question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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A 31-year-old woman has experienced increasing malaise for the past 4 months. Physical examination yields no remarkable findings. Laboratory studies show total serum protein of 6.4 g/dL, albumin of 3.6 g/dL, total bilirubin of 1.4 mg/dL, AST of 67 U/L, ALT of 91 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase of 99 U/L. Results of serol... | [
"a1-Antitrypsin deficiency",
"Autoimmune hepatitis",
"Chronic alcoholism",
"HDV infection"
] | B | Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease of unknown cause in which antibodies to hepatocyte structural components cause progressive necrosis of hepatocytes, leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Patients tend to improve with glucocorticoid therapy. a1 -Antitrypsin deficiency and Wilson disease can lead to chro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common lymphoma associated with Sicca syndrome is | [
"DLBCL",
"MALToma",
"Burkitt lymphoma",
"Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma"
] | B | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following sire true regarding mesothelioma except: | [
"Bilaterally symmetrical",
"Associated with asbestos exposure",
"Histopathalogy shows biphasic pattern",
"Occurs in late middle age"
] | A | Ans. a. Bilaterally symmetrical Malignant Mesothelioma is multicentric tumor with multiple pleura-based nodules coalescing to form sheets of tumor (but not bilaterally symmetrical).Malignant Mesothelioma* Malignant mesothelioma is MC tumor of the pleura* In 20% of malignant mesotheliomas, the tumor arises from peritone... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about Kawasaki disease | [
"Strawberry tongue",
"Periungual desquamation",
"Self-limiting febrile illness",
"Unilateral, Suppurative cervical lymphadenopathy"
] | D | Kawasaki disease shows Unilateral, Non-suppurative cervical lymphadenopathy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The ‘a’ wave in venous waveform is absent in case of | [
"AV dissociation",
"Atrial fibrillation",
"Tricuspid incompetency",
"All of the above"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Superotemporal dislocation of lens is seen in - | [
"Marfan's syndrome",
"Homocystinuria",
"Weil Marchesani Syndrome",
"Alport's Syndrome"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Marfan's syndrome o Types of lens dislocations in various diseases :# Marfan syndrome - Superotemporal# Homocystinuria - Inferonasal# Weil-Marchesani syndrome - Forward | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24 years old female examined by an obstetrician in delivery room. Starting intravaginally, he injects lidocaine near the tip of the ischial spine. The nerve that is blocked by the drug is | [
"Genitofemoral nerve",
"Pudendal nerve",
"Obturator nerve",
"Iliohypogastric nerve"
] | B | Answer: (b) Pudendal nerve.* The ischium has a body and ramus (L. branch).* The body of the ischium helps form the acetabulum and the ramus of the ischium forms part of the obturator foramen.* The large postero-inferior protuberance of the ischium is the ischial tuberosity.* The small pointed posteromedial projection n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not associated with peripheral neuropathy - | [
"Urticaria pigmentosa",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Nitrofurantion",
"Infectious mononucleosis"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of these statements is false regarding snake bite? | [
"Anti snake venom is effective for pit viper",
"Cobra venom is neurotoxic",
"Atropine premedication should be used before administering neostigmine",
"ASV administration is done only after the test dose"
] | A | Anti- snake venom is not effective for pit viper. It is effective only for- 1. Common cobra 2. Russel's viper 3. Saw-sealed viper 4. Krait Cobra belongs elipidae family & is neurotoxic Atropine premedication should be used before administering neostigmine (which is used for cobra bite). Anti Snake Venom administration ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) causes | [
"| Blood volume",
"| Cardiac output",
"| Urine output",
"| Renin secretion"
] | A | (A) | Blood volume# Atrial distention and/or a sodium load cause release into the circulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a polypeptide; a high-molecular-weight precursor of ANP is stored in secretory granules within atrial myocytes.> Release of ANP causes:> Excretion of sodium and water by augmenting glomerul... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the most stable and most often used plane for the superimposition of lateral cephalograms in studying the growth of a child? | [
"Frankfort plane",
"S-N Plane",
"Mandibular plane",
"Occlusal plane"
] | B | Superimposition on SN
Brodie used sella–nasion line registered at ‘S’ as a method of orientation and superimposition of cephalograms. This is the most popular and practical method used for orientation and superimposition of lateral cephalograms. The ‘Sella’ was considered a stable point for it distinguishes cranial bas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Systemic metastasis is commonest in : | [
"Ovarian Carcinoma",
"Endometrial Carcinoma",
"Choriocarcinoma",
"Carcinoma cervix"
] | C | Choriocarcinoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Allopurinol is used in the treatment of: | [
"Osteoahritis",
"Gout",
"Rheumatoid Ahritis",
"Ankylosing spondylitis"
] | B | Allopurinol a xanthine oxidase inhibitor is used in the treatment of gout. By inhibiting xanthine oxidase it reduces uric acid synthesis. Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By KD Tripathi, 5th Edition, Page 191 - 2. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements best describes 'Background Radiation'? | [
"Radiation in the background of nuclear reactors",
"Radiation in the background during radiological investigations",
"Radiation present constantly from natural sources",
"Radiation from nuclear fall out"
] | C | Background radiation refers to those coming from the environment of natural radioactivity at the eahs surface and the those from direct cosmic radiation that arrives at the eahs surface. Ref: Radiation Biophysics By Edward L. Alpen, Page 432; The Biological Basis of Nursing : Cancer By William T. Blows, Page 54, 56 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cvek pulpotomy refers to: | [
"Partial pulpotomy",
"Cervical pulpotomy",
"Glutaraldehyde pulpotomy",
"Formocresol pulpotomy"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antabuse like effect caused by the oral hypoglycemic drug- | [
"Acrabose",
"Chlorpropamide",
"Metaformin",
"Gliclazide"
] | B | Chlorpropamide belogs to class of sulphonylureas of anti diabetic drugs . The antabuse reaction, seen in patients imbibing alcohol while being treated with an antidiabetic sulfonylurea, is thought to be due to either an increase in acetaldehyde levels or an alteration in the metabolism of serotonin. Both can occur thro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about nasopharyngeal angiofibroma are all except | [
"Commonly seen in girls",
"Hormonal etiology",
"Miller's sign positive",
"Radiotherapy can be given"
] | A | NASOPHARYNGEAL FIBROMA (JUVENILE NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA) CLINICAL FEATURES :- 1. Age and sex:- Tumour is seen almost exclusively in males in the age group of 10-20 years. Rarely, it may be seen in older people and females. 2. Profuse, recurrent and spontaneous epistaxis. This is the most common presentation. Patie... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dabigatran toxicity is treated by | [
"Protamine sulphate",
"Andexanet alfa",
"Idarucizumab",
"Argatroban"
] | C | Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat Dabigatran toxicity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of these is not a treatment option for a 29 year old patient with moderate to severe endometriosis? | [
"Danazol 200-400mg per day",
"LNG IUD",
"Hysterectomy",
"Inj leuprolide 3.75 mg monthly"
] | C | All mentioned drugs are used for medical management of endometriosis Drugs used for medical management of endometriosis NSAIDS Ibuprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid Combined pills Progestins Medroxyprogesterone, NET-EN, DMPA, LND-IUD, dienogest GnRH agonists Leuprolide, goserelin, buserelin, nafarelin GnRH antagonists Ce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Average age of menopause is: | [
"45 years",
"47 years",
"49 years",
"51 years"
] | D | Ans. is d, i.e. 51 yearsRef: Williams Gynae 3rd/ed, p471"The average age of women experiencing their final menstrual period (FMP) is 57.5 years, but a halt to menses from ovarian failure may occur at any age." | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following mechanisms might account for a reduced risk of upper genital tract infection in users of progestin - releasing IUDs, except: | [
"Reduced retrograde menstruation",
"Decreased ovulation",
"Thickened cervical mucus",
"Decrease incidence of surgical aboion"
] | B | Reducing ovulation will not have an effect on the incidence of PID. All other factors are helpful in reducing the physical transpo of bacteria like the thick cervical mucus. Decrease incidence of surgical aboions by prevention of unwanted pregnancy Reduction of menstruation with progesterones will eventually also reduc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fluid levels are not visible in - | [
"Meconeum ileus",
"Intussusception",
"Colon pouch",
"Duodenal obstruction"
] | A | Answer is 'a' i.e. Meconeum ileus In meconium ileus meconium is so thick that it is unable to form air-fluid level desptie complete small intestinal obstruction (Note the multiple air-fluid level is a feature of mechanical small bowel obstruction & paralytic ileus). | train | med_mcqa | null |
All except one leads to delayed puberty | [
"Kallman syndrome",
"McCune-Albright syndrome",
"Turners syndrome",
"Addison disease"
] | B | Mc Cune - Albright syndrome is characterised by precocious puberty. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a child, non-functioning kidney is Best dignosed by | [
"Ultrasonography",
"IVU",
"DTPA renogram",
"Creatinine clearance"
] | C | DTPA RENOGRAM : Inulin clearance remains the gold standard to measure GFR, but it is expensive, time consuming, an requires a steady-state plasma concentration and accurate and timed urine collection . 99&;Tc-DTPA is recommended agent is for GFR measurement. 5- 10% plasma protein binding, so it tends to underestimate t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following drugs are cell wall synthesis inhibitors except? | [
"Colistin",
"Fosfomycin",
"Bacitracin",
"Cycloserine"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Colistin | train | med_mcqa | null |
Crucible indicated for casting base metal alloys is: | [
"Carbon crucible",
"Clay crucible",
"Quartz crucible",
"High melting plastic crucible"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Haemoglobin cutoff to define anaemia in children aged 5-11 years is | [
"11 g/dl",
"11.5 g/dl",
"12 g/dl",
"13 g/dl"
] | B | Haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia are 11.0 g/dl for children 6-59 mo, 11.5 g/dl for children 5-11 yr, and 12.0 g/dl for children 12-14 yr. Cutoffs to define anaemia for nonpregnant women are 12.0 g/dl, 11.0 g/dl for pregnant women, and 13.0 g/dl for men. Reference: Nelson; Page no: 298 | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is diagnostic of fresh myocardial infraction in ECG | [
"QT interval prolongation",
"P mitrale",
"ST segment elevation",
"ST segment depression"
] | C | diagnostic changes of acute or evolving ischemia are often masked by the presence of left bundle branch block, electronic ventricular pacemaker patterns, and Wolff- Parkinson-White preexcitation. However, clinicians continue to over- diagnose ischemia or infarction based on the presence of ST-segment elevations or depr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency is? | [
"Deficiency of protease inhibitor",
"Autosomal recessive",
"May cause cholestatic jaundice",
"All of the above"
] | D | (255) All of the above REF: Robbin's 7th ed p. 913 Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency: Due to protease inhibitor deficiency Increased neutrophill elastase Neonatal cholestasis may occur, Hepatocellular carcinoma may also develop Pulmonary disease may occur in form of emphysema Gene located on chromosome 14 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diplotene and zygotene stages are seen in - | [
"Prophase",
"Metaphase",
"Anaphase",
"Telophase"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Prophase Meiosiso Meiosis is a process of cell division which is observed only during maturation of sex cells i.e. in final process of gamete formation.o Meiosis consists of tow consecutive divisions, Meiosis 1 and Meiosis II, to yield four haploid gamates from a single diploid grand parent cells.o He... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diffentiation of genital ridge takes place at ? | [
"2 months",
"3 months",
"4 months",
"5 months"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 2 months | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not seen in Aschoff bodies - | [
"Giant cell",
"Aschoff cells",
"Fibroblasts",
"Polymorphonuclear cells"
] | D | Aschoff bodies pathognomonic for rheumatic fever foci of swollen eosinophilic collagen surrounded by collections of lymphocytes (primarily T cells) plasma cells, and plump activated macrophages called Anitschkow cells Aschoff giant cells occasionally punctuating zones of fibrinoid necrosis ref robbins 9th ed page 391 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are mitochondrial disorders EXCEPT : | [
"MELAS",
"Kearns Sayre syndrome",
"NARP syndrome",
"Incontinentia pigmenti"
] | D | Mitochondrial DNA disorders MELAS- Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes Leigh syndrome Leber hereditary optic neuropathy Kearns Sayre syndrome NARP syndrome - Neuropathy, Ataxia & Retinitis Pigmentosa MERRF - Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers Whereas Incontinentia pigmenti (Blo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following conditions show hypehermia, EXCEPT: | [
"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome",
"Phencyclidine use",
"Aspirin toxicity",
"None of the above"
] | D | Causes of Hypehermia Syndromes: Heat Stroke Exeional: Exercise in higher than normal heat and/or humidity Nonexeional: Anticholinergics, including antihistamines; antiparkinsonian drugs; diuretics; phenothiazines Drug-Induced Hypehermia Amphetamines, cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of menorrhagia are all the following EXCEPT | [
"NSAIDS",
"Tranexamic acid",
"Norethisterone",
"Clomiphene"
] | D | MANGEMENT OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING 1st line NSAIDS - Mefenamic acid Antifibrinolytic agents Like Tranexamic acid Next: Hormones therapy - progesterone alone, oestrogen alone or COCPs, Androgens like Danazol & Testosterone GnRH agonist, Surgical Like : D & C , Uterine aery embolisation, Endometrial ablation, Endomet... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding pulmonary function test all are TRUE, EXCEPT | [
"Total lung volume increases in emphysema",
"Compliance decreases in interstitial lung disease",
"Compliance is total lung distensibility",
"FEV1 is forced expiratory rate at one minute"
] | D | Changes in lung function tests in obstructive lung diseases- Eg: Emphysema
TLC- Increase
RV- Increase
FRC- Increase
Peak expiratory flow rate- Decrease
FEV1- Decreased out of proportion to FVC (Forced vital capacity)
Forced expiratory vital capacity (FEVC)- Normal to slightly decreased
FEV1/FEVC- Decreased (May decreas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sulfonylurea group of drugs produce hypoglycemia due to all the following mechanisms except | [
"Increases release of insulin from islet tissue",
"Increases biosynthesis of insulin in islet tissues",
"Increases number of insulin receptors",
"Sensitization of cells of islets to glucose"
] | B | (Refer: Rang and Dale's Clinical Pharmacology, 7th edition, pg no: 380-383) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Angulation of a periodontal instrument refers to the | [
"angle between the face of the blade and the shank",
"angle between the shank and the shaft",
"angle between the face of the blade and the tooth surface",
"angle between the shank and the tooth surface"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Forward bending is seen in which posture in tetanus | [
"Opisthotonus",
"Orthotonus",
"Emprosthotonus",
"Pleurothotonus"
] | C | Different Postures in Tetanus :
Opisthotonus : Posterior muscles are acting more, so backward bending.
Orthotonus : Straight posture. Both front and back muscles are acting equally.
Emprosthotonus : Forward bending as front muscles are acting more.
Pleurothotonus : Lateral bending as lateral muscle act more. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Return of feility is delayed after cessation of oral contraception by : | [
"2 weeks",
"3 weeks",
"4 weeks",
"6 weeks"
] | D | Ans. is d i.e. 6 weeks Friends, no where it is exactly mentioned when feility returns after cessation of OCP's I am quoting what various books say Dutta : ovulation returns within 3 months of the drug stoppage in 90% cases. Shaw : 90% of women will have normal menstrual cycles within 6 months of stopping OCP, but retur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug given for antibiotic associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis and is part of anti H. Pylori treatment: | [
"Amoxicillin",
"Vancomycin",
"Metronidazole",
"Clotrimazole"
] | C | Ans. C. MetronidazoleTriple drug regimen given for H. Pylori include- clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole. Out of all these drugs metronidazole is drug of choice for pseudomembranous colitis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hurthle cells' are seen in - | [
"Agranulomatous Thyroiditis",
"Hashimoto' s Thyroiditis",
"Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid",
"Thyroglossal cyst"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is abnormal in classic hemorrhagic disease of newborn ? | [
"Platelet count",
"Thrombin time",
"Fibrinogen level",
"APTT"
] | B | Thrombin time | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dose of folic acid per day for treating megaloblastic anemia in pregnancy | [
"400 mg",
"5mg",
"1 mg",
"2 mg"
] | C | Folic acid deficiency in Pregnancy In nonpregnant women, the folic acid requirement is 50 to 100 mg/day During pregnancy, requirements are increased and 400 mg/day is recommended The earliest biochemical evidence is low plasma folic acid concentrations Normal serum folate levels Non Pregnant women: 5.4-18ng/ml 1st trim... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child with protein-energy malnutrition is brought to the outpatient depament. TRUE about Gomez classification of malnutrition of children is: | [
"Weight is compared with height",
"Height is the only parameter",
"Weight is the only parameter",
"It doesn't take account of height and weight"
] | C | The degree of malnutrition is almost always based on the child's percentage of standard weight for age. The child's weight is compared to that of a normal child (50th percentile) of the same age. It is useful for population screening and public health evaluations. Percent of reference weight for age = ((patient weight)... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements about Diazoxide is false? | [
"It acts by opening ATP dependent K+ channels in beta cells",
"It can cause hypoglycemia",
"It can be used to treat patients with insulinoma",
"It is used as an antihypeensive agent"
] | B | Diazoxide inhibits insulin release from beta cells and causes hyperglycemia. It acts on ATP sensitive K+ channels and causes aeriolar dilation Diazoxide is structurally a thiazide. Thiazides are diuretics which causes hyperglycemia (Ref- Essentials of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 8th Edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the common amino acid between urea cycle and TCA? | [
"Asparate",
"Alanine",
"Asparagine",
"Glutamate"
] | A | Ans. (a) AsparateRef: Satyanarayan Biochemistry, pg. 339Role of Aspartate in urea cycle:* Aspartate participates in urea cycle for condensation with citrulline to form Argino succinic acid. The reaction is catalyzed by Argino succinic acid synthetase (Asparate provides one out of the two nitrogens of urea, the other ni... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False regarding CA GB | [
"T1a: simple cholecystectomy",
"T1b: Extended cholecystectomy",
"T1a: Extended cholecystectomy if carcinoma in neck of gallbladder",
"Excision of po sites improves survival"
] | D | Treatment of carcinoma Gallbladder Gallbladder cancer: Incidental pathological finding after laparoscopic cholecystectomy T1a with negative cystic duct margin : No fuher therapy T1a with postive cystic duct margin : Reresection of cystic duct or CBD to negative margin T1b, T2, T3 tumor with no evidence of metastasis : ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Penile buccal coitus is: NEET 14,15 | [
"Sadism",
"Fetishism",
"Fellatio",
"Cunnilingus"
] | C | Ans. Fellatio | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement regarding carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are all except | [
"Noncompetitive and irreversible inhibitors",
"Noncompetitive and reversible inhibitors",
"Competitive and irreversible inhibitors",
"Competitive and reversible inhibitors"
] | B | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors exhibit no competition as they are not structural analogs and they bind weakly-reversible.They are called self limiting diuretics include acetazolamide and brinzolamide ,dorzolamide used in catamenial epilepsy,mountain sickness,glaucoma anle closure. Ref: KD T 7th ed pg 586 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blood Brain Barrier is/are formed by: | [
"Oligodendrocytes",
"Microglial cell",
"Astrocytes",
"Schwann cell"
] | C | C i.e. Astrocytes; E i.e. Neuroglia | train | med_mcqa | null |
A man presents with mass at duodenojejunal flexurs invading renal papillae. Histopathology repos it as lymphoma; true statement is: | [
"II E stage",
"III E Stage",
"IV E stage",
"Staging cannot be done until bone marrow examination is performed"
] | C | Involvement of another organ (kidney) by GI lymphoma of duodenojejunal flexure classifies it as a stage IV lymphomaGI lymphomas are staged using a modified Ann Arbor classification:IE: tumor confined to small intestineIIE: spread to regional lymph nodesIIIE: spread to non-resectable nodes beyond regional nodesIVE: spre... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient complains of muscle weakness. It was reversed on administration of neostigmine,because ? | [
"It blocks action of acetylcholine",
"It interferes with the action of amine oxidase",
"It interferes with the action of carbonic anhydrase",
"It interferes with the action of acetylcholine esterase"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., It interferes with the action of acetyl cholinesterase o Neostigmine acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme is involved in degradation of ACh, consequently neostigmine increases the synaptic level of ACh. Muscle weakness can be improved by stimulation of NM receptor at muscle ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is true of Spigelian hernia? | [
"It occurs exclusively in males.",
"It involves part of the circumference of the bowel wall.",
"It is best repaired by the classical Bassini technique of inguinal ligament repair.",
"It occurs at the lateral edge of the linea semilunaris."
] | D | Spigelian hernia occurs at the semilunar line, which extends along the lateral border of each rectus abdominis muscle. The posterior rectus sheath is deficient at the level of the arcuate line (semicircular line) about one-third of the distance between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis; this is the most common site... | train | med_mcqa | null |
3 point symmetry is NOT disturbed in which fracture | [
"Fracture ulna only",
"Fracture radius only",
"Fracture of radius & ulna both bones of forearm",
"Weak posterior capsule"
] | B | B i.e. Fracture radius only Weak posterior capsule may disrupt three point bony relation by promoting subluxation or dislocations of elbow. Fracture ulna on the upper end i.e. involving olecranon also disturb three point symmetry. But the radius has nothing to do with three point bony relationshipQ and so it will not d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a role of PEEP | [
"Improves oxygenation",
"Decreases cardiac output",
"Decreases atelectasis",
"Decreases the risk of pneumothorax"
] | D | PEEP prevents total collapse of alveoli at end exhalation. The stinting open of the alveoli prior to the next breath helps increase the amount of lung mass paicipating in gas exchange. PEEP decreases V/Q mismatch by decreasing atelectasis and thereby improves both oxygenation and ventilation. PEEP increases intrathorac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of hypertrophic keloid is - | [
"Face",
"Leg",
"Presternal area",
"Arm"
] | C | Keloids → It is a scar which shows extreme overgrowth so that scar tissues grows beyond the limits of original wounds and shows no tendency to resolve.
Keloids grow on particular sites, these are -
Central chests (probably most common, not sure)
Back
Shoulder
Earlobes
Other points about Keloids & hypertrophic scars ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The Helmholtz theory' of colour vision states tha | [
"There are three kinds of cones in the retina responding to the three primary colours",
"There are two kinds of cones called dominators and modulators.",
"There is only one kinds of cone and the colour is recognised only in area 17.",
"There are seven types of cones responding to the seven colours of the spec... | A | (A) There are three kinds of cones in the retina responding to the three primary colours > Hermann von Helmholtz developed the theory further in 1850: that the three types of cone photoreceptors could be classified as short-preferring (blue), middle-preferring (green), and long-preferring (red), according to their resp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A girl on sulphonamides developed abdominal pain and presented to emergency with a seizure. What is the probable cause? | [
"Acute intermittent porphyria",
"Congenital erythropoietic porphyria",
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"Kawasaki's disease"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glutathione peroxidase which protect erythrocytes against hemolysis contain the following element: | [
"Chromium",
"Manganese",
"Zinc",
"Selenium"
] | D | In red blood cells, the pentose phosphate pathway is the sole source of NADPH for the reduction of oxidized glutathione. Reduced glutathione removes H2O2 in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that contains the selenium analog of cysteine (selenocysteine) at the active site. The reaction is impoan... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Deep perineal pouch contains: | [
"Bulb of penis",
"Crura of penis",
"Bulbospongiosus",
"Cowpers gland"
] | D | DEEP PERINEAL POUCH CONTAINS Muscles Deep transverse perineal muscle External sphincter muscle of urethra External sphincter muscle of urethra(male) Compressor Urethrae Muscle(female) Urethrovaginal Sphincter (female) Other Membranous poion of the urethra (males) / proximal poion of urethra (females) Bulbourethral glan... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dense regular collagen is found in all except | [
"Ligament",
"Periosteum",
"Aponeurosis",
"Tendon"
] | B | Periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones,except at the joints of long bones. Periosteum consists of dense irregular connective tissue. Periosteum is divided into an outer "fibrous layer" and inner "cambium layer" (or "osteogenic layer"). The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the cambi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pitting of nails can be seen in - | [
"Tinea unguium",
"Alopecia areata",
"Androgenetic alopecia",
"Peripheral vascular disease"
] | B | Ans-B | train | med_mcqa | null |
Features associated with DNS include all of the following except - | [
"Epistaxis",
"Atrophy of turbinate",
"Hypertrophy of turbinate",
"Recurrent sinusitis"
] | B | If the deviated nasal septum is minor, the patient might be asymptomatic and may not even be aware of his/her condition. The following signs and symptoms might be seen if the deviation is more severe : -
Most common presenting features is nasal obstruction which may be unilateral or bilateral.
Congestion in the nose.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Burkitts lymphoma, translocation seen is chromosome- | [
"12-14 translocation",
"8 -14 translocation",
"4 - 8 translocation",
"12-18 translocation"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 8-14 translocation Chromosomal translocationsAssociated Neoplasmao 8-14 -Burkitfs lymphoma. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (FAB type L3) Immunoblastic B cell lymphomao 15-17-Promyelocytic leukemiao 4-11-Acute lymphocytic leukemiao 11-14-Chronic lymphocytic leukemiao 14-18-Some B cell lymphomaso 6-14-Cysta... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is a feature of narcolepsy- | [
"Insomnia",
"Hypersomnia at day time",
"Bimism",
"Somnambulism"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypersomnia at day time Narcolepsyo This is characterized by excessive day time sleepy often disturbed night time steep and disturbances in the REM sleep. Age of onset is between 10-20 years. There is irresistable desire to sleep and bouts of sudden sleep each Lasting for 10-30 minutes occuring during... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 67-year-old man with an 18-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents for a routine physical examination. His temperature is 36.9 C (98.5 F), his blood pressure is 158/98 mm Hg and his pulse is 82/minute and regular. On examination, the physician notes a non tender, pulsatile, mass in the mid-abdomen. A plain ... | [
"Diastolic pressure is greater in the abdominal aoa in the supine position",
"Negative intrathoracic pressure reduces aoic wall tension in the thorax",
"The average blood flow in the abdominal aoa is greater than that in the thoracic aoa",
"The average blood pressure in the abdominal aoa is higher than that i... | D | Increased blood pressure is a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis, and humans pay a price for their erect sitting and standing postures. In these postures, the abdominal aoa experiences the weight of a column of blood added to the pressure produced by the hea. In the supine posture, the pressures in the thoracic and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is not useful in the management of Postpaum Hemorrhage(PPH)? | [
"Mifepristone",
"Misoprostol",
"Oxytocin",
"Ergotamine"
] | A | Mifepristone is a progestin analogue and it blocks the effects of progesterone. It is used as a medical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester and as a post-coital contraceptive. While misoprostol, oxytocin and ergotamine are oxytocics and as uterine stimulants are used in the management of postpaum hemorrhage... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal anion gap is (in mEq/L) ? | [
"5-Mar",
"12-Oct",
"18-20",
"25-30"
] | B | Ans. is `b' i.e., 10-12 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a front line antihypeensives - | [
"Enalapril",
"Hydrochlohiazide",
"Amlodipine",
"Atenolol"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Atenolol Firstlinean-Wnsivechli drugs o First line antihypeensive agents are the drugs, which are choosen for initiation of therapy. 1. Thiazide diuretics (e.g., Hydrochlohiazide) 2.ACE inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril) 3. Angiotensin H receptor antagonists 4. Calcium channel blocker (e.g., amlodipine) Bet... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements are true regarding stargazer breech fetus except | [
"Forceps are indicated for delivery",
"Fetal head is hyperextended",
"Cesarean delivery is safest route for delivery",
"Cervical spinal cord can be injured during vaginal delivery"
] | A | Stargazer breech (Flying fetus) is when head is in extreme hyperextension. Cesarean route is thus indicated since vaginal delivery results in injury to cervical spinal cord. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blood flow through a vessel varies directly with | [
"Resistance",
"Viscosity",
"Difference of pressure",
"Length of vessel"
] | C | Blood flow is directly proportional to
- Pressure gradient
- Radius
Blood flow is inversely proportional to
- Viscosity
- Length
- Resistance | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nerve injured in fibular neck fracture- | [
"Common peroneal",
"Tibial",
"Sural",
"Femoral"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mosquitoes decrease as height increases ? | [
"Positive correlation",
"Negative correlation",
"Bidirectional",
"Zero"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Negative correlation o This is a negative correlation, i.e. when height increases the mosquitoes decrease. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient presented with loss of sensations in the lateral three and a half fingers. Which of the following will be an additional finding in this patient? | [
"Opponens paralysis",
"Loss of sensation on hypothenar eminence",
"Atrophy of adductor pollicis",
"None of the above"
] | A | This is the case of median nerve injury; sensation is lost over area supplied by median nerve. Findings: Injury or compression of median nerve at wrist (e.g. Carpal tunnel syndrome) can be tested by 1. Pen test for abductor pollicis brevis there is inability to touch the pen kept above the palm by thumb abduction 2. Ap... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Decrease in weight for height indicates? | [
"Acute malnutrition",
"Chronic malnutrition",
"Both acute and chronic malnutrition",
"Sho stature"
] | A | Decrease in weight for height indicates Acute malnutrition Decrease in height for age indicates chronic malnutrition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Detected by stool examination except - | [
"Staphyloccous food poisoning",
"Giardiasis",
"Fungus",
"None"
] | D | Ans. is None . All given options can cause diarrhea and stool examination is impoant for diagnosis. "Examination of stool sample is an impoant supplement to the narative history". | train | med_mcqa | null |
Open reduction and internal fixation is done for all of the following fractures except: | [
"Patella fracture",
"Olecranon fracture",
"Volar Baon's fracture",
"Fracture lateral condyle of humerus"
] | C | In patellar and olecranon fracture TBW is done In Volar Baon an attempt of closed reduction can be carried out . if it fails , open reduction and plating is done. Although recently it has been shown that operative results yield better results, but for all other fractures open reduction and internal fixation is carried ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In epidemic, 1st step is - | [
"Verification of diagnosis",
"Isolation",
"Immunization",
"Notification"
] | A | Investigation of an epidemic: Verification of diagnosis Confirmation of the existence of an epidemic Defining the population at risk Rapid search for all cases and their characteristics Data analysis Formulation of hypothesis Testing of hypothesis Evaluation of ecological factor Fuher investigation of population at ris... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following organism is most commonly responsible for ascending cholangitis? | [
"E.coli",
"Streptococci",
"Pseudomonas",
"Anerobes"
] | A | The commonest causative organism is E.coli. Though Klebsella, Pseudomonas, Enterococci etc also produce the condition. Charcot's triad is a set of three common findings in cholangitis: abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Reynolds' pentad includes the findings of Charcot's triad with the presence of septic shock and me... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug avoided in patient with non-ketotic hyperglycemia with seizure is - | [
"Carbamazepine",
"Valporate",
"Phenytoin",
"Clobazam"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diagnostic power of the test is reflected by- | [
"Sensitivity",
"Specificity",
"Reliability",
"Predictivity"
] | D | Ref:Parks 25th edition pg 153 Predictive value reflects the diagnostic power of a test. Positive predictive value indicates the probability that a patient with a positive test result has, in fact, the disease in question. The more prevalent disease in a given population, the more accurate will be the predictive value o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pathologist repos the presence of koilocytotic atypia in a cervical biopsy from a 25 year old woman. On the basis of this histopathologic finding, which of the following conditions does this patient most likely have? | [
"Chlamydia infection",
"Gonococcal infection",
"Herpes simplex virus infection",
"Human papillomavirus infection"
] | D | Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of condyloma, which may occur on any mucocutaneous surface of the male or female external genitalia. Squamous epithelial cells infected by HPV show characteristic nuclear and cytoplasmic changes, referred to as koilocytosis or koilocytotic atypia, on tissue sections or Pap smears... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common retrobulbar orbital mass in adults | [
"Neurofibroma",
"Meningioma",
"Cavernous haemangioma",
"Schwannoma"
] | C | C i.e. Cavernous haemangioma The cavernous haemangioma is the most common benign orbital tumor in adultsQ, with a female preponderance of 70%. Although it may develop anywhere in orbit, it most frequently occurs with in the muscle cone just behind the globeQ. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Male patient present to the hospital with abdominal pain and is incidentally detected with an abdominal aoic aneurysm what is the appropriate management ? | [
"immediately surgery",
"Monitor till size reaches 40mm",
"USG monitoring till size of the aneurysm reaches 70mm",
"Monitor till size reaches 55mm"
] | D | 55mm is the critical diameter of our abdominal aoic aneurysm and surgery should be done even in asymptomatic patients at this level. ref : bailey and love 27th ed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Duffy blood group antigen negativity confers protection against infection by: September 2012 | [
"Plasmodium falciparum",
"Plasmodium vivax",
"Plasmodium ovate",
"Plasmodium malariae"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. Plasmodium vivax Duffy antigen/Chemokine receptor (DARC)/ Fy glycoprotein (FY) or CD234 (Cluster of Differentiation 234) It is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DARC gene. The Duffy antigen is located on the surface of red blood cells, and is named after the patient in which it was discovered. The ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nux vomica seeds contain 2 alkaloids, strychine and- | [
"Hyoscine",
"Hyoscyamine",
"Brucine",
"Atropine"
] | C | Nux vomica seeds contain strychine, brucine and loganin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tooth movement is primarily a phenomenon involving: | [
"Pulp",
"Periodontal ligament",
"Dentin",
"Cementum"
] | B | PDL ligament is primarily associated with orthodontic tooth movement. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Folding of protein chain is due to: | [
"Amide bond",
"Hydrogen bond",
"Phosphodiesterase bond",
"Disulphide bond"
] | B | Hydrophobic residues are largely buried in the protein interior, away from water and the number of hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions within protein is maximized, thus reducing the number of hydrogen bonding & ionic group that are not paired with suitable partner.
Because of favourable free energy change and coopera... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In fetal circulation, pulmonary vascular resistance is more than systemic vascular resistance. At which stage, it becomes normal to adult level? | [
"4-10 weeks",
"3-7 weeks",
"10-14 weeks",
"20-22 weeks"
] | A | By 2 months of age, pulmonary resistance may approximate adult levels.
“Immediately after birth, the lungs expand with air, dropping the pulmonary vascular resistance; and as the placenta is disconnected from the systemic circuit, the systemic resistance nearly doubles. The pulmonary arterioles continue to change gradu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cori's cycle is concerned with transport of - | [
"Alanine",
"Glutamate",
"Lactate",
"None"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lactate Cori cycle Q or lactic acid cycleo Anaerobic glycolysis in muscles results in the production of lactate, which cannot be converted into glucose, as gluconeogenesis does not occur in muscles Q. Through blood, lactate is transported to the liver where it is oxidized to pyruvate. Pyruvate so prod... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40 yr. old male patient presented with chronic history of breathlessness and intermittent jaundice. He denies any smoking and alcohol abuse. Lung and liver specimens revealed the following findings respectively Which of the following pooled plasma human concentrates have been approved for the above condition: - | [
"Prolastin",
"Aralast",
"Zamaira",
"All of the above"
] | C | The lung specimen reveals diffusive panacinar emphysema. The liver biopsy shows PAS positive diastase resistant deposits. Both the above clues point towards option C. Human plasma concentrates approved are: - A. Prolastin B. Aralast C. Zamaira | train | med_mcqa | null |
To achieve neonatal tetanus elimination, incidence of neonatal tetanus per 1000 live bih should be reduced to less than- | [
"0.1",
"0.5",
"0.5",
"1"
] | A | <p> NNT elimination (<0.1% per 1000LB). NNT control(<1/1000 LB). Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:311. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25-year-old patient came to medicine OPD with complaints of sore throat and a slightly itchy rash. On examination, pharyngeal erythema with bilateral tender cervical lymphadenopathy is noted. Throat swab is sent for microbiological examination. Peripheral blood film revealed the following finding. Which of the follow... | [
"Hodgkin disease",
"Burkitt's lymphoma",
"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma",
"B cell lymphoma (immunocompetent patient)"
] | D | The clinical scenario and atypical lymphocytosis on PBF or a diagnosis of EBV infection. It is the cause for heterophile positive infectious mononucleosis. It is also associated with few tumours like Hodgkin disease, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal CA and b cell lymphoma in patients with immunodeficiency. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient on spirometry shows FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 >=30% but <50% predicted. Patients diagnosis according to GOLD criteria is? | [
"Mild COPD",
"Moderate COPD",
"Severe COPD",
"Very severe COPD"
] | C | Patient with these findings FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 >=30% but <50% predicted suggestive of diagnosis of Severe grade of COPD GOLD Stage Severity Spirometry I Mild FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 >=80% predicted II Moderate FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 >=50% but <80% predicted III Severe FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 >=30% but <50% predicted ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Same aminoacid is coded by multiple codons due to following | [
"Degeneracy",
"Frame-shift mutation",
"Transcription",
"Mutation"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A girl for chronic ear discharge, pain on ocular movements and veigo underwent mastoidectomy. There was no relief post-operatively and continuous purulent ear discharge was seen. Patient also had sensorineural hearing loss. The most probable diagnosis would he: | [
"Suppurative labyrinthitis",
"Apical petrositis",
"Serous labyrinthitis",
"Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis"
] | B | Ans. b. Apical petrositis | train | med_mcqa | null |
In unilateral Afferent pupillary defect, when light is moved from normal to affected eye, there is - | [
"Dilatation in affected side and constriction in normal eye",
"Dilatationin normal eye andc onstriction in affected side",
"Dilatation in both pupils",
"Constriction in both pupils"
] | C | Affetent signals don&;t reach the brain, so expected pupillary constriction will not be seen on the affected eye on showing the light. Normal eye will dilate. So both eyes dilated. Ref: Ref: AK Khurana 4thE pg:292 | train | med_mcqa | null |
To facilitate the screening of visual-acuity, WHO defines blindness as counting fingers at a distance of: September 2006 and September 2010 | [
"1 meter",
"3 meters",
"6 meters",
"9 meters"
] | B | Ans. B: 3 meters The WHO proposed a uniform criterion and defined blindness as "visual acuity of less than 3/ 60 (Smellen) or its equivalent" . In order to facilitate the screening of Visual acuity by non-specialized personnel, in the absence of appropriate vision chas, the WHO has now added the "inability to count fin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best skin disinfectant for central line insertion - | [
"Povidone iodine",
"Alcohol",
"Chlorhexidine",
"Cetrimide"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chlorhexidine o "Chlorhexidine is now the disinfectant recommended for all catheter placement procedures and for routine site cleansing during dressing changes."- Comprehensive Hospital Medicine: An Evidence-Based And Systems Approach By Mark V Williams, Scott A. Flanders, p320o "Use of antiseptic sol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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