful, but it also makes them useful for certain purposes. |
Electromagnetic waves are used for communications, cooking, and medicine. | (A) true (B) false | A | The most important source of electromagnetic waves on Earth is the sun. Electromagnetic waves travel from the sun to Earth across space and provide virtually all the energy that supports life on our planet. Many other sources of electromagnetic waves depend on technology. Radio waves, microwaves, and X rays are example... |
Electromagnetic radiation provides the energy that plants need for photosynthesis. | (A) true (B) false | A | Almost all energy on Earth comes from the Sun. The Suns energy heats the planet and the air around it. Sunlight also powers photosynthesis and life on Earth. |
An electromagnetic wave gains energy as it travels across space. | (A) true (B) false | B | Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through matter. They vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves, shown in the Figure 1.1, is called the electromagnetic spectrum. |
The human eye can detect all frequencies of electromagnetic waves. | (A) true (B) false | B | Visible light is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Figure 23.3) that humans can see. Visible light includes all the colors of the rainbow. Each color is determined by its wavelength. Visible light ranges from violet wavelengths of 400 nanometers (nm) through red at 700 nm. There are parts of the electromagnetic... |
All of the suns electromagnetic radiation travels to Earth. | (A) true (B) false | B | Most of the energy that reaches the Earths surface comes from the Sun (Figure 1.1). About 44% of solar radiation is in the visible light wavelengths, but the Sun also emits infrared, ultraviolet, and other wavelengths. |
Einstein explained how light can behave both as a wave and as a particle. | (A) true (B) false | A | In 1905, the physicist Albert Einstein developed a new theory about electromagnetic radiation. The theory is often called the wave-particle theory. It explains how electromagnetic radiation can behave as both a wave and a particle. Einstein argued that when an electron returns to a lower energy level and gives off elec... |
transfer of energy by waves such as radio waves and light | (A) photon (B) electromagnetic wave (C) magnetic field (D) transverse wave (E) electromagnetic radiation (F) wave-particle theory (G) electric field | E | Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through matter. They vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves, shown in the Figure 1.1, is called the electromagnetic spectrum. |
explanation for how light can behave as both a wave and a particle | (A) photon (B) electromagnetic wave (C) magnetic field (D) transverse wave (E) electromagnetic radiation (F) wave-particle theory (G) electric field | F | Electromagnetic radiation behaves like waves of energy most of the time, but sometimes it behaves like particles. As evidence accumulated for this dual nature of electromagnetic radiation, the famous physicist Albert Einstein developed a new theory about electromagnetic radiation, called the wave-particle theory. This ... |
invisible area of force surrounding a charged particle | (A) photon (B) electromagnetic wave (C) magnetic field (D) transverse wave (E) electromagnetic radiation (F) wave-particle theory (G) electric field | G | Electric force is exerted over a distance, so charged particles do not have to be in contact in order to exert force over each other. Thats because each charged particle is surrounded by an electric field. An electric field is a space around a charged particle where the particle exerts electric force on other particles... |
wave in which vibrations occur at right angles to the direction the wave travels | (A) photon (B) electromagnetic wave (C) magnetic field (D) transverse wave (E) electromagnetic radiation (F) wave-particle theory (G) electric field | D | As you can see in Figure 21.2, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave occur are at right angles to each other. Both fields are also at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. |
packet of electromagnetic energy | (A) photon (B) electromagnetic wave (C) magnetic field (D) transverse wave (E) electromagnetic radiation (F) wave-particle theory (G) electric field | A | Electromagnetic radiation behaves like waves of energy most of the time, but sometimes it behaves like particles. As evidence accumulated for this dual nature of electromagnetic radiation, the famous physicist Albert Einstein developed a new theory about electromagnetic radiation, called the wave-particle theory. This ... |
wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields | (A) photon (B) electromagnetic wave (C) magnetic field (D) transverse wave (E) electromagnetic radiation (F) wave-particle theory (G) electric field | B | An electromagnetic wave is a wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. A familiar example will help you understand the fields that make up an electromagnetic wave. Think about a common bar magnet. It exerts magnetic force in an area surrounding it, called the magnetic field. You can see the magnetic... |
invisible area of force surrounding a magnet | (A) photon (B) electromagnetic wave (C) magnetic field (D) transverse wave (E) electromagnetic radiation (F) wave-particle theory (G) electric field | C | Like the electric field that surrounds a charged particle, a magnetic field surrounds a magnet. This is the area around the magnet where it exerts magnetic force. Figure 24.3 shows the magnetic field surrounding a bar magnet. Tiny bits of iron, called iron filings, were placed under a sheet of glass. When the magnet wa... |
How long does it take electromagnetic radiation to reach Earth from the sun? | (A) 1 second (B) 75 seconds (C) 8 minutes (D) 93 minutes | C | All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through empty space. That speed, called the speed of light, is about 300 million meters per second (3.0 x 108 m/s). Nothing else in the universe is known to travel this fast. The sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) from Earth, but it takes electromag... |
What happens to light when it passes from water to air? | (A) Its speed decreases (B) Its frequency increases (C) Its wavelength decreases (D) none of the above | D | Transmission of light occurs when light passes through matter. As light is transmitted, it may pass straight through matter or it may be refracted or scattered as it passes through. When light is refracted, it changes direction as it passes into a new medium and changes speed. The straw in the Figure 1.2 looks bent whe... |
If the frequency of an electromagnetic wave is 6.0 108 hertz, what is its wavelength? | (A) 05 m (B) 10 m (C) 15 m (D) 20 m | A | The speed of a wave is a product of its wavelength and frequency. Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa. This relationship is represented by the equation: Speed = Wavelength Frequency The equation for wave... |
Electromagnetic waves with the lowest frequencies may have wavelengths as long as | (A) many kilometers (B) a few meters (C) a couple of centimeters (D) a fraction of a millimeter | A | Electromagnetic waves on the left side of the Figure 1.1 are called radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths. They may have wavelengths longer than a soccer field. They are also the electromagnetic waves with the lowest frequencies. With their low frequencies, they have the least ... |
Which statement about electromagnetic waves is true? | (A) An electromagnetic wave with a shorter wavelength has a lower frequency (B) All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed across space (C) All electromagnetic waves are harmful (D) none of the above | B | As you can see in the Figure 1.3, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. Both fields are also perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. However, unlike a mechanical tran... |
Some electromagnetic waves are extremely harmful. | (A) true (B) false | A | The shortest-wavelength, highest-frequency electromagnetic waves are X rays and gamma rays. These rays have so much energy that they can pass through many materials. This makes them potentially very harmful, but it also makes them useful for certain purposes. |
All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed across space. | (A) true (B) false | A | All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through empty space. That speed, called the speed of light, is about 300 million meters per second (3.0 x 108 m/s). Nothing else in the universe is known to travel this fast. The sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) from Earth, but it takes electromag... |
It takes electromagnetic radiation 93 minutes to reach Earth from the sun. | (A) true (B) false | B | All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through empty space. That speed, called the speed of light, is about 300 million meters per second (3.0 x 108 m/s). Nothing else in the universe is known to travel this fast. The sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) from Earth, but it takes electromag... |
All electromagnetic waves have the same wavelength. | (A) true (B) false | B | Although all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, they may differ in their wavelength and frequency. |
Electromagnetic waves travel more quickly through a medium than they do across space. | (A) true (B) false | B | As you can see in the Figure 1.3, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. Both fields are also perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. However, unlike a mechanical tran... |
The frequencies of electromagnetic waves range from 1 to 100 hertz. | (A) true (B) false | B | Electromagnetic waves on the left side of the Figure 1.1 are called radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths. They may have wavelengths longer than a soccer field. They are also the electromagnetic waves with the lowest frequencies. With their low frequencies, they have the least ... |
The highest-frequency electromagnetic waves may have frequencies of trillions of hertz. | (A) true (B) false | A | As you can see in the Figure 1.1, gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies of all electromagnetic waves. Their wavelengths are shorter than the diameter of atomic nuclei, and their frequencies are greater than 1019 hertz (Hz). Thats 10 quadrillion waves per second! Because of their high frequenc... |
The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is inversely related to its wavelength. | (A) true (B) false | A | Wavelength and frequency are defined in the same way for electromagnetic waves as they are for mechanical waves. Both properties are illustrated in Figure 21.5. Wavelength is the distance between corresponding points of adjacent waves. Wavelengths of electromagnetic waves range from many kilometers to a tiny fraction o... |
Light is diffracted when it passes from air to water at an angle. | (A) true (B) false | B | Transmission of light occurs when light passes through matter. As light is transmitted, it may pass straight through matter or it may be refracted or scattered as it passes through. When light is refracted, it changes direction as it passes into a new medium and changes speed. The straw in the Figure 1.2 looks bent whe... |
Light has a faster speed across space than do any other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. | (A) true (B) false | B | All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through empty space. That speed, called the speed of light, is about 300 million meters per second (3.0 x 108 m/s). Nothing else in the universe is known to travel this fast. The sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) from Earth, but it takes electromag... |
Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in all media. | (A) true (B) false | B | Although all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, they may differ in their wavelength and frequency. |
If you know only the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave, you can calculate its frequency. | (A) true (B) false | A | The speed of a wave is a product of its wavelength and frequency. Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa. This relationship is represented by the equation: Speed = Wavelength Frequency The equation for wave... |
distance between corresponding points of adjacent waves | (A) speed of light (B) wavelength (C) wave frequency (D) wave speed (E) light (F) medium | B | Another important measure of wave size is wavelength. Wavelength is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves (see Figure 19.11). Wavelength can be measured as the distance between two adjacent crests of a transverse wave or two adjacent compressions of a longitudinal wave. It is usually measured ... |
fastest known speed in the universe | (A) speed of light (B) wavelength (C) wave frequency (D) wave speed (E) light (F) medium | A | All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through empty space. That speed, called the speed of light, is about 300 million meters per second (3.0 x 108 m/s). Nothing else in the universe is known to travel this fast. The sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) from Earth, but it takes electromag... |
matter through which an electromagnetic wave may travel | (A) speed of light (B) wavelength (C) wave frequency (D) wave speed (E) light (F) medium | F | As you can see in the Figure 1.3, the electric and magnetic fields that make up an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. Both fields are also perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave. However, unlike a mechanical tran... |
number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time | (A) speed of light (B) wavelength (C) wave frequency (D) wave speed (E) light (F) medium | C | The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is wave frequency. Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests (high points) of waves that pass the fixed point in 1 second or some other time period. The higher the number is, the greater the frequency of the waves. The SI unit f... |
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