question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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The investigation of choice for Renal Scarring defect in Kidney is – | [
"DMSA scan",
"DTPA scan",
"DEXA scan",
"MCU"
] | A | Renal scarring (e.g. in reflex nephropathy) is best assessed by Tc-99-D11ISA scintigraphy which is static renal scintigraphy for assessment of structure of kidney. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The role played by Major Histocompatibility Complex-1 and -2 is to | [
"Transduce the signal to T-cells following antigen recognition",
"Mediate immunogenic class switching",
"Present antigens for recognition by T-cell antigen receptors",
"Enhance the secretion of cytokines"
] | C | The role played by Major Histocompatibility Complex-1 and -2 is to present antigens for recognition by T
cell antigen receptors.
‘Main function of MHC molecule is to bind peptide fragments of foreign protein for presentation to appropriate antigen-specific T cells.’ | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adult with progressive pallor, hyper-segmented neutrophils and MCV>100 shows? | [
"Hereditary spherocytosis",
"Megaloblastic anemia",
"Dimorphic Anemia",
"Thalassemia"
] | B | Ans. (b) Megaloblastic anaemiaRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 81 e-3fThe presence of macrocytes with hyper segmented neutrophils confirms the answer as megaloblastic anaemia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice among these for neonatal seizures: | [
"Phenobarbitone",
"Phenytoin",
"Diazepam",
"Clobazam"
] | A | Ans. A. PhenobarbitoneThe drug of choice for treating neonatal seizures is phenobarbitone. Its initial IV dose is 20-40mg/kg IV, followed by maintenance dose of 3-5mg/kg/dayIV/IM or oral. | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Warty" or "Cauliflower" like growth is | [
"Papilloma",
"fibroma",
"Lipoma",
"Torus"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common form of melioidosis - | [
"Septicemia",
"Pulmonary infection",
"Arthritis",
"Liver abscess"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pulmonary infection Burkholderia pseudomallei* It is also known as Whitmore's bacillus.* It is aerobic gram negative bacillus.* It is motile which differentiate it from nonmotile B. mallei.* It shows typical bipolar 'safety pin' appearance with methylene blue stain.* It is free living saprophyte norma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy are all except : | [
"Aboion",
"Placenta prae",
"Preterm labour",
"Appendicitis"
] | B | Obstetric problems:Aboion,ectopic pregnancy,abruption acute hydramnios,preterm labour,severe preeclampsia. Gynaecological: Torsion of ovarian cyst,Red degeneration of fibroid Surgical: Acute appendicitis,Acute cholecystitis,volvulus. Medical:Acute pyelo nephritis,acute cystitis. TEXT BOOK OF OBSTETRICS,Sheila Balakrish... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the sex linked recessive disorder is due to the lack of the enzyme: | [
"Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase",
"Xanthine oxidase",
"Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase",
"Adenosine deaminase"
] | A | Ans. A. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferasePurine biosynthesis takes place by de novo and salvage pathway. Erythrocytes, Neutrophils and the brain cells lack the enzyme "PRPP-amido transferase" so salvage pathway is operative there. It is one step synthesis.HGPRT ase (Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl tra... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spinal cord develops from ? | [
"Neural tube",
"Mesencephalon",
"Rhombencephalon",
"Prosencephalon"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Neural tubeNervous system develops from ectoderm (neuroectoderm). Nervous system develops from neural tube which in turn develops by process of neurulation, i.e. formation of neural plate and its infolding into neural tube. Structures formed from neural tube are :? 1. From cranial pa (enlarged cephali... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true about Anaplasia? | [
"Loss of cohesion between cells",
"Loss of differentiation",
"Change of epithelium type",
"Benign and fully reversible"
] | B | ANAPLASIA-It is the hallmark feature of malignant transformation. Metaplasia Change of epithelium types Benign & fully reversible Metaplasia | Dysplasia | Anaplasia Metastasis is hallmark feature of malignancy. Anaplasia is associated with many other morphological changes: Pleomorphism Abnormal nuclear pathology Mitose... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maximum recommended external beam radiation therapy dose for a case of Carcinoma cervix is? | [
"80 Gy",
"70 Gy",
"50 Gy",
"35 Gy"
] | C | Ans. C. 50 Gy."External-beam doses of more than 40 to 45 Gy to the central pelvis tend to compromise the dose deliverable to paracentral tissues and increase the risk of late complications. However, recently IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy) allows delivery of doses exceeding 60 Gy with relative sparing of adjace... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 64-year-old woman in otherwise excellent health is referred by her optician to ophthalmology outpatients. The optician has noticed cupping of the optic disc and enlargement of the blind spot. Tonometry confirms the diagnosis of chronic simple (open angle) glaucoma. Choose the most appropriate drug from the choices be... | [
"Brimonidine",
"Tropicamide",
"Timolol",
"Hypromellose"
] | C | Chronic simple (open angle) glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness. In contrast to acute (closed angle) glaucoma, its onset is insidious and painless. Initial treatment is with a topical beta-blocker, such as timolol, with the provison that significant systemic absorption may occur; the usual cautions and con... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best for diagnosing carcinoid tumour is | [
"24 hour urinary HIAA",
"24 hour catecholamine",
"24 hour vaniylmandelic acid",
"24 hour metanephrine levels"
] | A | Conventional tumour pathology criteria and dna cytometry have limited value in assessing the malignancy of a neuroendocrine tumour. Hence, the detection of substances that are more specific for carcinoid tumours can facilitate a more exact diagnosis. Two markers are primarily used to diagnose and follow carcinoid tumou... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Allergic reactions to amide linked anaesthetic are – | [
"Less common than that of ester linked local anesthetics",
"More common than that of ester linked anesthetics",
"Not known",
"None of the above"
] | A | Amide local anesthetics have low incidence of allergic reaction in comparison to esters. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pseudocholinesterase is synthesized by | [
"Liver",
"Plasma",
"Muscle end plate",
"Nerve ending"
] | A | Pseudocholinesterase which metabolizes succinylcholine is synthesized by liver and is present in plasma. True cholinesterase which metabolizes acetylcholine is synthesized by muscle end plate. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following test is not used for detection of specific aneuploidy? | [
"FISH",
"#NAME?",
"QF - PCR",
"Microarray"
] | D | A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is impoant feature of Duane retraction syndrome | [
"Hyperopia",
"Retraction of globe",
"Head tilt",
"All of the above"
] | B | Retraction of globe is essential feature of Duane retracation syndrome Duane Retraction Syndrome Duane retraction syndrome is a misinnervation syndrome of cranial nerve 3 and cranial nerve 6. D/d is sixth nerve palsy but note there is no retraction in sixth nerve palsy. Types DRS type 1: Abduction is limited DRS type 2... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Virchow method of organ removal is: NEET 14 | [
"Organs removed en masse",
"Organs removed one by one",
"In situ dissection",
"Organs removed en bloc"
] | B | Ans. Organs removed one by one | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardinal event of acute inflammation | [
"Vasoconstriction",
"Stasis of Circulation",
"Vasodilatation and| vascular permeability",
"Margination of leukocytes"
] | C | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pseudoahrosis may be seen in all of the following conditions except: | [
"Fracture",
"Idiopathic",
"Neurofibromatosis",
"Osteomyelitis"
] | D | D i.e. Osteomyelitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a radiolucent stone? | [
"Uric acid",
"Oxalate",
"Cysteine",
"Triple phosphate"
] | A | Ans: a (Uric acid) Ref: Bailey and Love, 24th ed, p. 1317Pure uric acid stones are radiolucent and appear in an excretory urogram as filling defects.Uric acid stones if contain calcium, will cast a faint radiological shadow.Examples for radiolucent stones* Uric acid* Dihydroxy adenine* Orotic acid* Xanthine* Allopurino... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Extra-aicular manifestations of RA - | [
"Scleritis",
"Pericarditis",
"Pulmonary fibrosis",
"All"
] | D | Although Rheumatoid ahritis is a symmetric polyaicular ahritis there are also many extra aicular manifestations like scleritis, pericarditis, and pulmonary fibrosis etc. The clinical features of Rheumatoid ahritis is highly variable. Ref: Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page no 785,786 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Time between infection and maximum infectivity is known as? | [
"Incubation period",
"Serial interval",
"Generation time",
"Communicable period"
] | C | the interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of that host is defined as GENERATION TIME.generally it roughly equals incubation period,but not same.generation time refers to transmission of infection whether clinical orsubclinical.ref :park's textbook of preventive and social medic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pseudouridine found in | [
"DNA",
"rRNA",
"mRNA",
"tRNA"
] | D | Pseudouridine (abbreted by the Greek letter psi- Ps) is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine in which the uracil is attached a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond. It is the most prevalent of the over one hundred different modified nucleosides found in RNA. Ps is found in all species and in many c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Increased "Anion gap' is a characteristic feature | [
"Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma",
"Hypoglycaemic coma",
"Phenformin toxicity with coma",
"Renal tubulae acidosis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hyperpigmentation of palms & soles is seen in which poisoning | [
"Arsenic",
"Mercury",
"Lead",
"Copper"
] | A | A i.e. Arsenic | train | med_mcqa | null |
Visceral Larva migrans is a feature of | [
"Ancyclostoma caninum",
"Ancyclostoma braziliense",
"Toxocara canis",
"Ancyclostoma duodenale"
] | C | Visceral Larva Migrans Seen in:-
Toxocara canis - m/c
Toxocara catis
Ascaris suum
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Gnathostoma spinigerum. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ectocervix is lined by: | [
"Non-ciliated columnar epithelium",
"Stratified squamous epithelium",
"Ciliated columnar epithelium",
"Cuboidal epithelium"
] | B | Epithelium of cervixThe epithelium of the cervix is varied.The ectocervix (more distal, by the vagina) is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.The endocervix (more proximal, within the uterus) is composed of simple columnar epithelium. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maggots are not seen before - | [
"4 hours",
"12 hours",
"24 hours",
"52 hours"
] | C | Maggots are larval forms of flies which settle on body within one to two days. They have proteolytic enzymes to penetrate the skin. Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27 th edition pg. 83. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The syndrome of inappropriate and antidiuretic hormone is characterized by the following - | [
"Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq/I",
"Hypernatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq/I",
"Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia",
"Hypernatremia and hypokalemia"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In future replacement of questionable mandibular teeth is anticipated, the major connector of choice is: | [
"Lingual bar.",
"Lingual plate.",
"Sublingual bar.",
"Sublingual plate."
] | B | When one or more incisor teeth have to be replaced in the future, the lingual plate is preferred because additional teeth can be added by attaching retention loops to it. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 year old farmer presents with chronic cough, fever, anorexia. O/E lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly present. Chest X-ray shows infiltrates, patchy opacities. Aspiration of lymph node shows intracellular yeasts. Culture grows thick walled spherical spores with tuberculate microconidia. Diagnosis | [
"Cryptococcosis",
"Sporotrichosis",
"Histoplasmosis",
"Coccidioidomycosis"
] | C | Answer: c) Histoplasmosis (JAWETZ 27th EDITION P-679)HISTOPLASMOSIS (DARLING DISEASE)* H. capsulatum - Non capsulated intracellular fungi which infects RES* Classical histoplasmosis - caused by H.capsulatum var capsulatum - mostly involves lungs* African histoplasmosis - caused by H.capsulatum var duboisii - mostly inv... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stone formed in alkaline urine is: | [
"Calcium oxalate",
"Calcium phosphate",
"Cysteine",
"Uric acid"
] | B | Struvite stones (infection stones) - Composed of calcium, ammonium, magnesium phosphate (Triple phosphate stones). Tend to grow in alkaline urine, especially with Proteus infection and fill whole of the pelvi-calyceal system, forming staghorn calculi. Formed In high urinary concentration of ammonia. More common In wome... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the case of carcinoma breast with Her -2 neu immunohistochemistry staining, which of the following score needs fuher FISH study? | [
"0",
"1+",
"2+",
"3+"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient has hyperphosphatemia with short metacarpals and associated cataract. The diagnosis is - | [
"Pseudohypoparathyroidism",
"Hypophosphatasia",
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"Osteomalacia"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following biomarkers has been shown to correlate best with pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with hea failure: | [
"Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)",
"Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)",
"Endothelin- 1 (ET-1)",
"Endothelin- 2 (ET-2)"
] | C | Answer is C (Endothelin-1) Endothelin-1 (ET-I) levels have been found to correlate best with pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with Hea Failure. Hea failure is associated with increase in plasma levels of Endothelin-1 (ET-1). Endothelin-1 (ET-I) is amongst the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictors. The pulmon... | train | med_mcqa | null |
One of the following condition is not associated with clubbing - | [
"Primary biliary cirrhosis",
"Chronic bronchitis",
"Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis",
"Central bronchiectasis"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the TRUE about M proteins of Streptococci, EXCEPT: | [
"Group I M proteins are associated with streptococci causing Acute Rheumatic fever",
"M proteins are encoded by emm gene of Streptococcus pyogenes",
"M2 serotypes are most commonly associated with invasive diseases and Toxic Streptococcal Syndrome",
"None of the above"
] | C | M proteins have been divided into two groups: Those in group I have a paicular set of repeating sequences and are associated with Streptococci that cause acute Rheumatic fever (rheumatogenic strains). Those in group II produce Opacity factor, do not have the same set of repeating sequences and do not cause rheumatic fe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An absolute contraindication of MRI is: | [
"Automatic Cardioverter-defibrillators",
"Prosthetic cardiac valves",
"Insulin pump",
"Cochlear implants"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Automatic Cardioverter-defibrillators MR is considered among the safest imaging modalities for patients, even at very high field strengths, more than 3-4 tesla. But Ferromagnetic objects under magnetic field can be vulnerable to 4 adverse effects: Movement (causing structural injury), Current conductio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bronze diabetes is seen in | [
"Wilson's disease",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Lead intoxication",
"Hemochromatosis"
] | D | Refer Robbins page no Pg 9th edition 849 Founately, hemochromatosis can be diagnosed long before irreversible tissue damage has occurred. Screening involves demonstration of very high levels of serum iron and ferritin, exclusion of secondary causes of iron over- load, and liver biopsy if indicated. Screening of family ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Who coined term anaesthesia ? | [
"Moon",
"Holmes",
"Morgan",
"Priestly"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Reversal of anaesthesia Second gas effect and diffusion hypoxia In initial pa of induction, diffusion gradient from alveoli to blood is high and larger quantity of anaesthetic is entering blood. If the inhaled Concentration of anaesthetic is high (eg N20), Substantial loss of alveolar gas volume will ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Naltrexone is used in opioid addiction because | [
"To treat withdrawal symptoms",
"To treat overdose of opioids",
"Prevent relapse",
"Has addiction potential"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e. prevent relapse Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonistIt is a competitive antagonist at all opioid receptors.It can be used orally, to assist in the rehabilitation of ex-opioid abusers who are fully withdrawn (otherwise it will induce an acute Withdrawl syndrome).A patient who then takes an opioid, fai... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is a DUAL RECORD SYSTEM consisting of continuous enumeration of birth and death by numerator and which indicates survey every six months? | [
"Census",
"Civil registration system",
"Sample registration system",
"Model registration system"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which among the following is acid fast? | [
"Entamoeba histolytica",
"Giardia Iambiia",
"Cryptosporidium oocyst",
"Microsporidia"
] | C | Ans : c) Cryptosporidium oocystAcid last structures:Nocardiaisosporasmegma bacillimycobacteriumlegionellamicoadispermatic headbacterial spores rhodococcusCryptosporidium cystAcid fast staining was discovered by Ehrlich. Modified by Ziehl & Neelson Acid fastness is a property of lipids & it also depends on the integrity... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nephrotoxic agent is – | [
"Methoxy flurone",
"Isoflurone",
"Halothane",
"N2O"
] | A | Methoxyflurane is most nephrotoxic can cause high output (polyuric) renal failure. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not an inherited disorder | [
"Protein S deficiency",
"Factor V leiden mutation",
"Antiphospholipid antibody (APLAS)",
"Proein 'c' resistance"
] | C | Antiphospholipid syndrome or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS or APLS), or often known also as Hughes syndrome in the UK, is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies. APS provokes blood clots (thrombosis) in both aeries and veins as well as pregnancy-related complications such a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Under which of the following condition uterus shows both hyperophy and hyperplasia at the same time? | [
"Pregnancy",
"Multiparity",
"Nulliparity",
"Pubey"
] | A | During pregnancy, the myometrium goes through a period of extensive growth involving both hyperplasia (increasing the number of smooth muscle cells), cell hyperophy, and increased collagen production by the muscle cells, which strengthens the uterine wall. This well-developed uterine myometrium contracts very forcefull... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding acetazolamide is : | [
"Irreversible inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase",
"Structural resemblance to sulfonamides",
"It decreases potassium excretion",
"It cause metabolic alkalosis"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tryptophan gives rise to | [
"Thyroxine",
"Melatonin",
"Melanin",
"Epinephrine"
] | B | Melatonin is synthesised from serotonin which in turn is from tryptophan.Ref: Textbook of medical biochemistry, MN Chatterji, 8th edition, page no: 519 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most dreadful complication of Meningococci infection? | [
"Water can perineum",
"Fitz Hugh Cuis syndrome",
"Polyahritis",
"Water House Friderichsen syndrome"
] | D | Meningitis Caused by droplet infection Feature of meningitis - fever, headache, vomiting & neck rigidity Mc dreadful complication of meningitis is Water House Friderichsen syndrome causing bilateral adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis Option A) water can perineum, B) Fitz Hugh Cuis syndrome C) Poly ahritis are complication of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
These ECG changes are seen in | [
"Hyponatremia",
"Hypernatremia",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hyperkalemia"
] | D | Classically, the electrocardiographic manifestations in hyperkalemia progress from tall peaked T waves (5.5-6.5 mM) to a loss of P waves (6.5-7.5 mM) to a widened QRS complex (7.0-8.0 mM), and, ultimately, a to a sine wave pattern (>8.0 mM). Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 310 | train | med_mcqa | null |
NSAID Drug induced edema is due to | [
"Increased hydrostatic pressure",
"Protein losing enteropathy",
"Endothelial damage due to IL-2",
"Low oncotic pressure"
] | A | (A) Increased hydrostatic pressure# EDEMA> Causes due to increase hydrostatic pressure (due to enchanced renal salt & water): Congestive heart failure; Acute enphritis; Nephrotic syndrome; Chronic renal disease; Cirrhosis liver; Hypothyroidism. Drug induced fluid retention (E.g NSAID use)\ Idiopathic or cyclical edema.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cerebroside contains which sugar moiety | [
"Ribose",
"Fructose",
"Galactose",
"Glucose"
] | C | Cerebrosides are both present as galactocerbrosides and glucocerebrosidesGalacto cerebrosides in neural cells and glucocerebrosides in the non neural cells. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True About ketamine | [
"Bronchodilator",
"Depressed airway reflexes",
"Causes hypotension",
"Decreases ICT"
] | A | Ketamine is a bronchial smooth muscle relaxant. When it is given to patients with reactive airway disease and bronchospasm, pulmonary compliance is improved. Ketamine is as effective as halothane or enflurane in preventing experimentally induced bronchospasm. The mechanism for this effect is probably a result of the sy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following has a function of a peptidyl transferase? | [
"Enzymes",
"Single stranded DNA",
"Elongation Factor",
"Ribozyme"
] | D | Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity. These generally involve transesterification reactions, and most are concerned with RNA metabolism (splicing and endoribonuclease). Impoant: Recently, a rRNA component has been implicated in hydrolyzing an aminoacyl ester and thus to play a central role in peptide bon... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Retinoblastoma is bilateral in | [
"100 % of cases",
"1 % of cases",
"50 % of cases",
"30 % of cases"
] | D | Retinoblastoma: It is a malignant glioma of the retina, usually unilateral, that occurs in young children and usually is hereditary. In about 30 % of patients retinoblastoma is bilateral. The initial diagnostic finding is usually a yellow or white light reflex seen at the pupil (cat's eye reflex). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is common risk factor for coronary hea disease except? | [
"Family H\\/O of HID",
"Decreased homoscystinaemia",
"HDL < 40 mg\\/dL",
"Tyoe 1 DM"
] | B | Ref: R Alagappan - Manual of Practical Medicine 4th Edition.pg no:182 Risk Factors Category I (For which interventions have been proved to lower CVD risks) 1. Raised LDL cholesterol 2. Reduced HDL cholesterol 3. Atherogenic diet 4. Cigarette smoking 5. Hypeension 6. LVH 7. Thrombogenic factors Category II (For which in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a prokinetic drug? | [
"Domperidone",
"Cimetidine",
"Ondansetron",
"Hyoscine"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Domperidone Gastrokinetic (prokinetic drugs) These are the drugs which promote gastrointestinal transit and speed gastric emptying by enhancing coordinated propulsive motility. Prokinetic drugs are - Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Cisapride, Mosapride, Tegaserod, renzapride, prucalopride. Prokinetic dru... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following can delivery 100% oxygen | [
"Venturi mask",
"Anesthetic face mask",
"Hudson mask",
"Non - rebreather face mask"
] | B | Devices used foroxygen therapy Performance of these devices can be described according to 1. Themaximum oxygen concentrationachievable to be delivered to the patient, and the reliability/ variability with which the devices do that. Looking at the reliability and variability of oxygen delivery to the patient we can divi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following structures passes behind the inguinal ligament? 1. Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve 2. Superficial epigastric aery 3. Psoas major 4. Femoral vein 5. Saphenous vein | [
"1,2 & 3",
"3 & 4",
"1,3,4 & 5",
"All"
] | B | Three small cutaneous aeries (superficial external pudendal, superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac aeries) arising from the femoral aery can be seen a little below the inguinal ligaments.Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve pierces the femoral sheath and overlying deep fascia 2 cm below the mid i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Age at which a child can tell gender? | [
"2 years",
"3 years",
"4 years",
"5 years"
] | B | Milestones at 3 years of age( most of these have been asked in previous years)
Can tell age gender and recall story
Rides tricycle
Stands momentarily on one foot
Makes a tower of 10 cubes; imitates construction of “bridge” of 3 cubes
Copies circle
Imitates cross
Plays simple games (in “parallel” with other children)
H... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic radiological feature of fibrous dysplasia- | [
"Thickened bone matrix",
"Coical erosion",
"Ground glass appearance",
"Bone enlargement"
] | C | Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) Asymptomatic, self-limiting developmental regional alteration of bone in which the normal architecture is replaced by fibrous tissue and nonfunctional trabeculae-like osseous tissue. It is self-limiting (thus it is not a true neoplasm) * Represents a group of disorders with variety of clinical pa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of metastasis in Choriocarcinoma is? | [
"Liver",
"Lungs",
"Brain",
"Ovaries"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) LungsREF: Shaw 14th e p- 233Sites of metastasis in choriocarcinomaLungs (80%) > vagina (30%) > pelvis (20%) > liver (10%) > brain (10%) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best prognosis in liver transplantation is observed, if indication for transplant was? | [
"Acute liver failure",
"Chronic liver failure",
"Malignancy",
"Metabolic liver disease"
] | B | Acute liver injury may present with non-specific symptoms of fatigue and abnormal LFTs, or with jaundice and acute liver failure. * Chronic liver injury is defined as hepatic injury, inflammation and/or fibrosis occurring in the liver for more than 6 months. In the early stages, patients can be asymptomatic with fluctu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All is true about Pecquet duct EXCEPT | [
"Begins at level of T 12",
"Enters thorax through aoic opening",
"Crosses from right to left at level of T8",
"Passes the superior apeure of thorax"
] | C | Thoracic duct, aka duct pecquet, is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. it Crosses from right to left at level of T5 It extends from the lower border of T12 as a continuation of the cisterna chyli. Enters thorax through the aoic opening of diaphragm along with the aoa & azygous veins. It ascends through the poste... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A woman who pricked her finger w hile pruning some rose bushes develops a local pustule thatprogressed to an ulcer. Several nodules then developed along the local lymphatic drainage.The most likely etiological agent would be? | [
"Aspergillus fiimigatus",
"Candida albicans",
"Histoplasma capsula turn",
"Sporothrix schenckii"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Sporothrix schenckii o Nodules along the lymphatics after plant prick suggest the diagnosis of sporotrichosis.Sporotrichosiso Sporotrichosis is caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii.o Because S.schenckii naturally found in soil, hav, sphagnum moss, and plants, it usually affect... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are criteria for SIRS except | [
"Hypothermia (<36degC)",
"Tachycardia (>90/min)",
"Tachypnoea (>20/min)",
"White cell count >10 x 10^9/litre"
] | D | SIRS is two of:hypehermia (>38degC) or hypothermia (<36degC)tachycardia (>90/min, no b-blockers) or tachypnoea (>20/min)white cell count >12 x 10^9/litre or <4 x 10^9/litreRef: Bailey and Love 27e pg: 51 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Munson's sign is seen in: | [
"Keratoconus",
"Keratoglobus",
"Microcornea",
"All"
] | A | Ans. Keratoconus | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a child with OCD, MRI will reveal reduced volume (atrophy) of:- | [
"Putamen",
"Globus pallidus",
"Caudate nucleus",
"Cerebellum"
] | C | Obsessive compulsive disorder -Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that the person feels driven to perform according to specific rules in order to prevent an imagined dreaded event. OCD is the fouh most common psychiatric disorder and is usually a chronic co... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intestinal hypomotility is seen in all the following except: | [
"Diabetes",
"Parkinsonism",
"Amyloidosis",
"All of the above"
] | D | Answer is D (All of the above) Intestinal hypomotility may he seen in all conditions mentioned in the questions. Parkinsonism * Achalasia / Pseudo-obstruction / Megacolon * Lewy bodies in myenteric plexus of esophagus and colon Diabetes Mellitus * Gastroparesis and intestinal & colonic dysmotility * Myenteric plexus mo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which respiratory center is responsible for initiation of rhythmic spontaneous respiration? | [
"Pre Botzinger complex",
"Nucleus Tractus soliatrius",
"Pneumotaxic center",
"Apneustic"
] | A | The main components of the respiratory control pattern generator responsible for automatic respiration are located in the medulla. Rhythmic respiration is initiated by a small group of synaptically coupled pacemaker cells in the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BOTC) on either side of the medulla between the nucleus ambiguus... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common causative organism for ascending cholangitis is - | [
"Streptococcus",
"Proteus",
"E. coli",
"Anaerobes"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about ciprofloxacin except ? | [
"C/I in pregnancy",
"DNA inhibition",
"Most potent 1st generation fluoroquinolone",
"More active at acidic pH"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., More active at acidic pH Ciprofloxacin is the most potent first generation FQ. o Ciprofloxacin inhibit DNA gyrase and is contraindicated in pregnancy. It is less active at acidic pH. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is not a pa of the ' -Triple Therapy' immunosuppression for post-renai transplant patients ? | [
"Cyclosporine",
"Azathioprine",
"FK506",
"Prednisolone"
] | C | All kidney transplants should receive maintenance immunosupressive therapies except identical twins The most frequently used combination is triple therapy- prednisolone Calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine ) or tacrolimus previously called FK506. antimetabolite(Azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil) TOR inhibitors can ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a community, an increase in new cases denotes - | [
"Increase in incidence rate",
"Increase in prevalence rate",
"Decrease in incidence rate",
"Decrease in prevalence rate"
] | A | ref: Park&;s 23rd edition pg 60 Increased incident rates shows that there is an increase in new cases of that paicular disease. Incidence rate is defined as the number of NEW cases occuring in a defined population during a specified period of time. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The motility of cell is due to protein- | [
"Motilin",
"Tubulin",
"Laminin",
"Tactilin"
] | B | Functions of Microtubules include determination of cell shape and various cell movements. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a normal pregnancy, due to physiological changes, which among the following can be seen? | [
"Increase in blood volume by 20 to 40%",
"Sho diastolic murmurs",
"Increase hematocrit",
"Increase vital capacity"
] | A | Physiological Changes during Pregnancy:Uterus undergoes hyperophy and hyperplasia measuring about 35 cm in length and 900 to 1000 gm in weight.Ovary shows corpus luteum with maximum growth at 8 weeks. At 12 weeks colloid degenerations occur and later calcification at term. Breast increase in size with stromal hyperophy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most likely associated laboratory abnormality in a patient suffering from arsenic poisoning? | [
"Neutropenia",
"Macrocytic anemia",
"Normocytic anemia",
"Prolongation of the QT interval"
] | D | Occupational exposure to arsenic may Occur in the smelting industry (due the presence of arsenic as a byproduct of purifying ores) and the microelectronics industry due to the use of gallium arsenate. Inorganic arsenic (currently used successfully and safely for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukem... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following test will differentiate Vibrio cholerae from E.coli? | [
"Oxidase test",
"Lactose fermentation",
"Sensitivity to optochin",
"Catalase test"
] | A | Answer: a) Oxidase test (PANIKER 9th EDITION P-305)ENTEROBACTER1ACEAE* Grow well in MacConkey media* Catalase positive (except Shigella dysentriae type 1)* Oxidase & Urease negative* Urease negative (except Proteus, Klebsiella, Morganella)* Motile by peritrichate flagella (except Shigella, Klebsiella, Salmonella gallin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which among the following is the hallmark of acute inflammation? | [
"Vasoconstriction",
"Stasis",
"Vasodilation and increase in permeability",
"Leukocyte margination"
] | C | Ans, (c) Vasodilation and increase in permeabilityRef: Robbins pathology 9th ed. 173* Hallmark of acute inflammation is increased vascular permeability leading to the escape of protein-rich exudate into the extravascular tissue, causing edema. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Skilled job kupposwami which socioeconomic grade - | [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | D | socioeconomic grade of Skilled job in kupposwami is 4 occupation grade 1.profession 10 2. semi-profession 6 3.clerical,shop-owner,farmer 5 4.skilled worker 4 5.semi-skilled worker 3 6.unskilled worker 2 7.unemployed 1 ref ;(page no;690)23rd edition of PARK&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of these mediate the precapillary sphincter relaxation: | [
"Local hormones",
"Sympathetic stimulations",
"Catcholamines",
"Capillary filling"
] | A | A i.e. Local hormonesPrecapillary sphincters are layer of smooth muscle fibres present just at the point where a metaeriole.There is no innervation on precapillary sphincter.Q- Their dilatation or constriction (to control the blood flow) depends on local hormones.Q , product of metabolism, hydrogen ions etc.Catecholami... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A plant prick can produce sporotrichosis. All are true statements about sporotrichosis except - | [
"Is a chronic mycotic disease that typically involves skin, subcutaneous tissue and regionallymphatics",
"Most cases are acquired via cutaneous inoculation",
"Enlarged lymph nodes extending centripetally as a beaded chain are a characteristic finding",
"It is an occupational disease of butchers, doctors"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., It is an occupational disease of butchers, doctors Sporotrichosiso Sporotrichosis is caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii.o Because S.schenckii naturally found in soil, hav, sphagnum moss, and plants, it usually affects farmers,gardeners, and agricultural workers.o This fungal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Relaxis pad is used in:- | [
"Nocturnal enuresis",
"Restless leg syndrome",
"Narcolepsy",
"Panic disorder"
] | B | Relaxis pad is an FDA approved strategy for management of Restless leg syndrome. It is the only FDA approved non-pharmacological strategy to manage restless leg syndrome. Refer to their official site for fuher details: | train | med_mcqa | null |
Evaluation of screening test is by - | [
"Sensitivity",
"Specificity",
"Predictive value",
"All the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is complete sulcus | [
"Lunate",
"Calcarine",
"Colluteral",
"Central"
] | C | Complete sulcus is very deep so as to cause elevation in the walls of the lateral ventricle. Examples are the collateral and calcarine sulci. Incomplete sulci are superficially situated and are not very deep, E.g. paracentral sulcus. Ref- sciencedirect.com | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gelle's test is for | [
"Otosclerosis",
"NIHL",
"Sensorineural deafness",
"None"
] | A | Gelle's test: It is also a test of bone conduction and examines the effect of increased air pressure in the ear canal on hearing. Normally, when the air pressure in the ear canal is increased in the ear canal by Siegel's speculum, it pushes the tympanic membrane and possible inwards raise the intralabyrinthine pressure... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The treatment of choice for an 8 mm retained common bile duct (CBD) stone is: | [
"Laparoscopic CBD exploration",
"Percutaneous stone extraction",
"Endoscopic stone extraction",
"Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy"
] | C | Treatment of Choledocolithiaisis Stone <1.5 cm --ERCP + Stone Removal ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic as stenting procedures may be done to allete the obstruction. Stone >1.5cm - Choledochotomy When distal obstruction is suspected- Choledochoduodenostomy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ms X has a bad habit of biting her fingernails and pulling at her cuticles until her fingers bleed and have sores. Her therapist is teaching her how to not bite and pick at her fingernails using various learning principles. Her therapist is using | [
"Psychoanalysis",
"Client centered therapy",
"Behaviour therapy",
"Emotion focused therapy"
] | C | Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned. Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Marked decreased FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio are seen in - | [
"Asthma",
"Kyphosis",
"Scoliosis",
"Fibrosis of lung"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Asthma Differences between Obstructive and Restrictive respiratory DiseasePFT resultObstructive PatternRestrictive patternFEV1Decreased (< 80% predicted) (Decreased out of proportion to FVC)Decreased (May be preserved)(Decreased in proportion to FVC)FVCDecreased (May be preserved)Decreased (< 80 % pre... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cervical warts are seen with which HPV - | [
"11,13",
"17,18",
"5, 8",
"6, 11"
] | D | Genital warts (anogenital warts or condyloma acuminata) is most commonly caused by low risk HPV that is HPV-6,11. High risk HPV that is HPV-16,18, 31, 33, 45 can lead to cervical carcinoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Joint involved in movement of head from left to right is | [
"Atlanto occipital",
"Atlanto axial",
"C2- C3 Joint",
"C3- C4 Joint"
] | B | * Atlanto-occipital (between skull and C1) joint permit nodding of head ( as when indicating approval or YES) and Atlanto-axial joint permits the head to be turned from side to side (as indicating disapproval or NO). * Atlantoaxial is a combination of three synol joints. The aiculation is at three places - a pair of la... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following intrinsic muscles of hand link flexor to extensor tendons? | [
"Thenar muscles",
"Lumbricals",
"Palmar interossei",
"Dorsal interossei"
] | B | Lumbricals originate from the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus in the palm and it is inseed in the lateral side of extensor digitorum profundus, thus it links flexor to extensor. The first and second lumbricals are supplied by the median nerve and the third and fouth are supplied by the ulnar nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coicosteroids are absolutely contraindicated in the following type of Tuberculosis | [
"Miliary",
"Meningeal",
"Intestinal",
"Renal"
] | C | Ref-KDT 6/e p749 Coicosteroids are absolutely contra-indicated in intestinal TB due to risk of perforation | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tangier disease is due to deficiency of | [
"LDL",
"HDL",
"VLDL",
"Chylomicrons"
] | B | Name Defect Remarks Familial alpha-lipoprotein deficiency Tangier disease Fish-eye disease apo-A-I deficiencies All have low or near absence of HDL Tendency toward hyperiacylglycerolemia as a result of absence of apo C-ll, causing inactive LPL. Low LDL levels. Atherosclerosis in the elderly. Reference: Harper; 30th edi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
SIADH is associated with the following drug : | [
"Vincristine",
"Erythromycin",
"5 - FU",
"Methotrexate"
] | A | Answer is A (Vincristine): Vincristine is known to cause SIADH. Drugs associated with SIADH : Vasopressin or desmopressin Chlorpropamide Oxytocin, high dose Vincristine Carbamezapine Nicotine Phenothiazines Cyclophosphamide Tricyclic antidepressants M40 inhibitors Serotonin reuptake inhibitors | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following deficiency can cause generalized oedema: | [
"Vitamin B2",
"Vitamin B6",
"Vitamin B12",
"Vitamin B1"
] | D | Vitamin B1 deficiency is Beri-Beri, which can cause oedema in "Wet Beri-Beri" which affects CVS, leading to cardiac failure, pulmonary & peripheral oedema. Other clinical manifestations of Beri-Beri: | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following can be done in a case of pelvic fracture with pelvic hematoma and had not passed urine since trauma EXCEPT - | [
"Pass indwelling urethral catheter",
"IV fluid infusion",
"IV pylography",
"Digital per rectal examination"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are findings of patients with schizophrenia except | [
"Lateral and third ventricle enlargement",
"Deficits in smooth-pursuit eye movements",
"Increased incidence of abnormally slow electroencephalogram tracings",
"Cerebellar dysfunction"
] | D | Studies using CT have consistently shown that the brains of patients with schizophrenia have lateral and third ventricular enlargement and some degree of reduction in coical volume. Disorders of smooth visual pursuit and the disinhibition of saccadic eye movements are commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia. Elect... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chest x-ray of a child presenting with acute breathlessness Diognosis- | [
"Pneumothorax",
"Penumatocele",
"Normal",
"None of above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pneumothoraxo The above film shows a right sided tension pneumothorax with right sided lucencv and leftward mediastinal shift. This is a medical emergency. And require immediate iniercostals drainage.o Pneumothorax is defined as air inside the thoracic cavity but outside the lung,o Spontaneous pneumot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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