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[SOURCE: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ืžืจื›ื–_ื”ืกื—ืจ_ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™] | [TOKENS: 5392]
ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: World Trade Center; ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: WTC) ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืžื‘ื ื” ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื. ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืฉื›ืœืœื• 110 ืงื•ืžื•ืช (ืื ') ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืงืจืกื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืชืงืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001. ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ื—ื ืš ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืืชืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืœืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืชืงืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ. ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืจื• ื™ืžืืกืืงื™ (ืื ') ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘-5 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1966. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1970, ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1971. ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื›ืœืœ 1.24 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืž"ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ื™. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ (ืฉื›ื•ื ื” "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 1 (ืื ')") ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ (ืฉื›ื•ื ื” "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 2 (ืื ')"), ื›ืœืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 3 (ืื ')" ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืœื•ืŸ "ืžืจื™ื•ื˜ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™", ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 4 (ืื ')", ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 5 (ืื ')", ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 6 (ืื ')" ื‘ื• ืฉื›ื ื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžื›ืก ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 7 (ืื ')" ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื. ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื”ื•ืงื ืžืจื›ื– ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ ืฉืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœืชื—ื ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ื”ืžืงืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ืœื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™. ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ 7 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1974 ืžืชื— ื”ืœื•ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืคื™ืœื™ืค ืคื˜ื™ ื›ื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”-104 ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื (ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 480 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ื‘ืื•ืจืš 55 ืžื˜ืจื™ื) ื•ืฆืขื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 45 ื“ืงื•ืช (ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ื’ืฉื), ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืžื•ื˜ ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื ืขืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื ืœืงื— ืœื—ืงื™ืจื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื "ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื’ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื." ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจ: "ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื - ืื ื™ ืžืœื”ื˜ื˜ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื - ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš." ื”ื”ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ื•ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื–ื• ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืžืกืœื™ื“ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”"ืžืคืœืฆืช" ืœื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœืืชืจ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™. ื‘-13 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1975 ืคืจืฆื” ืฉืจืคื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™, ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ืœืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืืš ื›ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื–ืง ื ื’ืจื ืœืงื•ืžื” ื”ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื” ืื•ืœื ืœื ื ื’ืจื ื ื–ืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ื ื™ื–ื•ืงื• ืžื”ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืจืคื”. ื‘-26 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1993, ื‘ืฉืขื” 12:17 ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืื™ืช ื•ื‘ื” ื›-680 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืคืฅ ืคื•ืฆืฆื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™. ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืืกืœืืžื™ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืืœ-ืงืืขื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื” ืขืžื“ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ืจืžื–ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืœ ืœืืœืฃ ื ืคืฆืขื•. ืจืžื–ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื ืžืœื˜ ืœืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข, ืืš ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ืื™ืกืœืืžืื‘ืื“ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1995 ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืžืืกืจ ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืฉื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ืื•ืฃ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘-1998 ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœ 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืื•ืฃ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 1, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, 14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1998 ื”ืฉื•ื“ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืืœืฃ ื’ื•ืืจื™ื ื•, ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืคืฉืข DeCavalcante. ื’ื•ืืจื™ื ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืกืœื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืงืœืกื™ืื ื• ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘-1993, ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ืชื’ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืงืœืกื™ืื ื•. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื•ืืจื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ ืžืฉืื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืจื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื ืง ืชื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื“ืจืš ืžืขืœื™ืช ืœืงื•ืžื” ื”-11 ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืชื›ื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื“ ื•ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ: ืจื™ืฆ'ื™ ื’'ื™ืœื˜, ื‘ืŸ 39 ืžื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื–ื•ืจ ื˜ืจืืก, ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืง ื‘ืŸ ื”-44 ื•ืžื™ื™ืง ืจื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”-34.ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, 14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1998, ื˜ื ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื ืง'ืก ืขืฆืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืขื” 8:30 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืง ื›ืžื” ืฉืงื™ ื›ืกืฃ. ืจืง ื’'ื™ืœื˜ ืœื‘ืฉ ืžืกื›ืช ืกืงื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื. ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืกืš ืฉืœ 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ( ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ). ื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉืขื” 8:45 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื“, ืคื•ืœืง ื•ืจื™ื“ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื”ื• ื•ื ืœื›ื“ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ื’'ื™ืœื˜ ื ื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืœืชื” ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ืืžื˜ืจืง ืืš ืœื ื ืขืฆืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื•ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ืืœื‘ืงืจืงื™, ื ื™ื• ืžืงืกื™ืงื•, ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขื” 20:30 ื‘ืขืจื‘. 16 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ. ื”-FBI ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืขืœื• ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ื“. ืœื’ื•ืืจื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ, ืืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื™ FBI ื‘ืื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืฆืจื•, ื’ื•ืืจื™ื ื• ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืœึพFBI ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืคืฉืข ื“ืงื•ื•ืืœืงื ื˜ื”. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ 11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001 ื ื—ื˜ืคื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืชืฉืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืืœ-ืงืืขื™ื“ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืฉื”ืžืจื™ืื• ืžื ืžืœื™ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ืฉืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ื ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ืชืื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืก, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ - ื•ื”ืคื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืกืžืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™. ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื, ืฉืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื• ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื›ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืงืจืกื• ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช 10:28 (ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 1) ื•-9:59 (ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 2). ืงืจื™ืกืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื” ื”ืจืก ืจื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ืงืจืกื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื–ืจืžื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ืื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื ืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ืžื ื• ืขื ื”ื ืกืคื™ื. ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื ื”ืจื’ื• 2,977 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื ื”ืจื’ื• 2,606 ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 3 (ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืจื™ื•ื˜ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™) ื ืคื’ืข ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืš ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื• ื ื”ืจืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช (ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘-1993 ืงื˜ืข ืžืžื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืง). ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืฉืขื” 17:20, ืงืจืก ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ 7 (1987โ€“2001) ืขืงื‘ ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื• ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืงืจืก ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืฉ. ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืกืคื’ื• ื ื–ืงื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื”ืจืกื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช. ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืกืคื’ื• ื ื–ืงื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: One World Trade Center), ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื“ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจืกื• ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ 11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001. ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• 1,776 ืจื’ืœ (541.3 ืžื˜ืจ), ื›ืฉื ืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื” (ื”ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ืœ ืกื ื˜ืจืœ ืคืืจืง), ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2025. ื”ื•ื ื ื—ื ืš ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2014. ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื
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[SOURCE: https://www.lomdimbareshet.net] | [TOKENS: 1504]
ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื•, ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื, ื“ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”. ืงื”ืœ ื™ืขื“ ื‘ืืชืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคืขืจื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืืชืจ, ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืืžืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“. ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื , ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืงื“ืžืื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ, ื”ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืžื“ื”. ื‘ืืชืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ื“ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื . ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื™, ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ืชื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืงื“ืžืื™. ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื“ืข ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืชืจ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ื‘ 20 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•. ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืชืจ, ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฉื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ - ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ยฉ 2024 ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช - ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืฅ "ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช" ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™
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[SOURCE: https://www.lomdimbareshet.net/?utm_source=chatgpt.com#content] | [TOKENS: 1504]
ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื•, ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื, ื“ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”. ืงื”ืœ ื™ืขื“ ื‘ืืชืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคืขืจื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืืชืจ, ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืืžืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“. ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื , ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืงื“ืžืื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ, ื”ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืžื“ื”. ื‘ืืชืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ื“ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื . ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื™, ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ืชื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืงื“ืžืื™. ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื“ืข ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืชืจ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ื‘ 20 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•. ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืชืจ, ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฉื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ - ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ยฉ 2024 ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช - ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืฅ "ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช" ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/enterprise-hub-resource-groups] | [TOKENS: 77]
Hub documentation Resource groups Hub and get access to the augmented documentation experience to get started Resource groups This feature is part of the Team & Enterprise plans. Resource Groups allow organizations to enforce fine-grained access control to their repositories. This feature allows organization administrators to: This Team & Enterprise feature helps organizations manage complex team structures and maintain proper access control over their repositories. Getting started with Resource Groups โ†’
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[SOURCE: https://www.lomdimbareshet.net/] | [TOKENS: 1504]
ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื•, ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื, ื“ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”. ืงื”ืœ ื™ืขื“ ื‘ืืชืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคืขืจื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืืชืจ, ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืืžืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“. ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื , ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืงื“ืžืื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ, ื”ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืžื“ื”. ื‘ืืชืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ื“ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื . ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื™, ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ืชื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืงื“ืžืื™. ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื“ืข ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืชืจ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ื‘ 20 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•. ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืชืจ, ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฉื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ - ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ยฉ 2024 ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช - ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืฅ "ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช" ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™
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[SOURCE: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ_ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•#cite_note-361] | [TOKENS: 76002]
ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ึดึผื ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ืŸ (ื‘ึดึผื™ื‘ึดึผื™) ื ึฐืชึทื ึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ (ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘-21 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1949, ื›"ื— ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”'ืชืฉ"ื™) ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื“ื” ืคืงื˜ื•). ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1984โ€“1988 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•"ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ื‘-1993 ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช: ื‘ื™ืŸ 1996โ€“1999 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข; ื‘ื™ืŸ 2009โ€“2021 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ; ื•ืžืื– ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2022 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1999โ€“2002 ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืจืฉ ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”. ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื•ื•ืื™ ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2003โ€“2005, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืงื™ื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื”, ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018, ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2020, ื ื—ืชืžื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืืจื›ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ืจืขื• ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื ืŸ, ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ, ื•ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช. ื‘-2023 ืื™ืจืข ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื‘-2025 ืชืงืคื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื. ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืœืœื• ืืช ื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ืžืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 2005 ืœ-2013 ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€“ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืขืกืงืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011, ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020, ืงื™ื“ื•ื "ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช" ื‘ืฉื ืช 2023 ื•ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”. ื‘-24 ื‘ืžืื™ 2020 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืื– ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื ื’ื“ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช: ืชื™ืง 1000, ืชื™ืง 2000 ื•ืชื™ืง 4000. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืฉื ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•. ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2024 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ (ICC) ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื ื’ื“ื•, ื•ื ื’ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื” (ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกื’ืœ; 1912โ€“2000) ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• (1910โ€“2012) ื•ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ืื‘ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•, ื”ืคืจื“ืกืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืกื’ืœ. ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืชืœืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืž-1955 ื‘ืงื˜ืžื•ืŸ. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื "ื‘ื™ื‘ื™" ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื•, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืจื•ืŸ. ืื—ื•ืชื• ื ื”ื’ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื•[ื] ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ "ื‘ื™" ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืง ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื“, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”-60 ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1963, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•. ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ืจื” ื‘ืฆ'ืœื˜ื ื”ื, ืคืจื•ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ื” ืฉื‘ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”, ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘-1967 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื”"ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื ืฉืืจื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจืช ืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ืจืช ื’ื ืื—ื™ื• ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื’ื ืื—ื™ื• ืขื“ื•. ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื›ืœื•ื—ื ื•ื›ืžืคืงื“ ื›ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ืจื ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืชืฉื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืชื•ืคืช ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื•ืœืžื•ืก 4 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื”ืชืฉื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืคืชื— ื‘ืืฉ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืช 13, ื‘ืขืช ืฆืœื™ื—ืช ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืกื™ื™ื ืงื•ืจืก ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื—ื™"ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืคืงื“ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ื›ืžืคืงื“ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก "ืกื‘ื ื”", ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืคื™ืงื“ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ืคืฆืข ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืžืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืคืขื•ืœื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื ืชืงืข ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืคื™ืงื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืจ. ืžืคืงื“ ืคืœื’ืชื•, ืขื•ื–ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—ืฉ ืœืขื–ืจืชื ื•ื—ื™ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1972 ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืกืจืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื• ืžืฆื”"ืœ ื—ื–ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช MIT ืฉื‘ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก. ืขื ืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1973, ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ืœืชืจืช ืฉืœ "ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื" ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืฉืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ื–ืจืชื• ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืคื™ืงื“ ืขืœ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ 1981. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช (B.S.A.D) ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช MIT ื‘-1974, ื•ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ MIT ืกืœื•ืืŸ ื‘-1976. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ืฉืœื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขื ื–ืื‘ ืฆื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ืจ ืชื•ืจื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœืžื“ ื‘ึพMIT ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•, ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืขืกืงื™, "ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืค". ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื›ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื• "ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืื™" ืื• "ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืชืื™". ื ื™ืชืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืขื˜ ืฉื‘ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื—ืชื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขืœ ืžืืžืจื™ื•. ื‘-1976 ืฉื›ืœ ืืช ืื—ื™ื•, ื™ื•ื ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžื‘ืฆืข ืื ื˜ื‘ื”, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืคืงื“ ืกื™ื™ืจืช ืžื˜ื›"ืœ. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1977 ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืกื•ืฃ 1976 ื•ืขื“ 1980 ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ืฉืขืจืš ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘-1980 ื–ื›ื” ืขื ืื—ื™ื• ืขื“ื• ื‘ืคืจืก ื–'ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžื—ืงืจ, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ 1979โ€“1982 ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื "ืจื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช". ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืจ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืก, ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื•ึน ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžื ื•ืชื• ื›ืฆื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™. ืกื™., ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ 1982โ€“1984. ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื ืก ื›ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ, ืžื™ืœื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืขื“ ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืจื•ื–ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ื‘ื™ืŸ 1984โ€“1988 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•"ื ื•ื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ื›"ืœ ื”ืื•"ื, ืงื•ืจื˜ ื•ืœื“ื”ื™ื™ื, ืฉืฉื™ืจืช ื›ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืจืžืื›ื˜ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืชื‘ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื”ืื•"ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื•ืœื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘-1988 ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ. ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื‘-1988, ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“". ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ืฉื›ืœืœื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืืช ื™ื’ืืœ ื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”-12, ื•ื”ืชืžื ื” ืœืกื’ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืก, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฆืฆื• ื ื™ืฆื ื™ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืขืฆืžื• ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ืื•"ื, ื’ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘-1991 ื ืžื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ื“, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืžื™ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื”, ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™, ืขื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื”, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-1992, ื”ื•ืฆื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืคืœืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจ, ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘-1993 ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกืข ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” "ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช". ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื˜ืขืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ "ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื" ื ื™ืกื” ืœืกื—ื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงืœื˜ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื’ื™ื“ืชื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืฉืชื•. ื”ืจืžื™ื–ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืคืจืฉื”, ื”ืขืžื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืงืจืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ืžืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื ืฆืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื™. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื” ืงืฆื‘, ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœ-52.1% ืžื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช (72,705 ืžืชื•ืš 139,522 ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื™ื). ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ืž-1993 ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื‘ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื’ื ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืกืœื• ื‘', ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1995. ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืจืขื ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื—ื‘ืœ ืชืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉื ืืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ "ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช", ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืคืจืกื•ื ืจื‘. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ. ื‘-29 ื‘ืžืื™ 1996 ื ืขืจื›ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืืจื‘ืข-ืขืฉืจื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื”. ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื’ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ, ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจืก, ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฆื—ื•, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›-29,000 ืงื•ืœื•ืช. ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืชืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื’ื ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื— ืคืจืก ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 1.4%, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื’ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืคืขืœ ืœืจืขืช ืคืจืก, ืขืงื‘ ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฆื— ืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืชืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœ"ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“-ื’ืฉืจ-ืฆื•ืžืช". ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืคืจืก ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื•ื ืจื’ื–, ืžื” ืฉืคื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ืคืขืœื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื ืžื ืขื” ืžืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืขื ื‘ื™ ื–ืขื" ื•ื”ื”ืคื’ื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืคืจ ืงืื ื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืœื˜ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื•ื˜ื ื™ืง: "ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื", ื•ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืœื™ื˜ืื™ื, ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ื’ืœ ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืืจืชื•ืจ ืคื™ื ืงืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื ื’ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ืคืจืก ื™ื—ืœืง ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื. ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 47 ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžึพ18 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1996 ืขื“ ืœึพ6 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1999. ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืกืง ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื•, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš, ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืžืกืจื” ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ื‘'. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1996 ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืคืืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืืจื–, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช. ื‘-24 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1996 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืจืฆื• ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื ื”ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ื• 17 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื›ืžืื” ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืคืชื— ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื” ื“ื•ืœื•ืจื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ืคืจืช ืชื—ืช ืžืกื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืชื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ืคืชื— ื”ืžื ื”ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช "ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืœืข ืงื™ื•ืžื ื•". ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ืคืกืงื• ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืงืจื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืœืขืจืคืืช ืœืคืกื’ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื”ืคืกื’ื” ืกืœืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื—ืชื™ืžืช "ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ" ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1997. ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืกื’ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื ืงืจืื• "ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช". ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1997 ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืฉื ื™ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—'ืืœื“ ืžืฉืขืœ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื™ืคื” ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื™ "ื”ืžื•ืกื“" ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืื•ืชื” ื ืชืคืกื•. ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื, ืฉืœื—ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืจื•ืคืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืขืœ ื•ืฉื—ืจืจื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉื™ื™ื—' ืื—ืžื“ ื™ืืกื™ืŸ. ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืœื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื’ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื ืื‘ื• ืžืจื–ื•ืง, ืจืืฉ ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืžืืก ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ื ื—ื™ืชืชื• ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ื• ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื. ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจืก ื•ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง ื•ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1999, ืฉื ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื ืจืฆื—ื• 4 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื, ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื– ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ืชื™ืคื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขื“ 2008. ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™. ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื“ืจืฉื• ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ื™ื ืก ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืืช ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื•ืื™ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1998. ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชืžื ื” ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ, ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืฉื›ืœืœื” 13% ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ C ืฉื‘ื’ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ A ื•-B,โ€ 1% ื•-12% ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ื•ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื ืžืœ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืœืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืืžื ื” ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืงื“ืžื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•: โ€ื™ืชื ื• โ€“ ื™ืงื‘ืœื•, ืœื ื™ืชื ื• โ€“ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื•.โ€ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืืคื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืžืงื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘"ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช" ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื—ืœ ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ืจื•ืŸ ืœืื•ื“ืจ, ื ืฉืœื— ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื“ื ื™ืก ืจื•ืก ื•ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืง, ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ืกื›ืžืชื, ื›ืœืœื” ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช 1967, ืชื•ืš ืฉืชื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืงื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื: ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื (4 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1997), ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืจืช ืฆื ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ (23 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1997) ื•ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืช (5 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1997) ืฉื‘ื• ื ื”ืจื’ื• 12 ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืช 13 ื‘ืžืืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืืช ื”ืคืงืคื•ืง ืฉื‘ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื–ืจื– ืœื”ืงืžืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืคืขืœื• ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื™ื•"ืจ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง, ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจื•, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืชื•ืš ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืืฉืžืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืช ื•ืœืชืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื”.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืงื™ื“ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•, ืฉืœื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื’'ืจื™ ืคืืœื•ื•ืœ (ืื ') ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™, ืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื›ื™ื”ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืจื™ ืื•ืฆืจ: ื“ืŸ ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืืžืŸ ื•ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ื”. ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื“ืŸ ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ" ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™ ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื[ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”] ืฉื ืงื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 1998, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืจืขื•ืขื™ื ืขืžื•. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื“ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืืกื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื”ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื ืก ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื•ื—ืชืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืœืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™. ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ "ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ", ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื’ืจื ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืจื” ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช, ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช "Yes" ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื• ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœึปื•ึผื•ึผ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืžื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืืช ืจืฆื— ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ. ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™ ื’ืจื ืœืื›ื–ื‘ื” ืžืฆื“ ื—ืœืง ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื ืžื ืขื• ืžืœืกืคืง ืœื• ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื”ืžื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืงืคื” ืฉืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขื ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ื—ืก ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื›ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื[ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”] ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื ืืœื™ื• ื’ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืจืกื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•.[ื‘] ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื›ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืื”ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™. ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื• ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื, ืืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืขื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื›ืœื•ืช ืœื•. ื”ื”ืชืžืจืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื•. ืžืชื—ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื‘-21 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1998 ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ื–ื•ืจื” ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื•ื ืชืืจื™ืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื›ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืช ืื™-ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืชื”. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง, ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”; ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืœืจื•ืฅ ื ื’ื“ื•; ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ, ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ืขื–ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืืจื”. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืฉื• ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืืจื” ืžื”ืžืจื•ืฅ, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชืžืš ื‘ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืืจื” ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืง, ืฉื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื™ 1999, ื›ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ 56% ืžืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื• ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื›ืฉืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ ื›ืžื—ืœื™ืคื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ืœื™ืžื™ื ืชืœื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื• ื‘ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื•ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื”ืงืจืข ื‘ืขื ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ื” ืฉืจื—ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืžืืœ.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช 1999, ืคืจืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1999 ืžื•ื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื˜ืž ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจืช "ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคื™ื•ืœ". ืขื ื ืคื™ืœืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2000, ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง, ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืง ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืื—ืจืช ืœื ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”. ืžืคืœื’ืช ืฉ"ืก, ืฉืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื›ื•ื—ื”, ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืืš ืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืง ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืœ"ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจ" ื•ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ื˜ืจื ืžื‘ืฆืข "ื—ื•ืžืช ืžื’ืŸ", ืชืงืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืงืจื ืœื›ื ื™ืกืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื“ืขืชื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื›ื–ืืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืžื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื”. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2002 ื“ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืขื™ืจืืง. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื”ืขืจื™ืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™" ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื• ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืกื“ืื, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื™ืจืืง ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ืจืืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืžื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2002 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžืžืฉืœืช ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ืืš ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 24%. ืขื ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2003, ื”ื•ืฆืข ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืกื™ืจื‘ ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื• ื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืื›ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ืจืก ื›ื™ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืฉื•ืง ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืื•ืฆืจ, ืขืจืš ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืชืงื™ืคื”, ื•ืงื™ื“ื ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืง ืœ"ืื™ืฉ ื”ืจื–ื” (ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™) ื”ืกื•ื—ื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืŸ (ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™)". ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ืžื•, ืกื™ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžืก ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืืžืฆืข 2004 ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ืœื”ืคื—ืชื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืžืก ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช (25% ืœืขื•ืžืช 36%) ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2010 ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื (44% ืœืขื•ืžืช 50%). (ืžื’ืžื” ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื‘ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 โ€“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืขืœื” ืœ-48% ื•ืœ-50% ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013, ืื•ืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืก ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” ืขื“ ื›-40,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช.) ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš, ืืš ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืจืง ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืขืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื•ืงืคื ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ 147 ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ืž-15% ืœ-20% ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืจืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ืงื“ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2007 ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื— ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2004 ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืข"ืž ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 17%. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ("ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื”") ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื ื•ืขื“ื”, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืงืฆื‘ื” ื–ื• (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœืคืจื˜), ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”. ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื™, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“-ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื•ืจืจื• ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืžื—ืื•ืช, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื ืคื•. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘-2003 ื”ื•ื ืคืงื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ืžื ื™ื•ืช "ืืœ ืขืœ", ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื›ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช "ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื“ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ื–ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2004 ืžื›ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžื ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช "ืฆื™ื" (50% ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื”) ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ืกืžื™ ืขื•ืคืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—. ื”ืžื”ืœืš, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืžื™ืงื™ ืจื•ื–ื ื˜ืœ "ืขืกืงืช ื”ืฉืงืฉื•ืงื”", ืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื ื˜ ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืชื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื ืคืžืŸ, ืชืžื•ืจืช 1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ื›-80% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืกื—ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช "ื‘ื–ืง" ื ืžื›ืจื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ืŸ ื•ืื™ื™ืคืงืก, ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกืื™. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื• ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื ืžืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืœื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ื’ืžืœื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื ืžืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009, ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืงื‘ืข ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื ื›ืฉืœื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืœืืžืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื–ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืืคืฉืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื“ืœืช ืคืจืขื•ืŸ, ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื”. ืฆืขื“ ื–ื” ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืขืœืื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื. ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืงื™ื“ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื›ืจ". ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉืžื•ืžืฉื• ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื ืืœืฆื• ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืง. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ 2002 ืœ-2004 ืขืœื” ื‘ื›-10%, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื” ืœ-12%. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื• ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื. ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช. ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืฉืชืคืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2002 ื”ืชืงืฉืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ. ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉื ืช 2003 ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื ื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืžื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ (ืืฃ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”), ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ืคืจืกืžื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืžืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉืœ ืื”ื•ื“ ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื•ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื•, ื’ืจืžื” ืœืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ืื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื™ื—ืก ื“ื•-ืขืจื›ื™ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชืžืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืขื“ื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžืฆื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžืฉืืœ ืขื, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืืœ ื™ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ื›ืฉืขืœืชื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืขื“ื”, ืืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื•ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื™ืชืคื˜ืจ ืื ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืžืฉืืœ ืขื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืกื•ื’ ื‘ื• ืžื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื•ื ื•ืชืžืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืืœ ืขื. ืืช ื”ืชื ืขืจื•ืชื• ืžื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘, ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื—ืจืคืช ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืคืืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ ื•ืชื‘ืข ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืืœ ืขื, ืืš ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื‘-7 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005, ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืžืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื‘ืขื–ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื•ื "ื‘ืกื™ืก ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื•ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉ"ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื‘ื›ืจ" ื‘ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ื‘-30 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ืชื ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื•ื–ื™ ืœื ื“ืื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื—ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื "ืฉืžืืœื” ืžืžืจืฆ". ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืœื ื“ืื• ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2005, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืคืœื’ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืงื“ื™ืžื”", ื”ืคืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื”. ืžื•ืœื• ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืกื™ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฅ ื•ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ. ืขื•ื–ื™ ืœื ื“ืื•, ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื•ืคื–, ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื, ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช "ืงื“ื™ืžื”". ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-19 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2005, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืขื 44% ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช (ืžื•ืœ 33% ืœืฉืœื•ื, 12% ืœืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื•-9% ืœื›ืฅ). ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2006 ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืžืขืชื” ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื›ื ืกืช ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ื›ืš ื ื™ื˜ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉื ื•ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ]. ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆืขื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžื—ื“ ื–ื›ื” ืœืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ืœื—ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ื™ื• ืฉื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืขื“ ื ื ืงื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-17, ื•ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืฆืขื“ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™" ื•ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืื–. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-17 ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืžืŸ ืžืคืœื” ืœืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘-12 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ื–ืืช ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื”ื•ื“ ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื•ืœื ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ืฉื ืจืื• ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”. ื‘ื ืื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื•ืกื”, ืงืฉืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืฉืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื”-17 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ืฉื ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื ืฉืงืคืช ืžืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžืฉืช ื‘ืคืฆืฆืช ืื˜ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ. ื‘-14 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2007 ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืกื™ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื–, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื— ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื ื™ ื“ื ื•ืŸ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ 72.8% ื•ื‘ื™ืกืก ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื•, ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืืงื•ื ื™ืก, ืœื“ื—ื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”-36, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”-20. ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื ื—ืœืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชืคืกื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื ื—ืฉื“ ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ. ืžื—ืœื™ืคืชื•, ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื™ื‘ื ื™, ื›ืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืคื•ื–ืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื™ ื”ืงืกืืžื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืืก ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื•ืชืžืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข. ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”". ื‘-3 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ, ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืชื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”", ื ืคืœื” ื‘ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ืจืงื˜ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžืžืฉืœืชื• ืชืคืขืœ ืœืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื”, ื•ืชืงืฃ ืืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืกื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘-2020 ืฉื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื•, ืขืงื‘ ืกืงืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื• ื•ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืชื›ื ืข. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-18 ื–ื›ื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ื‘-27 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืกื™ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืื—ืจื™ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื ื“ื˜ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืžื ื™-ื“ืชื™, ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช (65 ื—"ื›ื™ื), ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจืก ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•, ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉ"ืก, ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘-31 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2009 ื”ื—ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื›ืœืœื” 30 ืฉืจื™ื ื•-9 ืกื’ื ื™ ืฉืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2009 ื ืฉื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช "ื ืื•ื ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ", ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื–ื”, ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื”ื ืื•ื ื ื™ืฉื ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื ืื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ืžืžืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ ื ืชืคืก ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชืคื ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2010 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื”ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• "ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื... ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฆืขื“ ื–ื” ืคืกืงื” ื”ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื•ืœืžืจื˜, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”, ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ ืœืขื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืื™ 2010. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2010, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื•ื ื•ื”ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืขืžื™ื ื•ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืžืืก, ืœื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื•ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืžืžืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 10 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 ืื™ืจืขื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืžืคื™ื’ื•ืข ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืขื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื‘ืžืชืงืคืช ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011, ื‘ื ืื•ื ื‘ืื•"ื, ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื• ืžืื–ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืื•"ื ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืœื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงืจื ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืคืขืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื˜ื• ืžืฆื“ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื—ืจืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื•, ื‘-29 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 67/19 ืฉืœื”) ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืงื™ืคื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื•"ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืื– ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื” ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืื•ืœืžืจื˜. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื•. ืœื“ื™ื“ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ื ืข ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืงื‘ืข. ื‘-11 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืืช ืขืกืงืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ืžืืก - ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื’ืœืขื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืชืžื•ืจืช 1,027 ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ื—ื™ืกืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ืื—ืžื“ ื’'ืขื‘ืจื™, ืจืืฉ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืช ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื ืŸ, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื™ืจื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข, ืืคืฉืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื—'ืืœื“ ืžืฉืขืœ ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืืจื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื“ 2011, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืžืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืืจืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื. ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืชืžืกื•ืจ ืœืกื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื˜ื— ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืœืฉื˜ื— ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืชื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื’ื ืขื ืกืขื•ื“ื™ื”. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืืš ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื” ืขืกืง ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชืงื™ืคืชื ืฉืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ. ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-1993. ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื‘-31 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011, ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ โ€ืื™ืจืืŸ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื ืื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื ื•โ€. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืื™ืจืขื• ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช ื•ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื”ืื‘ 3, ื—ืœืงืŸ ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœ"ืžื•ืกื“", ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืฉืื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช. ื‘-27 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ื ืื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื. ื‘ื ืื•ืžื• ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืจืืŸ ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ 90% ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœ-ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ืงื• ืื“ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›"ืฉืจ ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช". ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื’ืจื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืกื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2010 ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื’ื ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ืคืจ ืขื™ื ื™, ืขืœ ืขืกืงืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืžืฉืง ืฉืœื” ืฆืžื— ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช. ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืžื•ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื˜"ื— ืœืฉื ืžื ื™ืขืช ื™ื™ืกื•ืฃ. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื ื—ืงืจื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื” ื‘ืžื ื™ืขื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื” ืœืงื“ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืื•ืฉืจื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช "ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืœื ื“", ื•ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”. ื‘ืžืื™ 2010 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ (OECD). ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 ืคืจืฆื” ืžื—ืืช ื”ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื˜ืจื›ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืื”, ื•ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื—ื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืœ 3, ื”ื•ืขืœื• ืžื™ืกื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืข"ืž, ืžืก ืงื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืง ื•ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืขืœื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-39 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ. ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืขืœืื•ืช ืžื™ืกื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืกื›ื ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืกื’ืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืขืชื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื–ื” ื ื“ื—ืชื”. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืžื’ืคืช ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ืกื ื• ืจืง ื›-700,000 ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื (ื›-10%) ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ืชืจื” ืขื ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›-4.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ืคืจืฆื” ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื‘ื›ืจืžืœ ื‘ื” ื ืกืคื• 44 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื›-17,000 ืื™ืฉ ืคื•ื ื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-25 ืงืž"ืจ (25,000 ื“ื•ื ื) ื•ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืขืœื• ื‘ืืฉ. ืฉืจืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืื’ืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 ื”ื•ืงื ืžื˜ื” ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืœ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื•"ืค ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-36 ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช 2008, ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ-ื›ื ืกืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“, ื›ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืœื• ื›-75% ืžื”ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช 2013, ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืื™ื—ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืืช ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื•"ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื” "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื–ื›ืชื” ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘-31 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-19 ื”ืงื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2013. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2013 ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืจืง ืื•ื‘ืžื” - ืฉื•ื—ื— ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืจื’'ืค ื˜ืื™ืค ืืจื“ื•ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ ืœืขื–ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜, ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2014 ื ืจืื• ื›ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ืฉืœื” ื•ืœื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื, ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ, ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืจื• ืฉื•ื‘. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ืืจื“ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ื ืขืจื›ื• ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืฉื™ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืคื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ืื–ื”ืจืช ืžืกืข ืœื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”โ€“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€“ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื-ืกื™ืกื™. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2019 ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืœื‘ื“ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ืคืช ื•ืจืฆื— ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืขืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘-12 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2014 ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืžืืก, ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืื—ื™ื ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื—ืžืืก ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื ืขืฆืจื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-400 ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืžืืก, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›-50 ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขืกืงืช ืฉืœื™ื˜. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืกืœื™ืงื™ื ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื. ื‘-8 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2014 ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœืœ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื›-3 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื” ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื™ืจื” ื—ืžืืก ืืœืคื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ื•ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืžืจื’ืžื” ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-30 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื ื—ื˜ืคื• ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืกืžืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื“ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉื’'ืืขื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘-7 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืจืคืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ื›ืจื” ืžืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืจืง ืื•ื‘ืžื”. ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ื•ืงื˜ืจ ื›ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืจื‘, ืืš ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—. ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘-26 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ื›ืฉืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืจื•ื‘. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ืฆื’ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2014 ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ื ืจืฆื—ื• 6 ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื‘-3 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2015 ื ืื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื™ืข ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช. ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ื ืื•ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืขื™ืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืจืง ืื•ื‘ืžื”. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื ืื•ืžื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 40 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ืฆืคื™ ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ ืฉืœ 4.9% ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013, ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื—ืœืงื” ื‘-2013 ื•ื—ืœืงื” ื‘-2014. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2013 ืื•ืฉืจื” ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื‘ืžืื™ 2014 ื”ืงื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœื•ืงืจ, ืœืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2015, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ื•ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื•ืช. ืืœื” ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื’ื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื ืงื•ื˜. ื‘-2 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2014 ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“ ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืจืฉื• ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืชืจ ืฉืจื™ "ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“" ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœ-17 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2015. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืคื™ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ืชื›ื ื ื• "ืคื•ื˜ืฉ" ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืง "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื". ืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื‘ื™ื‘ื™: ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™" ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื—ืจื˜ื” ืขืœ ืฉืคื™ื˜ืจ ืœืฉื•ื•ื ืืช ืœืคื™ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ "ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืกืจื• ืœื• ื–ืื‘ ืืœืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœืคื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ื• ืคื•ื˜ืฉ". ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืคืœื’ืชื• ืœื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ื‘-30 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ืฉืคืจืกื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื• ื›ืชื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืœืš ืœืžืžืฉืœืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืืœื™ื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืœืœื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจืฆืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืคืจืกื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืฉืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื• ืืžืจ: โ€ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื›ื ื”. ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงืœืคื™. ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื. ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ ืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ V15, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• "ืฆื• 8", ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืง ืืชื›ื, ืฆืื• ืœืงืœืคื™โ€. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืฆืขืจ ืขืœ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, "ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื", ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš. ื‘-14 ื‘ืžืื™ 2015, ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”-34 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื•, ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฆืจื” ืฉื ืฉืขื ื” ืขืœ 61 ื—"ื›ื™ื. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื ื”, ื‘-26 ื‘ืžืื™ 2016, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื• ืœืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ืขืœื” ืœ-66. ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2017 ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื—ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™ (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ). ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ 2016 ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื–ื•ืจื™, ืื– ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื—ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ "ื˜ื™ื™ื" ืœืื—ื“ ืžืžืื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2015 ื—ืœื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ื“ ืืœ-ืืงืฆื, ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ื’ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื“ืขืš ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืขื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืžื“ืืŸ. ื‘ื ืื•ื ืฉื ืฉื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”-37, ื‘-20 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2015, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื—ื’' ืืžื™ืŸ ืืœ-ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ืœื ืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ืœื’ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื, ืืš ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืื– ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื• ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืกืชื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœ-ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืื•ืช ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื ืฉืง ืœื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื•ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจื•ืกื™ื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2015, ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื•ืœื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžืื™ 2016 ืžื™ื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื”ืคื›ื” "ื ื’ืจืจืช ื•ืžืชืœื”ืžืช". ื‘ืžื—ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ื’ื ืื‘ื™ ื’ื‘ืื™ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื‘-2018 ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืขื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ืžืœ"ื˜ ืžืชืื‘ื“ ืื™ืจืื ื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” T-4 ื•ืชืงื™ืคืช ืžื—ืกื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืคืจื™ืœ, ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ืจืื ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ืช ื•ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื™ื•ืช. ื‘-30 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2018 ื ืฉื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ืื•ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื• ื—ืฉืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื "ื”ืžื•ืกื“" ืžื˜ื”ืจืืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™. ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ. ื‘ืžืื™ ื™ืจื• ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจืื ื™ื•ืช 20 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื—ืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืชืงืฃ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืื™ืจืื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018 ื—ืœื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ืžื•ืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืื™ืชืจ ืฆื”"ืœ ืฉื•ืจืช ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจืฅ 2018 ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›-220 ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืืฉ ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ืขืคื™ืคื•ื ื™ ืชื‘ืขืจื”, ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ ืชื‘ืขืจื” ื•ื ืคืฅ ื•ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื’ืจื• ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื”. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018 ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžื’ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื ื™ื˜ืจื•ืœ ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืคืจ "ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื”" ืœืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€“ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื—ื™ืกืœ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ืืช ื‘ื”ืื ืื‘ื• ืืœ-ืขื˜ื, ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ "ืคืœื•ื’ื•ืช ืืœ-ืงื•ื“ืก", ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ "ื”ื’'ื™ื”ืื“ ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™". ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืจื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ืช ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืคืฆื™ืฅ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ืขื ื”ื—ืžืืก. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ืื‘ื• ืžืื–ืŸ ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืœื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืงื˜ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžืืก, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืœื— ืžื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ืงื˜ืจื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›-30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค, ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื ื•ืฆ'ื™ืŸ, ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืงื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืœืžื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืžืืก ืœื ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 2019 ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก: "ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื›ืœ ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื—ืžืืก ื•ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื—ืžืืก. ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• โ€“ ืœื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ". ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ืื’ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ื’ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ื ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื›ืžื—ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžืงื˜ืจ ืœื—ืžืืก ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื•ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืคืจืฉื” ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืž-18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 ื•ื‘ึพ17 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018 ืžื•ื ื” ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืš ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ื‘-10 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ืœืฉื ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืชืจืขื” ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ื ื“ื‘ ืืจื’ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก ืžืฉืชืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืงื˜ืจื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 ืืž"ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžืืก ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2019 ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืขื™ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื–ื”, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื™ืžื ืข ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2019. ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื›ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ืžืžืฉืœื•, ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 2334 ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื, ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช "ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ื ืงื˜ื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืกื ื’ืœ, ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื•ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื, ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื” ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘-14 ื‘ืžืื™ 2018 ื ืขืจืš ื˜ืงืก ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื˜ืจืืžืค ืคืจืฉ ืžื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ื ืจ"ื, ืคืจืฉ ืžืื•ื ืกืง"ื• ื•ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ื•ืกื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ ื›ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2019 ื—ืชื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ืขืœ ืฆื• ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆืขื“ ื–ื”. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020 ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื• ("ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžืื”"). ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืชืงืจืจื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘-4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2017 ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื ืจื ื“ืจื” ืžื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ืŸ ืขื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืกื™ื•ืข ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ื•ื ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจืคืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžืงืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜, ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉื’ืจืื“. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”: ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2016 ืขืจืš ืกื‘ื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ืœืจื’ืœ 40 ืฉื ื” ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ืื ื˜ื‘ื”, ืœืฆื“ ืคืกื’ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืขื ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017 ื ืื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื” (ืื ') ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืžืืœื™. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื•ืจื• ืงื ื™ืื˜ื”. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ื™ืฆื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”, ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื•ืžืงืกื™ืงื•. ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื ื˜ืก ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ืื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2017 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ื, ื’ืœืขื“ ืืจื“ืŸ, ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืžืชืงืŸ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืจืฉ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ืžืืจื™ืชืจื™ืื” ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ืœืžื•ืœื“ืชื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ืง ืœืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ืช. ื‘-2 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2018 ื—ื–ืจื” ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ืžื”ืกื›ืžืชื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื” "ืœื—ืฅ ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื”" ืœืกื’ืช ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืืš ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ื”ืœื” ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ ืžื•ืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™, ืžื•ืœ ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•"ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืชื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื™ืืช ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ืœื ืฉื‘ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื™ื ื” ืืช ืจืืฉ ืžื˜ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืœื‘ืจ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืงื“ื ื•ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืชื ื’ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืงื‘ ืงืฉืจื™ื• ืขื ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืง, ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2016 ืœื”ืกืžื™ืš ืืช ืฆื—ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื–ืง, ื•ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2017 ื”ืคืš ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™ ืœืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื‘ืžืื™ ืžื•ื ื” ืื™ื•ื‘ ืงืจื ื›ืฉืจ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2015 ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื’ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2017 ืคืขืœ ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช. ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื™ืงื•ื ืœืœื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื• ืชื•ืงื ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืคืจื“. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“, ืืš ื”ื•ืงืคื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื’"ืฅ (ื•ื‘-2018 ืืฃ ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช), ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื•ืงื ืขื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืกื’ืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2015, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกื™ืขืช "ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“", ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื›ื™ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉืจ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš, ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ "ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2020 ื ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื™ืคืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœืฉื ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืกื’ืจ ืืจืฆื™. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื’ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืž-29.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2014, ืœ-54 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2019, ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ 14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ื–, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืื’ืจื™ื, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื, ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื•. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืžื•ื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”. ื‘-27 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2016, ืคืกืœ ื‘ื’"ืฅ ืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื•ื•ื”, ืืš ื ืชืŸ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื•. ื‘ืžืื™ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื•ื‘, ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016, ื—ืชืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืคืจื™ื–. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019, ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2016 ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” "ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ" ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืขื–ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ. ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื™ื•ื ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ื•ืžืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืงืคื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017. ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืฉืื™ืจื™ื• ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืื• ืงืฆื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื™ืฉืœื ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš 600,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ืœื ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืช ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื’ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2015 ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื ืจืฉืžื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2016 ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื‘-24 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018, ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืช "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ืžืื•ืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ื”ื•ืงื“ืžื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-21. ื‘-26 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืช ืคื™ื–ื•ืจื” ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-9 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2019. ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืื—ืช, ืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืจื™ืฆืชืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืฉืจื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”-28 ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘-9 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2019, "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื–ื›ื” ืœ-35 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืืš ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืกืžื•ืš ืœืคืงื™ืขืช ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงืฆื‘ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื™ื–ื ืืช ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš, ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืืช ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื›ื•ืœื ื•". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื–ื”ื•ืช" ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืจืคื•ืื™. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœ-32 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช 38 ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื›ื•ืœื ื•" ื•ืœืœื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืœื™ ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื”ืŸ, ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช "ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™". ื‘-25 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืžืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ 55 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช 54 ืฉืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ, ืืฉืจ ืœื ืขืœื” ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžืฉื›ืš ื”ืชืคื–ืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื ืขืจื›ื• ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืœืจืืฉื•ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“", ื‘ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœ-72.5% ืžื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืกืขืจ. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื”, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020 ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœ-36 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื ืฅ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืœืฆืชื ืฉืœ 61 ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ื ืฅ, ื•ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ. ื‘-7 ื‘ืžืื™, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ 72 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืืฉื ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ืคื•ืจืกื ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ื‘-17 ื‘ืžืื™ 2020 ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืœืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืžื ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื‘-17 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021, ืืš ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•. ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ื”ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื‘ืชื—ืœื•ืื”, ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืกื’ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžื—ืื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื ืืฉื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืชื—ืœื•ืื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืกื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ื›ื ืขื ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื‘ื•ืจืœื, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ, ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื. ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขื ื• ืœืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืชื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ื— ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื” "ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืื”". ืื•ืœื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืจื“ื• ืžื”ืคืจืง ืขื ื—ืชื™ืžืช "ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ืจื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขื ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ืกื•ื“ืŸ, ืืš ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืžืžืฉ. ื‘-13 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2020 ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืฉื™ื™ื—' ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืื™ื“ ืืืœ ื ื”ื™ืืŸ, ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืจืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื, ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืœืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ื—. ื‘-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืจืžืœ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืื™ืชื” ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื ืงืจืื• "ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื". ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื ื—ืชื ื‘-15 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช (ื›ืžืชื•ื•ื›ืช) ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-10 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื”ื•ื›ืจื– ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืชื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื‘-22 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืจื‘ืื˜ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืจื•ืงื•. ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื™ื ืœืžื–ืจื— ื“ืจืš ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื“ืจืš ืกื•ื“ืืŸ. ื‘-24 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2020 (ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ), ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืืœ-ืคืชืื— ืืœ-ื‘ื•ืจื”ืืŸ ื•ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืืœืœื” ื—ืžื“ื•ื› ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ื ื ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื. ื‘-6 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2021 ื—ืชืžื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช "ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื". ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2021 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืฆื“ืง ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ืž-13 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2014. ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืœ"ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืžืจ, ื™"ื— ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืฉืค"ื, 30 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2021 ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืืกื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื• ื ืกืคื• 45 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ืคืฆืขื• 102 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-6 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2024 ืคืจืกืžื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœื—ืงืจ ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืจ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืคืชื—ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ืคืจืฆื• ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-23 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2021 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืจื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืž-36 ืœ-30, ืืš ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“, ืขื 17 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืœืคื™ื“, ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜. ื‘-13 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ, ืžืžืฉืœืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-12 ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื ืžื ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืžื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืงื™ืคื•ื— ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื“ืจืฉ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืฉื ืขื“ืจื•, ื’ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื’ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืงื•ื“ืžื•. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืฆืžื• ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืืฆืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืืคื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื– ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื ืœืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2021 ื ื—ื ืš ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ื–ืžื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘-2019. ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื—ืœืง ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืฉื“ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจ ื›ื™ "ื–ื”ื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™", ื•ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ, ื‘ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžื•. ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืื™-ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ื ืจื™ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืื’ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื ื–ืงื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื•. ื‘-29 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2022, ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข. ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืคืกืง ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืœืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืฆื’ ืฉื•ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉื’ื–ืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืก. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื“ืจืขื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืขื“ ืœื•: ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ึพ4 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2023 ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืงื“ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืคืกื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืคืกืงืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื›ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉืœืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜. ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘-ืžื™ืืจื”, ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื ื•ืข ืžืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืืช "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช", ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžื™ืืจื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื” ื™ืฆืจื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื—ืื” ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ. ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ืช ืฉืชืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœื”. ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืงื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชืคื’ืข ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช. ืขืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ืœื•ื’ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืขื. ื—ืœืง ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืื™ื™ืžื• ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื” ืœื›ื“ื™ "ืžื—ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื" ืฉืื™ื™ืžื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื ืœืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื. ื‘-25 ื‘ืžืจืฅ ืงืจื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืกื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื’ืœื ื˜ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืžื—ืื” ื•ืœื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื›ื•ื ื• "ืœื™ืœ ื’ืœื ื˜". ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœืžื—ืื” ื•ื”ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื’ืœื ื˜ ื”ื•ืฉื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื•. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” "ืชืจื’ื™ืœ" ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉืชื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ื”ื’. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืงืจื™ืŸ ืืœื”ืจืจ, ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ืืš ื”ื–ืขื ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืคืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืงืงื” ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื ื›ืื•ืช ืžื—ืื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื’ืœ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื™ืจื™ ื•ื“ืจื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ. ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ื’ืœื™ื ื ืžืฉืš ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืงื˜ื” ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืคื’ืขื™ื. ื‘ึพ9โ€“13 ื‘ืžืื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื”, ื™ื–ื ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžื’ืŸ ื•ื—ืฅ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืคืœื•ื’ื•ืช ืืœ-ืงื•ื“ืก. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื”". ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2023 ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ, ื™ืฆื ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’'ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืœื˜ื• ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืกืขื•ื“ื™ื”, ืžืฆื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื“ ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืขืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช, ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืŸ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืืืœ ืกืขื•ื“. ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืœื™ื•ื• ืžื—ืื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ื‘-26 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืื˜ื•ืžื™ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืื™ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื” ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ 60%. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืžืงื“ื”, ืœืคื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืื˜ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2024 ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ืื™ืจืืŸ ืคืขืœื” ืื• ื’ื™ืฉืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื›ืžื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคืฆืฆื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื ืฉื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ืื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื”ืื•"ื, ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆืืช "ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš - ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื™ื”" - ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื”ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2024 ืฉืœื—ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืก ืœื—ืงืจ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜. ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”: "ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื–ืืช, ืชื•ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื™ื•ืกื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื• ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื›ืฉ ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื ืื™ืœืฆื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื“ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2024 ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช (ืžื•ื“ื™'ืก, ืคื™ืฅ' ื•ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื“ ืื ื“ ืคื•ืจืก) ืืช ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1988. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ S&P ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืช 2025. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2024 ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื“ื™'ืก ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืขืœืืช ืžืก ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืž-17% ืœ-18%. ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื™ื•ืขืฆื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘-38% ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข OECD. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“: ื”ืฉืคื™ื˜ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืš ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉืงืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘-ืžื™ืืจื” ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื”. ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ื ื’ื“ื•. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2025, ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื›ืก ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 17% ืขืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช. ื‘-25 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ืงื‘ืขื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืก ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืจืืฉื™ ืฉื‘"ื› ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ "ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”". ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื”ื—ืœ ื‘-2018 ืงื™ื“ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื•ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื ืงืื™, ืžืงื˜ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื™ื“ืœ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืงื˜ืจ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื“ื™ืจ, ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืกืœืžื”. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ืขืช ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2019 ื˜ืขืŸ: "ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื›ืœ ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื—ืžืืก ื•ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื—ืžืืก." ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื›, ื ื“ื‘ ืืจื’ืžืŸ, ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืขื–ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช "ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ืจื™ืช".[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2023 ืชื•ืขื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื–ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004, ื–ืืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืžื”ื ืคืงืช ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื— ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืกืžืš ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช โ€œืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ื™ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืืก, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืจืขื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ื” ื›ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืกืคืจ 1". ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš. ื‘ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™ 2023 ื—ืœื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ืœ ื—ืžืืก. ื‘-1 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื• ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืจื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ื”ืขืจื™ืคื”" ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืื—ืช ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืžืืก, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืจื‘ ื•ื”ื ื—ื” ืœืงื“ื ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ 7 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2023, ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”'ืชืฉืค"ื“, ืคืชื—ื• ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื "ื—ืžืืก" ื•"ื”ื’'ื™ื”ืื“ ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™" ื‘ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ื›-4,300 ืจืงื˜ื•ืช, ื—ื“ืจื• ื›-6,000 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื, ืœื™ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื™ ื•ืœืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•, ืž-119 ืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ืจ, ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืžื”ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ื˜ื‘ื— ื•ืื•ื ืก, ืจืฆื—ื• ื•ื”ืจื’ื• 1,173 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืžืชื•ื›ื ื˜ื‘ื—ื• ื‘-779 ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ื—ื˜ืคื• ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื›-251 ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื, ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ืœื—ืžื• ื ื’ื“ื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช, ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื™ืž"ืž ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ืช. ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›-1,609 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื ื”ืจื’ื• 329 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, 58 ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•-10 ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื™ื ืชื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื 29 ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื” ื•-22 ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ื ื”. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ืืœืคื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื, ื ื’ืจื ื”ืจืก ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ื”ืœื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ื”, ื ืœื—ืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื”, ื”ื—ื•ืช'ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื“ืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื–ืง ืืช ื—ืžืืก, ืืœื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืกืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื•. ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื—ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘"ืฉืืœืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช" ืœืคืจื™ืฆืชื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื™ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืชืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืฉืช NBC ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื•ืืžืจ: "ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช [...] ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื”". ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ืคืจืกื ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ื•"ื— ื‘ืฉื "ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ", ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื“ืจืช ื“ื•"ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœื™ 7 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ื• ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืžื™ืžืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ "ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื“"ื› ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขืœืชื•, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื–ื” ื‘-7.10.23". ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024 ื˜ืก ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื ืื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื’'ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืกื’ื ื™ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงืžืœื” ื”ืืจื™ืก ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค. ื‘-19 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2024, ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืฉื™ื’ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื›ื˜ื‘"ืž ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ื”ื›ื˜ื‘"ืž ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื‘-4 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2025 ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฆื‘ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืชื™ืงื— ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ืชืคื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›"ืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ" ืชื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช. ื”ืฆืขื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืจืจื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื’ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช. ื‘-21 ื‘ืžืื™ 2025 ื›ื™ื ืก ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืจื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืจ, ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™, ืœืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื›"ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ". ื”ื ืื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื "ื ืื•ื ื”ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื" ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื™ื: โ€ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืชื›ื, ืขื ืžื” ืชืงืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘-7 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ? [...] ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ F-35? ืขื ืžื”? ืขื ื˜ื ืงื™ื? ืขื ืžื”? ื”ื ืชืงืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื, ืงืœืฆ'ื ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืช.โ€ ื‘-12 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ, ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ 60 ื™ื•ื. ืž-2015 ืขื“ ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘-2018 ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืืคืฉืจื” ืื™ืจืืŸ ืœืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื"ื ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื”, ืจืžืช ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื“ 3.67%, ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื“ 300 ืง"ื’. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘-2018 ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื™ืฆื” ืื™ืจืืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ื‘-31 ื‘ืžืื™ ืคืจืกืžื” ืกื‘ื"ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ืจืืŸ 408.6 ืง"ื’ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 60%. ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืžืœืื™ ื–ื” ืขืฉืจ ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ. ืœืฉื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉ, ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2025 ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉื ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘' ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžื•ืœ ื—ืžืืก, ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ืžื ืฉืงื•, ื•ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืžื•ืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื• ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2025, ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืกื™ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ F-35 ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื”, ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2023. ื‘ืœื™ืœ 13 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2025 ื”ื•ืจื• ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื• ืชืงืฃ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื•ืืชืจื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืจืืฉื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื ืžืคืงื“ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืกืœืืžื™, ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืฆื‘ื ืื™ืจืืŸ ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืืงืจื™, ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื—ื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ื• 30 ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจืกื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืœื™ืœ 22 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืื™ืจืืŸ, ื•ืชืงืคื” ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ. ื‘-24 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ื•ื”ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ืคืกืงื•. ื‘-5 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2026 ืคืจืกื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ. ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื”ืืฉื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื“ืœ, ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืกื™ื’ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื•ืœื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืกืžืš ืคืจืกืžื• ืžืกืคืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืกืžืš ืžื›ื™ืœ ืกื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื•ืฉืงืจื™ื. ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื ืงื•ื˜ ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืžืกืžืš "ืฉืงืจื™ ื•ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™", ื•ื›ืš ื˜ืขืŸ ื’ื ื—"ื› ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ื•ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“ ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืžืš. ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืคืœื™ืœื™ื: ืฉืฉ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื“ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ืกื’ืจื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1997, ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื ื•ื ื™ื” ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื ืคืชื—ื” ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ "ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœื• ืชืžื™ื”ื•ืช". ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžื“ื™, ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1999, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื—ืฉื“ ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ืžืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืื‘ื ืจ ืขืžื“ื™, ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2000 ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“, ืžืจืžื” ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžื“ื™, ืขืœื” ื—ืฉื“ ืฉื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื—ื–ืงืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011, ืคืจืกื ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืจื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ืจื•ืงืจ, ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ื”ืžืงื•ืจ", ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1999โ€“2008 ื ืกืขื• ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘-2002. ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ, ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ื›"ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืจืก", ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017 ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017 ื ื—ืงืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื: "ืชื™ืง 1000", ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืฉื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ืžืืจื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœืฆ'ืŸ ื•ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืคืืงืจ ื•"ืชื™ืง 2000" ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•"ืœ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช", ื ื•ื ื™ ืžื•ื–ืก, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืฉื“ โ€“ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืžื•ื–ืก ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื• ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื• ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืฆืช "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื". ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื• ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช "ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื•ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื". ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืž"ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื”, ืฉื ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช", ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืœื ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ืชื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื. ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2017, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ืืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืืžืกืœื, ืžืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช", ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื ืชื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2018, ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆืื” ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื. ื‘"ืชื™ืง 1000" ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘"ืชื™ืง 2000" ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžืกืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• "ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ืžืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืคืขืœืชื™ ื ื’ื“ื" ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ื”, ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื—ืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง "ืชื™ืง 4000", ื”ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืœื”ื‘ 433 ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2017. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื•: ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช "ื‘ื–ืง" ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช "ื‘ื–ืง" ืกื˜ืœื” ื”ื ื“ืœืจ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืœื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื ื™ืจ ื—ืคืฅ. ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2018 ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืจื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื•ื—ื“. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื, ืคื™ืœื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืคืฅ, ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื›ืš ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ื‘-2 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018, ืคืจืกืžื” ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆืื” ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“, ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจืžื” ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื‘ื• ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืชืจ 'ื•ื•ืืœื”' ืกื™ืงืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ืชื ื”ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช, ืขืงื‘ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืขืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืขื ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื 1000, 2000 ื•-4000 ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื“ืจืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืœื ืชืคื•ืจืกื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื—ืชื” ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืžื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ื• ื ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ืžืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืกืคื ืกืจ ืคืจื˜ืจื™ื“ื’'. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื’ื ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ 300 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืชืจ ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ื ืคืกืง ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื: ื‘ืชื™ืง 1000 ื•-2000 ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชื™ืง 4000 ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืฉื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ืžืกืข ืฆื™ื“ ื ื’ื“ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืœื—ืฅ ืคืกื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื™ืืช ื‘ืŸ ืืจื™, ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื”. ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืง 4000 ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ 1000 ื•-2000. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง (ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”). ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ืฉื“ืจืฉื” ืžื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืœื›ืช ื“ืจืขื™-ืคื ื—ืกื™. ื‘-2 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020, ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง โ€“ ืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืขืžื“ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื‘-28 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020 ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื ื’ื“ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช, ืžืฉืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘-24 ื‘ืžืื™ 2020 ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ื“ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘-30 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉืช ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื’. ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื ื™ืžืง: ื‘ืžืื™ 2024 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื”ืื’ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฆื• ืžืขืฆืจ ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืจืช ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืจืขื‘ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ืจืฆื—, ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ืื• ืจืฆื— ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ื”. ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ืžืืก - ื™ื—ื™ื ืกื ื•ื•ืืจ, ืืกืžืขื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื“ืฃ. ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2024 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื’ืœื ื˜ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื’ืœื ื˜ ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ื” ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ืจืฆื—, ืจื“ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉ-124 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืกื’ื™ืจ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื’ืœื ื˜ ืœื”ืื’ ืื ื™ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืชื—ื•ืžืŸ. ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืงืžื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืคืกื•ืช ื›ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื” ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืงื“ ืกื™ื™ืจืช ืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืื ื˜ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื™ื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืขื“ื•, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืคื ื•ืกื•ืคืจ. ื“ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืืœื™ืฉืข, ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืจื™ื (ืžื™ืงื™) ื•ื™ื™ืกืžืŸ (ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ืจืŸ) ื‘ืฉื ืช 1972. ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช, ื ื•ืขื”, ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื“ื ื™ืืœ ืจื•ื˜, ืื™ืฉ ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ ื‘ืจืกืœื‘; ืžื‘ืชื• ื ื•ืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื ื›ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1979 ื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื•ื™ื™ืกืžืŸ. ื‘-1981 ื ื™ืฉื ืœืคืœื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก, ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื‘ืื•"ื, ืขื‘ืจื” ื’ื ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™. ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื• ื‘-1989. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1991 ื ื™ืฉื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืจื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฆื™, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื“ื™ื™ืœืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘"ืืœ ืขืœ". ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื ืš ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฆื™, ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื, ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ื ืจ. ื‘-2002 ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 1.8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื‘-2007 ืจื›ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• 1.7% ืžืžื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช NMDM, ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื•, ื“ืŸ ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืชืžื•ืจืช 600 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื‘-2010 ืžื›ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืžื•ืจืช 4.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 13.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ืคื™ "ืคื•ืจื‘ืก ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื”ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื ืืžื“ ื‘-50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื“ืจืš ืขื–ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ืฉืขืจื›ืŸ ื›-25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2023โ€“2024, ืขื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืงื•ืฆื‘ ืœื‘, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืข ืžืคืฉืขืชื™ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื”ืกืจืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช. ื‘-17 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024 ื ื—ืฉืฃ ื›ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2018โ€“2023, ืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2016 ืคืจืกื ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื™ื’ืืœ ืกืจื ื” ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืขืฆืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 1 ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื•ืœืง ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ืืฉืชื• ืฉืจื”. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกืš 279 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—. ื‘-11 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017, ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืกืจื ื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืื” ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ื›ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ 15 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืกืจื ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืกืจื ื” ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื“ื—ื”. ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืกืจื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกืš 200 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช, ืฉืคืจืกื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืื™ืœ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื• ืขืžื™ืช ืžืจืจื™, ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ืชืคืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื•. ื‘ืžืื™ 2023, ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืคืฉืจื”, ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืฉืš ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื•ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื™ืคืจืกื ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื™ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ื“ ืืช ืžืจืจื™ ืื• ืืช ื™ื ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2022 ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื ื ื™ืื™ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื”ื•ื“ ืื•ืœืžืจื˜, ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉื”ื "ื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™". ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2022 ื ืคืกืง ืฉืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืœื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• 62,500 ืฉ"ื— ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 35,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜. ื‘-16 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืจืžืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœื“ื•ื“ ืฉืžืจื•ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืจืฆื™ ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ื ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืชืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืกืง ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ 50 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืืจืฆื™ ืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืš ืงื‘ืข ืฉืืจืฆื™ ื™ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžืจื•ืŸ 290 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ, ืืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืจื’ื, ื™ืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืื•ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2025 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื ื’ื“ ืคืขื™ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืื” ืฉืงืžื” ื‘ืจืกืœืจ, ืขืœ ืกืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืžืงื˜ืจ, ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื™ "ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”". ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื ืชื” ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืจืกืœืจ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืขื” ื’ื™ื™ืก 500 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืžื— ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-750 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ืฉืชืจืžื• ื›-4,800 ืื™ืฉ. ืกืคืจื™ื• ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืชื•: ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืกืง ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื ืงืจื ืชื—ื™ืœื” "ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื”ืจื–ื”" ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืงืจื "ื”ื ืžืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™", ื•ืืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืงื“ืžื” ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื• ืžื”ืžื•"ืœ, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืืš ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช, ื’ื ื– ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืคืจืกื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืงืจื” ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขืžื™ื—ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• โ€ข ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื–ืื‘ ืืœืงื™ืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื›ื ืกืช ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืืžืกืœื โ€ข ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื™ืชืžืจ ื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืงืช โ€ข ื”ืฉืจื” ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืื™ ื’ื•ืœืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื” ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื ื’ื‘, ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืกืจืœืื•ืฃ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžื™ืงื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื›ื”ืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›"ืฅ โ€ข ืกื’ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืœื•ื™ืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืกื•ืคืจ โ€ข ืฉืจืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ืช ืกื˜ืจื•ืง โ€ข ื”ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ื“ื™ืช ืกื™ืœืžืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืกืขืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื•ืื‘ ืงื™ืฉ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœืžื” ืงืจืขื™ โ€ข ืฉืจืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ืจื™ ืจื’ื‘ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืขืžื™ื—ื™ ืฉื™ืงืœื™ ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ: ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ โ€ข ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ: ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืช โ€ข ืžืฉื•ืœื ื ื”ืจื™ โ€ข ื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ื”ืŸ โ€ข ื—ืžื“ ืขืžืืจ โ€ข ื–ืื‘ ืืœืงื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื: ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืืžืกืœื ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš: ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/models?pipeline_tag=text-generation] | [TOKENS: 937]
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[SOURCE: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ_ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•#cite_note-362] | [TOKENS: 76002]
ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ึดึผื ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ืŸ (ื‘ึดึผื™ื‘ึดึผื™) ื ึฐืชึทื ึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ (ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘-21 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1949, ื›"ื— ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”'ืชืฉ"ื™) ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื“ื” ืคืงื˜ื•). ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1984โ€“1988 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•"ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ื‘-1993 ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช: ื‘ื™ืŸ 1996โ€“1999 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข; ื‘ื™ืŸ 2009โ€“2021 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ; ื•ืžืื– ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2022 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1999โ€“2002 ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืจืฉ ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”. ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื•ื•ืื™ ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2003โ€“2005, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืงื™ื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื”, ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018, ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2020, ื ื—ืชืžื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืืจื›ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ืจืขื• ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื ืŸ, ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ, ื•ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช. ื‘-2023 ืื™ืจืข ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื‘-2025 ืชืงืคื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื. ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืœืœื• ืืช ื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ืžืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 2005 ืœ-2013 ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€“ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืขืกืงืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011, ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020, ืงื™ื“ื•ื "ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช" ื‘ืฉื ืช 2023 ื•ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”. ื‘-24 ื‘ืžืื™ 2020 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืื– ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื ื’ื“ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช: ืชื™ืง 1000, ืชื™ืง 2000 ื•ืชื™ืง 4000. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืฉื ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•. ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2024 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ (ICC) ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื ื’ื“ื•, ื•ื ื’ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื” (ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกื’ืœ; 1912โ€“2000) ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• (1910โ€“2012) ื•ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ืื‘ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•, ื”ืคืจื“ืกืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืกื’ืœ. ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืชืœืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืž-1955 ื‘ืงื˜ืžื•ืŸ. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื "ื‘ื™ื‘ื™" ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื•, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืจื•ืŸ. ืื—ื•ืชื• ื ื”ื’ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื•[ื] ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ "ื‘ื™" ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืง ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื“, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”-60 ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1963, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•. ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ืจื” ื‘ืฆ'ืœื˜ื ื”ื, ืคืจื•ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ื” ืฉื‘ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”, ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘-1967 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื”"ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื ืฉืืจื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจืช ืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ืจืช ื’ื ืื—ื™ื• ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื’ื ืื—ื™ื• ืขื“ื•. ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื›ืœื•ื—ื ื•ื›ืžืคืงื“ ื›ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ืจื ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืชืฉื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืชื•ืคืช ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื•ืœืžื•ืก 4 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื”ืชืฉื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืคืชื— ื‘ืืฉ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืช 13, ื‘ืขืช ืฆืœื™ื—ืช ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืกื™ื™ื ืงื•ืจืก ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื—ื™"ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืคืงื“ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ื›ืžืคืงื“ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก "ืกื‘ื ื”", ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืคื™ืงื“ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ืคืฆืข ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืžืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืคืขื•ืœื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื ืชืงืข ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืคื™ืงื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืจ. ืžืคืงื“ ืคืœื’ืชื•, ืขื•ื–ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—ืฉ ืœืขื–ืจืชื ื•ื—ื™ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1972 ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืกืจืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื• ืžืฆื”"ืœ ื—ื–ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช MIT ืฉื‘ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก. ืขื ืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1973, ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ืœืชืจืช ืฉืœ "ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื" ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืฉืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ื–ืจืชื• ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืคื™ืงื“ ืขืœ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ 1981. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช (B.S.A.D) ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช MIT ื‘-1974, ื•ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ MIT ืกืœื•ืืŸ ื‘-1976. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ืฉืœื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขื ื–ืื‘ ืฆื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ืจ ืชื•ืจื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœืžื“ ื‘ึพMIT ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•, ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืขืกืงื™, "ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืค". ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื›ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื• "ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืื™" ืื• "ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืชืื™". ื ื™ืชืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืขื˜ ืฉื‘ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื—ืชื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขืœ ืžืืžืจื™ื•. ื‘-1976 ืฉื›ืœ ืืช ืื—ื™ื•, ื™ื•ื ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžื‘ืฆืข ืื ื˜ื‘ื”, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืคืงื“ ืกื™ื™ืจืช ืžื˜ื›"ืœ. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1977 ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืกื•ืฃ 1976 ื•ืขื“ 1980 ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ืฉืขืจืš ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘-1980 ื–ื›ื” ืขื ืื—ื™ื• ืขื“ื• ื‘ืคืจืก ื–'ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžื—ืงืจ, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ 1979โ€“1982 ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื "ืจื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช". ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืจ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืก, ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื•ึน ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžื ื•ืชื• ื›ืฆื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™. ืกื™., ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ 1982โ€“1984. ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื ืก ื›ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ, ืžื™ืœื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืขื“ ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืจื•ื–ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ื‘ื™ืŸ 1984โ€“1988 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•"ื ื•ื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ื›"ืœ ื”ืื•"ื, ืงื•ืจื˜ ื•ืœื“ื”ื™ื™ื, ืฉืฉื™ืจืช ื›ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืจืžืื›ื˜ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืชื‘ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื”ืื•"ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื•ืœื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘-1988 ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ. ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื‘-1988, ืฉื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“". ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ืฉื›ืœืœื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืืช ื™ื’ืืœ ื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”-12, ื•ื”ืชืžื ื” ืœืกื’ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืก, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฆืฆื• ื ื™ืฆื ื™ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืขืฆืžื• ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ืื•"ื, ื’ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘-1991 ื ืžื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ื“, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืžื™ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื”, ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™, ืขื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื”, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-1992, ื”ื•ืฆื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืคืœืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจ, ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘-1993 ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกืข ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” "ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช". ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื˜ืขืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ "ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื" ื ื™ืกื” ืœืกื—ื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงืœื˜ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื’ื™ื“ืชื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืฉืชื•. ื”ืจืžื™ื–ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืคืจืฉื”, ื”ืขืžื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืงืจืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ืžืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื ืฆืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื™. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื” ืงืฆื‘, ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœ-52.1% ืžื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช (72,705 ืžืชื•ืš 139,522 ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื™ื). ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ืž-1993 ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื‘ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื’ื ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื›ื ืื•ืกืœื• ื‘', ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1995. ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืจืขื ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื—ื‘ืœ ืชืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉื ืืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ "ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช", ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืคืจืกื•ื ืจื‘. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ. ื‘-29 ื‘ืžืื™ 1996 ื ืขืจื›ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืืจื‘ืข-ืขืฉืจื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื”. ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื’ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ, ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจืก, ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฆื—ื•, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›-29,000 ืงื•ืœื•ืช. ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืชืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื’ื ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื— ืคืจืก ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 1.4%, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื’ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืคืขืœ ืœืจืขืช ืคืจืก, ืขืงื‘ ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฆื— ืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืชืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœ"ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“-ื’ืฉืจ-ืฆื•ืžืช". ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืคืจืก ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื•ื ืจื’ื–, ืžื” ืฉืคื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ืคืขืœื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื ืžื ืขื” ืžืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืขื ื‘ื™ ื–ืขื" ื•ื”ื”ืคื’ื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืคืจ ืงืื ื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืœื˜ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื•ื˜ื ื™ืง: "ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื", ื•ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืœื™ื˜ืื™ื, ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ื’ืœ ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืืจืชื•ืจ ืคื™ื ืงืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื ื’ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ืคืจืก ื™ื—ืœืง ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื. ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 47 ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžึพ18 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1996 ืขื“ ืœึพ6 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1999. ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืกืง ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื•, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš, ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื” ืžืกื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืžืกืจื” ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ื‘'. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1996 ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืคืืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืืจื–, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช. ื‘-24 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1996 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืจืฆื• ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื ื”ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ื• 17 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื›ืžืื” ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืคืชื— ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื” ื“ื•ืœื•ืจื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ืคืจืช ืชื—ืช ืžืกื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืชื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ืคืชื— ื”ืžื ื”ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช "ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืœืข ืงื™ื•ืžื ื•". ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ืคืกืงื• ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืงืจื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืœืขืจืคืืช ืœืคืกื’ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื”ืคืกื’ื” ืกืœืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื—ืชื™ืžืช "ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ" ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1997. ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืกื’ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื ืงืจืื• "ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช". ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1997 ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืฉื ื™ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—'ืืœื“ ืžืฉืขืœ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื™ืคื” ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื™ "ื”ืžื•ืกื“" ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืื•ืชื” ื ืชืคืกื•. ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื, ืฉืœื—ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืจื•ืคืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืขืœ ื•ืฉื—ืจืจื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉื™ื™ื—' ืื—ืžื“ ื™ืืกื™ืŸ. ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืœื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื’ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื ืื‘ื• ืžืจื–ื•ืง, ืจืืฉ ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืžืืก ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ื ื—ื™ืชืชื• ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ื• ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื. ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจืก ื•ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง ื•ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1999, ืฉื ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื ืจืฆื—ื• 4 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื, ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื– ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ืชื™ืคื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขื“ 2008. ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™. ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื“ืจืฉื• ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื• ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ื™ื ืก ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืืช ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื•ืื™ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1998. ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชืžื ื” ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ, ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืฉื›ืœืœื” 13% ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ C ืฉื‘ื’ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ A ื•-B,โ€ 1% ื•-12% ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ื•ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื ืžืœ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืœืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืืžื ื” ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืงื“ืžื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•: โ€ื™ืชื ื• โ€“ ื™ืงื‘ืœื•, ืœื ื™ืชื ื• โ€“ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื•.โ€ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืืคื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืžืงื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘"ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช" ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื—ืœ ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ืจื•ืŸ ืœืื•ื“ืจ, ื ืฉืœื— ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื“ื ื™ืก ืจื•ืก ื•ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืง, ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ืกื›ืžืชื, ื›ืœืœื” ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช 1967, ืชื•ืš ืฉืชื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืงื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื: ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื (4 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1997), ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืจืช ืฆื ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ (23 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1997) ื•ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืช (5 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1997) ืฉื‘ื• ื ื”ืจื’ื• 12 ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืช 13 ื‘ืžืืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืืช ื”ืคืงืคื•ืง ืฉื‘ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื–ืจื– ืœื”ืงืžืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืคืขืœื• ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื™ื•"ืจ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง, ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจื•, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืชื•ืš ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืืฉืžืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืช ื•ืœืชืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื”.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืงื™ื“ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•, ืฉืœื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื’'ืจื™ ืคืืœื•ื•ืœ (ืื ') ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™, ืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื›ื™ื”ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืจื™ ืื•ืฆืจ: ื“ืŸ ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืืžืŸ ื•ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ื”. ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื“ืŸ ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ" ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ื™ ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื[ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”] ืฉื ืงื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 1998, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืจืขื•ืขื™ื ืขืžื•. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื“ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืืกื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื”ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื ืก ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื•ื—ืชืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืœืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื’ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™. ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ "ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ", ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื’ืจื ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืจื” ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช, ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช "Yes" ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื• ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœึปื•ึผื•ึผ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืžื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืืช ืจืฆื— ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ. ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™ ื’ืจื ืœืื›ื–ื‘ื” ืžืฆื“ ื—ืœืง ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื ืžื ืขื• ืžืœืกืคืง ืœื• ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื”ืžื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืงืคื” ืฉืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขื ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ื—ืก ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื›ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื[ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”] ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื ืืœื™ื• ื’ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืจืกื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•.[ื‘] ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื›ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืื”ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™. ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื• ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื, ืืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืขื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื›ืœื•ืช ืœื•. ื”ื”ืชืžืจืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื•. ืžืชื—ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื‘-21 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1998 ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ื–ื•ืจื” ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื•ื ืชืืจื™ืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื›ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืช ืื™-ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืชื”. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง, ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”; ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืœืจื•ืฅ ื ื’ื“ื•; ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ, ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ืขื–ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืืจื”. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืฉื• ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืืจื” ืžื”ืžืจื•ืฅ, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชืžืš ื‘ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืืจื” ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืง, ืฉื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื™ 1999, ื›ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ 56% ืžืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื• ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื›ืฉืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ ื›ืžื—ืœื™ืคื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ืœื™ืžื™ื ืชืœื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื• ื‘ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื•ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื”ืงืจืข ื‘ืขื ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ื” ืฉืจื—ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืžืืœ.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช 1999, ืคืจืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1999 ืžื•ื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื˜ืž ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจืช "ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคื™ื•ืœ". ืขื ื ืคื™ืœืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2000, ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง, ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืง ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืื—ืจืช ืœื ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”. ืžืคืœื’ืช ืฉ"ืก, ืฉืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื›ื•ื—ื”, ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืืš ืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืง ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืœ"ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจ" ื•ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ื˜ืจื ืžื‘ืฆืข "ื—ื•ืžืช ืžื’ืŸ", ืชืงืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืงืจื ืœื›ื ื™ืกืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื“ืขืชื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื›ื–ืืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืžื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื”. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2002 ื“ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืขื™ืจืืง. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื”ืขืจื™ืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™" ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื• ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืกื“ืื, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื™ืจืืง ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ืจืืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืžื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2002 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžืžืฉืœืช ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ืืš ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 24%. ืขื ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2003, ื”ื•ืฆืข ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืกื™ืจื‘ ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื• ื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืื›ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ืจืก ื›ื™ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืฉื•ืง ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืื•ืฆืจ, ืขืจืš ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืชืงื™ืคื”, ื•ืงื™ื“ื ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืง ืœ"ืื™ืฉ ื”ืจื–ื” (ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™) ื”ืกื•ื—ื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืŸ (ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™)". ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ืžื•, ืกื™ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžืก ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืืžืฆืข 2004 ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ืœื”ืคื—ืชื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืžืก ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช (25% ืœืขื•ืžืช 36%) ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2010 ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื (44% ืœืขื•ืžืช 50%). (ืžื’ืžื” ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื‘ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 โ€“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืขืœื” ืœ-48% ื•ืœ-50% ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013, ืื•ืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืก ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” ืขื“ ื›-40,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช.) ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš, ืืš ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืจืง ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืขืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื•ืงืคื ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ 147 ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ืž-15% ืœ-20% ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืจืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ืงื“ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2007 ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื— ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2004 ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืข"ืž ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 17%. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ("ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื”") ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื ื•ืขื“ื”, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืงืฆื‘ื” ื–ื• (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœืคืจื˜), ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”. ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื™, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“-ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื•ืจืจื• ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืžื—ืื•ืช, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื ืคื•. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘-2003 ื”ื•ื ืคืงื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ืžื ื™ื•ืช "ืืœ ืขืœ", ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื›ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช "ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื“ื“ื™ ื•ืื™ื–ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2004 ืžื›ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžื ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช "ืฆื™ื" (50% ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื”) ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ืกืžื™ ืขื•ืคืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—. ื”ืžื”ืœืš, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืžื™ืงื™ ืจื•ื–ื ื˜ืœ "ืขืกืงืช ื”ืฉืงืฉื•ืงื”", ืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื ื˜ ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืชื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื ืคืžืŸ, ืชืžื•ืจืช 1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ื›-80% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืกื—ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืกื”. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช "ื‘ื–ืง" ื ืžื›ืจื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ืŸ ื•ืื™ื™ืคืงืก, ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกืื™. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื• ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื ืžืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืœื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ื’ืžืœื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื ืžืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009, ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืงื‘ืข ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื ื›ืฉืœื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืœืืžืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื–ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืืคืฉืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื“ืœืช ืคืจืขื•ืŸ, ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื”. ืฆืขื“ ื–ื” ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืขืœืื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื. ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืงื™ื“ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื›ืจ". ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉืžื•ืžืฉื• ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื ืืœืฆื• ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืง. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ 2002 ืœ-2004 ืขืœื” ื‘ื›-10%, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื” ืœ-12%. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื• ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื. ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช. ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืฉืชืคืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2002 ื”ืชืงืฉืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ. ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉื ืช 2003 ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื ื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืžื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ (ืืฃ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”), ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ืคืจืกืžื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืžืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉืœ ืื”ื•ื“ ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื•ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื•, ื’ืจืžื” ืœืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ืื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื™ื—ืก ื“ื•-ืขืจื›ื™ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชืžืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืขื“ื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžืฆื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžืฉืืœ ืขื, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืืœ ื™ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ื›ืฉืขืœืชื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืขื“ื”, ืืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื•ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื™ืชืคื˜ืจ ืื ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืžืฉืืœ ืขื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืกื•ื’ ื‘ื• ืžื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื•ื ื•ืชืžืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืืœ ืขื. ืืช ื”ืชื ืขืจื•ืชื• ืžื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘, ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื—ืจืคืช ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืืกืจ ืขืจืคืืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ ื•ืชื‘ืข ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืืœ ืขื, ืืš ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื‘-7 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005, ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืžืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื‘ืขื–ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื•ื "ื‘ืกื™ืก ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื•ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉ"ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื‘ื›ืจ" ื‘ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ื‘-30 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ืชื ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื•ื–ื™ ืœื ื“ืื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื—ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื "ืฉืžืืœื” ืžืžืจืฆ". ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืœื ื“ืื• ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2005, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืคืœื’ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืงื“ื™ืžื”", ื”ืคืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื”. ืžื•ืœื• ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืกื™ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฅ ื•ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ. ืขื•ื–ื™ ืœื ื“ืื•, ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื•ืคื–, ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื, ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช "ืงื“ื™ืžื”". ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-19 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2005, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืขื 44% ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช (ืžื•ืœ 33% ืœืฉืœื•ื, 12% ืœืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื•-9% ืœื›ืฅ). ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2006 ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืžืขืชื” ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื›ื ืกืช ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ื›ืš ื ื™ื˜ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉื ื•ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ]. ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆืขื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžื—ื“ ื–ื›ื” ืœืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ืœื—ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ื™ื• ืฉื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืขื“ ื ื ืงื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-17, ื•ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืฆืขื“ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™" ื•ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืื–. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-17 ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืžืŸ ืžืคืœื” ืœืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘-12 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ื–ืืช ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื”ื•ื“ ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื•ืœื ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ืฉื ืจืื• ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”. ื‘ื ืื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื•ืกื”, ืงืฉืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืฉืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื”-17 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ืฉื ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื ืฉืงืคืช ืžืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืžืฉืช ื‘ืคืฆืฆืช ืื˜ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ. ื‘-14 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2007 ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืกื™ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื–, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื— ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื ื™ ื“ื ื•ืŸ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ 72.8% ื•ื‘ื™ืกืก ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื•, ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืืงื•ื ื™ืก, ืœื“ื—ื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”-36, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”-20. ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื ื—ืœืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชืคืกื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ื ื—ืฉื“ ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ. ืžื—ืœื™ืคืชื•, ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื™ื‘ื ื™, ื›ืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืคื•ื–ืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื™ ื”ืงืกืืžื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืืก ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื•ืชืžืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข. ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”". ื‘-3 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ, ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืชื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”", ื ืคืœื” ื‘ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ืจืงื˜ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžืžืฉืœืชื• ืชืคืขืœ ืœืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื”, ื•ืชืงืฃ ืืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืกื™ืคืจ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘-2020 ืฉื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื•, ืขืงื‘ ืกืงืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื• ื•ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืชื›ื ืข. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-18 ื–ื›ื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ื‘-27 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืกื™ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืื—ืจื™ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื ื“ื˜ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืžื ื™-ื“ืชื™, ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช (65 ื—"ื›ื™ื), ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจืก ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•, ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉ"ืก, ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘-31 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2009 ื”ื—ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื›ืœืœื” 30 ืฉืจื™ื ื•-9 ืกื’ื ื™ ืฉืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2009 ื ืฉื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช "ื ืื•ื ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ", ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื–ื”, ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื”ื ืื•ื ื ื™ืฉื ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื ืื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ืžืžืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ ื ืชืคืก ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชืคื ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2010 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื”ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• "ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื... ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฆืขื“ ื–ื” ืคืกืงื” ื”ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื•ืœืžืจื˜, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”, ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ ืœืขื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืื™ 2010. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2010, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื•ื ื•ื”ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืขืžื™ื ื•ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืžืืก, ืœื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื•ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืžืžืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 10 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 ืื™ืจืขื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืžืคื™ื’ื•ืข ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืขื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื‘ืžืชืงืคืช ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011, ื‘ื ืื•ื ื‘ืื•"ื, ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื• ืžืื–ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืื•"ื ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืœื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงืจื ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืคืขืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื˜ื• ืžืฆื“ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื—ืจืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื•, ื‘-29 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 67/19 ืฉืœื”) ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืงื™ืคื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื•"ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืื– ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื” ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ื‘ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืื•ืœืžืจื˜. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื•. ืœื“ื™ื“ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ื ืข ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืงื‘ืข. ื‘-11 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืืช ืขืกืงืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ืžืืก - ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื’ืœืขื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืชืžื•ืจืช 1,027 ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ื—ื™ืกืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ืื—ืžื“ ื’'ืขื‘ืจื™, ืจืืฉ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืช ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื ืŸ, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื™ืจื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข, ืืคืฉืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื—'ืืœื“ ืžืฉืขืœ ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืืจื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื“ 2011, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืžืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืืจืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื. ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืชืžืกื•ืจ ืœืกื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื˜ื— ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืœืฉื˜ื— ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืชื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื’ื ืขื ืกืขื•ื“ื™ื”. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืืš ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื” ืขืกืง ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชืงื™ืคืชื ืฉืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ. ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-1993. ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื‘-31 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011, ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ โ€ืื™ืจืืŸ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื ืื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื ื•โ€. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืื™ืจืขื• ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช ื•ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื”ืื‘ 3, ื—ืœืงืŸ ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœ"ืžื•ืกื“", ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืฉืื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช. ื‘-27 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ื ืื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื. ื‘ื ืื•ืžื• ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืจืืŸ ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ 90% ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœ-ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ืงื• ืื“ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›"ืฉืจ ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช". ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื’ืจื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืกื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2010 ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื’ื ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ืคืจ ืขื™ื ื™, ืขืœ ืขืกืงืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ืžืฉืง ืฉืœื” ืฆืžื— ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช. ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืžื•ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื˜"ื— ืœืฉื ืžื ื™ืขืช ื™ื™ืกื•ืฃ. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื ื—ืงืจื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื” ื‘ืžื ื™ืขื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™.[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื” ืœืงื“ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืื•ืฉืจื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช "ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืœื ื“", ื•ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”. ื‘ืžืื™ 2010 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ (OECD). ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 ืคืจืฆื” ืžื—ืืช ื”ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื˜ืจื›ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืื”, ื•ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื—ื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืœ 3, ื”ื•ืขืœื• ืžื™ืกื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืข"ืž, ืžืก ืงื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืง ื•ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืขืœื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-39 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ. ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืขืœืื•ืช ืžื™ืกื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืกื›ื ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืกื’ืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืขืชื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื–ื” ื ื“ื—ืชื”. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ื”ืœื” ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืžื’ืคืช ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ืกื ื• ืจืง ื›-700,000 ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื (ื›-10%) ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ืชืจื” ืขื ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›-4.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ืคืจืฆื” ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื‘ื›ืจืžืœ ื‘ื” ื ืกืคื• 44 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื›-17,000 ืื™ืฉ ืคื•ื ื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-25 ืงืž"ืจ (25,000 ื“ื•ื ื) ื•ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืขืœื• ื‘ืืฉ. ืฉืจืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืื’ืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 ื”ื•ืงื ืžื˜ื” ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืœ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื•"ืค ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-36 ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช 2008, ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ-ื›ื ืกืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“, ื›ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืœื• ื›-75% ืžื”ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช 2013, ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืื™ื—ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืืช ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื•"ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื” "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื–ื›ืชื” ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘-31 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-19 ื”ืงื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2013. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2013 ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืจืง ืื•ื‘ืžื” - ืฉื•ื—ื— ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืจื’'ืค ื˜ืื™ืค ืืจื“ื•ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ ืœืขื–ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜, ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2014 ื ืจืื• ื›ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ืฉืœื” ื•ืœื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื, ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ, ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืจื• ืฉื•ื‘. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ืืจื“ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ื ืขืจื›ื• ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืฉื™ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืคื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ืื–ื”ืจืช ืžืกืข ืœื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”โ€“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€“ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื-ืกื™ืกื™. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2019 ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืœื‘ื“ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ืคืช ื•ืจืฆื— ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืขืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘-12 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2014 ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืžืืก, ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืื—ื™ื ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื—ืžืืก ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื ืขืฆืจื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-400 ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืžืืก, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›-50 ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขืกืงืช ืฉืœื™ื˜. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืกืœื™ืงื™ื ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื. ื‘-8 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2014 ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœืœ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื›-3 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื” ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื™ืจื” ื—ืžืืก ืืœืคื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ื•ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืžืจื’ืžื” ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-30 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื ื—ื˜ืคื• ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืกืžืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื“ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉื’'ืืขื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘-7 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืจืคืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ื›ืจื” ืžืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืจืง ืื•ื‘ืžื”. ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ื•ืงื˜ืจ ื›ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืจื‘, ืืš ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—. ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘-26 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ื›ืฉืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืจื•ื‘. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ืฆื’ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2014 ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ื ืจืฆื—ื• 6 ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื‘-3 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2015 ื ืื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื™ืข ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช. ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ื ืื•ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืขื™ืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืจืง ืื•ื‘ืžื”. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื ืื•ืžื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 40 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ืฆืคื™ ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ ืฉืœ 4.9% ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013, ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื—ืœืงื” ื‘-2013 ื•ื—ืœืงื” ื‘-2014. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2013 ืื•ืฉืจื” ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื‘ืžืื™ 2014 ื”ืงื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœื•ืงืจ, ืœืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2015, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ื•ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื•ืช. ืืœื” ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื’ื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื ืงื•ื˜. ื‘-2 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2014 ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“ ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืจืฉื• ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืชืจ ืฉืจื™ "ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“" ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœ-17 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2015. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืคื™ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ืชื›ื ื ื• "ืคื•ื˜ืฉ" ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืง "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื". ืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื‘ื™ื‘ื™: ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™" ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื—ืจื˜ื” ืขืœ ืฉืคื™ื˜ืจ ืœืฉื•ื•ื ืืช ืœืคื™ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ "ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืกืจื• ืœื• ื–ืื‘ ืืœืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœืคื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ื• ืคื•ื˜ืฉ". ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืคืœื’ืชื• ืœื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ื‘-30 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ืฉืคืจืกื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื• ื›ืชื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืœืš ืœืžืžืฉืœืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืืœื™ื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืœืœื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจืฆืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืคืจืกื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืฉืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื• ืืžืจ: โ€ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื›ื ื”. ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงืœืคื™. ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื. ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ ืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ V15, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• "ืฆื• 8", ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืง ืืชื›ื, ืฆืื• ืœืงืœืคื™โ€. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืฆืขืจ ืขืœ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, "ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื", ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš. ื‘-14 ื‘ืžืื™ 2015, ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”-34 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื•, ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฆืจื” ืฉื ืฉืขื ื” ืขืœ 61 ื—"ื›ื™ื. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื ื”, ื‘-26 ื‘ืžืื™ 2016, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื• ืœืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ืขืœื” ืœ-66. ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2017 ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื—ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™ (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ). ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ 2016 ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื–ื•ืจื™, ืื– ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื—ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ "ื˜ื™ื™ื" ืœืื—ื“ ืžืžืื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2015 ื—ืœื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ื“ ืืœ-ืืงืฆื, ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ื’ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื“ืขืš ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืขื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืžื“ืืŸ. ื‘ื ืื•ื ืฉื ืฉื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”-37, ื‘-20 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2015, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื—ื’' ืืžื™ืŸ ืืœ-ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ืœื ืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ืœื’ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื, ืืš ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืื– ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื• ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืกืชื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœ-ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืื•ืช ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื ืฉืง ืœื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื•ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจื•ืกื™ื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2015, ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื•ืœื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžืื™ 2016 ืžื™ื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื”ืคื›ื” "ื ื’ืจืจืช ื•ืžืชืœื”ืžืช". ื‘ืžื—ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ื’ื ืื‘ื™ ื’ื‘ืื™ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื‘-2018 ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืขื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ืžืœ"ื˜ ืžืชืื‘ื“ ืื™ืจืื ื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” T-4 ื•ืชืงื™ืคืช ืžื—ืกื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืคืจื™ืœ, ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ืจืื ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ืช ื•ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื™ื•ืช. ื‘-30 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2018 ื ืฉื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ืื•ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื• ื—ืฉืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื "ื”ืžื•ืกื“" ืžื˜ื”ืจืืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™. ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ. ื‘ืžืื™ ื™ืจื• ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจืื ื™ื•ืช 20 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื—ืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืชืงืฃ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืื™ืจืื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018 ื—ืœื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ืžื•ืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืื™ืชืจ ืฆื”"ืœ ืฉื•ืจืช ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจืฅ 2018 ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›-220 ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืืฉ ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ืขืคื™ืคื•ื ื™ ืชื‘ืขืจื”, ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ ืชื‘ืขืจื” ื•ื ืคืฅ ื•ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื’ืจื• ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื”. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018 ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžื’ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื ื™ื˜ืจื•ืœ ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืคืจ "ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื”" ืœืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€“ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื—ื™ืกืœ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”, ืืช ื‘ื”ืื ืื‘ื• ืืœ-ืขื˜ื, ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ "ืคืœื•ื’ื•ืช ืืœ-ืงื•ื“ืก", ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ "ื”ื’'ื™ื”ืื“ ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™". ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืจื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ืช ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืคืฆื™ืฅ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ืขื ื”ื—ืžืืก. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ืื‘ื• ืžืื–ืŸ ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืœื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืงื˜ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžืืก, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืœื— ืžื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ืงื˜ืจื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›-30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค, ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื ื•ืฆ'ื™ืŸ, ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืงื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืœืžื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืžืืก ืœื ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 2019 ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก: "ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื›ืœ ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื—ืžืืก ื•ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื—ืžืืก. ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• โ€“ ืœื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ". ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ืื’ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ื’ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ื ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื›ืžื—ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžืงื˜ืจ ืœื—ืžืืก ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื•ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืคืจืฉื” ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืž-18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 ื•ื‘ึพ17 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018 ืžื•ื ื” ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืš ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ื‘-10 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ืœืฉื ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืชืจืขื” ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ื ื“ื‘ ืืจื’ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก ืžืฉืชืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืงื˜ืจื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 ืืž"ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžืืก ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2019 ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืขื™ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื–ื”, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื™ืžื ืข ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2019. ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื›ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ืžืžืฉืœื•, ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 2334 ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื, ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช "ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ื ืงื˜ื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืกื ื’ืœ, ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื•ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื, ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื” ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘-14 ื‘ืžืื™ 2018 ื ืขืจืš ื˜ืงืก ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื˜ืจืืžืค ืคืจืฉ ืžื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ื ืจ"ื, ืคืจืฉ ืžืื•ื ืกืง"ื• ื•ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ื•ืกื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ ื›ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2019 ื—ืชื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ืขืœ ืฆื• ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆืขื“ ื–ื”. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020 ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื• ("ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžืื”"). ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืชืงืจืจื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘-4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2017 ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื ืจื ื“ืจื” ืžื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ืŸ ืขื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืกื™ื•ืข ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ื•ื ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจืคืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžืงืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜, ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉื’ืจืื“. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”: ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2016 ืขืจืš ืกื‘ื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ืœืจื’ืœ 40 ืฉื ื” ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ืื ื˜ื‘ื”, ืœืฆื“ ืคืกื’ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืขื ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017 ื ืื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื” (ืื ') ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืžืืœื™. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื•ืจื• ืงื ื™ืื˜ื”. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ื™ืฆื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”, ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื•ืžืงืกื™ืงื•. ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื ื˜ืก ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ืื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2017 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ื, ื’ืœืขื“ ืืจื“ืŸ, ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืžืชืงืŸ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืจืฉ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ืžืืจื™ืชืจื™ืื” ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ืœืžื•ืœื“ืชื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ืง ืœืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ืช. ื‘-2 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2018 ื—ื–ืจื” ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ืžื”ืกื›ืžืชื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื” "ืœื—ืฅ ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื”" ืœืกื’ืช ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืืš ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ื”ืœื” ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ ืžื•ืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™, ืžื•ืœ ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•"ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืชื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื™ืืช ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ืœื ืฉื‘ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื™ื ื” ืืช ืจืืฉ ืžื˜ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืœื‘ืจ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืงื“ื ื•ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืชื ื’ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืงื‘ ืงืฉืจื™ื• ืขื ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ืง, ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2016 ืœื”ืกืžื™ืš ืืช ืฆื—ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื–ืง, ื•ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2017 ื”ืคืš ื”ื ื’ื‘ื™ ืœืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื‘ืžืื™ ืžื•ื ื” ืื™ื•ื‘ ืงืจื ื›ืฉืจ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2015 ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื’ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2017 ืคืขืœ ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช. ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืžืฉื” ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื™ืงื•ื ืœืœื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื• ืชื•ืงื ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืคืจื“. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“, ืืš ื”ื•ืงืคื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื’"ืฅ (ื•ื‘-2018 ืืฃ ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช), ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื•ืงื ืขื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืกื’ืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืžื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2015, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกื™ืขืช "ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“", ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื›ื™ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉืจ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš, ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ "ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœืœื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2020 ื ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื™ืคืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœืฉื ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืกื’ืจ ืืจืฆื™. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื’ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืž-29.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2014, ืœ-54 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2019, ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ 14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ื–, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืื’ืจื™ื, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื, ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื•. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืžื•ื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”. ื‘-27 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2016, ืคืกืœ ื‘ื’"ืฅ ืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื•ื•ื”, ืืš ื ืชืŸ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื•. ื‘ืžืื™ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื•ื‘, ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016, ื—ืชืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืคืจื™ื–. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019, ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2016 ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” "ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ" ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืขื–ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ. ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื™ื•ื ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ื•ืžืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืงืคื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017. ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืฉืื™ืจื™ื• ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืื• ืงืฆื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื™ืฉืœื ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš 600,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ืœื ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืช ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื’ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2015 ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“, ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื ืจืฉืžื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2016 ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื‘-24 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018, ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืช "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•" ืžื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ืžืื•ืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ื”ื•ืงื“ืžื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-21. ื‘-26 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืช ืคื™ื–ื•ืจื” ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-9 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2019. ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืื—ืช, ืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืจื™ืฆืชืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืฉืจื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”-28 ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘-9 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2019, "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื–ื›ื” ืœ-35 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืืš ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืกืžื•ืš ืœืคืงื™ืขืช ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงืฆื‘ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื™ื–ื ืืช ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš, ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืจืฃ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืืช ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื›ื•ืœื ื•". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื–ื”ื•ืช" ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืจืคื•ืื™. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœ-32 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช 38 ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื›ื•ืœื ื•" ื•ืœืœื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืœื™ ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื”ืŸ, ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืคืœื’ืช "ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™". ื‘-25 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืžืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ 55 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช 54 ืฉืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ, ืืฉืจ ืœื ืขืœื” ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžืฉื›ืš ื”ืชืคื–ืจื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื ืขืจื›ื• ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื– ืœืจืืฉื•ืช "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“", ื‘ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœ-72.5% ืžื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืกืขืจ. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื”, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020 ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœ-36 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื ืฅ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืœืฆืชื ืฉืœ 61 ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ื ืฅ, ื•ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ. ื‘-7 ื‘ืžืื™, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ 72 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืืฉื ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ืคื•ืจืกื ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ื‘-17 ื‘ืžืื™ 2020 ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืœืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืžื ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื‘-17 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021, ืืš ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•. ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ื”ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื‘ืชื—ืœื•ืื”, ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืกื’ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžื—ืื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืžืฉืœืชื• ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื ืืฉื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืชื—ืœื•ืื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืกื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ื›ื ืขื ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื‘ื•ืจืœื, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคื™ื™ื–ืจ, ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื. ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขื ื• ืœืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืกืŸ ื•ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืชื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ื— ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื” "ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืื”". ืื•ืœื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืจื“ื• ืžื”ืคืจืง ืขื ื—ืชื™ืžืช "ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ืจื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขื ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ืกื•ื“ืŸ, ืืš ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืžืžืฉ. ื‘-13 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2020 ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืฉื™ื™ื—' ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืื™ื“ ืืืœ ื ื”ื™ืืŸ, ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืจืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื, ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืœืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ื—. ื‘-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืจืžืœ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืื™ืชื” ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื ืงืจืื• "ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื". ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื ื—ืชื ื‘-15 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช (ื›ืžืชื•ื•ื›ืช) ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-10 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื”ื•ื›ืจื– ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืชื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื‘-22 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืจื‘ืื˜ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืจื•ืงื•. ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื™ื ืœืžื–ืจื— ื“ืจืš ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื“ืจืš ืกื•ื“ืืŸ. ื‘-24 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2020 (ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ), ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืืœ-ืคืชืื— ืืœ-ื‘ื•ืจื”ืืŸ ื•ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืืœืœื” ื—ืžื“ื•ื› ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ื ื ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื. ื‘-6 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2021 ื—ืชืžื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช "ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื". ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2021 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืฆื“ืง ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ืž-13 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2014. ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืœ"ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืžืจ, ื™"ื— ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืฉืค"ื, 30 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2021 ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืืกื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื• ื ืกืคื• 45 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ืคืฆืขื• 102 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-6 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2024 ืคืจืกืžื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœื—ืงืจ ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืจ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืคืชื—ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ืคืจืฆื• ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘-23 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2021 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืจื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืž-36 ืœ-30, ืืš ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“, ืขื 17 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืœืคื™ื“, ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜. ื‘-13 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ, ืžืžืฉืœืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-12 ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื ืžื ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืžื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืงื™ืคื•ื— ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื“ืจืฉ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืฉื ืขื“ืจื•, ื’ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื’ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืงื•ื“ืžื•. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืฆืžื• ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื ื˜. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืืฆืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืืคื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื– ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื ืœืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2021 ื ื—ื ืš ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ื–ืžื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘-2019. ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื—ืœืง ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืฉื“ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจ ื›ื™ "ื–ื”ื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™", ื•ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ, ื‘ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžื•. ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืื™-ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ื ืจื™ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืื’ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื ื–ืงื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื•. ื‘-29 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2022, ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข. ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืคืกืง ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืœืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืฆื’ ืฉื•ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉื’ื–ืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืก. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื“ืจืขื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืขื“ ืœื•: ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ึพ4 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2023 ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืงื“ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืคืกื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืคืกืงืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื›ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉืœืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜. ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘-ืžื™ืืจื”, ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื ื•ืข ืžืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืืช "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช", ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžื™ืืจื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื” ื™ืฆืจื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื—ืื” ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ. ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ืช ืฉืชืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœื”. ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืงื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชืคื’ืข ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช. ืขืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ืœื•ื’ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืขื. ื—ืœืง ืžืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืื™ื™ืžื• ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื” ืœื›ื“ื™ "ืžื—ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื" ืฉืื™ื™ืžื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื ืœืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื. ื‘-25 ื‘ืžืจืฅ ืงืจื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืกื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื’ืœื ื˜ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืžื—ืื” ื•ืœื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื›ื•ื ื• "ืœื™ืœ ื’ืœื ื˜". ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœืžื—ืื” ื•ื”ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื’ืœื ื˜ ื”ื•ืฉื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื•. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” "ืชืจื’ื™ืœ" ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉืชื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ื”ื’. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืงืจื™ืŸ ืืœื”ืจืจ, ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”, ืืš ื”ื–ืขื ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืคืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืงืงื” ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื ื›ืื•ืช ืžื—ืื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื’ืœ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื™ืจื™ ื•ื“ืจื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ. ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ื’ืœื™ื ื ืžืฉืš ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืงื˜ื” ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืคื’ืขื™ื. ื‘ึพ9โ€“13 ื‘ืžืื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื”, ื™ื–ื ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžื’ืŸ ื•ื—ืฅ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืคืœื•ื’ื•ืช ืืœ-ืงื•ื“ืก. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื”". ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2023 ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ, ื™ืฆื ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’'ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืœื˜ื• ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืกืขื•ื“ื™ื”, ืžืฆื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื“ ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืขืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช, ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืŸ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืืืœ ืกืขื•ื“. ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืœื™ื•ื• ืžื—ืื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ื‘-26 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืื˜ื•ืžื™ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืื™ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื” ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ 60%. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืžืงื“ื”, ืœืคื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืื˜ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2024 ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ืื™ืจืืŸ ืคืขืœื” ืื• ื’ื™ืฉืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื›ืžื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคืฆืฆื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื ืฉื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ืื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ื”ืื•"ื, ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆืืช "ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš - ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื™ื”" - ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื”ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2024 ืฉืœื—ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืก ืœื—ืงืจ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜. ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”: "ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื–ืืช, ืชื•ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื™ื•ืกื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื• ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื›ืฉ ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื ืื™ืœืฆื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื“ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2024 ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช (ืžื•ื“ื™'ืก, ืคื™ืฅ' ื•ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื“ ืื ื“ ืคื•ืจืก) ืืช ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1988. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ S&P ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืช 2025. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2024 ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื“ื™'ืก ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืขืœืืช ืžืก ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืž-17% ืœ-18%. ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื™ื•ืขืฆื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘-38% ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข OECD. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“: ื”ืฉืคื™ื˜ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืš ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉืงืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘-ืžื™ืืจื” ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื”. ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ื ื’ื“ื•. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2025, ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื›ืก ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 17% ืขืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช. ื‘-25 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ืงื‘ืขื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืก ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืจืืฉื™ ืฉื‘"ื› ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ "ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”". ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืคืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื”ื—ืœ ื‘-2018 ืงื™ื“ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื•ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื ืงืื™, ืžืงื˜ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื™ื“ืœ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืงื˜ืจ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื“ื™ืจ, ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืกืœืžื”. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ืขืช ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2019 ื˜ืขืŸ: "ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื›ืœ ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื—ืžืืก ื•ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื—ืžืืก." ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื›, ื ื“ื‘ ืืจื’ืžืŸ, ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืขื–ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช "ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ืจื™ืช".[ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ] ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2023 ืชื•ืขื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื–ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004, ื–ืืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืžื”ื ืคืงืช ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื— ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืกืžืš ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช โ€œืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ื™ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืืก, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืจืขื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ื” ื›ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืกืคืจ 1". ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš. ื‘ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™ 2023 ื—ืœื” ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ืœ ื—ืžืืก. ื‘-1 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื• ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืจื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ื”ืขืจื™ืคื”" ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืื—ืช ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืžืืก, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืจื‘ ื•ื”ื ื—ื” ืœืงื“ื ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื—ืžืืก. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ 7 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2023, ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”'ืชืฉืค"ื“, ืคืชื—ื• ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื "ื—ืžืืก" ื•"ื”ื’'ื™ื”ืื“ ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™" ื‘ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ื›-4,300 ืจืงื˜ื•ืช, ื—ื“ืจื• ื›-6,000 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื, ืœื™ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื™ ื•ืœืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•, ืž-119 ืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ืจ, ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืžื”ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ ื˜ื‘ื— ื•ืื•ื ืก, ืจืฆื—ื• ื•ื”ืจื’ื• 1,173 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืžืชื•ื›ื ื˜ื‘ื—ื• ื‘-779 ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ื—ื˜ืคื• ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื›-251 ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื, ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ืœื—ืžื• ื ื’ื“ื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช, ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื™ืž"ืž ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ืช. ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›-1,609 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื ื”ืจื’ื• 329 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, 58 ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•-10 ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืชื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื™ื ืชื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื 29 ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื” ื•-22 ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ื ื”. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ืืœืคื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื, ื ื’ืจื ื”ืจืก ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ื”ืœื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ื”, ื ืœื—ืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื”, ื”ื—ื•ืช'ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื“ืœ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื–ืง ืืช ื—ืžืืก, ืืœื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืกืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื•. ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื—ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘"ืฉืืœืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช" ืœืคืจื™ืฆืชื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื™ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืชืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืฉืช NBC ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื•ืืžืจ: "ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช [...] ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื”". ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ืคืจืกื ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ื•"ื— ื‘ืฉื "ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ", ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื“ืจืช ื“ื•"ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœื™ 7 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ื• ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืžื™ืžืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ "ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื“"ื› ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขืœืชื•, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื–ื” ื‘-7.10.23". ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024 ื˜ืก ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื ืื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื’'ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืกื’ื ื™ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงืžืœื” ื”ืืจื™ืก ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค. ื‘-19 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2024, ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืฉื™ื’ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื›ื˜ื‘"ืž ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ื”ื›ื˜ื‘"ืž ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื‘-4 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2025 ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฆื‘ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืชื™ืงื— ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ืชืคื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›"ืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ" ืชื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช. ื”ืฆืขื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืจืจื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื’ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช. ื‘-21 ื‘ืžืื™ 2025 ื›ื™ื ืก ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืจื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืจ, ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™, ืœืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื›"ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ". ื”ื ืื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื "ื ืื•ื ื”ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื" ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื™ื: โ€ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืชื›ื, ืขื ืžื” ืชืงืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘-7 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ? [...] ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ F-35? ืขื ืžื”? ืขื ื˜ื ืงื™ื? ืขื ืžื”? ื”ื ืชืงืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื›ืคื›ืคื™ื, ืงืœืฆ'ื ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืช.โ€ ื‘-12 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ, ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ 60 ื™ื•ื. ืž-2015 ืขื“ ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘-2018 ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืืคืฉืจื” ืื™ืจืืŸ ืœืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื"ื ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื”, ืจืžืช ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื“ 3.67%, ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื“ 300 ืง"ื’. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘-2018 ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื™ืฆื” ืื™ืจืืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ื‘-31 ื‘ืžืื™ ืคืจืกืžื” ืกื‘ื"ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ืจืืŸ 408.6 ืง"ื’ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ 60%. ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืžืœืื™ ื–ื” ืขืฉืจ ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ. ืœืฉื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉ, ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2025 ื ืคื’ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉื ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘' ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžื•ืœ ื—ืžืืก, ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื—ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ืžื ืฉืงื•, ื•ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืžื•ืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื• ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2025, ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืกื™ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ F-35 ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื”, ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2023. ื‘ืœื™ืœ 13 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2025 ื”ื•ืจื• ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื• ืชืงืฃ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื•ืืชืจื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืจืืฉื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื ืžืคืงื“ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืกืœืืžื™, ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืฆื‘ื ืื™ืจืืŸ ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืืงืจื™, ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื—ื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ื• 30 ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจืกื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืœื™ืœ 22 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืื™ืจืืŸ, ื•ืชืงืคื” ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ. ื‘-24 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ื•ื”ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ืคืกืงื•. ื‘-5 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2026 ืคืจืกื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ. ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื”ืืฉื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื“ืœ, ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืกื™ื’ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื•ืœื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืกืžืš ืคืจืกืžื• ืžืกืคืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืกืžืš ืžื›ื™ืœ ืกื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื•ืฉืงืจื™ื. ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื ืงื•ื˜ ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืžืกืžืš "ืฉืงืจื™ ื•ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™", ื•ื›ืš ื˜ืขืŸ ื’ื ื—"ื› ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ื•ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืคื™ื“ ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืžืš. ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืคืœื™ืœื™ื: ืฉืฉ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื“ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ืกื’ืจื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1997, ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื ื•ื ื™ื” ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื ืคืชื—ื” ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ "ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœื• ืชืžื™ื”ื•ืช". ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžื“ื™, ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1999, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื—ืฉื“ ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ืžืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืื‘ื ืจ ืขืžื“ื™, ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2000 ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“, ืžืจืžื” ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžื“ื™, ืขืœื” ื—ืฉื“ ืฉื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื—ื–ืงืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011, ืคืจืกื ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืจื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ืจื•ืงืจ, ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ื”ืžืงื•ืจ", ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1999โ€“2008 ื ืกืขื• ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘-2002. ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ, ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ื›"ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืจืก", ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017 ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017 ื ื—ืงืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื: "ืชื™ืง 1000", ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืฉื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ืžืืจื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœืฆ'ืŸ ื•ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืคืืงืจ ื•"ืชื™ืง 2000" ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•"ืœ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช", ื ื•ื ื™ ืžื•ื–ืก, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืฉื“ โ€“ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืžื•ื–ืก ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื• ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื• ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืฆืช "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื". ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื• ืืžืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช "ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื•ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื". ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืž"ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื”, ืฉื ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช", ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืœื ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ืชื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื. ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2017, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ืืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืืžืกืœื, ืžืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช", ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื ืชื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2018, ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆืื” ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื. ื‘"ืชื™ืง 1000" ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘"ืชื™ืง 2000" ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžืกืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• "ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ืžืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืคืขืœืชื™ ื ื’ื“ื" ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ื”, ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื—ืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง "ืชื™ืง 4000", ื”ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืœื”ื‘ 433 ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2017. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื•: ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช "ื‘ื–ืง" ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช "ื‘ื–ืง" ืกื˜ืœื” ื”ื ื“ืœืจ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืœื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื ื™ืจ ื—ืคืฅ. ื‘-2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2018 ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืจื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื—ืฉื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื•ื—ื“. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื, ืคื™ืœื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืคืฅ, ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื›ืš ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ื‘-2 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018, ืคืจืกืžื” ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆืื” ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“, ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจืžื” ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื‘ื• ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืชืจ 'ื•ื•ืืœื”' ืกื™ืงืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ืชื ื”ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช, ืขืงื‘ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืขืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืขื ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื 1000, 2000 ื•-4000 ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื“ืจืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืœื ืชืคื•ืจืกื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื—ืชื” ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืžื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ื• ื ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ืžืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืกืคื ืกืจ ืคืจื˜ืจื™ื“ื’'. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื’ื ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ 300 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืชืจ ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ื ืคืกืง ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข, ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื: ื‘ืชื™ืง 1000 ื•-2000 ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชื™ืง 4000 ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืฉื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ืžืกืข ืฆื™ื“ ื ื’ื“ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืœื—ืฅ ืคืกื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื™ืืช ื‘ืŸ ืืจื™, ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื”. ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืง 4000 ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจืžื” ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ 1000 ื•-2000. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง (ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”). ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžื”ืœืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ืฉื“ืจืฉื” ืžื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืœื›ืช ื“ืจืขื™-ืคื ื—ืกื™. ื‘-2 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020, ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง โ€“ ืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืขืžื“ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื‘-28 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020 ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื ื’ื“ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช, ืžืฉืš ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘-24 ื‘ืžืื™ 2020 ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ื“ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘-30 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2025 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉืช ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื’. ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื ื™ืžืง: ื‘ืžืื™ 2024 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื”ืื’ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฆื• ืžืขืฆืจ ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืจืช ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืจืขื‘ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ืจืฆื—, ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ืื• ืจืฆื— ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ื”. ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืื‘ ื’ืœื ื˜, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ืžืืก - ื™ื—ื™ื ืกื ื•ื•ืืจ, ืืกืžืขื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื“ืฃ. ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2024 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื’ืœื ื˜ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื’ืœื ื˜ ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ื” ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ืจืฆื—, ืจื“ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉ-124 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืกื’ื™ืจ ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื’ืœื ื˜ ืœื”ืื’ ืื ื™ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืชื—ื•ืžืŸ. ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืงืžื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืคืกื•ืช ื›ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื” ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืงื“ ืกื™ื™ืจืช ืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืื ื˜ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื™ื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืขื“ื•, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืคื ื•ืกื•ืคืจ. ื“ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืืœื™ืฉืข, ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืจื™ื (ืžื™ืงื™) ื•ื™ื™ืกืžืŸ (ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ืจืŸ) ื‘ืฉื ืช 1972. ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช, ื ื•ืขื”, ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื“ื ื™ืืœ ืจื•ื˜, ืื™ืฉ ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ ื‘ืจืกืœื‘; ืžื‘ืชื• ื ื•ืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื ื›ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1979 ื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื•ื™ื™ืกืžืŸ. ื‘-1981 ื ื™ืฉื ืœืคืœื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก, ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื‘ืื•"ื, ืขื‘ืจื” ื’ื ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™. ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื• ื‘-1989. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1991 ื ื™ืฉื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืจื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฆื™, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื“ื™ื™ืœืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘"ืืœ ืขืœ". ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื ืš ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฆื™, ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื, ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ืื‘ื ืจ. ื‘-2002 ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 1.8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื‘-2007 ืจื›ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• 1.7% ืžืžื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช NMDM, ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื•, ื“ืŸ ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืชืžื•ืจืช 600 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื‘-2010 ืžื›ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืžื•ืจืช 4.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 13.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ืคื™ "ืคื•ืจื‘ืก ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื”ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื ืืžื“ ื‘-50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื“ืจืš ืขื–ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ืฉืขืจื›ืŸ ื›-25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2023โ€“2024, ืขื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืงื•ืฆื‘ ืœื‘, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืข ืžืคืฉืขืชื™ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื”ืกืจืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช. ื‘-17 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024 ื ื—ืฉืฃ ื›ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2018โ€“2023, ืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2016 ืคืจืกื ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื™ื’ืืœ ืกืจื ื” ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืขืฆืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 1 ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืกื•ืœืง ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ืืฉืชื• ืฉืจื”. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกืš 279 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—. ื‘-11 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017, ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืกืจื ื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืื” ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ื›ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ 15 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืกืจื ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืกืจื ื” ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื“ื—ื”. ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืกืจื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกืš 200 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช, ืฉืคืจืกื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืื™ืœ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื• ืขืžื™ืช ืžืจืจื™, ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ืชืคืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื•. ื‘ืžืื™ 2023, ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืคืฉืจื”, ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžืฉืš ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื•ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื™ืคืจืกื ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื™ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื—ื“ ืืช ืžืจืจื™ ืื• ืืช ื™ื ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2022 ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื ื ื™ืื™ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื”ื•ื“ ืื•ืœืžืจื˜, ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉื”ื "ื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™". ื‘-21 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2022 ื ืคืกืง ืฉืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืœื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• 62,500 ืฉ"ื— ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 35,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜. ื‘-16 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2023 ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืจืžืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœื“ื•ื“ ืฉืžืจื•ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืจืฆื™ ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ื ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืชืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืกืง ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ 50 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืืจืฆื™ ืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืš ืงื‘ืข ืฉืืจืฆื™ ื™ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžืจื•ืŸ 290 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื” ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ, ืืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืจื’ื, ื™ืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืื•ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2025 ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื ื’ื“ ืคืขื™ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืื” ืฉืงืžื” ื‘ืจืกืœืจ, ืขืœ ืกืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืžืงื˜ืจ, ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื™ "ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”". ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื ืชื” ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืจืกืœืจ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืขื” ื’ื™ื™ืก 500 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืžื— ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-750 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ืฉืชืจืžื• ื›-4,800 ืื™ืฉ. ืกืคืจื™ื• ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืชื•: ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืกืง ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื ืงืจื ืชื—ื™ืœื” "ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื”ืจื–ื”" ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืงืจื "ื”ื ืžืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™", ื•ืืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืงื“ืžื” ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื• ืžื”ืžื•"ืœ, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืืš ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช, ื’ื ื– ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืคืจืกื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืงืจื” ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขืžื™ื—ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• โ€ข ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื–ืื‘ ืืœืงื™ืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื›ื ืกืช ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืืžืกืœื โ€ข ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื™ืชืžืจ ื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืงืช โ€ข ื”ืฉืจื” ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืื™ ื’ื•ืœืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื” ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื ื’ื‘, ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืกืจืœืื•ืฃ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžื™ืงื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื›ื”ืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›"ืฅ โ€ข ืกื’ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืœื•ื™ืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืกื•ืคืจ โ€ข ืฉืจืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ืช ืกื˜ืจื•ืง โ€ข ื”ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ื“ื™ืช ืกื™ืœืžืŸ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืกืขืจ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื•ืื‘ ืงื™ืฉ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœืžื” ืงืจืขื™ โ€ข ืฉืจืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ืจื™ ืจื’ื‘ โ€ข ืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืขืžื™ื—ื™ ืฉื™ืงืœื™ ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ: ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ โ€ข ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ: ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืช โ€ข ืžืฉื•ืœื ื ื”ืจื™ โ€ข ื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ื”ืŸ โ€ข ื—ืžื“ ืขืžืืจ โ€ข ื–ืื‘ ืืœืงื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื: ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืืžืกืœื ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš: ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/docs/text-embeddings-inference] | [TOKENS: 148]
text-embeddings-inference documentation Text Embeddings Inference text-embeddings-inference and get access to the augmented documentation experience to get started Text Embeddings Inference Text Embeddings Inference (TEI) is a comprehensive toolkit designed for efficient deployment and serving of open source text embeddings models. It enables high-performance extraction for the most popular models, including FlagEmbedding, Ember, GTE, and E5. TEI offers multiple features tailored to optimize the deployment process and enhance overall performance. Key Features: Benchmarks Benchmark for BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 on an NVIDIA A10 with a sequence length of 512 tokens: Getting Started: To start using TEI, check the Quick Tour guide.
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Raziel1234/WebText-3/discussions/1#696652e79f4bf3fab03f98e4] | [TOKENS: 350]
Datasets: Raziel1234 / WebText-3 like 0 [bot] Conversion to Parquet The parquet-converter bot has created a version of this dataset in the Parquet format in the refs/convert/parquet branch. What is Parquet? Apache Parquet is a popular columnar storage format known for: This is what powers the dataset viewer on each dataset page and every dataset on the Hub can be accessed with the same code (you can use HF Datasets, ClickHouse, DuckDB, Pandas, PostgreSQL, or Polars, up to you). You can learn more about the advantages associated with Parquet in the documentation. How to access the Parquet version of the dataset? You can access the Parquet version of the dataset by following this link: refs/convert/parquet What if my dataset was already in Parquet? When the dataset is already in Parquet format, the data are not converted and the files in refs/convert/parquet are links to the original files. This rule has an exception to ensure the dataset viewer API to stay fast: if the row group size of the original Parquet files is too big, new Parquet files are generated. What should I do? You don't need to do anything. The Parquet version of the dataset is available for you to use. Refer to the documentation for examples and code snippets on how to query the Parquet files with ClickHouse, DuckDB, Pandas or Polars. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to ask in the discussion below. You can also close the discussion if you don't have any questions. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ยท Sign up or log in to comment
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/datasets?modality=modality%3Aaudio] | [TOKENS: 853]
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[SOURCE: https://mschool.co.il/] | [TOKENS: 1415]
ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ mschool.co.il ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืืชืจ ืชืžืฆืื• ืžืื’ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื, ืชืจื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื, ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ืช ืžื™ืจื– โ€“ ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืชื™ืง ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ืฉื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืชืžืฆืื• ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื›ื—ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ึพmschool ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื›ื, ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืงืœื” ื•ืžื”ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœ mschool ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื•ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช! ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืจืก โ€“ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš" ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ [โ€ฆ] ืงื•ืจืก ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื–ื ื•ืฉื•ืื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืคืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช [โ€ฆ] ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ืœืงื•ืจืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช: ืงื•ืจืก ื–ื” ื™ืกืคืง ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”! ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื•ืจืก ื–ื”. [โ€ฆ] ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืจืก: ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš" ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 10 [โ€ฆ] ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืจืก โ€“ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš" ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ [โ€ฆ] ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืงื•ืจืก ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ืงื•ืจืก ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” [โ€ฆ] ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช
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[SOURCE: https://mschool.co.il/?utm_source=chatgpt.com#main] | [TOKENS: 1415]
ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ mschool.co.il ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืืชืจ ืชืžืฆืื• ืžืื’ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื, ืชืจื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื, ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ืช ืžื™ืจื– โ€“ ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืชื™ืง ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ืฉื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืชืžืฆืื• ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื›ื—ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ึพmschool ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื›ื, ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืงืœื” ื•ืžื”ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœ mschool ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื•ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช! ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืจืก โ€“ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš" ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ [โ€ฆ] ืงื•ืจืก ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื–ื ื•ืฉื•ืื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืคืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช [โ€ฆ] ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ืœืงื•ืจืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช: ืงื•ืจืก ื–ื” ื™ืกืคืง ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”! ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื•ืจืก ื–ื”. [โ€ฆ] ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืจืก: ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš" ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 10 [โ€ฆ] ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืจืก โ€“ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš" ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ [โ€ฆ] ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืงื•ืจืก ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ืงื•ืจืก ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” [โ€ฆ] ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/models?pipeline_tag=image-to-text] | [TOKENS: 997]
Models zai-org/GLM-OCR Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated 12 days ago โ€ข 1.32M โ€ข 1.1k unsloth/GLM-OCR Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated 18 days ago โ€ข 1.85k โ€ข 23 kha-white/manga-ocr-base Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Jun 22, 2022 โ€ข 216k โ€ข 168 lightonai/LightOnOCR-1B-1025 Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated about 20 hours ago โ€ข 138k โ€ข 234 ShayanCyan/phi4-multimodal-quantisized-gguf Image-to-Text โ€ข 4B โ€ข Updated 5 days ago โ€ข 268 โ€ข 3 ibm-granite/granite-vision-3.3-2b Image-to-Text โ€ข 3B โ€ข Updated 21 days ago โ€ข 44.3k โ€ข 72 monkt/paddleocr-onnx Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Oct 7, 2025 โ€ข 39 bluolightning/manga-ocr-tflite Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated 1 day ago โ€ข 157 โ€ข 3 mrrtmob/kiri-ocr Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated 8 days ago โ€ข 4.69k โ€ข 9 noctrex/LightOnOCR-2-1B-GGUF Image-to-Text โ€ข 0.6B โ€ข Updated 29 days ago โ€ข 6.03k โ€ข 16 mlx-community/GLM-OCR-bf16 Image-to-Text โ€ข 1B โ€ข Updated 17 days ago โ€ข 3.26k โ€ข 12 microsoft/trocr-base-handwritten Image-to-Text โ€ข 0.3B โ€ข Updated Feb 11, 2025 โ€ข 268k โ€ข 477 microsoft/trocr-large-handwritten Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated May 27, 2024 โ€ข 146k โ€ข 156 naver-clova-ix/donut-base Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Aug 13, 2022 โ€ข 296k โ€ข 249 to-be/donut-base-finetuned-invoices Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Mar 3, 2023 โ€ข 2.29k โ€ข 25 microsoft/kosmos-2-patch14-224 Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Nov 28, 2023 โ€ข 156k โ€ข 184 raxtemur/trocr-base-ru Image-to-Text โ€ข 0.3B โ€ข Updated May 29, 2024 โ€ข 1.04k โ€ข 30 Kansallisarkisto/court-records-htr Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Sep 17, 2024 โ€ข 2 โ€ข 1 unalignment/Pixtral-12B-Captioner-Relaxed Image-to-Text โ€ข 13B โ€ข Updated Jan 22, 2025 โ€ข 2 โ€ข 7 Daniil-Domino/trocr-base-ru-dialectic-stackmix Image-to-Text โ€ข 0.3B โ€ข Updated Jun 26, 2025 โ€ข 182 โ€ข 1 l0wgear/manga-ocr-2025-onnx Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Jun 30, 2025 โ€ข 69 โ€ข 6 numind/NuMarkdown-8B-Thinking Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Nov 13, 2025 โ€ข 539k โ€ข 442 WafaaFraih/blip-roco-radiology-captioning Image-to-Text โ€ข 0.2B โ€ข Updated Aug 14, 2025 โ€ข 140 โ€ข 3 lamco-development/granite-docling-258M-onnx Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated Sep 27, 2025 โ€ข 15 โ€ข 7 nvidia/nemotron-ocr-v1 Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated 15 days ago โ€ข 312 โ€ข 93 mradermacher/Qwen3-VL-8B-Abliterated-Caption-it-i1-GGUF Image-to-Text โ€ข 8B โ€ข Updated Dec 4, 2025 โ€ข 2.53k โ€ข 4 NexaAI/paddleocr-npu-mobile Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated 9 days ago โ€ข 45 โ€ข 3 sherif1313/Arabic-handwritten-OCR-4bit-Qwen2.5-VL-3B-v2 Image-to-Text โ€ข 4B โ€ข Updated Dec 29, 2025 โ€ข 595 โ€ข 6 mlx-community/LightOnOCR-1B-1025-bf16 Image-to-Text โ€ข 1B โ€ข Updated Nov 11, 2025 โ€ข 31 โ€ข 1 coredog64/fao-speciescode-handwritten Image-to-Text โ€ข 0.3B โ€ข Updated Dec 26, 2025 โ€ข 2 โ€ข 1
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[SOURCE: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช_ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ] | [TOKENS: 15034]
ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืขืจืš ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืืคืœื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื’ื–ืข ื•ื ื’ื“ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœืืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ื” ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ืช ื•ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžื ื” ื ื’ื“ ืืคืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš (ืื '). ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื•ืฆื, ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉ. ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืกืžื™ ืกืžื•ื—ื”, ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืืชื ื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื‘. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช, ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจืช ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ืืš ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื ื˜ืžืข. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช, ืื™ ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ื’ื ืื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื“ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” โ€“ ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื• ืœืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืžื•ื—ื”, ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืืžืฅ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ืจืง ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœื™ืœื™, ืืš ืขื ื–ืืช ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื”ื™ ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื, ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื’ื–ืข" ืื• "ืžื•ืฆื ืืชื ื™". ื‘ืฉื ืช 2022 ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืฉื” ื’ืคื ื™ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ืืš ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื ืขื‘ืจ. ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื˜ืžืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืžืžืกื“ื™ืช. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืžื‘ืกืก ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™, ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืกื‘ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืื• ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ื•ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื ืื” ื ื’ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื“ืช, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื•ืฆื ืืชื ื™ ื•ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืœืื•ืžื™ โ€“ ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืขืจื‘ื™. ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืืœ-ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ืช, ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช, ืชืžืš ื‘ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืืคืŸ ืืก ืืก ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื, ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ืชื™ืคืื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื”ื•ืคืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขื–ื” ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืกืชื” ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ืฉื ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื. ืฉื ืื” ื–ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืืกืœืืžื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืกืชื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื“ืžื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ืฆื’ ื›ืฉื˜ืŸ ืจืฆื—ื ื™ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื—' ืจืืื“ ืกืœืื— ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื›ืœื• ืœื—ื ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื“ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื—ืฉืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื“ืจืช ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื— ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ: ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ืœืฃ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืืžืคืฃ ื”ื•ื ืจื‘-ืžื›ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื). ื”ื”ืกืชื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืขืฉื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืจืฆื— ื ื’ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. "ืื“'ื‘ื— ืืœ-ื™ื”ื•ื“" (ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ุฅุฐุจุญ ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ, ืื• "ืื™ื˜ื‘ื— ืืœ-ื™ื”ื•ื“" ื‘ืชืขืชื™ืง ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืœืŸ) ื”ื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื•, ืงืจื™ืื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉื ืื” ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ื›ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืขื• ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืงืจื™ืื” ื–ื• ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื•ืืฉื ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื‘-20 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2000 ืฆืขื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืชื”ืœื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืงืจื "ืื™ื“'ื‘ื— ืืœ-ื™ื”ื•ื“" ื•ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืงืจื™ืื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืขืจื‘ื™ื: ื”ืคื•ืขืœ "ืื˜ื‘ื—'" (ุฅุทุจุฎ) ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ "ื˜-ื‘-ื—'" (ุทุจุฎ) ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืคื•ืขืœ "ืื“'ื‘ื—" (ุฅุฐุจุญ) ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ "ื“'-ื‘-ื—" (ุฐุจุญ) ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœ"ื–ื‘ื—" ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืžืฆืืœื—ื”: ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ื”ืคื’ื ื” ืœื ื‘ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ื™ืฉืืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ื”ืคื’ื ื”, ืœื ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืžืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ืชืคืื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ืชืคืื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืžืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื’ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื–ื”, ืืฃ ืœื ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืžืืก. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืžื™ ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื™ ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช. ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื• ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ืื• ืžื•ืฉืžืขืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืจื–ื•ืช ืื• ืžืฉืžื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ืžืฆืžืจืจืช "ืื˜ื‘ื— ืืœื™ื”ื•ื“". ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื•ืœื• ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืื—ืช, ื›ืจื–ื” ืื—ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื–ืืช. ืœืคื™ ืกื™ื™ื“ ืงืฉื•ืข: "ืื˜ื‘ื— ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“" [ื”ื™ื] ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืกืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืžืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™. [ื–ื”ื•] ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืœืœ ื›ืžื• ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืื“'ื‘ื— ืืœึพื™ื”ื•ื“", ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืžื•ื•ืช ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื" ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉื ืื” ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืงืจื™ืืชื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื•ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ืจืคื™ื˜ื™. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2014, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ืื™ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ, ืงื‘ืข ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ "ืžื•ื•ืช ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื" ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืชืžื•ื ืช ื˜ื ืง ืฉืจื•ืฃ, ื›ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืขืฆืจื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“". ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืงื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื ื— 'ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช', ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื˜ืื‘ื• ืœืžืŸ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฆืคื” ื•ืขืœืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืข ืžืื‘ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ื”. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1992 ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืจืืฉ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืกืงืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื›ืœืคื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉ-"40% ืžื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื–ื“ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•-60% ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ืื” ืœื–ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื• ืฉื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช". ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืกืงืจ ื˜ืขืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื›ื™ "ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื. ืื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืคื—ื“. ื•ืคื—ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื ืื”, ื•ื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืชื•ืจืช ืฉื ืื” ืขื ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื; ื•ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืขื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืคืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื". ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืชื•ืฆืจ ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืœืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™, ื•ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืœืื•ื, ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฆื™ืฃ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืฉืืœืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืžืชื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืงืจืงืข ืจื—ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆื“ืงืช ืฉื ืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžืชืคืจืกืžื™ื ื•ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉื ืื” ื”ื ืฉืžืขืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื ืฉืžืขืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืžื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื•ื”ืชืคืจืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืชืงื™ืคื”. ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™, ืื• ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืจื•ืกืกื” ื‘ื’ืจืคื™ื˜ื™, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื ื“ืœื™ืกื˜ื™, ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”. ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' ื”ืฆื˜ืœื ืœื™ื“ ื’ืจืคื™ื˜ื™ "ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื". ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงืจืื• "ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื" ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ืื• ืฉืจื™ืกืกื• ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช. ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื“ืžื•ื ื“ ืœื•ื™ ืคืกืง: ื”ืงืจื™ืื” "ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื", ืฉืœืžื’ื™ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืคื›ื” ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืจืฅ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืขืชื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœ ืจืกืŸ ืžืฆื“ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืจื•ื— ื’ื–ืขื ื™ืช ืจืขื” ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื ื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื” ื•ืœืขื•ืงืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื˜ืจื ื ื ืงื˜ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ืžื™ื’ื•ืจื”. ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉื ืื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืคื™ ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ืื” "ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”". ืงืจื™ืื” ื–ื• ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช "ื›ื”ื ื ื—ื™", ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื” ื ืžื ื” ืขื ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœืคืกื™ืœืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-13. ื‘ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ: ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื• ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ืช, ื•ืชื”ื“ื”ื“ ืœืขื“, ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจืช, ื”ืืžื™ืจื” "JUDEN RAUS", ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช: "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”". ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืคืช ืžืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”" ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื“ื™ื•ืงื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ "ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช", ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื‘-2005 ื”ืจืฉื™ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืคืจ ืชืคื•ื— ื‘ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืืžืชื—ืชื• ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืกืžื” "ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื", ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืฉื” ื“ืจื•ืจื™ ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื•ื˜ืขืŸ โ€ืกืคืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ 'ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื'โ€, ื‘-2019 ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ืชื•ืฉื‘ ืขืจื“ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2014 ืคืจืกื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ืชื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืขืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘-7 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2020 ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘-14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024 ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืžื”ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกืชื” ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืกืชื” ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2024 ื ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• 200 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืืกืจ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืจืฉื™ืขื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ืกืชื” ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืžืื™ 2023, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื’ื˜ ืขืฆืจื” ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช "ื’ื˜ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ" ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›-6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœ"ื’ื˜ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ". ื–ืืช, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื›ื ืคืฉืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื‘-30.5.23, ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืขื ืง ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื. ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืขื ืง ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืฉื™ืจื•ืช "ื’ื˜ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ" ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื˜ ืžืคืœื” ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืกื›ื ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื˜ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื™ ืœื“ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื™ื™ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจืœื™ ืืจื–-ืœื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืื•ืจื™ ื ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืจื™ ื™ืกืฃ-ื ื—ืžื™ืืก. ื‘ืžืื™ 2023 ืžืคื›"ืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืงื•ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืชืื™, ืชื™ืจืฅ ืืช ืื•ื–ืœืช ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉโ€ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื”ื. ื–ื• ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืโ€. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ืชืงื™ืคื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืžื ื™ืข ื’ื–ืขื ื™, ืขืœ ืฉืชืงืคื• ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืขืขื• ืขื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืืจื‘ืข, ืฉืชืงืคื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018. ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช 2004 ืžืชื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคืช ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื•ืชืงืฃ ื ื”ื’ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ืชืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืฉืช ื‘' ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ: "ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื—ื™ื›ื• ืœื™ ื‘ืชื—ื ื” ื•ืื– ื–ืจืงื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืงืจืื• ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข-ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืงื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”. ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื–ื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืื—ืจื™ ื›-40 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•". ื‘ืฉื ืช 2025 ื’ื‘ืจื” ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืœื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื. ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชื•ื ื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื (ืื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื ืžื•ืš ืžื—ืœืงื ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”). ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ืช ืจืข"ืž ืœืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืชื—ื• ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืคืœื’ื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื–ื•: "ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืชืืžื™ื ื™ ืื• ืœื, ืขื ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืคืจื˜ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ื•ืœืงื˜ืจ, ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ื•ื—, ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืžืคืœื’ื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ืฉืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™. ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ...". ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2026 ืคืจืกืžื” ืžืคืœื’ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกืžื” "ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ, ืœื ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช". ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ื‘-23 ื‘ืžืื™ 2012 ื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืคื’ื ื”, ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื›ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ, ื‘ืžื—ืื” ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื” ื ืืžื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื™ืจื™ ืจื’ื‘, ืฉืืžืจื” "ื”ืกื•ื“ื ื™ื ื”ื ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•" ื•ื“ื ื™ ื“ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉืืžืจ "ืงืžื” ืœื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื” ืชืงืคื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื™-ืื•ืจื—, ื ื™ืคืฆื• ื–ื’ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื, ื”ื‘ืขื™ืจื• ืคื—ื™ ืืฉืคื” ื•ื”ืชืขืžืชื• ืขื ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื” ื ืžืชื—ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื ืฉืื• ืื•ืคื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื™ ื•ืžืกื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•"ืจ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื™ื“ ื•ืฉื, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื• ื•ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื™ื“ ื•ืฉื ืื‘ื ืจ ืฉืœื•. ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ื. ื‘ืกืงืจ "ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉืœื•ื" ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ ืžืฉื ืช 2012, ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ 52% ืžื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•-18% ืžื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืจื™ ืจื’ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื ื”ื ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. 33% ืžื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•-23% ืžื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื–ื“ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืกืชื ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ืคืฉืขื™ ืฉื ืื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื“ืช ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 144ื’ (ื‘) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข: "ืคืจืกื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื“ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื• ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืช, ืœื ื™ืจืื• ืื•ืชื ื›ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 144ื‘, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืกื™ืช ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช". ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ืืœื‘ื” ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ื”ืกืชื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืืžืจื• "ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื’ืช ื’ื•ื™" ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื’ื‘ืจ". ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื–ื• ื ื“ื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื ืชืคืกื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื•ืช: ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื“ืชื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžื•ืฆื ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื•, ืœืฆื“ ืคืขืจื™ื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ืžื™ืงื•ื ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืกืข ื”ืขื“ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืขื“ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”'ื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ื•ื“ืŸ' (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”) ืœ'ืื•ืกื˜ื™ื•ื“ืŸ' (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื”) โ€“ ื ืขืœืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืžื–ืœื–ืœืช ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื’ื ืื™ ื›ืžื• ืฆ'ื—ืฆ'ื—, ืคืจื ื’', ืคืจื—ื”, ืขืจืก ื•ืฆ'ืื—ืœื”. ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื’ื ื“ืขื•ืช ืกื˜ืจืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื’ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืคื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™, ื—ื–ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ืขืฆืขืช, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื™ืœื’ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืคืœื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื’ื ืื™ ื›ืžื• "ื•ื•ื–ื•ื•ื–ื™ื", "ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ" ื•"ืืฉื›ื ืืฆื™ื". ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื’ื ืื™ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืื” ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ืฆื“ืง" ื•ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœืงืฉืจ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื’ื ืื™ ื›ืžื• "ื–ื•ื ื”" ื•ืงืฉื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ืงื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ืœืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื–ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฉื• ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืคืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ื–ืขื™ ื•ืขืฉื• ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื•ืคืขืœื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืžืชืงื ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช ื ืคืชื—ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื. ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2002 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ 25% ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื”, ืœืื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจืื• ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ. ื‘-2009 ื ืžื ืขื” ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ื“ื’'ื” ืœืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ "ื’ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืจ" ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืชื• ื”ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืืช ื•ื•ื“ื’'ื” ื‘-35,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ื™ืชื•. ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืžื ื™ืขืช ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช: ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1975, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช. ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ืชื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1991 ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื” ืขืฆืจืช ื”ืื•"ื ืžื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 4686 ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื, ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 3379 ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001 ื›ื•ื ืกื” ื‘ื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื•"ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช, ืืคืœื™ื” ื’ื–ืขื™ืช, ืฉื ืืช ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช. ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื—ืื” ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื›ื™ "ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื“ืช, ื’ื–ืข ื•ืžื™ืŸ" ื•ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื’ื–ืขื• ื•ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื•. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื”, ืฉื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 4 ืฉืœื• ื ืืžืจ: "ืžื˜ืคืœ ืื• ืžื•ืกื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื“ืช, ื’ื–ืข, ืžื™ืŸ, ืœืื•ื, ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืฆื, ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืื• ืžื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื”". ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื’ื–ืขื ื™, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ืง ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื–ืจื™ื ืขื ืงืฉืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืื• ืืชื ื™ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžื•ืฆื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืœื–ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืื• ืืชื ื™ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ื ืœื ื“. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื ืชื” ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช "ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“". ืจืื• ื’ื ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/docs/microsoft-azure] | [TOKENS: 221]
Microsoft Azure documentation Hugging Face on Microsoft Azure Microsoft Azure and get access to the augmented documentation experience to get started Hugging Face on Microsoft Azure Hugging Face collaborates with Microsoft Azure across open science, open source, and cloud, to enable companies to build their own AI with the latest open models from Hugging Face and the latest infrastructure features from Microsoft Azure. Hugging Face enables new experiences for Microsoft Azure customers, allowing them to deploy models on their Microsoft Azure infrastructure directly from the Hugging Face Hub via one-click deployments in a secure and scalable way, as well as from either the Microsoft Foundry or the Azure Machine Learning model catalog, or even programmatically via the Azure CLI or the Python SDK. This collaboration aims to offer developers access to an everyday growing catalog of open-source models from the Hugging Face Hub, using Hugging Face open-source libraries across a broad spectrum of Microsoft Azure services and hardware platforms. By combining Hugging Faceโ€™s open-source models, libraries and solutions with Microsoft Azureโ€™s scalable and secure cloud services, developers can more easily and affordably incorporate advanced AI capabilities into their applications.
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/enterprise-hub-tokens-management] | [TOKENS: 218]
Hub documentation Tokens Management Hub and get access to the augmented documentation experience to get started Tokens Management This feature is part of the Team & Enterprise plans. Tokens Management enables organization administrators to oversee access tokens within their organization, ensuring secure access to organization resources. Viewing and Managing Access Tokens The token listing feature displays all access tokens within your organization. Administrators can: Fine-grained tokens display their specific permissions: Token Policy Enterprise organization administrators can enforce the following policies: Reviewing Token Authorization When token policy is set to โ€œRequire administrator approvalโ€, organization administrators can review details of all fine-grained tokens accessing organization-owned resources and revoke access if needed. Administrators receive email notifications for token authorization requests. When a token is revoked or denied, the user who created the token receives an email notification. Programmatic Token Issuance For organizations that need to programmatically issue access tokens for their members (e.g., for internal platforms, CI/CD pipelines, or custom integrations), see OAuth Token Exchange. This Enterprise plan feature allows your backend services to issue scoped tokens for organization members without requiring interactive user consent.
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/datasets?modality=modality%3Adocument] | [TOKENS: 839]
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[SOURCE: https://gingim.net/ar/main/] | [TOKENS: 2014]
ู…ุน ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ู†ุชุนู„ู‘ู… ูˆู†ุณุชู…ุชุน ุฅุจุฏุฃูˆุง ู…ุฌุงู†ู‹ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุฃูุถู„ ู…ุชุฌุฑ ู„ู„ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„! ู‡ู„ ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ุŸ ุฃูŠู† ู†ู„ุนุจ ูˆู†ุณุชู…ุชุน ู…ุน ุฌูู†ุฌูู…ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 1000 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฎุชุงุฑุช ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง: ุชุนู„ู‘ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠ ูˆู…ู…ุชุน ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠ ุชุดุฌุน ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุซุฑูŠู† ุฏู…ุฌ ูˆุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ. ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ > ููŠ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู‘ู„ุงุจ ููŠ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ูƒู„ู‘ ูŠูˆู… ู„ุงูƒุชุณุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‘ุฉ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏู‹ุง ู„ู„ุตูู‘ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ูˆู„ุชุดุฌูŠุน ุงู„ุทู‘ู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆู† ุตุนูˆุจุงุช. ูŠุชุฏุฑุจ ุงู„ุทู‘ู„ุงุจ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุŒ ุจู…ูุฑุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ุดุทุฉ ุชุชู„ุงุกู… ู…ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ. ุงู„ุชุนู„ู‘ู… ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจ ู„ุฃุนู…ุงุฑ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„. ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ > ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูŠุชุฏุฑู‘ุจ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู‘ู„ุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง.. ูŠูˆูู‘ุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู‘ู… ุจู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู†ุฌุงุญ ูˆุฏุนู… ูˆูŠุนุฒู‘ุฒ ุซู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ุจู†ูุณู‡. ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูŠู‚ู„ู‘ุตูˆู† ุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุช ูˆูŠุญุณู‘ู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู†ุฌุงุฒุงุชู‡ู…. ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ > ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ููŠ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ูƒู„ู‘ ูŠูˆู… ู„ู„ุชุฏุฑู‘ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‘ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู‘ู… ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูุงุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ. ูŠุชู…ู‘ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุฏุงุนู…ุฉ ู…ุซู„: ุดุงุดุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุงู„ู„ู…ุณุŒ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุชุจู‘ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง. ุฅู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุดุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูู‘ุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุณู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุชู†ูˆู‘ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ: ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฐู‡ู†ูŠู‘ุฉุŒ ุงุถุทุฑุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ุŒ ุงู„ุงุนุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠู‘ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠู‘ุฉ. ูŠุชุนู„ู‘ู… ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจุŒ ูŠุชุฏุฑู‘ุจูˆู†ุŒ ูŠุณุชู…ุชุนูˆู† ูˆูŠุดุนุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ. ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ > ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌูŠู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตู‘ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฏุฑู‘ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ูˆุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠู‘ุฉ. ู…ุนู„ู…ู‘ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุŒ ุฃุฎุตุงุฆูŠู‘ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู…. ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ > ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุทู„ุงุจ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุงุฐ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุบุฑุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠุงู† ูƒูุฑ ู‚ุฑุน ุฃุญู…ุฏ ูƒุฑู…ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ ูˆุฃุฎุตุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุจุณู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุชูˆุญุฏ ุทุงู‚ู… ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ุทู…ุฑุฉ ุงุญู„ุงู… ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุนู„ู…ุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุณุฉ - ุงู„ู†ุงุตุฑุฉ ุจุงู‚ุงุช ุฌูู†ุฌูู… ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ู„ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ุดู‡ุฑูŠ ู…ุชุฌุฏู‘ุฏ ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ู„ู…ุฏู‘ุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุญุงุณูˆุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ู„ุนุฏู‘ุฉ ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณู‘ุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏูŠู‘ุฉ ูˆุงุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ุชุฑูˆูŠุฌูŠู‘ุฉ: ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื/ื” ื›ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ื™ืฉืžืจื• ื•ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ. ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ู…ุญููˆุธุฉ ู„ู€ ููˆุฑ ุขูŠ ุฏูŠ ุฒูˆุฑูˆุง ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ููŠุณ ุจูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฎุงุตู‘ุฉ ุจู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู†ู‚ุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ Accessibility ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู„ูุงุช ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท (Cookies) ู„ุบุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุชุตูุญุŒ ูˆุชุญุณูŠู† ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…. ูŠูุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ูˆุณูŠุงุณุฉ ู…ู„ูุงุช ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท. ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู„ูุงุช ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท (Cookies) ู„ุบุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุชุตูุญุŒ ูˆุชุญุณูŠู† ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…. ูŠูุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ูˆุณูŠุงุณุฉ ู…ู„ูุงุช ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท.
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/models?pipeline_tag=image-to-image] | [TOKENS: 1048]
Models FireRedTeam/FireRed-Image-Edit-1.0 Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated 7 days ago โ€ข 2.15k โ€ข โ€ข 228 black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-klein-9B Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 15 โ€ข 85.8k โ€ข 443 fal/Qwen-Image-Edit-2511-Multiple-Angles-LoRA Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 7 โ€ข 60.4k โ€ข โ€ข 1.01k black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-klein-4B Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 15 โ€ข 180k โ€ข โ€ข 486 Alissonerdx/BFS-Best-Face-Swap Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated 22 days ago โ€ข 49.9k โ€ข โ€ข 250 black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated 4 days ago โ€ข 166k โ€ข โ€ข 1.38k unsloth/Qwen-Image-Edit-2511-GGUF Image-to-Image โ€ข 20B โ€ข Updated Jan 8 โ€ข 99.9k โ€ข 365 Qwen/Qwen-Image-Edit-2511 Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Dec 23, 2025 โ€ข 127k โ€ข โ€ข 819 unsloth/FLUX.2-klein-9B-GGUF Image-to-Image โ€ข 9B โ€ข Updated Jan 16 โ€ข 55.2k โ€ข 103 Qwen/Qwen-Image-Edit Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Aug 25, 2025 โ€ข 70.8k โ€ข โ€ข 2.31k tencent/HunyuanImage-3.0-Instruct Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated 18 days ago โ€ข 1.47k โ€ข โ€ข 359 black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-klein-base-9B Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 15 โ€ข 65.4k โ€ข โ€ข 175 ShinoharaHare/Waifu-Inpaint-XL Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Nov 7, 2025 โ€ข 553 โ€ข 20 unsloth/FLUX.2-klein-4B-GGUF Image-to-Image โ€ข 4B โ€ข Updated Jan 16 โ€ข 30.8k โ€ข 91 black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-Kontext-dev Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 1 โ€ข 76.9k โ€ข โ€ข 2.55k dx8152/Qwen-Edit-2509-Multiple-angles Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Nov 28, 2025 โ€ข 96.8k โ€ข โ€ข 898 lightx2v/Qwen-Image-Edit-2511-Lightning Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 15 โ€ข 286k โ€ข โ€ข 372 black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-klein-9b-fp8 Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 16 โ€ข 52.2k โ€ข 106 Qwen/Qwen-Image-Edit-2509 Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Sep 22, 2025 โ€ข 131k โ€ข โ€ข 1.07k QuantStack/Qwen-Image-Edit-2509-GGUF Image-to-Image โ€ข 20B โ€ข Updated Oct 18, 2025 โ€ข 54.5k โ€ข 327 silveroxides/FLUX.2-dev-fp8_scaled Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated 12 days ago โ€ข 16.1k โ€ข 44 prithivMLmods/Qwen-Image-Edit-2511-Hyper-Realistic-Portrait Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 16 โ€ข 35.4k โ€ข โ€ข 12 rafacost/DreamOmni2-7.6B-GGUF Image-to-Image โ€ข 8B โ€ข Updated Oct 22, 2025 โ€ข 2.22k โ€ข 24 prithivMLmods/Qwen-Image-Edit-2511-Unblur-Upscale Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 15 โ€ข 21.2k โ€ข โ€ข 89 black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-klein-base-4B Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 15 โ€ข 65.5k โ€ข โ€ข 87 black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-klein-base-9b-fp8 Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Jan 16 โ€ข 30.3k โ€ข 46 tencent/HunyuanImage-3.0-Instruct-Distil Image-to-Image โ€ข 83B โ€ข Updated 18 days ago โ€ข 790 โ€ข 47 prithivMLmods/FireRed-Image-Edit-1.0-FP8 Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated about 6 hours ago โ€ข 3 prithivMLmods/Qwen-Image-Edit-AIO-FP8 Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated 17 minutes ago โ€ข 3 yisol/IDM-VTON Image-to-Image โ€ข Updated Apr 22, 2024 โ€ข 16.3k โ€ข 698
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[SOURCE: https://www.lomdimbareshet.net/%d7%9e%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%98%d7%99%d7%a7%d7%94-%d7%9b%d7%99%d7%aa%d7%94-%d7%96/] | [TOKENS: 907]
ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื–' ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื–' ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื: ืืœื’ื‘ืจื™ , ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ ( ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ).ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื“ืฃ ืชืžืฆืื• ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืžืคืž"ืจ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช. ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื”. ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืžืžืขืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ืืช ื’ืจืคื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืกื“ืจ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืคื•ืช ื”ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืœืขื™ื ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืžืขื’ืœ ื•ืฉื˜ื— ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆื” ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ืœืข ืื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืžื ืกืจื” ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื / ืžืคืž"ืจ , ืžืฆื•ืจืคื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ืฆืขื ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.ืœื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชื›ื ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2012 . ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ - ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ยฉ 2024 ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช - ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืฅ "ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช" ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/models?library=transformers] | [TOKENS: 944]
Models Qwen/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B Image-Text-to-Text โ€ข Updated 1 day ago โ€ข 133k โ€ข โ€ข 802 MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M2.5 Text Generation โ€ข Updated 5 days ago โ€ข 173k โ€ข โ€ข 816 zai-org/GLM-5 Text Generation โ€ข 754B โ€ข Updated 8 days ago โ€ข 177k โ€ข โ€ข 1.39k Nanbeige/Nanbeige4.1-3B Text Generation โ€ข 4B โ€ข Updated 2 days ago โ€ข 130k โ€ข โ€ข 636 unsloth/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B-GGUF Image-Text-to-Text โ€ข 396B โ€ข Updated 5 days ago โ€ข 73.4k โ€ข 168 nineninesix/kani-tts-2-en Text-to-Speech โ€ข 0.4B โ€ข Updated 2 days ago โ€ข 2.59k โ€ข 163 moonshotai/Kimi-K2.5 Image-Text-to-Text โ€ข Updated 16 days ago โ€ข 1.07M โ€ข โ€ข 2.06k unsloth/MiniMax-M2.5-GGUF Text Generation โ€ข 229B โ€ข Updated 7 days ago โ€ข 64.5k โ€ข 136 Qwen/Qwen3-Coder-Next Text Generation โ€ข Updated 18 days ago โ€ข 415k โ€ข โ€ข 933 nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2-Japanese Text Generation โ€ข 9B โ€ข Updated 1 day ago โ€ข 5.14k โ€ข 92 Fortytwo-Network/Strand-Rust-Coder-14B-v1 Text Generation โ€ข 15B โ€ข Updated Jan 5 โ€ข 627 โ€ข 103 inclusionAI/Ling-2.5-1T Text Generation โ€ข Updated 5 days ago โ€ข 1.64k โ€ข 80 unsloth/Qwen3-Coder-Next-GGUF Text Generation โ€ข 80B โ€ข Updated 4 days ago โ€ข 469k โ€ข 375 TeichAI/Qwen3-14B-Claude-4.5-Opus-High-Reasoning-Distill-GGUF Text Generation โ€ข 15B โ€ข Updated 1 day ago โ€ข 8.74k โ€ข 73 zai-org/GLM-OCR Image-to-Text โ€ข Updated 12 days ago โ€ข 1.32M โ€ข 1.1k inclusionAI/Ring-2.5-1T Text Generation โ€ข Updated 6 days ago โ€ข 5.35k โ€ข 215 tarteel-ai/whisper-base-ar-quran Automatic Speech Recognition โ€ข Updated Dec 13, 2022 โ€ข 12.7k โ€ข 133 unsloth/GLM-5-GGUF Text Generation โ€ข 754B โ€ข Updated 6 days ago โ€ข 48.1k โ€ข 182 CohereLabs/tiny-aya-global Text Generation โ€ข 3B โ€ข Updated 2 days ago โ€ข 988 โ€ข 47 openbmb/MiniCPM-SALA Text Generation โ€ข Updated 10 days ago โ€ข 4.66k โ€ข 470 Qwen/Qwen3.5-397B-A17B-FP8 Image-Text-to-Text โ€ข 403B โ€ข Updated 3 days ago โ€ข 34.8k โ€ข 46 lm-provers/QED-Nano Text Generation โ€ข 4B โ€ข Updated 5 days ago โ€ข 450 โ€ข 74 unsloth/GLM-4.7-Flash-GGUF Text Generation โ€ข 30B โ€ข Updated 9 days ago โ€ข 360k โ€ข 502 DMindAI/DMind-3 Text Generation โ€ข Updated 25 days ago โ€ข 322 โ€ข 85 zai-org/GLM-4.7-Flash Text Generation โ€ข Updated 23 days ago โ€ข 1.75M โ€ข โ€ข 1.55k zai-org/GLM-5-FP8 Text Generation โ€ข Updated 8 days ago โ€ข 421k โ€ข 113 openai/gpt-oss-20b Text Generation โ€ข Updated Aug 26, 2025 โ€ข 5.58M โ€ข โ€ข 4.39k jinaai/jina-embeddings-v5-text-small Feature Extraction โ€ข Updated 1 day ago โ€ข 2.76k โ€ข 37 deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-OCR-2 Image-Text-to-Text โ€ข Updated 19 days ago โ€ข 1.42M โ€ข 784 stepfun-ai/Step-3.5-Flash Text Generation โ€ข Updated 8 days ago โ€ข 299k โ€ข โ€ข 640
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/docs/google-cloud] | [TOKENS: 505]
Google Cloud documentation Hugging Face on Google Cloud Google Cloud and get access to the augmented documentation experience to get started Hugging Face on Google Cloud Hugging Face collaborates with Google across open science, open source, cloud, and hardware to enable companies to build their own AI with the latest open models from Hugging Face and the latest cloud and hardware features from Google Cloud. Hugging Face enables new experiences for Google Cloud customers. They can easily train and deploy Hugging Face models on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), Vertex AI, or Cloud Run on any hardware available in Google Cloud using Hugging Face Deep Learning Containers (DLCs). If you have any issues using Hugging Face on Google Cloud, you can get community support by creating a new topic in the Forum dedicated to Google Cloud usage. Train and Deploy Models on Google Cloud with Hugging Face Deep Learning Containers Hugging Face built Deep Learning Containers (DLCs) for Google Cloud customers to run any of their machine learning workload in an optimized environment, with no configuration or maintenance on their part. These are Docker images pre-installed with deep learning frameworks and libraries such as ๐Ÿค— Transformers, ๐Ÿค— Datasets, and ๐Ÿค— Tokenizers. The DLCs allow you to directly serve and train any models, skipping the complicated process of building and optimizing your serving and training environments from scratch. For training, our DLCs are available for PyTorch via ๐Ÿค— Transformers. They include support for training on both GPUs and TPUs with libraries such as ๐Ÿค— TRL, Sentence Transformers, or ๐Ÿงจ Diffusers. For inference, we have a general-purpose PyTorch inference DLC, for serving models trained with any of those frameworks mentioned before on both CPU and GPU. There is also the Text Generation Inference (TGI) DLC for high-performance text generation of LLMs on both GPU and TPU. Finally, there is a Text Embeddings Inference (TEI) DLC for high-performance serving of embedding models on both CPU and GPU. The DLCs are hosted in Google Cloud Artifact Registry and can be used from any Google Cloud service such as Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), Vertex AI, or Cloud Run. Hugging Face DLCs are open source and licensed under Apache 2.0 within the Google-Cloud-Containers repository. For premium support, our Expert Support Program gives you direct dedicated support from our team. You have two options to take advantage of these DLCs as a Google Cloud customer:
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[SOURCE: https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/enterprise-hub-analytics] | [TOKENS: 204]
Hub documentation Analytics Hub and get access to the augmented documentation experience to get started Analytics This feature is part of the Team & Enterprise plans. Publisher Analytics Dashboard Track all your repository activity with a detailed downloads overview that shows total downloads for all the Models and Datasets published by your organization. Toggle between โ€œAll Timeโ€ and โ€œLast Monthโ€ views to gain insights across your repositories over different periods. Explore the metrics of individual repositories with the per-repository drill-down table. Utilize the built-in search feature to quickly locate specific repositories. Each row also features a time-series graph that illustrates the trend of downloads over time. Export Publisher Analytics as CSV Download a comprehensive CSV file containing analytics for all your repositories, including model and dataset download activity. You can also access this data programmatically via the following API endpoint: The CSV file is made of daily download records for each of your models and datasets. Each record in the CSV contains: Records are ordered chronologically and provide a daily granular view of download activity for each repository.
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[SOURCE: https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื”_ืกื™ื˜ื™] | [TOKENS: 6955]
ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Oklahoma City) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื”. ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉ "ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ": ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื”, ืงื ื–ืก, ื ื‘ืจืกืงื”, ื“ืงื•ื˜ื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื“ืงื•ื˜ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”-20 ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2022, ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื›-655,057 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืจื‘ืชื™ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘-22 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1889 ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื“ ืื– ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœืงื” ืœืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ืกื“ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื›-10,000 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื›ืคืœื” ืชื•ืš ืขืฉื•ืจ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1907 ื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื’ื•ืช'ืจื™. ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70 ื•ื”-80 ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ืจื“ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื•ืจ. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1995 ืคื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ื˜ื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืื™ืช ืชื•ืคืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื“ืจืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื•ื’ืจื ืœ-168 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื - ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื ื—ื ื›ื” ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ 1,608.8 ืงืž"ืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื 1,572.1 ืงืž"ืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•-36.7 ืงืž"ืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžื™ื (2.28%). ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื”. ื‘ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ืจืจ ืืงืœื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ืœื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื™ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื—ื•ืจืคื™ื ืงืจื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื’ืฉื ื•ืฉืœื’ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื. ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ื—ืžื•ืจื” (ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”), ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืฆืคื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช. ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื“ืจื•ื ืื• ืžื“ืจื•ื-ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ. ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื ืžืžื™ืœื. ืกื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ ื•ืฉืœื’ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ. ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื• โˆ’27 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ื‘ึพ12 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1899 ื•ืขื“ 47 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ื‘ึพ11 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1936 ื•ื‘-3 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2012. ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœ -38 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ื‘ -10.4 ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื ื”, ืœึพ32 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ื›ืžืขื˜ 70 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืคืก ื‘ื›ึพ8.3 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืžืžืจืฅ ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืคืจื™ืœ ื•ืžืื™. ืžื™ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืกืžื˜ืช ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื•", ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื™ืจ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื•, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืกื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื ื›ื™ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื•. ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขื ื›-150 ืกื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืื– 1890. ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืคืงื“ื• ืืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ 13 ืกื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื” ืžื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื’ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ- F/EF4 ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ F/EF5. ื‘-3 ื‘ืžืื™ 1999 ืคืงื“ื” ืกื•ืคืช ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ F5 ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืคื•ื’'ื™ื˜ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื•ืœื ืคื•ื’'ื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' ืงืจื™ืง ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘, ืขื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื›-510 ืงืž"ืฉ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ืื™ ืคืขื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ึพ20 ื‘ืžืื™ 2013 ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™. ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื“ื• ื”ื™ื” 0.5 ืขื“ 1.3 ืžื™ื™ืœ (0.80 ืขื“ 2.09 ืง"ืž) ื•ื”ืจื’ 23 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื‘-31 ื‘ืžืื™, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื”ื›ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืกื•ืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืžืื™ 2015 ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1890 ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ึพ495 ืž"ืž. ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื”. ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ 655,057 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžืื– ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื. ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2016 ืขืœ ื›-638,367 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื™ ืคืขื. ื–ื• ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืจืฉืžื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-600,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืจืฉืžื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 600,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื˜ืœ ื–'ื•ืืจื– ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื”, ืื•ืœื ื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืงืจื˜ืœ ืกื™ื ืืœื•ืื” ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ื“ืจื™ืกืช ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉื ื” ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ืืœื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื. ืื™ืจื•ืข ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1978, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืขื“ืช ืกื™ื ื˜ื” ืกื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ืจืฆื—ื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžืงืคื™ื ื”ืžืกืขื“ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื•ื”ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ื’ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืคืจืกืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืœื“ ืกื˜ืคื•ืจื“, ืžืช ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ื‘ื˜ืœืกื” ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจืฆื— ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื”. ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื•ืจื ื” ืกื˜ืคื•ืจื“ (ืื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืœื“) ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื” ืœื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืช, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื” ืœืžืืกืจ ืขื•ืœื ืœืœื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื ื”. ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืจื•ื’'ืจ ื“ื™ื™ืœ ืกื˜ืืคื•ืจื“ (ื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื•ืจื ื”), ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžื•ื— ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืจืฆื—, ื”ื•ืฆื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ื”ื–ืจืงืช ืจืขืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995. ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1995 ืคื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ื˜ื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืื™ืช ืชื•ืคืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื“ืจืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื•ื’ืจื ืœ-168 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื - ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื ื—ื ื›ื” ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ, ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ -33% ื‘ื™ืŸ 2001 ืœ -2005 ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื” (GMP) ื”ื™ื” 43.1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ื•ืฆืžื— ืœ 61.1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2009. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ื”-GMP ืฆืžื— ืœ 73.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008, ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจื‘ืก ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ "ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”". ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ืจืฉืžื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืคืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1982 ื•ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืชืจืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘-1985. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื“ื™ืจื’ ืคื•ืจื‘ืก ืืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-8 ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช "ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”". ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2017 ื•-2018, WalletHub ื“ื™ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช "ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืกืง". ืžืžืฉืœ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคืขืœื” ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 1927. ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื•ืœื˜ ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™, ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘-10 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2018 ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ื’ ืคืจื™ืžืŸ ื‘-20 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018. ืคืจื™ืžืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘-2 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2018, ืคืจื™ืžืŸ ื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื“. ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง, ืฉื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 2000. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืคืจื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื. ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื ืžืœื™ ืชืขื•ืคื”: ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื™ืœ ืจื•ื’'ืจืก ื•ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื™ืœื™ ืคื•ืกื˜. ืืชืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื™ื (ืจืื”: ื’ื ื™ ืžื™ืจื™ืื“) ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ ืื ืคื™ื™ ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื ื™ ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ. ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— ื”ื•ื ื—ืžืžื” ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื•ื‘ื” ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก. ืืชืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ Oklahoma City Zoo: Find the Explorer in You, www.okczoo.org - ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืงื™ืœืคื˜ืจื™ืง, ื”ืื•ืžื ื™ืคืœืงืก phpinfo(), web.archive.org, โ€2018-12-15 ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืžื•ื–ืื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืงื™ืœืคื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ื•ืงืจื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืื ื“ื˜ืจืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืœื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”-19 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1995, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ Las Vegas Media, Las Vegas Media (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช). ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื•. ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœื“ืก ื ืžืฆื ื”ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ Home, Oklahoma City Museum of Art | OKCMOA, โ€2020-03-14 (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช), ื•ื‘ื• ืื•ืกืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืœ ืฆ'ื™ื”ื•ืœื™. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ื•ืœ Historic State Capitol Dome, FSB | DefineDesignDeliver (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช). ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ื™ืคื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืคืœื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื”ื›ื™ืคื”. ื”ื›ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2001. ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื”. ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ื ืžืฆืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžืจื›ื– ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ื•ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื”. ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ: ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื”, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืคื ื™ืงืก ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื ืื–ืืจื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืขืจื™ื ืชืื•ืžื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื
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