instruction stringlengths 5 342 | input stringlengths 18 558 | output stringclasses 7
values | context stringlengths 31 6.57k |
|---|---|---|---|
A wave caused by a disturbance with greater energy has greater amplitude. | (A) true (B) false | A | A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude. Imagine dropping a small pebble into a pond of still water. Tiny ripples will move out from the disturbance in concentric circles. The ripples are low- amplitude waves with very little energy. Now imagine throwing a big boulder into the pond. Very l... |
If you know the speed and wavelength of a wave, you can calculate its frequency. | (A) true (B) false | A | The equation for wave speed (above) can be rewritten as: Frequency = Speed Wavelength or Wavelength = Speed Frequency Therefore, if you know the speed of a wave and either the wavelength or wave frequency, you can calculate the missing value. For example, suppose that a wave is traveling at a speed of 2 meters per seco... |
Waves generally travel most slowly in gases. | (A) true (B) false | A | The speed of most waves depends on the medium through which they are traveling. Generally, waves travel fastest through solids and slowest through gases. Thats because particles are closest together in solids and farthest apart in gases. When particles are farther apart, it takes longer for the energy of the disturbanc... |
A wave with a higher frequency always has a greater speed than a wave with a lower frequency. | (A) true (B) false | B | The frequency of a wave is the same as the frequency of the vibrations that caused the wave. For example, to generate a higher-frequency wave in a rope, you must move the rope up and down more quickly. This takes more energy, so a higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude... |
One measure of wave size is wave frequency. | (A) true (B) false | B | The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is wave frequency. Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests (high points) of waves that pass the fixed point in 1 second or some other time period. The higher the number is, the greater the frequency of the waves. The SI unit f... |
Measures of wave size include | (A) wavelength (B) wave amplitude (C) wave frequency (D) two of the above | D | The height of a wave is its amplitude. Another measure of wave size is wavelength. Both wave amplitude and wave- length are described in detail below. Figure 19.11 shows these wave measures for both transverse and longitudinal waves. You can also simulate waves with different amplitudes and wavelengths by doing the int... |
The resting position of a transverse wave is called a trough. | (A) true (B) false | B | A transverse wave is characterized by the high and low points reached by particles of the medium as the wave passes through. The high points are called crests, and the low points are called troughs. You can see both in the Figure below. |
The amplitude of a transverse wave is the distance between | (A) two adjacent crests (B) two adjacent troughs (C) a crest and a trough (D) a crest and the resting position | D | Wave amplitude is the maximum distance the particles of the medium move from their resting positions when a wave passes through. The resting position of a particle of the medium is where the particle would be in the absence of a wave. The Figure 1.1 show the amplitudes of two different types of waves: transverse and lo... |
What is the speed of a wave that has a wavelength of 0.5 meters and a frequency of 2 waves per second? | (A) 14 m/s (B) 1 m/s (C) 4 m/s (D) 10 m/s | B | The equation for wave speed (above) can be rewritten as: Frequency = Speed Wavelength or Wavelength = Speed Frequency Therefore, if you know the speed of a wave and either the wavelength or wave frequency, you can calculate the missing value. For example, suppose that a wave is traveling at a speed of 2 meters per seco... |
If you know only a waves amplitude and wavelength, you can calculate its speed. | (A) true (B) false | B | The equation for wave speed can be used to calculate the speed of a wave when both wavelength and wave frequency are known. Consider an ocean wave with a wavelength of 3 meters and a frequency of 1 hertz. The speed of the wave is: Speed = 3 m x 1 wave/s = 3 m/s Q: Kim made a wave in a spring by pushing and pulling on o... |
Wave amplitude depends on | (A) wavelength (B) wave speed (C) wave energy (D) wave frequency (E) wave energy of the original disturbance | C | Wave amplitude is the maximum distance the particles of a medium move from their resting position when a wave passes through. The resting position is where the particles would be in the absence of a wave. In a transverse wave, wave amplitude is the height of each crest above the resting position. The higher the crests ... |
Wave speed and wavelength have an inverse relationship. | (A) true (B) false | B | Wave speed is related to both wavelength and wave frequency. Wavelength is the distance between two correspond- ing points on adjacent waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. This equation shows how the three factors are related: Speed = Wavelength x Wave Frequenc... |
A tsunami is an ocean wave with an unusually great amplitude. | (A) true (B) false | A | Tsunami are deadly ocean waves from the sharp jolt of an undersea earthquake. Less frequently, these waves can be generated by other shocks to the sea, like a meteorite impact. Fortunately, few undersea earthquakes, and even fewer meteorite impacts, generate tsunami. |
When one wave passes a fixed point every second, the frequency of the waves is | (A) 01 Hz (B) 1 Hz (C) 10 Hz (D) none of the above | B | The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is wave frequency. Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests (high points) of waves that pass the fixed point in 1 second or some other time period. The higher the number is, the greater the frequency of the waves. The SI unit f... |
Assume that a wave has a fixed speed. If the frequency of the wave increases, its wavelength | (A) increases (B) decreases (C) does not change (D) may or may not change | B | Wave speed is related to both wavelength and wave frequency. Wavelength is the distance between two correspond- ing points on adjacent waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. This equation shows how the three factors are related: Speed = Wavelength x Wave Frequenc... |
The speed of waves depends on their | (A) wavelength (B) frequency (C) medium (D) all of the above | D | The speed of most waves depends on the medium, or the matter through which the waves are traveling. Generally, waves travel fastest through solids and slowest through gases. Thats because particles are closest together in solids and farthest apart in gases. When particles are farther apart, it takes longer for the ener... |
maximum distance the particles of a medium move from their resting position | (A) hertz (B) wavelength (C) wave amplitude (D) resting position (E) wave frequency (F) crest (G) wave speed | C | The energy of a mechanical wave can travel only through matter. This matter is called the medium (plural, media). The medium in Figure 19.1 is a liquid the water in the pond. But the medium of a mechanical wave can be any state of matter, including a solid or a gas. Its important to note that particles of matter in the... |
number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time | (A) hertz (B) wavelength (C) wave amplitude (D) resting position (E) wave frequency (F) crest (G) wave speed | E | The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is wave frequency. Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests (high points) of waves that pass the fixed point in 1 second or some other time period. The higher the number is, the greater the frequency of the waves. The SI unit f... |
how far a wave travels in a given amount of time | (A) hertz (B) wavelength (C) wave amplitude (D) resting position (E) wave frequency (F) crest (G) wave speed | G | Wave speed is the distance a wave travels in a given amount of time, such as the number of meters it travels per second. Wave speed (and speed in general) can be represented by the equation: Speed = Distance Time |
highest point reached by particles of the medium in a transverse wave | (A) hertz (B) wavelength (C) wave amplitude (D) resting position (E) wave frequency (F) crest (G) wave speed | F | A transverse wave is characterized by the high and low points reached by particles of the medium as the wave passes through. The high points are called crests, and the low points are called troughs. You can see both in the Figure below. |
distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves | (A) hertz (B) wavelength (C) wave amplitude (D) resting position (E) wave frequency (F) crest (G) wave speed | B | Another important measure of wave size is wavelength. Wavelength is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves (see Figure 19.11). Wavelength can be measured as the distance between two adjacent crests of a transverse wave or two adjacent compressions of a longitudinal wave. It is usually measured ... |
location of particles of the medium in the absence of a wave | (A) hertz (B) wavelength (C) wave amplitude (D) resting position (E) wave frequency (F) crest (G) wave speed | D | The energy of a mechanical wave can travel only through matter. This matter is called the medium (plural, media). The medium in Figure 19.1 is a liquid the water in the pond. But the medium of a mechanical wave can be any state of matter, including a solid or a gas. Its important to note that particles of matter in the... |
SI unit for wave frequency | (A) hertz (B) wavelength (C) wave amplitude (D) resting position (E) wave frequency (F) crest (G) wave speed | A | The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is wave frequency. Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests (high points) of waves that pass the fixed point in 1 second or some other time period. The higher the number is, the greater the frequency of the waves. The SI unit f... |
An echo occurs because of wave | (A) interference (B) diffraction (C) refraction (D) reflection | D | An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves. For example, Figure 19.15 shows the reflection of ocean waves off a rocky coast. Light waves can also be reflected. In fact, tha... |
If a wave strikes a barrier at a 45 angle, what is the angle of reflection? | (A) 180 (B) 120 (C) 90 (D) 45 | D | An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves. For example, Figure 19.15 shows the reflection of ocean waves off a rocky coast. Light waves can also be reflected. In fact, tha... |
Light is refracted when it | (A) strikes a barrier it cannot pass through (B) spreads around an obstacle such as a wall (C) passes from air to water at an angle (D) interferes with other waves | C | Transmission of light occurs when light passes through matter. As light is transmitted, it may pass straight through matter or it may be refracted or scattered as it passes through. When light is refracted, it changes direction as it passes into a new medium and changes speed. The straw in the Figure 1.2 looks bent whe... |
What happens when a wave passes around a barrier that is shorter than its wavelength? | (A) The wave has a large angle of incidence (B) The wave spreads out around the barrier (C) The wave is refracted (D) none of the above | B | Did you ever notice that when youre walking down a street, you can hear sounds around the corners of buildings? Figure 19.18 shows why this happens. As you can see from the figure, sound waves spread out and travel around obstacles. This is called diffraction. It also occurs when waves pass through an opening in an obs... |
Constructive interference occurs when two waves pass through each other and the | (A) crests of both waves cancel each other out (B) crests of both waves have a smaller amplitude (C) crests of one wave overlap crests of the other wave (D) crests of one wave cancel out troughs of the other wave | C | Constructive interference occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the crests of the other wave. This is illustrated in Figure 19.20. As the waves pass through each other, the crests combine to produce a wave with greater amplitude. You can see an animation of constructive interference at this URL: http://phys23p.sl.... |
Reflection occurs only with sound waves. | (A) true (B) false | B | An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves. For example, Figure 19.15 shows the reflection of ocean waves off a rocky coast. Light waves can also be reflected. In fact, tha... |
All reflected waves appear to be standing still. | (A) true (B) false | B | When a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected wave interferes with the original wave and creates a standing wave. This is a wave that appears to be standing still. A standing wave occurs because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference between a wave and its reflected wave.... |
The angle of incidence is always greater than the angle of reflection. | (A) true (B) false | B | One thing is true of both regular and diffuse reflection. The angle at which the reflected rays leave the surface is equal to the angle at which the incident rays strike the surface. This is known as the law of reflection. The law is illustrated in the Figure 1.3. |
Reflected waves have the same speed as the original waves before they were reflected. | (A) true (B) false | A | An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves. For example, Figure 19.15 shows the reflection of ocean waves off a rocky coast. Light waves can also be reflected. In fact, tha... |
Diffraction is more pronounced with sound waves than light waves. | (A) true (B) false | A | Did you ever notice that when youre walking down a street, you can hear sounds around the corners of buildings? Figure 19.18 shows why this happens. As you can see from the figure, sound waves spread out and travel around obstacles. This is called diffraction. It also occurs when waves pass through an opening in an obs... |
Diffraction occurs because waves travel at different speeds in different media. | (A) true (B) false | B | Refraction is another way that waves interact with matter. Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. You can see an example of refraction in Figure 19.17. Light bends when it passes from air to water. The bending of the light causes the pencil to appear broken. Why do waves bend as they ... |
Wave interference occurs whenever waves enter a new medium. | (A) true (B) false | B | When two or more waves meet, they interact with each other. The interaction of waves with other waves is called wave interference. Wave interference may occur when two waves that are traveling in opposite directions meet. The two waves pass through each other, and this affects their amplitude. Amplitude is the maximum ... |
Wave interference occurs only when a wave is reflected. | (A) true (B) false | B | When a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected wave interferes with the original wave and creates a standing wave. This is a wave that appears to be standing still. A standing wave occurs because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference between a wave and its reflected wave.... |
You can hear sounds around the corner of a building because the sound waves are refracted. | (A) true (B) false | B | Did you ever notice that when youre walking down a street, you can hear sounds around the corners of buildings? Figure 19.18 shows why this happens. As you can see from the figure, sound waves spread out and travel around obstacles. This is called diffraction. It also occurs when waves pass through an opening in an obs... |
Light waves refract when they pass from air to water. | (A) true (B) false | A | Refraction is another way that waves interact with matter. Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. You can see an example of refraction in Figure 19.17. Light bends when it passes from air to water. The bending of the light causes the pencil to appear broken. Why do waves bend as they ... |
Destructive interference decreases the amplitude of waves. | (A) true (B) false | A | Destructive interference occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the troughs, or lowest points, of another wave. The Figure 1.2 shows what happens. As the waves pass through each other, the crests and troughs cancel each other out to produce a wave with zero amplitude. |
A standing wave forms when a wave is refracted. | (A) true (B) false | B | When a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected wave interferes with the original wave and creates a standing wave. This is a wave that appears to be standing still. A standing wave occurs because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference between a wave and its reflected wave.... |
Interference occurs only when the crests of one wave overlap with the troughs of another wave. | (A) true (B) false | B | Destructive interference occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the troughs, or lowest points, of another wave. The Figure 1.2 shows what happens. As the waves pass through each other, the crests and troughs cancel each other out to produce a wave with zero amplitude. |
A standing wave occurs when a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle. | (A) true (B) false | A | When a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected wave interferes with the original wave and creates a standing wave. This is a wave that appears to be standing still. A standing wave occurs because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference between a wave and its reflected wave.... |
Wave interference always changes the speed of a wave. | (A) true (B) false | B | Although all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, they may differ in their wavelength and frequency. |
change in direction of waves as they enter a new medium at an angle | (A) diffraction (B) wave interaction (C) reflection (D) constructive interference (E) refraction (F) destructive interference (G) wave interference | E | Refraction is another way that waves interact with matter. Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. You can see an example of refraction in Figure 19.17. Light bends when it passes from air to water. The bending of the light causes the pencil to appear broken. Why do waves bend as they ... |
bouncing back of waves from a barrier | (A) diffraction (B) wave interaction (C) reflection (D) constructive interference (E) refraction (F) destructive interference (G) wave interference | C | An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves. For example, Figure 19.15 shows the reflection of ocean waves off a rocky coast. Light waves can also be reflected. In fact, tha... |
any interaction of waves with other waves | (A) diffraction (B) wave interaction (C) reflection (D) constructive interference (E) refraction (F) destructive interference (G) wave interference | G | Waves interact not only with matter in the ways described above. Waves also interact with other waves. This is called wave interference. Wave interference may occur when two waves that are traveling in opposite directions meet. The two waves pass through each other, and this affects their amplitude. How amplitude is af... |
situation in which crests of one wave overlap crests of another wave | (A) diffraction (B) wave interaction (C) reflection (D) constructive interference (E) refraction (F) destructive interference (G) wave interference | D | Constructive interference occurs when the crests, or highest points, of one wave overlap the crests of the other wave. You can see this in the Figure 1.1. As the waves pass through each other, the crests combine to produce a wave with greater amplitude. |
any interaction of waves with matter | (A) diffraction (B) wave interaction (C) reflection (D) constructive interference (E) refraction (F) destructive interference (G) wave interference | B | Waves interact with matter in several ways. The interactions occur when waves pass from one medium to another. Besides bouncing back like an echo, waves may bend or spread out when they strike a new medium. These three ways that waves may interact with matter are called reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Each typ... |
spreading out of waves as they pass around a barrier | (A) diffraction (B) wave interaction (C) reflection (D) constructive interference (E) refraction (F) destructive interference (G) wave interference | A | Did you ever notice that when youre walking down a street, you can hear sounds around the corners of buildings? Figure 19.18 shows why this happens. As you can see from the figure, sound waves spread out and travel around obstacles. This is called diffraction. It also occurs when waves pass through an opening in an obs... |
situation in which crests of one wave overlap troughs of another wave | (A) diffraction (B) wave interaction (C) reflection (D) constructive interference (E) refraction (F) destructive interference (G) wave interference | F | Destructive interference occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the troughs, or lowest points, of another wave. The Figure 1.2 shows what happens. As the waves pass through each other, the crests and troughs cancel each other out to produce a wave with zero amplitude. |
Ways that waves may interact with matter include | (A) diffraction (B) destructive interference (C) constructive interference (D) all of the above | A | Waves interact with matter in several ways. The interactions occur when waves pass from one medium to another. Besides bouncing back like an echo, waves may bend or spread out when they strike a new medium. These three ways that waves may interact with matter are called reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Each typ... |
Reflected waves differ from the original waves before they were reflected in their | (A) speed (B) direction (C) frequency (D) wavelength | B | An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves. For example, Figure 19.15 shows the reflection of ocean waves off a rocky coast. Light waves can also be reflected. In fact, tha... |
Refraction occurs because waves | (A) cannot travel through an obstacle such as a wall (B) travel at different speeds in different media (C) interfere with their reflected waves (D) none of the above | B | Refraction is another way that waves interact with matter. Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. You can see an example of refraction in Figure 19.17. Light bends when it passes from air to water. The bending of the light causes the pencil to appear broken. Why do waves bend as they ... |
If the length of an obstacle is greater than the wavelength of a wave, you would expect to see | (A) no diffraction (B) very little diffraction (C) a lot of diffraction (D) wave interference | B | The wavelength of a wave is related to the waves energy. Short-wavelength waves have more energy than long- wavelength waves of the same amplitude. (Amplitude is a measure of how far particles of the medium move up and down or back and forth when a wave passes through them.) You can see examples of transverse waves wit... |
A standing wave is a wave that | (A) is not moving (B) has an upright direction (C) is taller than other waves (D) appears to be standing still | D | When a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected wave interferes with the original wave and creates a standing wave. This is a wave that appears to be standing still. A standing wave occurs because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference between a wave and its reflected wave.... |
A standing wave occurs because of a combination of | (A) incidence and reflection (B) refraction and diffraction (C) refraction and interference (D) constructive and destructive interference | D | When a wave is reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected wave interferes with the original wave and creates a standing wave. This is a wave that appears to be standing still. A standing wave occurs because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference between a wave and its reflected wave.... |
Which statement about destructive interference is true? | (A) It occurs when waves pass through each other (B) It results in a wave with a higher frequency (C) It occurs when waves interact with matter (D) It always produces a standing wave | A | Destructive interference occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the troughs of another wave. This is illustrated in Figure 19.21. As the waves pass through each other, the crests and troughs cancel each other out to produce a wave with less amplitude. You can see an animation of destructive interference at this URL... |
Through which medium do sounds waves travel most slowly? | (A) air (B) wood (C) glass (D) aluminum | A | The speed of most waves depends on the medium, or the matter through which the waves are traveling. Generally, waves travel fastest through solids and slowest through gases. Thats because particles are closest together in solids and farthest apart in gases. When particles are farther apart, it takes longer for the ener... |
Assume that sound A has a decibel level of 10 and sound B has a decibel level of 30. How many times louder is sound B than sound A? | (A) 3 (B) 10 (C) 20 (D) 100 | D | The Figure 1.1 shows decibel levels of several different sounds. As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder. For every 10-decibel increase in the intensity of sound, loudness is 10 times greater. Therefore, a 30-decibel quiet room is 10 times louder than a 20-decibel whisper,... |
What determines the intensity of sound? | (A) amplitude of sound waves (B) frequency of sound waves (C) distance from the sound source (D) two of the above | D | The intensity of sound waves determines the loudness of sounds, but what determines intensity? Intensity results from two factors: the amplitude of the sound waves and how far they have traveled from the source of the sound. Amplitude is a measure of the size of sound waves. It depends on the amount of energy that star... |
Compared with a low-pitched sound, a high-pitched sound has sound waves with | (A) greater intensity (B) higher frequency (C) greater amplitude (D) longer wavelength | B | How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch. Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. High-pitched sounds, like the sounds of the piccolo in the Figure 1.1, have high-frequency waves. Low-pitched sounds... |
Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about | (A) 10 and 10 (B) 000 Hz (C) b 20 and 20 (D) 000 Hz (E) c 20 and 140 Hz (F) d 10 and 120 Hz | B | The frequency of sound waves is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a second. Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz are called infrasound. Infrasound is too low-pitched for humans to hear. So... |
The speed of sound in air at 20 C is | (A) 343 m/s (B) 1437 m/s (C) 3850 m/s (D) 4540 m/s | A | The speed of sound also depends on the temperature of the medium. For a given medium, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures. You can compare the speed of sound in dry air at different temperatures in the following Table 1.2. At a lower temperature, particles of the medium are moving more slowly, so it takes th... |
The Doppler effect occurs when the sound source | (A) is moving relative to the listener (B) produces sound waves with a frequency above 10 (C) 000 Hz (D) c starts producing lower frequency sound waves (E) d starts producing greater amplitude sound waves | A | The Doppler effect is a change in the frequency of sound waves that occurs when the source of the sound waves is moving relative to a stationary listener. (It can also occur when the sound source is stationary and the listener is moving.) The Figure 1.1 shows how the Doppler effect occurs. The sound waves from the poli... |
All sounds begin with vibrations in matter. | (A) true (B) false | A | All sounds begin with vibrating matter. It could be the ground vibrating when a tree comes crashing down. Or it could be guitar strings vibrating when they are plucked. You can see a guitar string vibrating in Figure 20.2. The vibrating string repeatedly pushes against the air particles next to it. The pressure of the ... |
Sound waves generally travel most quickly through gases. | (A) true (B) false | B | The speed of most waves depends on the medium through which they are traveling. Generally, waves travel fastest through solids and slowest through gases. Thats because particles are closest together in solids and farthest apart in gases. When particles are farther apart, it takes longer for the energy of the disturbanc... |
Sounds can travel through air and water but not through solids. | (A) true (B) false | B | Most of the sounds we hear reach our ears through the air, but sounds can also travel through liquids and solids. If you swim underwateror even submerge your ears in bathwaterany sounds you hear have traveled to your ears through the water. Some solids, including glass and metals, are very good at transmitting sounds. ... |
Sound waves travel more quickly in warm air than cold air. | (A) true (B) false | A | Sound waves are mechanical waves, and mechanical waves can only travel through matter. The matter through which the waves travel is called the medium (plural, media). The Table 1.1 gives the speed of sound in several different media. Generally, sound waves travel most quickly through solids, followed by liquids, and th... |
The amount of water vapor in the air affects the speed of sound through air. | (A) true (B) false | A | The speed of sound is the distance that sound waves travel in a given amount of time. You probably already know that sound travels more slowly than light. Thats why you usually see the flash of lightning before you hear the boom of thunder. However, the speed of sound isnt constant. It varies depending on the medium of... |
Sounds that are too high in frequency for humans to hear are called infrasound. | (A) true (B) false | B | The frequency of sound waves is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a second. Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz are called infrasound. Infrasound is too low-pitched for humans to hear. So... |
As distance from a sound source increases, the area covered by the sound waves decreases. | (A) true (B) false | B | The intensity of sound waves determines the loudness of sounds, but what determines intensity? Intensity results from two factors: the amplitude of the sound waves and how far they have traveled from the source of the sound. Amplitude is a measure of the size of sound waves. It depends on the amount of energy that star... |
As the decibel level of sounds gets higher, the pitch of the sounds always gets higher. | (A) true (B) false | B | How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch. Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. High-pitched sounds, like the sounds of the piccolo in the Figure 1.1, have high-frequency waves. Low-pitched sounds... |
The intensity of sound waves is the same regardless of distance from the sound source. | (A) true (B) false | B | The intensity of sound waves determines the loudness of sounds, but what determines intensity? Intensity results from two factors: the amplitude of the sound waves and how far they have traveled from the source of the sound. Amplitude is a measure of the size of sound waves. It depends on the amount of energy that star... |
Some animals can hear sounds with frequencies as high as 100,000 Hz. | (A) true (B) false | A | The frequency of sound waves is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a second. Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz are called infrasound. Infrasound is too low-pitched for humans to hear. So... |
how loud or soft a sound seems to a listener | (A) loudness (B) infrasound (C) sound (D) decibel (E) intensity (F) ultrasound (G) pitch | A | Loudness refers to how loud or soft a sound seems to a listener. The loudness of sound is determined, in turn, by the intensity of the sound waves. Intensity is a measure of the amount of energy in sound waves. The unit of intensity is the decibel (dB). |
sounds with frequencies above 20,000 hertz | (A) loudness (B) infrasound (C) sound (D) decibel (E) intensity (F) ultrasound (G) pitch | F | The frequency of sound waves is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a second. Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz are called infrasound. Infrasound is too low-pitched for humans to hear. So... |
unit of sound intensity | (A) loudness (B) infrasound (C) sound (D) decibel (E) intensity (F) ultrasound (G) pitch | D | Loudness refers to how loud or soft a sound seems to a listener. The loudness of sound is determined, in turn, by the intensity of the sound waves. Intensity is a measure of the amount of energy in sound waves. The unit of intensity is the decibel (dB). |
how high or low a sound seems to a listener | (A) loudness (B) infrasound (C) sound (D) decibel (E) intensity (F) ultrasound (G) pitch | G | How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch. Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. High-pitched sounds, like the sounds of the piccolo in the Figure 1.1, have high-frequency waves. Low-pitched sounds... |
transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter | (A) loudness (B) infrasound (C) sound (D) decibel (E) intensity (F) ultrasound (G) pitch | C | Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Like other waves, electro- magnetic waves transfer energy from one place to another. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy through matter or ac... |
sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz | (A) loudness (B) infrasound (C) sound (D) decibel (E) intensity (F) ultrasound (G) pitch | B | The frequency of sound waves is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a second. Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz are called infrasound. Infrasound is too low-pitched for humans to hear. So... |
measure of the amount of energy in sound waves | (A) loudness (B) infrasound (C) sound (D) decibel (E) intensity (F) ultrasound (G) pitch | E | Loudness refers to how loud or soft a sound seems to a listener. The loudness of sound is determined, in turn, by the intensity of the sound waves. Intensity is a measure of the amount of energy in sound waves. The unit of intensity is the decibel (dB). |
Bones in the ear canal transmit sound waves to the middle ear. | (A) true (B) false | B | The middle ear contains three tiny bones (ossicles) called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. If you look at these bones in the Figure 1.1, you might notice that they resemble the objects for which they are named. The three bones transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The arrangement of the three bones all... |
Which choice shows the correct sequence in which sound waves travel through the ear? | (A) ear canal eardrum hammer (B) anvil oval window ear canal (C) stirrup pinna eardrum (D) eardrum ear canal cochlea | A | Hearing is the ability to sense sound. Sound travels through the air in waves, much like the waves you see in the water pictured below ( Figure 1.1). Sound waves in air cause vibrations inside the ears. The ears sense the vibrations. The human ear is pictured below ( Figure 1.2). As you read about it, trace the path of... |
The stirrup passes amplified sound waves to the oval window. | (A) true (B) false | A | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
In which structure of the ear are sound waves changed to nerve impulses? | (A) eardrum (B) stirrup (C) oval window (D) cochlea | D | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
We hear sound as soon as sound waves reach the middle ear. | (A) true (B) false | B | The stirrup in the middle ear passes the amplified sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window. When the oval window vibrates, it causes the cochlea to vibrate as well. The cochlea is a shell-like structure that is full of fluid and lined with nerve cells called hair cells. Each hair cell has many tiny hairs, ... |
Which structures are found in the outer ear? | (A) anvil (B) pinna (C) eardrum (D) b pinna (E) ear canal (F) eardrum (G) c ear canal (H) cochlea (I) stirrup (J) d hammer (K) pinna (L) ear canal | B | Figure 20.7 shows the three main parts of the ear: the outer, middle, and inner ear. It also shows the specific structures in each part. The roles of these structures in hearing are described below and in the animations at these URLS: (1:43) MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: |
Functions of the ossicles include | (A) amplifying sound waves (B) transferring sound waves (C) catching sound waves (D) two of the above | D | The middle ear contains three tiny bones (ossicles) called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. If you look at these bones in Figure 20.7, you might notice that they resemble the objects for which they are named. The three bones transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They also amplify the vibrations. The arr... |
Most adults experience at least some hearing loss as they get older. | (A) true (B) false | A | All these structures of the ear must work well for normal hearing. Damage to any of them, through illness or injury, may cause hearing loss. Total hearing loss is called deafness. To learn more about hearing loss, watch the animation at this URL: (1:39). MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: Most a... |
The most common cause of hearing loss is exposure to loud sounds. | (A) true (B) false | A | The most common cause of hearing loss is exposure to loud sounds. Loud sounds can damage hair cells inside the ears. Hair cells change sound waves to electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sounds. Louder sounds, which have greater intensity than softer sounds, can damage hair cells more quickly than softer ... |
Which decibel level of sound has the longest permissible exposure time? | (A) 85 dB (B) 100 dB (C) 106 dB (D) 115 dB | A | The Figure 1.1 shows decibel levels of several different sounds. As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder. For every 10-decibel increase in the intensity of sound, loudness is 10 times greater. Therefore, a 30-decibel quiet room is 10 times louder than a 20-decibel whisper,... |
Long-term exposure to loud sounds is needed to damage hearing. | (A) true (B) false | B | Hearing loss caused by loud sounds is permanent. However, this type of hearing loss can be prevented by protecting the ears from loud sounds. |
Many home and yard chores are loud enough to cause hearing loss. | (A) true (B) false | A | People who work in jobs that expose them to loud sounds must wear hearing protectors. Examples include construc- tion workers who work around loud machinery for many hours each day (see Figure 20.10). But anyone exposed to loud sounds for longer than the permissible exposure time should wear hearing protectors. Many ho... |
Electronic hearing protectors reduce the amplitude of high-amplitude sound waves. | (A) true (B) false | A | You can see two different types of hearing protectors in the Figure 1.3. Earplugs are simple hearing protectors that just muffle sounds by partially blocking all sound waves from entering the ears. This type of hearing protector is suitable for lower noise levels, such as the noise of a lawnmower or snowmobile. Electro... |
The brain interprets nerve impulses from the ears as sounds. | (A) true (B) false | A | What do listening to music and riding a bike have in common? Both activities depend on the ears. The ears are organs that sense sound. They also sense the position of the body and help maintain balance. Hearing is the ability to sense sound. Sound travels through the air in waves. Suppose a car horn blows in the distan... |
Materials used for earplugs include silicon and polyurethane foam. | (A) true (B) false | A | You can see two different types of hearing protectors in Figure 20.11. Earplugs are simple hearing protectors that just muffle sounds by partially blocking all sound waves from entering the ears. This type of hearing protector is suitable for lower noise levels, such as the noise of a lawnmower or snowmobile engine. El... |
The brain plays an essential role in hearing. | (A) true (B) false | A | The ear is a complex organ that senses sound energy so we can hear. Hearing is the ability to sense sound energy and perceive sound. All of the structures of the ear that are involved in hearing must work well for a person to have normal hearing. Damage to any of the structures, through illness or injury, may cause hea... |
part of the ear that extends outward from the head | (A) middle ear (B) ear canal (C) cochlea (D) pinna (E) eardrum (F) hair cell (G) ossicle | D | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. The pinna is the only part of the ear that extends outward from the head. Its position and shape make it good at catching sound waves and funneling them into the ear canal. The ear canal is a tube that carries sound waves into the ear. The sound waves travel thr... |
The most common cause of hearing loss is damage to the eardrum. | (A) true (B) false | B | All these structures of the ear must work well for normal hearing. Damage to any of them, through illness or injury, may cause hearing loss. Total hearing loss is called deafness. To learn more about hearing loss, watch the animation at this URL: (1:39). MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: Most a... |
any of three tiny bones in the middle ear | (A) middle ear (B) ear canal (C) cochlea (D) pinna (E) eardrum (F) hair cell (G) ossicle | G | The middle ear contains three tiny bones (ossicles) called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. If you look at these bones in Figure 20.7, you might notice that they resemble the objects for which they are named. The three bones transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. They also amplify the vibrations. The arr... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.