question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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The risk of carbamazepine induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome is increased in the presence of which of the following genes? | [
"HLA-B* 5801",
"HLA-B* 1502",
"HLA-B* 5701",
"HLA-B 27"
] | B | HLA DRUG DISEASE B1502 CARBAMAZEPINE STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME B5801 ALLOPURINOL SKIN REACTION B5701 ABACAVIR MI B53 MALARIA PROTECTION B27 ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Recurrent Anterior dislocation of shoulder, the movements that causes dislocation is | [
"Flexion and internal rotation",
"Abduction and external rotation",
"Abduction and internal rotation",
"Extension"
] | B | B i.e. Abduction & external rotation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bacterial vegetations in heart valves are seen in: | [
"Rheumatic heart disease",
"Infective endocarditis",
"A-V shunt",
"Corpulmonale"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cell junction in smooth muscle is | [
"Zonula adherens",
"Macula adherens",
"Tight junction",
"Gap junction"
] | D | Adjacent muscles fiber of smooth muscle is connected by gap junctions so that action potential from one cell can quickly pass into the neighbouring cells. (Ref: Textbook of medical physiology-Geetha) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enantiomers are isomers that differ in structure at which carbon : | [
"Last Carbon",
"First Carbon",
"Penultimate Carbon",
"Carbonyl Carbon"
] | C | Enantiomers have different -H and -OH orientation around the penultimate carbon /2nd last carbon/Reference carbon. E.g-. D-and L-Glyceraldehyde. Also known as Mirror images of each other. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 26 year old man was observed to be positive for HBs Ag but negative for HBe Ag. The AST / ALT levls were observed to be within normal limits. The next step in management of this patient should be | [
"Serial monitoring",
"Antiviral treatment with Lamivudine monotherapy",
"Antiviral treatment with Lamivudine and pulsed IFN",
"Antiviral treatment with IFN Alfa alone"
] | A | Answer is A (Serial monitoring) HBe Ag Negative individuals with ALT Supper limit of normal do not require anti-viral treatment. Such individuals may be monitored sequentially with biochemical or virological markers. The patient in question is negative for HbeAg and has normal ALT levels. He is thus not a candidate for... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Haemobilia is charactericed by all except | [
"Jaundice",
"Biliary colic",
"Melaena",
"Fever"
] | D | Hemobilia,i,.e.,bleeding from the liver or occasionally from the gallbladder into the biliary tract. Hemobilia is characterised by Triad of Sandloom/Quincke's which includes Jaundice(60%);Colicky pain (70%) and Upper GI bleed with melaena(90%),haematemesis(60%).All three features of triad are seen only in 20% cases. Re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The number of ATPs generated in one turn of Krebs cycle are - | [
"12",
"24",
"15",
"30"
] | A | Ans. is A. o One turn of the TCA cycle, starting with acetyl CoA produces 10 ATPs. When the starting molecule is pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate yields 2.5 ATPs and therefore, 12.5 ATPs are produced when starting compound is pyruvate. Since, two molecules o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Peutz Jeghers polyps present most commonly in | [
"Rectum",
"Colon",
"Esophagus",
"Jejunum"
] | D | .PEUTZ-JEGHER'S POLYP is common in small intestine (jejunum) but can also occur in large intestine. * Features are multiple, familial, hamaomatous intestinal polyps. * Asssociated with melaenosis of the oral mucosa, lips (lower lip) and occasionally digits (not in tongue). * Microscopically it contains tree like branch... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Latent squint is also known as - | [
"Hyperphoria",
"Exophoria",
"Heterophoria",
"Esopheria"
] | C | Lateral squint is also known as "Heterophoria" It is a condition in which tendency of the eyes to dete is kept latent by fusion. Therefore, when the influence of fusion is removed the visual axis of one eye detes away. Ref : A.K.Khurana; 6th edition;Page no: 344 | train | med_mcqa | null |
An alcoholic patient with chronic thiamine deficiency shows CNS manifestations, and also show memory loss and confabulatory psychosis, is suffering from: | [
"Wernicke's encephalopathy.",
"Wernicke- korsa koff syndrome.",
"Menke's syndrome.",
"Wilson's disease."
] | B | Alcoholic patients with chronic thiamin deficiency shows CNS manifestations known as Wernicke’s encephalopathy, which consists of horizontal nystgmus, opthalmoplegia, cerebral ataxia and mental impairment.
Along with the above-mentioned symptoms, if there is loss of memory and confabulatory psychosis, it is known as We... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is used to study current flow across a single channel: | [
"Patch clamp",
"Voltage Clamp",
"Iontophoresis",
"Galvanometry"
] | A | Patch clamp: measures ionic currents through a single ion channel. It has four configurations: Voltage clamp: whole cell voltage clamp measures currents across cell membranes. In using this apparatus, two electrodes are inseed into the nerve fiber. One of these electrodes is used to measure the voltage of the membrane ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug inhibiting the enzyme folate synthatase is - | [
"Sulfonamide",
"Clindamycin",
"Rifampicin",
"Norfloxacin"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sulfonamide SULFONAMIDESo Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and act by inhibiting folic acid synthesis by inhibiting enzyme folate synthatase.o Bacteria synthesize their own folic acid of which para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a constituent -Sulfonamides, being structural analogues of PABA, inhibit bact... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Listing conditions in some order of severity without attempting to define any mathematical relation between categories is | [
"Nominal scale",
"Ordinal scale",
"Interval scale",
"Ratio scale"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ovate pontic are used in: | [
"Well rounded ridges",
"Knife edged ridges",
"Recently extracted tooth sockets",
"Flat ridges"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Purpose of Gene therapy - | [
"Replacement of abnormal gene by normal gene",
"Replacement of normal gene by abnormal gene",
"Knock out of abnormal gene",
"Introduction of viral gene"
] | A | The most common approach is to insert a normal gene into non-specific location within the genome to replace a nonfunctional gene (abnormal gene). | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 year old male patient is suffering from type II diabetes mellitus and hypeension. Which of the following antihypeensive drugs should not be used in such patients : | [
"Lisinopril",
"Hydrochlohiazide",
"Losaan",
"Trandolopril"
] | B | Answer is B (Hydrochlohiazide) Hydrochlohiazide is not a preferred agent for the treatment of hypeension in diabetics as it causes unorable alteration in glucose and lipid profile of the patient. `Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia have been repoed with the use of diuretics as antihypeensives' -- KDT Antihypeensive drugs... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Selective beta 2 blocker is - | [
"Butoxamine",
"Betoxolol",
"Esmolol",
"Bisoprolol"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Butoxamine Selective b1 blockers are (cardioselective)1. Atenolol3. Bisoprolol5. Celiprolol7. Metoprolol2. Acebutalol4. Betoxolol6. Esmolol8. Nebivololo These agents are preferred in DM, hyperlipidemia, PVD, asthma.Selective (b2Butoxamine | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with salicylic acid poisoning has the following aerial blood gas analysis repo : pH = 7.12 : pCO2 18mmHg; HCO3= 12mmol/L. The resulting acid base abnormality can be best labeled as : | [
"Metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis",
"Metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis",
"Respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis",
"Metabolic acidosis"
] | A | Answer is A (Metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis): With pH < 7.35 (7.12) acidosis is confirmed. Abbnormal CO2 with change in opposite to expected. (acidosis should have increased CO2) indicates that the change in compensatory (compensatory respiratory alkalosis), Decreased bicarbonates with chang... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is premalignant to cholangiocarcinoma - | [
"Biliary' intraepithelial neoplasia",
"Mucinous cystic neoplasms",
"Intraductal pappilary biliary' neoplasia",
"All the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above o Premalignant lesions for cholangiocarcinoma are also known, the most important of which are bibary intraepithelial neoplasias (low to high grade, BilIN-1, -2, or -3).o BilIN-3, the highest grade lesion, incurs the highest risk of malignant transformation.o More rare are mucinous cystic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An open wound is a - | [
"Contussion",
"Abrasion",
"Laceretion",
"Concussion"
] | C | Open wound refers to injuries where overlying skin is torn, e.g. in lacerations, incised wound and stab or puncture wound.
In contusion and abrasions, overlying skin is intact.
Concussion is not a wound. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the earliest indicator of pathological gastroesophageal reflux in infants (GERD)? | [
"Respiratory symptoms",
"Postprandial regurgitation",
"Upper GI bleed",
"Stricture esophagus"
] | A | * Presence of respiratory symptoms point towards pathological GERD * Stricture esophagus and upper GI bleeding are complications due to severe GERD. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In eleventh five year plan, target of raising sex ratio of age group 0-6 years by 2016-2017 is: | [
"950",
"955",
"960",
"965"
] | A | In eleventh five year plan, time bound goal are MMR to 1 per 1000 live bih IMR to 28 per 1000 live bih. TFR to 2.1 Sex ratio of 0-6 age group by 935 by 2012 and 950 by 2017 Ref: Park 21st edition, page 815. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phagocytosis enhanced by coating the surface of antigen is called:(1996) | [
"Opsonisation",
"Chemotaxis",
"Decoding",
"CFT"
] | A | Ans: a (Opsonisation)Ref: Ananthanarayan Micro, 7th ed, p. 104 & 6th ed, p. 98 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient of head injury has no relatives & requires urgent cranial decompression; Doctor should - | [
"Operate without formal consent",
"Take police consent",
"Wait for relatives to take consent",
"Take magistrate consent"
] | A | For emergency life surgery, when relatives are not there, no consent is required. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kuppuswamis's classification is based on all except - | [
"Income",
"Occupation",
"Education",
"Type of house"
] | D | Kuppuswamis's classification is based on 1.education 2.occupation 3.income which is not based on type of house ref ;(page no;746)25td edition of PARK's textbook of Preventive and Social medicine | train | med_mcqa | null |
The pH of amniotic fluid is: | [
"6.8 to 6.9",
"8.1 to 8.3",
"7.4 to 7.6",
"6.7 to 6.8"
] | C | Amniotic Fluid: pH - Alkaline (7.4-7.6) Specific gravity- 1.008-1.010 Colour- Straw colour | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is involved in formation of d-TMP from d-UMP: (PGI June 2007) | [
"N5, N10- methylene tetra hydrofolate",
"Form imino folate",
"N5 formyl folate",
"Dihydro folate"
] | A | Ans: A (N5, N10, Methylene tetrahydrofolate) Lippincott 4th/303-04: SaysdUMP is converted to dTMP by thymidylate synthase, which uses N5;N10'-methylene tetrahydrofoiate Q as the source of the methyl group. This is u nasal reaction in that tetrahydrofoiate {THF) contributes not only a one carbon unit but also fwo hydrog... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The histology of pterygium includes – | [
"Elastotic degeneration",
"Epithelial inclusion bodies",
"Precancerous changes",
"Squamous metaplasia of the epithelium"
] | A | The two degenerative conditions of eye cause elastotic degeneration.
-Pinguecula & Pterygium | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pseudohyponatremia can be seen in - | [
"Multiple myeloma",
"Diarrhea",
"Vomiting",
"CHF"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Multipe myeloma Causes of Hyponatremia* Pseudohyponatremia# Hyperlipidemia# Hyperproteinemia (multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia)* Dilutional# Hyperglycemia* Hypovolemic hyponatremia : decreased total body sodium with a relatively greater increase in total body water# Heart failure# Chronic renal fai... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dysphagia is caused by all except- | [
"Esophageal varices",
"Achalasia cardia",
"Stricture",
"Gastroesophageal reflux of long standing duration"
] | A | Esophageal causes of dysphagia
The lesions may lie in the lumen, in the wall or outside the wall of esophagus.
a) Lumen : Obstruction to lumen can occur in atresia, foreign body, strictures, benign or malignant tumors.
b) Wall : It can be acute or chronic esophagitis, or motility disorders. The latter are : -
i) Hyp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most commonly submerged tooth is | [
"Mand. primary 1st molar",
"Mand. primary 2nd molar",
"Maxi. primary 1st molar",
"Maxi. primary 2nd molar"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
DOC in P. jeroveci | [
"Clotrimazole",
"Cotrimoxazole",
"Penicillin",
"none"
] | B | Drug of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is co-trimoxazole,with adjunctive doses of steroid if the patient has hypoxia.Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is common in immunocompromised individuals,like HIV positive patients.In P.jirovecii pneumonia,symptoms of cough and breathlessness can be present for severa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Initial rapid repolarization in cardiac muscle is mediated through | [
"Opening of Na channel",
"Opening of Ca channel",
"Opening of K+ channel",
"Closing of Na channel"
] | C | The main factor is opening of K+ channel. Although Ganong has maintained both closure of Na+ channels and opening of one type of K+ channel and closure of Na channel only the recent concept is K+ channel opening is the main reason of phase 1. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following class specific antigenic determinants of an immunoglobulin is associated with ? | [
"L-chain",
"H-chain",
"J-chain",
"Variable region"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A female multipurpose worker does not do - | [
"Distribute condoms",
"Malaria suruveillance",
"Bih death statistics",
"Immunisation of mothers"
] | B | Malaria surveillance is done by health worker male From each village he shall enquire about Presence of any fever cases Whether there was an fever cases in the family in between his fonightly visit Whether any guest had come to the family and has fever Whether any member of the family who had fever in between his fonig... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following statement about Keloid is true | [
"It contain growth factor",
"Extended excision is the treatment of choice",
"It do not extend beyond the wound",
"None of the above"
] | A | Vaccinations, injections, insect bites, ear piercing, or may arise spontaneously. Keloids tend to occur 3 months to years after the initial insult, and even minor injuries can result in large lesions. They vary in size from a few millimeters to large, pedunculated lesions with a soft to rubbery or hard consistency. Alt... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Extrinsic system (blood coagulation) is triggered by the release of: September 2008 | [
"Prothrombin",
"Thromboplastin",
"Fibrinogen",
"Thrombin"
] | B | Ans. B: Thromboplastin Factor X can be activated by reactions in either of two systems, an intrinsic and an extrinsic system. The extrinsic system is triggered by the release of tissue thromboplastin, a protein-phospholipid mixture that activates factor VII. The tissue thromboplastin and factor VII activate factors IX ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
CD-15 helps in assessment of which of the following: March 2010 | [
"Adult T-cell leukemia",
"Hodgkin's disease",
"Mycosis fungoides",
"Larger granular lymphocytic leukemia"
] | B | Ans. B: Hodgkin's disease CD15 (3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine) is a cluster of differentiation antigen - an immunologically significant molecule. CD15 is a carbohydrate adhesion molecule (not a protein) that can be expressed on glycoproteins, glycolipids and pro teoglycans CD15 mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis, fo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bezold-Jarisch reflexis apnea followed by rapid breathing, hypotension, and bradycardia and is produced by the receptors located in the | [
"Lungs",
"Heart",
"Pluera",
"Brain"
] | B | Bezold-Jarisch reflex
Apnea followed by rapid breathing, hypotension, and bradycardia (the coronary chemoreflex or Bezold-Jarisch reflex).
Response is produced by receptors in the heart
The receptors are probably C fiber endings, and the afferents are vagal.
Its physiologic role is uncertain, but in patients with myoca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Baby friendly Hospital initiative (BFHI) recommends: | [
"An oral breastfeeding policy among the staff",
"Rooming-in",
"4 hourly breast feeding",
"Breastfeeding within one hour of bih"
] | B | The Baby-friendly Hospital initiative recommends rooming-in (allow mothers and infants to remain together 24 hours/day) Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (revised 2018) Ten Steps to Successful breastfeeding (revised 2018) a) Comply fully with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk substitutes and relevant W... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acetyl CoA is necessary for | [
"Aminoacid",
"Fatty acid synthesis",
"Glucose storage",
"All"
] | B | Transpo of Acetyl CoA to Cytoplasm The staing material for de novo synthesis is acetyl CoA. It is formed inside the mitochondria from pyruvate. The inner membrane is not freely permeable to acetyl CoA. Hence the acetyl CoA units are delivered to the cytoplasm as citrate (Fig. 11.13). Citrate is transpoed from mitochond... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enteric fever is caused by ? | [
"S typhi",
"S paratyphi A",
"S paratyphi C",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Enteric fever The term enteric fever includes typhoid fever caused by S.typhi and paratyphoid fever caused by S. paratyphi A, B and C. The ability to resist intracellular killing and to multiply with in these cells is a measure of virulence of salmonella. The incubation period for S. ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 42-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department after a fall from the balcony of her apartment. During physical examination there is an absence of heart sounds, reduced systolic pressure, reduced cardiac output, and engorged jugular veins. Which condition is most likely characterized by these signs? | [
"Hemothorax",
"Cardiac tamponade",
"Hemopneumothorax",
"Pneumothorax"
] | B | Cardiac tamponade is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity. It can result from pericardial effusion or from leakage of blood from the heart or proximal portions of the great vessels. The increased pressure within the pericardial sac leads to decreased cardiac filling during diastole and there... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Egg is deficient in- | [
"Vitamin B",
"Vitamin C",
"Fat",
"Proteins"
] | B | Egg contains all nutrients except carbohydrate and Vitamin ‘C'
Food items as Poor Sources of nutrients :
Milk is a poor source of Vitamin C and Iron.
Milk is a poor source of Calcium.
Milk is a poor source of Carbohydrates.
Food items as Rich Sources of nutrients :
Halibut Liver Oil is richest source of Vitamin A... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The clinical use of leuprolide include all the following EXCEPT: | [
"Endometriosis",
"Osteoporosis",
"Prostate cancer",
"Precocious pubey"
] | B | Leuprolide is a long acting GnRH agonist. GNRH agonists are used in precocious pubey, prostate cancer, endometriosis, premenopausal breast cancer, uterine leiomyoma, polycystic ovarian disease. THEY Will decrease excess hormones like estrogen , androgen (REF.Essential of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 6 Edition, Pag... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A man taking 20 cigarettes per day, staed coughing, his family suggested quitting cigarettes. He is ready to quit but think that quitting will make him irritable, the best health planning model followed is: | [
"Cost and survival",
"Persuation",
"Precontemplation and preparation",
"Belief"
] | C | C. i..e Precontemplation and preparation- A chronic smoker is aware that a problem (of smoking) exists and he is seriously thinking (contemplating) about overcoming it but has not yet made a commitment to take an action (as he is reluctant). So the patient is in the contemplation stage of behavior change. He reached th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which transfusion will result in a transfusion reaction? Assume that the patient has never had a transfusion | [
"Type O Rh-negative packed cells to an AB Rh-positive patient",
"Type A Rh-positive packed cells to an A Rh-negative patient",
"Type AB Rh-positive packed cells to an AB Rh-positive patient",
"Type A Rh-positive packed cells to an O Rh-positive Patient"
] | D | Type O RBCs are considered to be universal donor blood. Reactions occur between the recipient's antibody and donor antigen as shown in the following table. Donor Donor antigen Recipient Recipient Antibody Reaction O - negative None AB - positive None None A - positive A, Rh A - negative B None AB-positive A,B, Rh AB-po... | train | med_mcqa | null |
During which phase of the cell cycle, the cellular content of DNA is doubled? | [
"Mitotic phase",
"G1 phase",
"G2 phase",
"S phase"
] | D | The cellular content of DNA is doubled during the S phase. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Each layer of lens has a role in the refractive index of the entire lens. Which component has maximum refractive index? | [
"Anterior surface of the lens",
"Posterior surface of the lens",
"Centre of the lens",
"Cornea"
] | C | Refractive index increases from 1.386 in the peripheral coex to 1.41 in the central nucleus of the lens. The anterior capsule surface of the lens has a greater refractive index than the posterior capsular surface (1.364-1.381 compared with 1.338-1.357). The change in refractive index from the surface of the lens to the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thymic hypoplasia is: | [
"Wiskott Aldrich syndrome",
"Henoch Schonlein disease",
"Digeorge syndrome",
"Bloom syndrome"
] | C | DiGeorge Syndrome (Thymic Hypoplasia) DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a congenital defect in thymic development resulting in deficient T-cell maturation. The disorder is a consequence of a developmental malformation affecting the third and fouh pharyngeal pouches, structures that give rise to the thymus, parathyroid gla... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25 year old female presents with pain and tenosynovitis of the wrists and ankles, and ahralgias of other joints. She notes two prior episodes similar to the present one. She just had her menstrual period during the previous week. Physical examination reveals ulcerated lesions overlying the wrists and ankles. These sy... | [
"C1 esterase inhibitor",
"ciliary function",
"Complement (C6-C8) components",
"Endothelial adhesion molecules"
] | C | Complement (C6-C8) components. This patient has disseminated gonococcemia. Gonococcal ahritis and tenosynovitis typically involve both the upper and lower extremities equally.Vesicular skin lesions are characteristic of disseminated gonococcal disease. Females are at paicular risk of gonococcemia during menstruation, s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements about 'Sham Range' is Not true: | [
"Caused by Hypothalamic stimulation",
"Abolished by Decoication",
"Pathological Rage Reaction",
"Association with sympathetic stimulation"
] | B | B i.e. Abolished by DecoicationSham (false) rage is an outburst of pathological (inappropriate, uncontrolled & violent) anger & fear in decoicate animals on mild peripheral stimulation. It can be caused by stimulation of punishment center of hypothalamus and presents with features of sympathetic stimulationQ.Reward cen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
milk teeth - Total no. in a human being- | [
"20",
"32",
"28",
"24"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child is brought to the paediatric OPD with fever of 24 hours furation. History reveals 3 episodes of chest infection and passage of foul smelling stools. The most probable diagnosis is | [
"Cystic Fibrosis",
"Maple syrup urine Disease",
"Bilirubin Congugation Defect",
"Criggler Najar Syndrome"
] | A | The symptoms are suggestive of cystic fibrosis. Ref : Essential paediatrics,O.P.Ghai,7 th edition,pg no:369 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All except one are features of Thromboangitis obliterans | [
"Initimal hyperplasia",
"Panarteritis",
"Vasospasmitis",
"Arterial thickening"
] | D | Arterial Lumen is blocked but not thickened in TAO. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best sustaining topical effect of fluoride is obtained by: | [
"NaF",
"APF gel",
"Duraphat",
"SnF"
] | C | Duraphat, the first fluoride varnish developed in Germany, is a viscous yellowish material, containing 22,600 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride in a neutral colophonium base (NaF varnish containing 2.26% fluoride in organic lacquer)
NaF- 9200 ppm
SnF2 - 9500 ppm
APF- 12300 ppm
Essentials of preventive and community den... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which nerve is preserved in dissecting the superficial and deep lobes of parotid gland - | [
"Glossopharyngeal",
"Hypoglossal",
"Lingual",
"Facial"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Facial o The facial nerve separates parotid gland into superficial and deep lobes.o Mandibular branch of facial nerve is most vulnerable to injury during parotid surgery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common malignant tumour in childhood | [
"Rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Leukemia",
"Lymphangioma",
"Neuroblastoma"
] | B | Leukemia is the most common malignancy of childhood.There are two main subtypes,the commoner acute lymohoblastic leukemia(ALL) & acute myeloid leukemia(AML).A small propoion may have chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia(JMML).ALL is the most common childhood malignancy accounting for one-f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ss -lactamase resistance of staphylococcus aureus is due to: | [
"Transduction",
"Conjugation",
"Mutation",
"Transformation"
] | A | Ans: a (Transduction) Ref:Ananthanarayan,7th ed, p. 194"One of the causes for penicillin resistance in staphylococcus is ss lactamase production which is plasmid mediated.Plasmid mediated inducible enzyme is transmitted by transduction (more commonly) or conjugation"Penicillin resistance in staphylococcus is by followi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dohle bodies are? | [
"Lysosomes",
"Endoplasmic reticulum",
"Mitochondria",
"Toxis neutrophilic granules"
] | B | Dohle bodies are light blue-gray, oval, basophilic, leukocyte inclusions located in the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils. They measure 1-3 um in diameter These represent rough ER and glycogen granules and are found in neutrophils. These may be seen in patients with infections, burns, trauma, pregnancy or cancer ref ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child presents with sepsis. Bacteria isolated showed beta hemolysis on blood agar, resistance to bacitracin, and a positive CAMP test. The most probable organism causing infection is: | [
"S. Pyogenes",
"S. Agalacitae",
"Enterococcus",
"S. Pneumoniae"
] | B | Streptococcus agalactiae is a group B hemolytic streptococci. They are normal flora of the female genital tract and an impoant cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. They hydolyze sodium hippucrate, typically beta hemolytic, gives a positive response to cAMP (Christie, Atkins and Munch-Peterson) and resistant to baci... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient is on mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care unit (ICU), ventilator show alarms for increase in both peak and plateau pressure during inspiration. This indicates: | [
"Obstruction of tracheal tube",
"Decrease in distensibility of lungs and chest wall",
"Acute bronchospasm",
"Increase compliance of lungs"
] | A | Ans. (a) Obstruction of Tracheal tubeRef : Handbook of Mechnical ventilation 2nd ed.Complications of IntubationPerioperative* Esophageal intubation: This is a hazardous complication. If not detected in time, can cause severe hypoxia and even death.* Ischemia, edema and necrosis at local site (especially with red rubber... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about aneurysmal bone cyst | [
"Expansile, Blood filled cyst",
"Most common in upper end of Tibia",
"Diagnosis is by FNAC",
"Is a pseudocyst"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
X-ray features of Hypoparathyroidism are the following except | [
"Osteosclerosis",
"Calvarial thickening",
"Subperiosteal resorption",
"Subcutaneous calcification"
] | C | Ans. c (Subperiosteal resorption) (Ref RRM 6th/107)HYPOPARATHYROIDISM# Tetany = hypocalcemic neuromuscular excitability (numbness, cramps, carpopedal spasm, laryngeal stridor, general-ized convulsions)# Hypocalcemia + hyperphosphatemia# Normal/low serum alkaline phosphatase# Hypoplasia of tooth enamel + dentine; blunti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hydrostatic Pulmonary edema with fluid in alveoli is usually seen when PCWP is - | [
">6mmHg",
"0mmHg",
"15mmHg",
"25mmHg"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., >25 mm Hg o Normally a constant fluid exchange takes place between the pulmonary! vascular bed and the interstitium of the lung.o Fluid that extravasates at the start of the capillary bed (transudate) is reabsorbed due to the intravascular colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure or is drained off by lympha... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Surgery for periductal mastitis | [
"Hadfield's operation",
"Patey's mastectomy",
"Modified radical mastectomy",
"None of the above"
] | A | Periductal mastitis/duct ectasia is adilatation of breast ducts associated with ductal inflammation.there is dilatation in one or more ducts with collection of brown or green secretion which may discharge.Fibrosis may devolop eventually leading to retraction of nipple. Treatment: - cessation of smoking - antibiotics -S... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dermis involved in the | [
"First degree burns",
"Second degree burns",
"Third degree burns",
"Fouh degree burns"
] | C | Third degree Full thickness burn Involve all layers of dermis Characterized by hard leathery eschar, that is painless and black, white or cherry red No capillary refilling or pin-prick sensation All dermal and epidermal components are lost Heals only by wound contractures Require excision with skin grafting to heal Ref... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following are related to granulosa cells except: | [
"It has got no blood supply",
"In the first half of the cycle, it has no steroidogenic function",
"Granulosa cells produce activin and inhibin",
"Estrogen stimulates the proliferation of granulosa cells"
] | B | As discussed in the text; primordial follicle has granulosa cells and theca cells.
In the Dominant follicle, there is marked enlargement of granulosa cells with lipid inclusion under the influence of FSH and estrogen. (i.e. option d is correct)
Granulosa cells produce estrogen and inhibin B in the first half of the men... | train | med_mcqa | null |
One of the following rules explains about the grinding of certain cusps to produce balance in lateral movements: | [
"Ante's rule",
"Bull rule",
"Wolfs rule",
"Cieszynski's rule"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Linear deposition of IgG on glomerular basement membrane is seen in - | [
"CRF",
"Good pasteur's syndrome",
"Nephrotic syndrome",
"Shunt nephritis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Good pasture's syndrome | train | med_mcqa | null |
Selective inhibition of synthesis of dipicolinic acid (structure shown below) would most likely inhibit the formation of | [
"Bacterial flagella",
"Bacterial spores",
"Eukaryotic cilia",
"Eukaryotic flagella"
] | B | Dipicolinic acid, formed in the synthesis of diaminopimelate (DAP), is a prominent component of bacterial spores but is not found in vegetative cells or eukaryotic appendages or fimbrial structures. The calcium salt of dipicolinic acid apparently plays an important role in stabilizing spore proteins, but its mechanism ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are features of Gummatous ulcer except - | [
"Punched out edges",
"Syphylitic in nature",
"Wash leather slough",
"Erythematous base"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
IUCD with maximum incidence of ectopic pregnancy : | [
"Progestase",
"Lippes loop",
"Copper - T",
"Multiload device"
] | A | Progestase | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50 years old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus is found to have 24-hour urinary albumin of 250 mg. Which of the following drugs may be used to retard the progression of the renal disease? | [
"Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Enalapril",
"Amiloride",
"Aspirin"
] | B | Antihypeensive drugs in Diabetes MellitusACE inhibitors (enalapril)or angiotensin receptor blockers are the first line of therapy in hypeensive individuals with type 2 DM.They have no known adverse action on glucose or lipid metabolism.Minimize the development of diabetic nephropathy (by reducing renal vascular resista... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Injury to superior laryngeal nerve causes | [
"Hoarseness",
"Paralysis of vocal cords",
"No effect",
"Loss of timbre of voice"
] | D | Paralysis of the superior laryngeal nerve causes paralysis of cricothyroid muscle and ipsilateral anaesthesia of the larynx above the vocal cord. Paralysis of cricothyroid can also occur when the external laryngeal nerve is involved in thyroid surgery, tumours, neuritis or diphtheria. Voice is weak and pitch cannot be ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is common in both acute and chronic pancreatitis? | [
"Pseudocyst",
"Abscess formation",
"DIC",
"Pancreatic head mass"
] | A | Pseudo cyst typically arise following an attack of acute pancreatitis ,but can develop in chronic pancreatitis or after pancreatic trauma Bailey & Love ,26th,1133. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a well fed state what is the fate of a major poion of glucose-6-phosphate in the tissue? | [
"Hydrolysis to glucose",
"Conversion to glycogen",
"Conversion to ribulose 5 phosphate",
"Conversion to ribulose 6 phosphate"
] | B | In well fed state insulin stimulates synthesis of fats, proteins and glycogen. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following cell types contain the enzyme telomerase which protects the length of telomeres at the end of chromosomes, except | [
"Germinal",
"Somatic",
"Hemopoietic",
"Tumor"
] | B | Telomerase is absent from most somatic cells. It is present in germ (germinal) cells, cancer cells and stem cells (including hematopoietic stein cells). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Measles vaccination is given at - | [
"9 months",
"At birth",
"4 weeks",
"8 weeks"
] | A | The WHO expanded programme on immunization recommends immunization at 9 months of age.
Now, second dose of measles is also given at 16-24 months in National Immunization Schedule. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following has a nonfunctional cusp? | [
"Mandibular canine",
"Maxillary second premolar",
"Mandibular first premolar",
"None of the above"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Features like hypogonadism, dwarfism, loss of hair, pigmentation and ulcers of skin and decreased immunity are associated with deficiency of:September 2008 | [
"Iron",
"Zinc",
"Iodine",
"Copper"
] | B | Ans. B: ZincTrace elements are defined as elements found in tissues in minute amounts. These are believed to be essential for life. In humans:Iron deficiency causes anemiaCobalt is pa of the vitamin B12 molecule, and vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemiaIodine deficiency causes thyroid disordersZinc defi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best guide to adequate tissue perfusion in the fluid management of a patient with burns, is to ensure a minimum hourly urine output of | [
"10 -15 ml",
"15 - 30 ml",
"30 - 50 ml",
"50 - 80 ml"
] | C | 0.5 - 1 ml / kg / hour is the urine output maintained in burns. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which form of alginic acid, which is present in alginate, provides strength to the impression material? | [
"Alpha-d-mannuronic acid",
"Alpha-d-guluronic acid",
"Both of the above",
"None of the above"
] | B | Alpha-d-mannuronic acid provides flexibility, which is extracted from certain brown seaweed, is a linear copolymer of β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid. Mannuronic and guluronic acids are epimers. It is known that the block structure within the alginic acid can vary significantly. Alginates with higher guluron... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Postganglionic sympathetic fibres are | [
"A alpha",
"C",
"B fibres",
"A gamma"
] | B | The axons of postganglionic neurons are mostly unmyelinated C fibres and terminate on visceral effectors. Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:263. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA is near | [
"AUG codon",
"UAA codon",
"UAG codon",
"UGA codon"
] | A | SD sequence is located-6 to -10 bp from initiating AUG codon on m-RNA molecule near its 5' end. It is seen in prokaryotes only.
Kozak consenses sequence is present in eukaryotes. This sequence surrounds AUG & determines the initiating codon of m-RNA. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about primary chancre -a) Multiple ulcersb) Painless solitary ulcerc) Most infective stated) Heals automatically in few months without treatmente) Penicillin is the drug of choice | [
"abc",
"bde",
"ace",
"bce"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amyloidosis mostly affects | [
"Liver",
"Tounge",
"Colon",
"Hea"
] | D | Hea. Amyloidosis of the hea may occur either as iso- lated organ involvement or as pa of a systemic distribution. When accompanied by systemic involvement, it is usually of the AL form. The isolated form (senile amyloidosis) usually is confined to older persons. The deposits may not be evident on gross examination, or ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a free radical, but it is a reactive oxygen species? | [
"Hydroxyradical",
"Hydrogen peroxide",
"Superoxide radical",
"Both 1 & 2"
] | B | Most powerful oxygen free radical is Hydroxyradical.
Least powerful Reactive Oxygen species(ROS) is Hydrogen peroxide.
Precursor of all Reactive Oxygen species is Superoxide radical.
H2O2 is not a free radical, but a ROS.
Reference- Review of biochemistry Pg-411 | train | med_mcqa | null |
How soon after feilization occurs within the uterine tube does the blastocyst begin implantation?, | [
"Within minutes",
"By 12 hours",
"By day 1",
"By day 5"
] | D | The blastocyst begins implantation by day 5 after feilization. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All nerve are involved in superior orbital fissure syndrome except - | [
"1st",
"3rd",
"4th",
"6th"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1stSuperior orbital fissure syndromeo The superior orbital fissure is a cleft between the lesser and greater wing of sphenoid.o The structures passed through superior orbital fissure are 3rd, 4th, 6th nerve, ophthalmic division of 5th nerve, superior & inferior division of ophthalmic vein and sympathe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In acute inflammation endothelial retraction leads to | [
"Delayed transient increase in permeability",
"Immediate transient increase in permeability",
"Delayed prolonged increase in permeability",
"Immediate transient decrease in permeability"
] | C | ref Robbins 8/e p45,9/ep74 Several mechanisms may contribute to increased vascu- lar permeability in acute inflammatory reactions: * Endothelial cell contraction leading to intercellular gaps in postcapillary venules is the most common cause of increased vascular permeability. Endothelial cell con- traction occurs rapi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
RBBB with left Axis Detion Is characteristic of | [
"Ostium Primum ASD",
"Mitral valve prolapse",
"Patent Ductus Aeriosus",
"Ventricular Septal Defect"
] | A | Left axis detion may occur as a normal variant but is more commonly associated with left ventricular hyperophy, a block in the anterior fascicle of the left bundle system (left anterior fascicular block or hemiblock), or inferior myocardial infarction. In ostium primum ASD, the RV conduction defect is accompanied by le... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following extraocular muscles does not arise from annulus: | [
"Inferior rectus",
"Medial rectus",
"Lateral rectus",
"Superior oblique"
] | D | The annulus of Zinn, also known as the annular tendon or common tendinous ring, is a ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the optic nerve at its entrance at the apex of the orbit.It can be used to divide the regions of the superior orbital fissure.The aeries surrounding the optic nerve are sometimes called the "circle of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
. Which of the following Calcium channel blocker would be useful in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia suppressing AV node conduction | [
"Amilodipine",
"Nimodipine",
"Verapamil",
"Nifedipine"
] | C | Refer kDT 7/e 535 Calcium channel blockers are prescription medications that relax blood vessels and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the hea while also reducing the hea's workload. Examples of calcium channel blockers include: Amlodipine (Norvasc) Supraventricular tachycardia, orSVT, is a type of rapid heabe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55 Yr old smoker presents with history of 5 episodes of macroscopic hematuria each lasting for about 4-5 days in the past 5 yrs. Which of the following investigations should be performed to evaluate the suspected cause | [
"Urine microscopy and cytology",
"X-Ray KUB",
"US KUB",
"DTPA scan"
] | A | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Middle Supra renal arthery is a branch of | [
"Abdominal aorta",
"Renal artery",
"Inferior phrenic artery",
"All of the above"
] | A | A. Abdominal aorta (217-snell 7th) (338-BDC-3 6th) SUPRARENAL GLAND 1. Arterial supply- Each gland is supplied by A. Superior suprarenal artery-a. branch of inferior phrenic artery B. Middle suprarenal artery- a branch of the abdominal aorta C. Inferior suprarenal artery- a branch of the renal artery 2. Venous drainage... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Test to diagnose thiamine deficiency ? | [
"RBC transketolase",
"FIGLU excretion",
"Methyl-malunic acid in urine",
"Histidine load test"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., RBC transketolase Thiamine diphosphate is also the coenzume for transketolase, in the pentose phosphate pathway.Therefore, thiamine nutritional status is best assessed by erythrocyte (preferred) or whole blood transketolase activity.. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Flat was is caused by which HP types: | [
"2, 4",
"3,10",
"16,18",
"5, 8"
] | B | Ans. b. 3, 10 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Multiple bilatertal dentigerous cysts are seen in | [
"Down's syndrome",
"Maroteaux Lamy syndrome",
"Treacher Collin syndrome",
"Gorlin Goltz syndrome"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
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