question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I cells of duodenum secrete | [
"Secretin",
"Gastrin",
"CCK",
"Motilin"
] | C | In addition to its secretion by I cells in the upper intestine, CCK is found in nerves in the distal ileum and colon.
It is also found in neurons in the brain, especially the cerebral cortex, and in nerves in many parts of the body. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The term "balanced anaesthesia" has been given by? | [
"Simpson",
"Fischer",
"Lundy",
"Moan"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lundy Term 'balanced anaesthesia' was introduced by Lundy in 1926. Balanced anaesthesia The cardinal feature of general anaesthetics are : ? Loss of all sensations, especially pain Sleep (unconciousness) and amnesia Immobility and muscle relaxation Abolition of reflexes In modern practice of balanced ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lesions of which of the hypothalamic nuclei cause diabetes insipidus? | [
"Dorsomedial nuclei",
"Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei",
"Median preoptic nuclei",
"Ventromedial nuclei"
] | B | - Vasopressin, a 9-amino-acid peptide, has both anti-diuretic and vascular pressor activity - It is synthesized in the paraventricular & supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. - Deficiency of Vasopressin causes Diabetes insipidus. - DI results in Polyuria & polydipsia Satiety center Ventromedial nuclei (VMN) Reward cen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Condition which does not cause metabolic acidosis- | [
"Renal failure",
"Ureterosigmoidostomy",
"Pancreatic or biliary fistula",
"Pyloric stenosis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Methylene blue 3 swab test is done for urinary fistulae. Source of leakage if the lowermost swab gets stained: March 2010 | [
"Ureter",
"Urinary bladder",
"Urethra",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans. C: Urethra Methylene blue 3 swab test is useful for diagnosing site of leakage. In this test, Catheter is introduced in to the bladder through the urethra. Vaginal cavity is packed with 3 sterile swabs 50-100 ml of dilute methylene blue dye is injected into the bladder through the catheter (methylene blue turns ur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Xerosis/ Xerophthalmia is due to deficiency of: March 2013 (h) | [
"Vitamin K",
"Vitamin E",
"Vitamin D",
"Vitamin A"
] | D | Ans. D i.e. Vitamin A | train | med_mcqa | null |
RNA with Enzymatic activity is | [
"Peptidase",
"Peptidyl transferase",
"Cytidine deaminase",
"Aminoacyl tRNASynthetase"
] | B | Interestingly, some RNA molecules have intrinsic catalytic activity. The activity of these RNA enzymes, or ribozymes, often involves the cleavage of a nucleic acid. Two ribozymes are the peptidyl transferase that catalyzes peptide bond formation on the ribosome, and ribozymes involved in the RNA splicing.Ref: Harper&;s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about the hydatid disease of liver, EXCEPT: | [
"Most commonly located in the right liver",
"Hepatic resection is never done",
"Mostly Asymptomatic",
"Most common causative organism is echinococcus granulosus"
] | B | "If surgical cystectomy with removal of the germinal laminated layers is not technically feasible, then liver resection can be employed". Hydatid disease: Cystic hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus is the most common whereas E. multilocularis and E. oligaus account for a small numbe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anterior compament of leg contains all muscle except : | [
"Peroneus brevis",
"Peroneus teius",
"Extensor hallucis longus",
"Tibialis anterior"
] | A | A. i.e. Peroneus brevis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following muscle have attachment on the marked pa | [
"pectoralis minor",
"long head of biceps",
"pectoralis major",
"long head of triceps"
] | A | Attachment on coracoid process of scapula pectoralis minor sho head of biceps coracabrachilis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding Addisonian pigmentation, all are true EXCEPT : | [
"Involves moles and scars",
"Involves palmer creases",
"Does not involve oral mucosa",
"Decreased fibrosis"
] | C | Answer is C (Does not involve oral mucosa) : Pigmentation in Addison's disease In Addison's disease pigmentation appears as a diffuse brown, tan, or bronze darkening of skin This increased pigmentation is diffuse but may be accentuated in the Palmer crease Sites of friction & pressure areas - knuckles, elbows, knees, n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which amino acids are present in collagen? | [
"Glycine and cysteine",
"Glycine and proline",
"Glycine and arginine",
"Arginine and tryptophan"
] | B | The amino acid present in large quantities in collagen are GLYCINE, PROLINE and HYDROXYPROLINE.
Approximately 1/3rd of the amino acid are contributed by Glycine i.e every 3rd amino acid in collagen is GLYCINE.
Reference :- Satyanarayana 4th Edition, Pg no. 488 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a chemotactic factor? | [
"Prostaglandins",
"Prostacyclins",
"Thromboxane",
"Leukotrienes"
] | D | ANSWER: (D) LeukotrienesREF: Robbins 7th ed page 56"Endogenous chemo attractants are C5a, leukotriene B4, IL-8"See APPENDIX-19 for "CYTOKINES | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements is false regarding Japanese Encephalitis - | [
"Transmitted by culex mosquitoes",
"Water tanks serve as breeding sites",
"Pigs are amplifiers",
"Two dose of vaccine"
] | B | <p> The rice fields are probably the most impoant breeding places. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:285. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 13-year-old young girl presents in the casualty with acute pain in the lower abdomen. She has history of cyclical pain for last 6 months and she has not attained her menarche yet. On local genital examination, a tense bulge in the region of hymen was seen. The most probable diagnosis is: | [
"Mayer Rockitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome",
"Testicular feminization syndrome",
"Imperforate hymen",
"Asherman's syndrome"
] | C | Ans. is c, i.e. Imperforate hymenRef: Shaw 15th/ed, p96-97A young girl who has not attained menarche but has history of cyclical pain for last 6 months, presenting to casualty with acute abdomen and on examination a tense bulge in the region of hymen - clearly point towards "Imperforate hymen" as the diagnosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Staphylococcus can cause -a) Ecthymab) Erythrasmac) Furuncled) Impetigo contagiosae) Sycosis barbae | [
"bce",
"bde",
"abcd",
"acde"
] | D | Infections caused by staph aureus
Staphylococcus aureus causes a broad range of human disease, and can infect almost any organ system. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most severe form of hereditary spherocytosis is caused by the mutation of - | [
"Ankyrin",
"Alpha spectrin",
"Beta spectrin",
"Band 3"
] | B | . Alpha spectrin | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child with diarrhea has deep & rapid respiration. Most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Respiratory acidosis",
"Respiratory alkalosis",
"Metabolic acidosis",
"Metabolic alkalosis"
] | C | Diarrhoea- lose of bicarbonate in stool- causes normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Deep & rapid respiration- compensatory mechanism | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with a panic attack. She appears healthy except for tachycardia and a respiratory rate of 30. Electrolytes include calcium 10.0 mg/dL, albumin 4.0 g/dL, phosphorus 0.8 mg/dL, and magnesium 1.5 mEq/L. Arterial blood gases include pH of 7.56, PCO2 21 mm Hg, and PO2 99 mm... | [
"Hypomagnesemia",
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"Respiratory alkalosis with intracellular shift",
"Poor dietary intake"
] | C | Respiratory alkalosis is one of the commonest causes of hypophosphatemia; it results from shift of phosphate from the extracellular to the intracellular space. Hypomagnesemia alone would increase phosphorus by decreasing parathormone effect. Hyperparathyroidism can decrease phosphorus but would cause hypercalcemia. Sev... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chromosome for ABO gene is? | [
"9q",
"10p",
"11q",
"12p"
] | A | Ans is 'a' i.e. 9q * The ABO gene (Histo-blood group ABO system transferase enzyme) resides on chromosome 9 at the band 9q34.2.Also know* Gene for Rh antigen is located on Chromosome-1 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20 year old primi at 30 weeks of gestation has polyhydraminos. She should be advised:- | [
"Bed Rest",
"Aificial rupture of membranes",
"Oral indomethacin",
"Restriction of oral fluid"
] | C | Indomethacin acts by decreasing fetal urine production and thereby reduces amnionic fluid volume. This is presumed due to an increase in vasopressin levels and vasopressin responsiveness However, it may cause constriction of fetal ductus aeriosus, resulting in pulmonary hypeension. Hence, should not be used beyond 32 w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about primary CNS lymphoma -a) Reticulin staining is doneb) Essentially B cell typec) Have an association with EBVd) Indolent disease with good prognosise) Chemotherapy is highly effective | [
"ab",
"abc",
"acd",
"bcd"
] | B | Primary CNS lymphoma
It is most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed patients & accounts for 1% of intracranial tumors.
Affects all ages. Its peak incidence is in sixth & seventh decades in immunocompetent but younger in immunosuppressed patients.
More than 98% of PCNSL are B-cell lymphomas
Often have multiple sit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most Common extranodal site of Lymphoma in 14W is? | [
"CNS",
"GIT",
"Retroperitoneum",
"Mediastinum"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CNS | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following type of necrosis is seen in blood vessel | [
"Coagulative necrosis",
"Liquefactive necrosis",
"Caseous necrosis",
"Fibrinoid necrosis"
] | D | Fibrinoid Necrosis:- * Can occur in vasculitis. * Fibrinoid necrosis can be seen in Polyaeritis nodosa, Aschoff bodies and Malignant hypeension. * Fibrinoid necrosis can be highlighted by Maius Scarlet Blue (MSB)Ref:- Robbins Basic Pathology 10th Edition; Pg num:- 36,37 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The placenta secretes a hormone that is utilized in the early detection of pregnancy. This hormone is: | [
"Endothelial growth factor (EGF)",
"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)",
"Human chorionic somatotropin (HCS)",
"Relaxin"
] | B | The synthesis and secretion of hCG begins about day 6 of pregnancy, presumably from the trophoblast cells. Pregnancy tests utilize the measurement of hCG for detection of the embryo. Endothelial growth factor (EGF) is synthesized by the cytotrophoblast cells in the early placenta, then is synthesized by the syncytiotro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a sporicidal agent? | [
"Lysol",
"Formalin",
"Glutaraldehyde",
"Ethylene oxide"
] | A | Lysol and alcohol (ethyl and isopropyl alcohol) are used as disinfectants while formalin and glutaraldehyde act as sterilants. Ref : Ananthanarayana textbook of Microbiology 9th edition Pgno : 33 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40-year-old female, presented with a progressively increasing lump in the parotid region. On oral examinations, the tonsil was pushed medially. Biopsy showed it to be pleomorphic adenoma.The appropriate treatment is: | [
"Superficial parotidectomy",
"Lumpectomy",
"Conservative total parotidectomy",
"Enucleation"
] | C | For parotid tumors that arise in lateral lobe superficial parotidectomy with preservation of CN VII is indicated. If the tumor extends in to deep lobe of parotid, a total parotidectomy with nerve preservation is performed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bowman's membrane is seen in - | [
"Conjunctiva",
"Cornea",
"Lens",
"Iris"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e.? CorneaHistology of corneao The cornea has five distinct layers (from superficial to deep) : -Epithelium : - It is the outermost part of cornea and is composed of stratified squamous uon-keratinized epithelial cells.Bowman's membrane : - It is not a true membrane but simply a condensed superficial part... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Transverse facial aery is the branch of | [
"Facial aery",
"Maxillary aery",
"Superficial Temporal aery",
"Occipital aery"
] | C | Superficial Temporal Aery It is the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid aery. It begins, behind the neck of the mandible undercover of the parotid gland.In addition to the branches which supply the temple, the scalp, the parotid gland, the auricle and the facial muscles, the superficial temporal aery gives ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Limb salvage can be done in all except - | [
"Nerve injury",
"Vascular injury",
"Bone injury",
"Muscle injury"
] | B | Bailey says “Amputation should be considered when part of a limb is dead, deadly or a dead loss. A limb is dead when arterial occlusive disease is severe enough to cause infarction of macroscopic portions of tissue, i.e. gangrene. The occlusion may be in major vessels (atherosclerotic or embolic occlusions) or in small... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nerve tested in pupillary reflex is | [
"2nd and 3rd",
"Only 3rd",
"only 2nd",
"3rd and 5th"
] | A | Afferent - 2nd nerve.
Efferent - 3rd nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Duochrome test is for - | [
"Subjective verification of refraction",
"Subjective refinement of refraction",
"Subjective binocular balancing",
"Subjective monocular balancing"
] | B | Duochrome test is based on the principle of chromatic aberrations. It helps in verifying the spherical correction subjectively. In it, the patient is asked to tell the clarity of the letters with red background visa- vis green background. To an emmetropic patient letters of both the colours look equally sharp; while to... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Laplace's law for cylinder? | [
"P = T/R PT ( 1/rl - l/r2)",
"P = 2T/R",
"P = T/R",
"None of the above"
] | C | Ans. c (P = T/R) (Ref. Ganong Physiology 22nd/584)LAPLACE'S LAW states that wall tension (T) is proportional to the product of intraventricular pressure (P) and ventricular radius (r).-----------------------------T. p.r# P = 2T/R.... IN A SPHERE (BECAUSE R1=R2).# P = T/r.... In a Cylinder like blood vessel (one radius ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Meckel's diveiculum is best diagaEUR' nosed by: | [
"X-ray",
"Ultrasound",
"CT scan",
"Tc99 peechnetium scan"
] | D | Tc99 peechnetium scan | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dalen fuch's nodule is seen in - | [
"Sympathetic ophthalmitis",
"Myopia",
"Retinal detachment",
"Spring catarrh"
] | A | Dalen-Fuch's nodules are characteristic of sympathetic ophthalmitis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not seen in tubercular meningitis: | [
"Evidence of old pulmonary lesions or a miliary pattern is found on chest radiography",
"Culture of CSF is diagnostic in majority of cases and remains the gold standard.",
"It is seen most often in young children but also develops in adults.",
"Cerebrospinal fluid reveals a low leukocyte count."
] | D | Ans. (d) Cerebrospinal fluid reveals a low leukocyte count.Ref : Harrison 19th ed. / 898-99Refer to above table* Tubercular meningitis is seen most often in young children but also develops in adults, especially those infected with HIV.* Tubercular meningitis results from the hematogenous spread of primary or post prim... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Foramen of Magendie is the central opening of - | [
"Lateral ventricle",
"4th ventricle",
"3rd ventricle",
"None"
] | B | Ans-B | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is common between systemic and pulmonary circulation is | [
"Volume of the circulation per minute",
"Peripheral vascular resistance",
"Pulse Pressure",
"Total Capacity"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A four year old boy was admitted with a history of abdominal pain and fever for two months maculo popular rash for ten days, and dry cough, dyspnea and wheezing for three days. One examination liver and spleen were enlarged 4 cm and 3 cm respectively below the costal margins. His hemoglobin was 10.0 g/dl, platelet coun... | [
"Biphenotypic acute leukemia (lymphoid and eosinophil lineage",
"Acute eosinophilic leukemia",
"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hypereosinophilic syndrome",
"Acute myeloid leukemia with eosinophilia"
] | C | Answer is C (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hypereosinophilic syndrome) The immunophenotypic markers in the question are specific for lymphoid lineage alone and not for myeloid series. Presence of immunophenotypic marker for myeloid lineage is essential before considering a diagnosis of biphenotypic leukemias, or Ac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Half life of radioactive fluorine 18:- | [
"110 mins",
"110 days",
"110 secs",
"110 hours"
] | A | RADIOISOTOPE HALF UFE IODINE 131 8 DAYS IODINE 125 60 DAYS IODINE 124 4 DAYS IODINE 123 13 HOURS PHOSPHORUS-32 14 DAYS RADIUM(RA-226) 1622 Years Cobalt-60 5.2 Years Cesium -137 30 years TC-99m 6 hours Indium(lr-192) 74.5 Days 18F(18FDG) 110 Aim Strontium 89 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In treatment of parkinsonism, levodopa is combined with carbidopa: | [
"Decrease the treatment duration",
"Decrease the central side effects of L-dopa",
"Decrease the effectiveness of L -Dopa",
"Increase the crossing of levodopa through blood brain barrier"
] | D | Ans. D. Increase the crossing of levodopa through blood brain barrierLevodopa is drug given for parkinsonism. It is metabolized by Dopa decarboxylase enzyme which is present peripherally. So when given alone it get metabolized and do not cross the blood brain barrier. Carbidopa on other hand is Dopa decarboxylase inhib... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is torsional limit? | [
"Amount of apical pressure that can be applied to a file to the point of breakage",
"The beginning of plastic deformation of the instrument",
"Amount of rotational torque that can be applied to a “locked” instrument to the point of breakage",
"Amount of force necessary so that a file does not return to its or... | C | Torsional limit is the amount of rotational torque that can be applied to a "locked" instrument to the point of breakage (separation).
Obviously, an instrument should have sufficient strength to be rotated and worked vigorously without separating in the canal.
Smaller instruments (less than size 20) can withstand more... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The energy generated from alcohol is: | [
"4 kcal/g",
"0 kcal/g",
"7 kcal/g",
"9 kcal/g"
] | C | Ans. C. 7kcal/gAverage energy available from macronutrients is as follows:Carbohydrate--4kcal/gProtein--4kcal/gFat--9kcal/gAlcohol--7kcal/g | train | med_mcqa | null |
Initial treatment for management of mild to moderate Crohn's disease is? | [
"Mesalamine",
"Infliximab",
"Budesonide",
"Sulfasalazine"
] | C | Initial treatment for management of mild to moderate Crohn's disease is steroids - Budesonide For UC - Sulfasalazine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true of thyroid nodules during pregmancy | [
"Are poorly assessed by fine-needle aspiration.",
"Can be safely removed before 24 weeks gestation.",
"When smaller than 0.5 cm, can be reliably detected sonographically.",
"If cancerous, confer worse prognosis than if found in non pregnant controls."
] | B | Sonography can detect nodules if larger than 0.5cm. FNAC is excellent diagnostic method. Most thyroid carcinomas are well differentiated and have indolent course in pregnancy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Professional secrecy is a | [
"Legal responsibility",
"Ethical responsibility",
"Social responsibility",
"Implied term of contract between doctor and patient"
] | D | (As per definition, Professional secrecy is an implied term of contract between a doctor and his patient. It is a DUTY of the doctor i.e. the doctor should keep secret whatever he has acquired as pa of his professional work from the patient. If the doctor discloses anything then the patient can sue him for damages/fine... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Angle of the neck of femur to shaft is - | [
"110°",
"125°",
"170°",
"100°"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cutting of the pituitary stalk decreases all of the following hormones except- | [
"ACTH",
"GH",
"Prolactind",
"FSH"
] | C | PRL has inhibitory control mechanism.after pituitary stalk section there is spontaneous PRL hyper secretion ( Harrison 17 pg 2204 ) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spironolactone is most effective for - | [
"Cirrhotic edema",
"Cardiac edema",
"Idiopathic edema",
"Nutritional edema"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cirrhotic edema "Although can be used in all kinds of edema, spironolactone is the drug of choice for initial management of edema of liver cirrhosis".o Spironolactone is used in :i) Edema (cirrhotic and nephrotic)ii) Along with thiazide or loop diureticsiii) Hypertensioniv) CHF | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reverse transcription causes synthesis of:- | [
"RNA from DNA template",
"DNA from RNA template",
"RNA from RNA template",
"DNA from DNA template"
] | B | Reverse transcription - synthesis of DNA from RNA template Reverse transcriptase is RNA dependent DNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the formation of DNA from RNA | train | med_mcqa | null |
All causes brain lesions except | [
"Giardiasis",
"Tuberculosis",
"Cysticercosis",
"Bacteriodes"
] | A | giardiasis is caused by Giardia lamblia. the parasite attaches itself to the epithelial surface of duodenum and jejunum and causes disturbance of intestinal function leading to malabsorption of fat. Patient presented with loose stool and mild steatorrhoea. .Baveja textbook of parasitology 3rd edition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Differential diagnosis of Meniere's disease are all expect - | [
"Acoustic neuroma",
"CNS disease",
"Labyrinthitis",
"Suppurative otitis media"
] | D | Differential Diagnosis of Vertigo + Tinnitus + SNHL Deafness – Includes:
Meniere’s disease (Endolymphatic hydrops)
Syphilis
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthine trauma due to fracture of temporal bone, postoperatively after stapedectomy
Cogan syndrome
Labyrinthine hemorrhage due to blood dyscrasia
Acoustic neuroma/meningioma (C... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 52 years postmenopausal female presents unilocular with a ovarian cyst of 6 cms with normal CA 125 levels management is; | [
"USG guided ovarian tapping",
"Wait and watch",
"Surgery",
"OCP"
] | B | A simple unilocular ovarian cyst less than 5 cm can be observed with repeat ultrasound and CA-125 every 3 months.Many resolve in 6 months.A persistant cyst calls for its removal laparoscopically or by laparotomy.Aspiration of the cyst is contraindicated because of low yield of malignant cells and possibility of spread ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
BRCA 1 responsible which histological type breast cancer? | [
"Tubular carcinoma",
"Colloid carcinoma",
"Papillary carcinoma",
"Medullary carcinoma"
] | D | ANSWER: (D) Medullary carcinomaREF: Robbins 8th edn Page 1088,1089, Sabiston 17th edp. 891, CSDT 11thed p- 335, Schwartz 9th ed chapter 17BRCAl-associated breast cancers are commonly poorly differentiated, have "medullary features" (a syncytial growth pattern with pushing margins and a lymphocytic response), and do not... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mantle dentin found alon DEJ is | [
"20 μm",
"30 μm",
"40 μm",
"50 μm"
] | A | The mantle dentin found along the DEJ is about 20μm thick and it contains larger-diameter argyrophilic (silver stained) collagen fibers arranged perpendicularly to the DEJ. The circumpulpal dentin contains smaller-diameter closely packed collagen fibers. The dentin which forms after root completion is called secondary ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Crescent fracture is - | [
"Anteroposterior instability with rotational stability",
"Diastasis of pubis with pubic rami fracture",
"Antero-posterior compression is the mechanism of injury",
"Fracture of the iliac bone with sacroiliac disruption"
] | D | Crescent fracture is lateral compression type II pelvic fracture (for details, read young and Burgess classification from the text of this chapter). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a muscle of the tongue | [
"Genioglossus",
"Sternohyoid",
"Hyoglossus",
"Styloglossus"
] | B | Intrinsic muscles of the tongue:
Muscles found entirely within the tongue
Longitudinal, transverse, and vertical muscles
Function - change the shape of the tongue.
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue:
Genioglossus, Styloglossus, and hyoglossus, Palatoglosus.
All insert into the tongue, originate from surrounding struct... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Opiate withdrawal is treated with | [
"CPZ",
"Nalorphine",
"Pethidine",
"Methadone"
] | D | The withdrawal symptoms can be managed by one of the following methods: 1. Use of substitution drugs such as methadone to ameliorate the withdrawal symptoms. 2. Clonidine is a a2 agonist that acts by inhibiting norepinephrine release at presynaptic a2 receptors. 3. Naltrexone with Clonidine: Naltrexone is an orally ava... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Joint not involved in Rheumatoid arthritis according to 1987 modified ARA criteria? | [
"Knee",
"Ankle",
"Tarsometatarsal",
"Metatarsophalangeal"
] | C | According to 1987 modified ARA criteria : -
Arthritis of 3 or more joint areas: soft tissue swelling (arthritis) of 3 or more joint areas observed simultaneously by a physician. The 14 possible joint areas involved are, right or left:
Proximal interphalangeal
Metacarpophalangeal
Metatarsophalangeal
Wrist
Kne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intraocular calcification in eye in child ? | [
"Toxocara",
"Retinoblastoma",
"Angiomatosis retinae",
"Malignant melanoma of choroid"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Retinoblastoma In retinoblastoma, there are areas of necrosis and calcification. In the presence of calcification, endophytic retinoblastoma gives the typical 'cottage cheese' appearance. | train | med_mcqa | null |
While sharpening curettes and sickles, the internal angle
of _________ must be preserved between the face and lateral it
surface | [
"50-60",
"60-70",
"70-80",
"80-90"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
IOC for acute appendicitis in children | [
"USG",
"MRI",
"CECT",
"X ray"
] | A | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5-year-old girl is brought to your Primary Health care Centre of St. Johns office by her mother who states that the child has a runny nose, barking cough, and a sore throat. Your examination indicates that respiration is laboured. None of her three siblings is sick. The most probable viral cause of her symptoms is: | [
"Adenovirus",
"Influenza virus",
"Parainfluenza virus",
"RSV"
] | C | The child's symptoms are those found with croup caused by Parainfluenza virus. Acute Laryngo-Tracheo-Bronchitis / Croup: Causative organism:Parainfluenza virus type I and II. Symptoms: Upper respiratory tract infection with Hoarseness and croupy cough. Fever 39-40oC. Difficulty in breathing and inspiratory type of stri... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40-yr-old patient with a single kidney presents with a solitary exophytic mass of 4 cm localized at its lower pole. Which amongst the following is the best-recommended management option: | [
"Radical nephrectomy",
"Radical nephrectomy with dialysis",
"Radical nephrectomy with renal transplantation",
"Paial nephrectomy"
] | D | Paial nephrectomy is the preferred surgical approach for a small (<4cm) localized tumor; especially in patients with a functionally or anatomically solitary kidney. Paial nephrectomy should be considered in the following clinical situations: Renal masses less than 4cm (T1) Localized mass in a patient with a single kidn... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rapid method of chromosome identification in intersex is: | [
"FISH",
"PCR",
"SSCP",
"Karyotyping"
] | A | Ans. A. FISHCertain probes used in FISH hybridize to repetitive sequences located to the pericentromeric regions. These probes are useful for the rapid identification of certain trisomies in interphase cells of blood smears, or even in FISH requires prior knowledge of the one or few specific chromosomal regions suspect... | train | med_mcqa | null |
N-3 TNM staging of head and neck tumors shows: | [
"Metastasis in lymph nodes >2 cm",
"Metastasis in lymph nodes >5 cm",
"Metastasis in a lymph node >6 cm",
"None"
] | C | 8th AJCC (2017) TNM Classification of Carcinoma Lip & Oral Cavity Primary Tumor (T) Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Tis Carcinoma in situ. N1 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral LN, <3 cm in greatest dimension without extranodal extension T1 Tumor <2cm in greatest dimension & <5cm depth of invasion N2a Metastasis in a single i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
LHRH analogue used in breast cancer - | [
"Cetrorelix",
"Anastrazole",
"Leuprolide",
"Tamoxifen"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leuprolide o Among the given options only leuprolide is GnRH (LHRH/FSHRH) analogue. o Cetrorelix is GnRH antagonist, tamoxifen is SERM and anastrozole is aromatase inhibitor. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In HIV infected individual , Gram stain of lung aspirate shows yeast like morphology. All of the following are the most likely diagnosis except - | [
"Candida tropicalis",
"Cryptococcus neoformans",
"Pencillium marneffi",
"Aspergillus fumigatus"
] | D | Cryptococcus is yeast (GPRBYC: Gram positive round budding yeast cell) and candida (GPOBYC: Gram positive oval budding yeast cell) is yeast like fungus. Penicillium marneffi is a dimorphic fungi which can produce yeast like form (all dimorphic fungi have yeast form in host tissue). Aspergillus is neither a yeast nor ye... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient at 17 weeks gestation is diagnosed as having an intrauterine fetal demise. She returns to your office 5 weeks later and has not had a miscarriage, although she has had some occasional spotting. This patient is at increased risk for | [
"Septic abortion",
"Recurrent abortion",
"Consumptive coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia",
"Future infertility"
] | C | In modern clinical medicine, once the diagnosis of fetal demise has been made, the products of conception are removed. If, however, the gestational age is over 14 weeks and the fetal death occurred 5 weeks ago, coagulation abnormalities may be seen. Septic abortions were more frequently seen during the era of illegal a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24-year-old female graduate student repos increasing shoness of breath with exercise and has recently noticed dyspnea on mild activity. One day before presenting at the office, she experienced sudden loss of consciousness while shopping at a grocery store. On physical examination, vital signs are: pulse 88 bpm; tempe... | [
"A loud A2 on cardiac auscultation",
"Right arm swelling",
"Rib notching",
"A loud P2 on cardiac auscultation"
] | A | The lateral view shows that the anterior clear space behind the sternum is occupied above a poion of the lower one-third of the cardiac shadow. The truncus of the right pulmonary aery seen in front of the trachea is very large and the left main pulmonary aery coursing over the left upper lobe bronchus is greater than 1... | train | med_mcqa | null |
1 grayis - | [
"I rad",
"100 rad",
"1 rem",
"100 rem"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 100 rad o 100 Rad is equal to 1 gray or 1 rad is equal to 0[?]01 gray.Quantity measuredOld unitNew (SI) unit RadioactivityCurieBecquerel1 curie = 3[?]7 x 1010 Becquerel1 Becquerel = 2[?]7 x 10-11 curieRadiation exposureRoentgenColumb/cm Absorbed doseRadGray (Gy)100 rad = 1 Gray1 rad = 0[?]01 GrayDose ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
76 year old man presents with lytic lesion in the vebrae. X-Ray skull showed multiple punched out lesions. The diagnosis is | [
"Metastasis",
"Multiple myeloma",
"Osteomalacia",
"Hyperparathyroidism"
] | B | B i.e. Multiple Myeloma Old age, male sex & veebral involvement (lytic lesion) indicate towards diagnosis of Metastasis & Multiple myeloma. But Absence of primary and characterestic multiple punched out lesions on X-Ray skull is diagnostic of Multiple myelomaQ. Osteomalacia: - Looser's zoned or PseudofractureQ (Hallmar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest type of lung carcinoma in nonsmokers is - | [
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Alveolar cell carcinoma",
"Small cell carcinoma"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A lady with 32wks and 3 days of pregnancy presents with vaginal bleeding. A recent USG done on her mentioned a placenta pre. in which of the following situation it is possible to do a conservative management ? | [
"Fetal hea rate of 86/min",
"Intra Uterine Fetal Death",
"Transverse lie",
"Significant bleeding making mother hemodynamically unstable"
] | C | APH in placenta pre First episode of bleeding in placenta Pre usually subsides with conservative management in 90% of cases. Thus APH prior to 34 weeks may be managed conservatively. This is the basis of the Mcaffee Jhonsons conservative management in APH due to placenta pre Conservative management is contraIndicated w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Who gave the concept of well adapted crown? | [
"Winkler",
"Spedding",
"Webber",
"Wilkinson"
] | B | - The smallest crown that completely covers the preparation should be chosen.
- Spedding has advocated adhering to two important principles that will help consistently to produce well-adapted stainless steel crowns.
a. The operator must establish the correct occluso-gingival crown length; and
b. The crown margins shoul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common manifestation of HPV infection in children - | [
"Single papilloma",
"Multiple papillomatosis",
"Osteoma",
"Sarcoma"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Multiple papillomatosis o Multiple was are common. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common congenital cardiac abnormality associated with the maternal rubella infection during pregnancy is | [
"Atrial septal defect",
"Patent ductus aeriosus",
"Ventricular septal defect",
"Coarctation of aoa"
] | B | Congenital rubella syndrome characterized by PDA,PS,VSD. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition ,p.no:401 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year-old man develops the insidious onset of low back pain improved with exercise and worsened by rest. There is no history of diarrhea, conjunctivitis, urethritis, rash, or nail changes. On examination, the patient has loss of mobility with respect to lumbar flexion and extension. He has a kyphotic posture. Which... | [
"MRI of the lumbosacral spine showing spinal compression fractures associated with bony destruction.",
"An elevated sedimentation rate, a mild anemia on CBC, positive HLA-B27 in blood and sclerosis of the sacroiliac joints on plain films of the back.",
"A positive rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP, and an elevated C-... | B | As indicated in the question, insidious back pain occurring in a young male and improving with exercise suggests one of the spondyloarthropathies-ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (formerly termed Reiter syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, or enteropathic arthritis. In the absence of symptoms or findings to sugges... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the heterosexual trnsmission of HIV - | [
"There is greater risk of transmission from man to woman",
"There is greater risk of transmission from woman to man",
"Risk is equal in either ways",
"HIV infection is not transmitted by heterosexual act"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e.There is greater risk of transmission from man to woman | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following fractures is associated with high moality and morbidity? | [
"Femur shaft fractures",
"Pelcetabular fractures",
"Subtrochanteric fractures",
"Shaft tibia fractures"
] | B | Pelcetabular fractures are associated with high morbidity and moality because:They are caused by high-velocity injuries They can have associated compound fractures alongThere may be damage to associated pelvic and abdominal organsThere is significant blood loss present usually(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Medical termination of pregnancy, according to FDA, Misoprostol is given after how many hours of Mifepristone- | [
"24 hours",
"48 hours",
"72 hours",
"96 hours"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 48 hours Medical termination of pregnancy protocolsFDA approved protocol - (Original protocol)o 600 mg of mifepristone (i.e., 3 tablets) given orally on day 1 followed 2 days (48 hours) later by oral misoprostol 400 pg (2 tablets) on day 3. The treatment should be started no more than 48 days from the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nasopharynx consists of all except: | [
"Pyriform recess",
"Pharyngeal recess",
"Pharyngeal tonsil",
"Salpingopharyngeal fold"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is used in severe hypertensive emergencies, is very short acting and must be given by i.v. infusion ? | [
"Diazoxide",
"Hydralazine",
"Labetalol",
"Nitroprusside"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tram track calcification is feature of | [
"Sturge Weber syndrome",
"CMV",
"Paragonimus cyst",
"Corpus callosal lipoma"
] | A | Tram track calcification - Sturge weber.
Periventricular - CMV. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All nerves pass thorugh greater sciatic notch except ? | [
"Superior gluteal nerve",
"Inferior gluteal nerve",
"Sciatic nerve",
"Obturator nerve"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Obturator nerve | train | med_mcqa | null |
Indirect retainers in R.P.D are placed: | [
"In Line with the direct retainers",
"Are not necessary if direct retainers are given",
"Opposite side of the fulcrum Line of the denture base and away from the direct retainers",
"Opposite side of the fulcrum line of the denture base and close to the direct retainers."
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is supplied by the abdominal aoa? | [
"Accessory lung lobes",
"Bronchopulmonary segment",
"Sequestrated lung tissue",
"Base of lung"
] | C | A pulmonary sequestration (bronchopulmonary sequestration or cystic lung lesion), is a condition wherein a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary aerial blood supply, as is the case in normally developing lung. As a result, this sequestered tissue is not connected to ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about thyroid storm: | [
"Precipitated by infection in a hypothyroid patient",
"Treatment is delayed until thyroid function test results are known",
"Steroids should be withheld",
"Precipitated by surgery"
] | D | Ans. (d) Precipitated by surgeryRef: Schwartz, 10th edition Page 1534* Thyroid storm is due to inactive preparation of thyrotoxicosis before surgery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following leads to development of SIADH? | [
"Head trauma",
"Pituitary adenoma",
"Lithium",
"All of the above"
] | A | Causes of SIADH = 1. CNS infection 2. Trauma 3. Meningitis 4. Encephalitis 5. Ectopic Ca tumor Option B: Pit Adenoma = Prolactinoma (increase prolactin), | GH Option C: Lithium = Causes Nephrogenic diabetic insipidus -Manifestation of SIADH- Dilutional Hypernatremia Treatment of SIADH = Vaptan tolvaptan | train | med_mcqa | null |
THEME AND FOCUS: AMINO ACIDS Case Study: A female neonate did well until approximately 24 hours of age when she became lethargic. A sepsis workup proved negative. At 54 hours, she staed showing focal seizure activity. The plasma ammonia level was found to be 1,000 mmol/L (normal 5-35 mmol/L). Quantitative plasma amino ... | [
"Arginase.",
"Argininosuccinate lyase.",
"Argininosuccinate synthase.",
"Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I."
] | B | Genetic deficiencies of each of the five enzymes of the urea cycle, as well as deficiencies in N-acetyglutamate synthase, can lead to increase in plasma ammonia levels. The accumulation of argininosuccinate in the plasma of this patient means that the enzymes required for its synthesis are functional But the enzyme req... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements regarding acarbose is FALSE | [
"It acts by inhibiting the enzyme alpha -glucosidase",
"It reduces post prandial hyperglycemia",
"It decreases the progression of impaired tolerance to ove diabetes mellitus",
"It can cause hypoglycemia"
] | D | Refer Katzung 12/e p 759 Alpha glucosidase inhibitors reduces post prandial hyperglycemia by delaying glucose absorption This class of agents is unique because it reduces the post prandial glucose rise even in individuals with type 1 DM These drugs do not cause hypoglycemia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Uterine artery embolization can be employed in? | [
"Large fibroids",
"Uterine AVM",
"Intractable bleeding",
"All of the above"
] | D | Ans DIndications for UAE are:* Intramural fibroids less than 7 centimeters in size, especially in women who want to avoid surgery or are not fit for surgery due to extreme obesity.* Excessive bleeding during periods* Pain and pressure-related symptoms in the lower abdomen and pelvis, such as a feeling of bloatness, inc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What should be measured in a newborn who presents with hyperbilirubinemia – | [
"Total & Direct bilirubin",
"Total bilirubin only",
"Direct bilirubin only",
"Conjugated bilinibin only"
] | A | Bilirubin is a tetrapyrrole and a breakdown product of heme catabolism.
Most bilirubin (70%-90%) is derived from hemoglobin degradation and, to a lesser extent, from other hemoproteins. In the serum, bilirubin is usually measured as both direct bilirubin (DBil) and total-value bilirubin
Direct bilirubin correlates with... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common cause of a mixed cystic and solid suprasellar mass seen on cranial MR scan of a 10 years old child: | [
"Pituitary Adenoma",
"Craniopharyngioma",
"Optic chiasma glioma",
"Germinoma"
] | B | B i.e. Craniopharyngioma | train | med_mcqa | null |
A soft contact lens is made up of – | [
"PMMA",
"HEMA",
"Glass",
"Silicone"
] | B | Soft contact lenses are made up of hydroxymethylemthacrylate (HEMA). | train | med_mcqa | null |
A farmer working in the sugar cane industry comes to you for advice on how to prevent fungal infection (bagassosis) of the lung. His elder brother was diagnosed to have bagassosis 1 month ago. You would advise him to spray the sugar cane with which of the following? | [
"2% formic acid",
"2% acetic acid",
"2% propionic acid",
"10% hypochlorite solution"
] | C | Bagassosis is caused due to thermoactinomyces sacchari. The preventive measures include dust control, personal protection using masks etc. Pre Placement medical assessment followed by periodical medical check up and spraying the bagasse with 2% propionic acid. Keeping the humidity over 20% is also helpful. Ref: Park, E... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The main reason for replacing premature loss of primary anterior teeth | [
"Form and function",
"Speech and esthetics",
"Space maintenance",
"None of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25-year-old female presents with progressive dyspnea for one year. CXR shows interstitial opacities and spirometry shows an obstructive pattern. What is the diagnosis? | [
"Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis",
"Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis",
"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis",
"Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis"
] | B | Interstitial lung disease leads to the restrictive pattern on spirometry. However tuberous sclerosis and Lymphangioleiomyomatosis are exceptions and lead to an obstructive pattern. Pulmonary LAM presents in young females with emphysema, recurrent pneumothorax and chylous pleural effusion. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is least useful in Rx of "Overactive bladder"? | [
"Oxybutynin",
"Tolterodine",
"Duloxetine",
"Darifenacin"
] | C | Duloxitin is use in the treatment of stress incontinence. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person came to eye OPD for routine eye check u. On snellen's cha he was found to read 6/6. At what distance he should be able to read 6/24 | [
"36 m",
"24 m",
"6 m",
"1 m"
] | B | What does 6/6 mean in Snellen's cha * It means that the patient with or without glasses can see the letter at a distance of 6 m which a person normally should have been seeing at 6 m Now you would understand it by next example * 6/12 means a letter which a normal patient should be seeing at 12 metre , this patient can ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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