question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Diapedesis is | [
"Immigration of leukocytes through the basement membrane",
"Immigration of leukocytes through the endothelial gap to the site of inflammation",
"Aggregation of platelets at the site of inflammation",
"Auto-digestion of the cells"
] | B | Diapedesis is immigration of leukocytes through the endothelial gap to the site of inflammation.It occurs mainly in postcapillary venules except in lung where it occurs in capillaries.Robbins 9th edition p 76 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presents with acute anterior wall infarction and hypotension. Which will be the immediate treatment modality for this patient? | [
"Intra aoic balloon counter pulsation",
"Anticoagulation",
"Thrombolytic therapy",
"Angiography and Primary angioplasty"
] | D | Within the first 12 hours of MI, immediate coronary angiography and primary percutaneous intervention is the treatment of choice for patients presenting with ST elevated MI. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Page 1453 & 1460; 17th Edition, Page 1537; Davidson's Principles and Practice of Me... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prevalence of a disease is: | [
"Rate",
"Ratio",
"Proportion",
"Deviation"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presenting with abdominal pain, blood in stools and a palpable mass on examination. A Barium Study was performed, probable diagnosis is? | [
"Meckel's Diveiculum",
"Intussusception",
"Volvulus",
"Diveiculitis"
] | B | The above shown image of barium study shows"Coiled spring appearance", which is characterstic of Intussusception. INTUSSUSCEPTION It is a condition in which one segment of intestine telescopes inside of another, causing an intestinal obstruction. It usually presents with nausea, vomiting,pain abdomen with blood in stoo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Caseous necrosis in granuloma not found in | [
"Tuberculosis",
"Leprosy",
"CMV",
"Wegener's granulomatosis"
] | A | Caseous necrosis is found in the centre of foci of tuberculous infections.(Ref: Textbook of Pathology HARSH MOHAN 6th Edition page no.45) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Atypical (Second generation or newer) antipsychotics are: | [
"Aripiprazole",
"Risperidone",
"Olanzapine",
"All"
] | D | A, B, C i.e. Aripiprazole, Risperidone, Olanzapine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fibrin is degraded by- | [
"Plasminogen",
"Thromboplastin",
"Plasmin",
"FD"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Plasmin Fibrinolvtic system o Coagulation must be balanced with fibrinolysis to limit the hemostatic plug to the site of injury. o Injured vascular endothelium secret plasminogen activator that conves inactive plasminogen to active plasmin. o Plasmin breaks down fibrin resulting in production of fibri... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Micelles are formed by: | [
"Triacylglycerol in polar solvent",
"Amphipathic lipids in water",
"Triacylglycerol in gut",
"Cholesterol esters"
] | B | Bile salts, when in high enough concentration in water, have the propensity to form micelles, which are small spherical, cylindrical globules 3 to 6 nanometers in diameter composed of 20 to 40 molecules of bile salt. These develop because each bile salt molecule is composed of a sterol nucleus that is highly fat-solub... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hemoglobin first appears in | [
"Early normoblasts",
"Intermediate normoblasts",
"Late normoblasts",
"Reticulocytes"
] | A | Hb synthesis sta in the stage of intermediate normoblast and then its content increase rapidlyRef: Medical Physiology Indu Khurana 2015 edition page No:106 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Heart failure cells are found in - | [
"Myocardium",
"Lungs",
"Liver",
"Spleen"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
One of the following is not true about melatonin: | [
"Induces sleep",
"Used in treatment of jet lag syndrome",
"Is secreted by pituitary",
"Is a pineal hormone"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20-year-old boy came with complaints of sudden pain in the left eye with loss of vision. On examination, left eye cornea was hazy and on looking down, there was a bulging in the lower eyelid. Retinoscopy shows scissoring reflex and oil drop sign was positive in both eyes, what is the diagnosis? | [
"Corneal dystrophy",
"Keratoconus",
"Pathological myopia",
"Keratoglobus"
] | B | Ans: (b) KeratoconusRef: Kanski, Clinical Ophthalmology, 8th edition, Page 218-220; A.K. Khurana's Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, Page 131KERATOCONUSDefined as non-inflammatory bilateral ectactic condition of cornea in which the cornea assumes a conical shape secondary to stromal thinning and protrusion.The ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a 6-year-old child with burns involving whole of head and trunk, the estimated body surface area involved: JIPMER 09 | [
"44%",
"48%",
"55%",
"58%"
] | B | Ans. 48% | train | med_mcqa | null |
Number of ATP generated in one TCA cycle ? | [
"2",
"8",
"10",
"11"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 10 In a single TCA cycle 10 molecules of ATP are produced (12 molecules according to older calculations). One turn of the TCA cycle, staing with acetyl CoA produces 10 ATPs. When the staing molecule is pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate yield... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cervical hostility is tested by following except: | [
"Spinbarkeit",
"Post coital test",
"Miller kuzrole test",
"Keller test"
] | D | Post coital test and miller kurzrok test can detect cervical hostility as noted by rotatory/shaky movement of the sperm in post coital test, or < 3 cm of penetration of cervical mucus in 30 minutes in miller kurzrok test.
Spinbarkeit is basically a test for assessing ovulation: At the time of ovulation, the cervical mu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulp necrosis is most likely to occur after which of the following injury: | [
"Midroot fracture.",
"Intrusive luxation.",
"Concussion.",
"Complete crown fracture."
] | B | These injuries cause severe damage to the neurovascular bundle and to the periodontium. The blood supply and neurovascular tissues are crushed completely and, in teeth with partially to completely closed apices, the pulpal prognosis is extremely poor, with almost a 100% probability of pulpal necrosis. Because of the se... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal serum uric acid levels in males is | [
"3.1 - 7 mg/dl",
"2.5-5.6 mg/dl",
"1.2-3.3 mg/dl",
"1.8-4.4 mg/dl"
] | A | serum uric acid male 3.1-7.0 mg/dL female 2.5-5.6 mg/dL Ref: RAM DAS NAYAK EXAM PREPARATORY MANUAL FOR UNDERGRADUATES 2nd ed. pg no: 784 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most potential route for spread of infection from CNS to inner ear | [
"Vestibular aqueduct",
"Cochlear aqueduct",
"Endolymphatic sac",
"Hyle fissure"
] | B | Cochlear aqueduct is most potential route for spread of infection from CNS to inner earQ Cochlear aqueduct & vestibular aqueduct are 2 bony channels (canals) that connect inner ear (cochlea & vestibule respectively) to intracranial sub arachnoid space. Vestibular aqueduct contains endolymphatic duct filled with endolym... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which statement considering the relations of nerves to the humerus is the most accurate?, | [
"The axillary nerve runs around the anatomical neck.",
"The median nerve runs in the spiral groove.",
"Mid-shaft humeral fractures will usually result in complete paralysis of triceps.",
"Deltoid may atrophy following shoulder dislocation."
] | D | d. Deltoid will atrophy as a result of severe damage to the axillary nerve, which may occur following dislocation of the shoulder. The axillary nerve also innervates teres minor and skin over the lateral side of the proximal pa of the arm. Sensory loss in this area suggests nerve damage. a. The axillary nerve (C5, C6) ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Examination of a skin lesion demonstrates very abnormal squamous cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and clumped chromatin. These cells form nests within the epidermis that extend to the superficial surface of the epithelium. In some places, nests of these cells have central areas of abnormal keratin formation.... | [
"Carcinoma in situ",
"Dysplasia",
"Invasive carcinoma",
"Metaplasia"
] | A | The lesion is an example of carcinoma in situ. The presence of keratin pearls and the distribution of abnormal cells all the way to the top of the epidermis distinguish this lesion from simple dysplasia, in which abnormal cells are seen only in the lowermost layers of the epidermis. Invasive carcinoma would be indicate... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following tracts is concerned with pain and temperature? | [
"Pyramidal tract",
"Anterior spinothalamic tract",
"Lateral spinothalamic tract",
"Dorsal spinocerebellar tract"
] | C | Sensation carried
Posterior column (Dorsal column)
Proprioception (Position of body or limb, the position of joint)
Fine touch (two point discrimination, topognosis, stereognosis)
Vibration
Kinesthesia
Anterolateral system
Anterior spinothalamic tract → Crude touch
Lateral spinothalamic tract → Pain, Temperature | train | med_mcqa | null |
Paragangliomas may show production of - | [
"ACTH",
"Catecholamines",
"GH",
"ADH"
] | B | When pheochromacytomas arise at extra-adrenal site, they are referred to as paraganglioma.
Paravertebral paragangliomas secrete catecholamines.
Note -chemodectomas usually do not secrete catecholamines. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Exudative plaques in the form of or "pseudomembranes" are due to: | [
"Esch coli",
"Clostridium difficile",
"Salmonella",
"Campylobacter jejuni"
] | B | Clostridium difficile | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient develops hypoglycemia. He was on insulin and acarbose. For treatment of above what is to be given aEUR' | [
">Glucose",
"> Maltose",
"> Sucrose",
">Starch"
] | A | Glucose Hypoglycemic reactions are the most common complication of insulin therapy. It commonly result from: ? - Inadequate carbohydrate consumption - Unusual physical exeion - Too large dose of insulin Management of hypoglycemia All the manifestations of hypoglycemia are relieved by glucose administration. To increase... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Compression ventilation ratio in case of Neonatal CPR:- | [
"3:01",
"15:02",
"30:02:00",
"100:08:00"
] | A | Ratio of CPR administration Adult - 30 : 2 (1 or 2 Rescuer) Paediatrics(Child) -30 : 2 (1 Rescuer) - 15 : 2 (2 Rescuer) Neonate - 3 : 1 (2 Rescuer mandatory) | train | med_mcqa | null |
The tumour, which may occur in the residual breast; or overlying skin following wide local excision and radiotherapy for mammary carcinoma is: | [
"Leiomyosarcoma",
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Basal cell carcinoma",
"Angiosarcoma"
] | D | Ans. (d) Angiosarcoma(Ref: Sabiston 19/e p845)* Post mastectomy and adjuvant RT results in Lymphedema of Arms.* This lymphedema of upper limb may get converted to lymphangiosarcoma-known as Stewart Treves Syndrome* Treatment - Forequarter amputation.* Has very bad prognosis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sentinel surveillance is done for: September 2003 | [
"Missed cases",
"Subclinical case",
"Index cases",
"Prodromal infection cases"
] | A | Ans. A i.e. Missed cases | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is NOT true about amniotic fluid index (AFI)? | [
"It is calculated by adding the veical depths of the largest pocket in each of four equal uterine quadrants",
"Fluid restriction may lower the AFI",
"Significant hydramnios is defined by an index greater than 24 cm",
"There is steady increase in AFI after 36 weeks"
] | D | Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is calculated by adding the veical depths of the largest pocket in each of four equal uterine quadrants. Significant hydramnios is defined by an index greater than 24 cm. Fluid restriction or dehydration may lower the AFI. Peak AFI is seen at approximately 32 weeks followed by a steady declin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic feature of acute inflammation is: | [
"Vasoconstriction",
"Vascular stasis",
"Vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability",
"Margination of leucocytes"
] | C | . Vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability | train | med_mcqa | null |
Centrally acting sympatholytic agent used as antihypertensive agent | [
"Propranolol",
"Clonidine",
"Prazosin",
"Phenoxybenzamine"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vaccine against capsulated organism given how many weeks before splenectomy ? | [
"1 week",
"2 week",
"4 week",
"6 week"
] | B | Answer- B. 2 weekPneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV) vaccination; If elective splenectomy is planned, vaccinate at least 2 weeks before surgery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Systoiic thrill in left 2nd or 3rd intercostal space is heard in which of the following conditions ? | [
"Sub pulmonic VSD",
"TOF",
"Ebstein's anomaly",
"Pulmonary stenosis"
] | D | Pulmonary stenosis produces Ejection systolic murmur. It stas after S1, peaks at mid-systole and ends before S2. Best heard in pulmonary area. Ref: Harrison&;s 20th edition pg 1445 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hospital acquired organisms are all except - | [
"Staphylococcus",
"Acinetobacter",
"Streptococcus",
"Pseudomonas"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Receptor on neural membrane that induces development of Glioma- | [
"CD133",
"CD33",
"CD48",
"CD44"
] | A | Therefore CD133 is also used as a tumor marker in gliomas. | train | med_mcqa | null |
ANCA is most specific and sensitive marker for | [
"Idiopathic cresteric glomerlunephritis",
"Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis",
"Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis",
"Focal segmental Glomerulunephritis"
] | A | Robbins 9/e p 910-911 merulonephritis and cases of crescentic glomerulone- phritis that occur as a component of systemic vasculitis, and the similar pathologic features in either setting, have led to the idea that these disorders are pathogeneti- cally related. According to this concept, all cases of crescentic glomeru... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The minimum amount of tooth demineralization required for radiographic detection of dental caries is | [
"20%",
"40%",
"60%",
"80%"
] | B | Lesions confined to enamel may not be evident until approximately 30% to 40% demineralization has occurred. For this reason, the actual depth of penetration of a carious lesion is often deeper than seen in the image.
Oral radiology by White & Pharaoh 7th ed. Page no 288 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Change in pitch of sound is produced by which muscle? | [
"Post cricoarytenoids",
"Lateral cricoarytenoids",
"Cricothyroid",
"Vocalis"
] | C | The muscle responsible for charge in pitch of voice is cricothyroid | train | med_mcqa | null |
Uveal Effusion syndrome may be associated with all of the following, Except: | [
"Myopia",
"Ciliochoroidal detachment",
"Structural defect in Sclera",
"Nanophthalmos"
] | A | A i.e. Myopia Uvea effusion syndrome may be associated with small hypermetropic eyes but it is not associated with MyopiaQ. Ciliochoroidaliffusion (tachment) = CCE It is collection of fluid in the potential space between the sclera externally and the choroids and ciliary body internally. The fluid is usually located wi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to 2005 AHA guidelines true about no of chest compression in CPR: | [
"80/min including neonate",
"90/min including neonate",
"100/min excluding neonate",
"120/min including neonate"
] | B | B i.e., 90/min including neonates American hea association (AHA) guidelines for CPR New born Infant Children Adult Compression rate 90/minQ Aprox 100/min Aprox 100/min Aprox 100/min Compression Ventilation ratio 3 : 1 15: 2 (2 rescuer) 30: 2 (or 15:1) (Single rescuer) 30:2 (or 15: 1) (1 or 2 rescuer) | train | med_mcqa | null |
You expect a patient in the oliguric phase of renal failure to have a 24 hour urine output less than | [
"200ml",
"400ml",
"800ml",
"1000ml"
] | B | Oliguria is defined as urine output of less than 400ml/24hours | train | med_mcqa | null |
Voyeurism is ? | [
"Sexual gratification by watching the act of sexual intercourse",
"Use of such objects for sexual gratification",
"Sexual gratification is by self pain",
"Sexual gratification by rubbing private pa"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sexual gratification by watching the act of sexual intercourse Voyeurism ( Scoptophilia, Peeping tom) : Sexual gratification is obtained by looking at the sexual organs of other persons, watching the act of sexual intercourse, or witnessing undressing by a woman. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug which does not interfere with folic acid metabolism- | [
"Phenytoin",
"Gabapentin",
"Phenobarbitone",
"Primidone"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., GabapentinDrugs causing folate deficiencyInterference with folic acid absorptionInhibition of dihydrofolate reductaseImpair folate metabolismo Phenytoino Phenobarbitone\o Primidoneo Sulfasalazineo Cotrimoxazoleo Methotrexateo Pyrimethamineo Triametereneo Pentamidineo Trimethoprimo Alcohol | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following may lead to corneal opacity in newborn except | [
"Endothelial dystrophy",
"Sclerocornea",
"Mucopolysaccharidosis",
"Droplet keratopathy"
] | D | D. i.e. Droplet keratopathy Droplet keratopathy also k/a climatic / actinic/ oil-droplet keratopathy is a degenerative condition common in those exposed to a hot, dry, dusty environment and outdoor activity in the sun such as farmerQ. It affects exposed interpalpebral poion of cornea sparing the limbal area. The superf... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 21 year old lady who is on an oral contraceptive pill presents with light brown pigmentation of the malar eminences. What is the likely diagnosis? | [
"Haemochromatosis",
"Systemic Lupus Erythematosis",
"Melasma",
"Melanoma"
] | C | Melasma is light brown pigmentation of the skin which is harmless. They are gradually blotchy macular hyperpigmentation especially of the malar surfaces, chin or forehead. Origin can be pregnancy related to the use of Oral Contraceptives. A good number of cases are idiopathic. They are self limiting after pregnancy and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most sensitive and specific marker for MI is? | [
"Troponin",
"Cytokeratin",
"Myoglobin",
"CPK-MM"
] | A | Ref: Harrison 20th edition, P 384Cardiac specific markers of myocardial damage include quantitative determination of CK-MB, Troponin I and Troponin T. Troponins can become elevated by 3 hours. The circulating values remain elevated up to a week. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All can be incinerated except - | [
"Cytotoxic waste",
"Sharps",
"Anatomical waste",
"Infectous waste"
] | B | - the sharps including needles and scalpel comes under Category no. 4 and is disposed in blue plastic bag. - it should be disinfected by chemical treatment, autoclaving, microwaving and mutilation shredding. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:793 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
Recruitment phenomenon is seen in? | [
"Otosclerosis",
"Meniere's disease",
"Acoustic nerve schwannoma",
"Otitis media with effusion"
] | B | Recruitment Phenomenon
It is a phenomenon of abnormal growth of loudness Q
The ear which does not hear low intensity sound begins to hear greater intensity sounds as loud or even louder than normal hearing ear.
Thus a loud sound which is tolerable in normal ear may grow to abnormal levels of loudness in the recruiting... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a child with a cavovarus foot deformity, the standing lateral block test assesses the flexibility of the | [
"Ankle",
"Hindfoot",
"Forefoot",
"Ankle and hindfoot"
] | B | The standing lateral block test is used to evaluate hind foot flexibility. It is performed by placingthe heel and lateral border of the patient's foot on a wooden block 2 to 4 cm thick, while the medial border of the foot is allowed to hang freely. This test negates any effect the forefoot may have on the hindfoot in s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 12-year-old boy is brought to your clinic for being very strange in his behaviours. He is late to school because he has to be in the shower for more than 2 hours. He feels compelled to use the soap repeatedly to clean off the 'germs' which he is worried off. He feels compelled to do this although he thinks that it is... | [
"Specific phobia for germs",
"Autism Spectrum Disorder",
"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder",
"Cyclothymia"
] | C | Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is associated with intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and unusual rituals and activities (compulsions). It is recognised by the patient as senseless. In this scenario, repeated thoughts of germs is obsession and repeated cleaning and checking for pen in his bag is compulsion. Majority of the ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following condition is associated with giant 'v' waves in a JVP? | [
"VSD",
"TR",
"Complete hea block",
"AF"
] | B | Giant v waves are seen in tricuspid regurgitation and VSD. v wave in a JVP represents atrial filling and occur during ventricular systole. In tricuspid regurgitation there is an accentuated v wave followed by a rapid y descend. In progressive TR, v wave merges with the c wave and the right atrial and juglar vein wavefo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In early congenital syphilis, which is not seen | [
"Keratitis",
"Vesicular rash",
"Chorio retinitis",
"Rhinitis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Keratitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following enzyme (s) paicipate in protein synthesis: | [
"DNA ligase",
"DNA Helicase",
"Peptidase",
"Peptidyl transferase"
] | D | Ans: d. Peptidyl transferase[Ref Harper 30th/422-24, 28th/359-66, 323; Lippincott 4th/438-42; Chatterjea & Shinde 7th/248-501Enzyme Required for TranslationAmino-acyl-t-RNA synthetase: Enzyme required for activation of amino acids, Peptide synthetase (peptidyl transferase)The NH2 of new aminoacyl t - RNA (AI) in 'A' si... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Multibacillary" is a spectrum of disease seen in - | [
"Leprosy",
"TB",
"Tetanus",
"Trachoma"
] | A | Operational classification of Leprosy (According to skin smear positivity) to serve as a basis for chemotherapy Paucibacillary Leprosy (PBL) Multibacillary Leprosy (MBL) BI <2 BI >= 2 Included types Indeterminate Polar tuberculoid (TT) Border Tuberculoid (BT) Polar lepromatous (LL) Borderline lepromatous (BL) Mid-borde... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The condyles of tibia provide attachment to - | [
"Fibular collateral ligament",
"Tibial collateral ligament",
"Ligamentum patellae",
"Popliteus muscle"
] | B | Fibular collateral ligament - Head of the fibula
Tibial collateral ligament - Medial condyle of tibia
Ligamentum patellae - Upper smooth part of the tibial tuberosity
Popliteus muscle - Posterior surface of tibia in the triangular area above the soleal line. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In normal distribution which have same value | [
"SD and mean",
"SD and mode",
"Mode and mean",
"SD and median"
] | C | Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Periodic paralysis is seen in the setting of hypokalemia, known as hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Similar type of paralysis is seen in the setting of: | [
"Hypothyroidism",
"Thyrotoxicosis",
"Hypoadrenalism",
"Cushing syndrome"
] | B | Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a familial condition caused by missense mutations of voltage sensor domains within L-type calcium channels or the skeletal Na+ channel. Must know: Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: Redistributive hypokalemia occurs in the setting of hypehyroidism. It can cause periodic attacks of hypokale... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is stologically characterised by the presence of numerous - | [
"Intramembranous dense deposits",
"Atrophic proximal convoluted tubules",
"Hyalinized small aerioles",
"Epithelial cell crescents"
] | D | RPGN is characterized by the formation of 'crescents' (crescentic GN) outside the glomerular capillaries (extracapillary GN). 'Crescents' are formed from the proliferation of parietal epithelial cells lining Bowman's capsule with contribution from visceral epithelial cells and the invading mononuclear cells. Ref: Textb... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis due to brain trauma. Which of the following lab values correlates with this acid imbalance? | [
"Potassium level of 6.0",
"Potassium level of 2.5",
"Potassium level of 5.0",
"Potassium level of 3.5"
] | A | Respiratory alkalosis - intracellular shift Na+ K+ PO4 2- inside Respiratory acidosis - shift of Na+ K+ PO4 2- outside Therefore K+ | ans. is (A) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are features of MEN IIb, except - | [
"Pituitary tumor",
"Pheochromocytoma",
"Medullary carcinoma thyroid",
"Neuromas"
] | A | MEN 2A is characterised by Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (90%), Pheochromocytoma (>50%) and Parathyroid adenoma (10-25%).MEN 2B (also known as MEN 3) is characterised by MTC (>90%), Pheochromocytoma (>50%) and associated abnormalities (40-50%) - mucosal neuromas, marfanoid habitus, medullated corneal nerve fibres, megaco... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stimulation by touching or pulling on which structure is least likely to cause a painful sensation? | [
"The postcentral gyrus",
"The dura overlying the postcentral gyrus",
"Branches of the middle meningeal aery that lie superficial to the dura over the postcentral gyrus",
"Branches of the middle cerebral aery that supply the postcentral gyrus"
] | A | Touching or pulling on the postcentral gyrus is least likely to evoke a painful sensation because brain tissue lacks pain receptors. The pain receptors in the skin and other tissues are all free nerve endings. They are widespread in the superficial layers of the skin, as well as in ceain internal tissues, such as the p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hanging cast is used in - | [
"# Femur",
"# Radius",
"# Tibia",
"# Humerus"
] | D | Most of the closed fractures can be treated by "hanging cast" from shoulder to wrist with the elbow flexed to 90°.
Other methods of conservative treatment are U-slab, chest arm bandage, and functional cast brace (Sarmiento). | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 17 years old girl with acne has been taking a drug for the last two years. She now presents with blue black pigmentation of nails. The likely medication causing the above pigmention is – | [
"Tetracycline",
"Minocycline",
"Doxycycline",
"Azithromycin"
] | B | Patients taking minocycline may develop a diffuse blue - grey, muddy appearance in sun exposed areas in addition to pigmentation of mucus membranes, teeth, nails, bones and thyroid.
Amongst tetracyclines two side effects unique to minocycline are drug induced lupus and blue black pigmentation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 23-year-old man of nohern European lineage presents with anemia. His father and paternal aunt had a similar illness that was treated successfully by splenectomy. His peripheral blood smear is similar to that shown in the illustration. Which of the following additional abnormalities is expected? | [
"Bilirubinuria",
"high mean corpuscular volume",
"Increased direct (conjugated) serum bilirubin",
"Polychromatophilic erythrocytes on peripheral blood smear"
] | D | - Spherocytes are present in given peripheral smear; along with the history, strongly suggests diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis. - Similar cells are also observed in warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia. - These two conditions can be distinguished by direct Coombs test, which is negative in hereditary spheroc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hepatitis E is mostly transmitted through: | [
"Skin",
"Feco oral route",
"Blood",
"Sexual route"
] | B | Feco oral route | train | med_mcqa | null |
A scientist was studying the electron transport chain and developed a compound that bound to all the cytochromes in the proteins of the electron transport chain. Once bound, the compound blocked electron acceptance by the iron in the heme group of the cytochrome. Which one of the following would be most likely to occur... | [
"The amount of heat generated from NADH oxidation would increase.",
"The rate of succinate oxidation would not be affected.",
"ATP could still be generated from the oxidation of NADH by transfer of electrons to O2.",
"Cell death would result from a lack of ATP."
] | D | Agents that act on components of the electron transport chaina. If there is a block at any point in the electron transport chain, all carriers before the block will accumulate in their reduced states, whereas those after the block will accumulate in their oxidized states. As a result, O2 will not be consumed; ATP will ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Secretory sinus in neck, moving upon deglutination: | [
"Branchial sinus",
"Pilonidal cyst",
"Thyroglossal fistula",
"Sublingual dermoid cyst"
] | C | Ans. (c) Thyroglossal fistulaRef: Dhingra's ENT 5th ed. / 398* Sublingual dermoid cyst present as midline submental swelling. This cyst is not attached to foramen cecum and hence doesn't move upon tongue protrusion or upon deglutition.* The thyroglossal cyst classically moves upwards with swallowing and notably with to... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Post spinal headache is due to | [
"CSF leaks in the dura",
"Fine needle",
"Toxic effects of the drug",
"Traumatic damage to nerve roots"
] | A | A. i.e. (CSF leaks in the dura) (517- Lee's synopsis of anaesthesia 13th)* It is low pressure headache due to seepage of CSF from dural rent (hole) created by spinal needle. The loss may be around 10 ml /hrPost spinal headache - is due to seepage of CSF. Can be minimized by using smaller bore needle (360-KDT 6th)* More... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A woman is presenting with low-grade fever since 6 weeks. Chest X ray shows bilateral hilar adenopathy with clear lung fields. All of the following investigations are useful in making the diagnosis except: | [
"CD4/CD8 counts in the blood",
"Serum ACE levels",
"CECT of chest",
"Gallium scan"
] | A | Patient is showing features of sarcoidosis. Lymphocyte markers such as CD4 and CD8 are used to determine the CD4/CD8 ratio in the BAL fluid. A ratio of >3.5 is strongly suppoive of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of non caseating granulomas. Sarcoidosis can affect viual... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Penicillinase resistant penicillin is: | [
"Methicillin",
"Ampicillin",
"Carbenecillin",
"Ticarcillin"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following most significantly increases the risk of HCC | [
"HBV",
"HAV",
"CMV",
"EBV"
] | A | Risk factors for HCC Chronic infection with HBV and HCV ( 100 fold increase in risk in individuals with HBV infection) Post necrotic cirrhosis Alcoholic cirrhosis Primary biliary cirrhosis Ref : Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1458 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In congenital dacryocystitis which structure is blocked? | [
"Upper lacrimal puncta",
"Lower lacrimal puncta",
"Lacrimal canaliculi",
"Nasolacrimal duct"
] | D | - Inflammation of lacrimal sac - Dacryocystitis - In congenital dacryocystitis, most common site of obstruction is lower end of nasolacrimal duct, usually near valve of Hasner. CONGENITAL DACRYOCYSTITIS :- Occurs in approximately 5% of normal newborn infants.- Rate of spontaneous resolution is upto 90%- Presents with e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chloroma is due to – | [
"AML",
"CLL",
"ALL",
"Non Hodgkin's lymphoma"
] | A | Clinical features of AML
The clinical findings in AML are similar to those in ALL i.e., suppression of normal hematopoisis in the marrow that results in -
Anemia → Fatigue, pallor
Neutropenia → Infection, Fever
Thrombocytopenia → Spontaneous mucosal and cutaneous bleeding. This is the most striking clinical feature... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true about Odontoblastic process | [
"Provides matrix vesicle",
"Helps in initial mineralization of mantle dentin",
"Extent of the tubules is only till 1/3rd of distance",
"All"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not true about Down's syndrome | [
"Decreased humerus length.",
"Decreased nuchal fold thickness.",
"Decreased femur length.",
"Duodenal atresia."
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e. decreased nuchal fold thickness Nuchal fold thickness is increased in Down's syndrome (not decreased). Infact this feature is used in suspecting the diagnosis of Down's syndrome prenatally.Nuchal fold thickness is assessed prenatally by ultrasound.Other characteristic feature of Down's SyndromeIt is th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hamman's sign is seen in- | [
"Pneumomediastinum",
"Pericardial effusion",
"SVC obstruction",
"Thyrotoxicosis"
] | A | hamman sign is a feature of pnuemo mediastinum Hamman's sign (rarely, Hammond's sign or Hammond's crunch) is a crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heabeat, heard over the precordium in spontaneous mediastinal emphysema. It is felt to result from the hea beating against air-filled tissues. It is named after J... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The optical procedure being done is used for: | [
"Objective refraction",
"Subjective adjustment of cylinder",
"Binocular balancing of vision",
"Subjective refinement of cylinder"
] | D | Ans. (d) Subjective refinement of cylinderRef: Khurana optics 2/e, p. 153The instrument seen in the image is the Jackson cross cylinder (over the trial frame) - which is used for subjective refinement of cylinder. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Validity of a test is based upon all except | [
"Sensitivity",
"Specificity",
"Precision",
"Accuracy"
] | C | Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 138 Validity (accuracy): refers to what extend the test accurately measures which it purpos to measure. has two components: sensitivity and specificity. note: Precision / repeatability / reliability: that is test must give consistent redults when repeated more than once on the same individual ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Self mutilation is a feature of? | [
"Von-Gogh syndrome",
"Catatonic schizophrenia",
"Paranoid schizophrenia",
"pfropfschizophrenia"
] | A | Ans is 'a' i.e. Von-Gogh syndrome * Dramatic self mutilation occurring in schizophrenia has also been called Von-Gogh syndrome.About other options* Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by marked disturbances of motor behavior.* Paranoid schizophrenia, the most common type, is characterized by Delusions of persecuti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child with history of recurrent throat infrctions presents with hematuria and proteinuria with the last infection being 3 weeks back. The diagnosis is- | [
"Berger's disease",
"Henoch Schonlein purpura",
"Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis",
"Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Post streptococcal glomerulonephritiso PSGN appears 1 to 4 weeks after a streptococcal infection of pharynx or skin (impetigo). It is caused by certain nephritogenic serotypes of group A -hemolytic streptococcus (not by all serotypes)o The lesions are caused by imm... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following group represents negative acute phase proteins | [
"Transferrin, albumin, transthyretin",
"Haptoglobulin, CRP, albumin",
"Haptoglobulin, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen",
"CRP, a-1 antitrypsin, fibrinogen"
] | A | Answer- A. Transferrin, albumin, transthyretinAcute phase reaction (acute phase response)-1. Positive acute phase proteinsImpoant examples are C-reactive protein : CRP (Beta 1- globulin), alpha-l antitrypsin,fbrinogen, feftitin, serum amyloid A, hepatoglobulin, ceruloplasmin, and alpha-2 microglobulin.2) Negative acute... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Distichiasis means | [
"Increased number of eyelashes in the lower lid",
"Second row of eyelashes",
"Increased thickness of eyelashes",
"Increased pigmentation of eyelashes"
] | B | Distichiasis: Congenital distichiasis: It is a rare anomaly in which an extra row of cilia occupies the position of Meibomian glands which open into their follicles as ordinary sebaceous glands. These cilia are usually directed backwards and when rubbing the cornea, should be electroepilated or cryoepilated. Acquired d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a patient with hyperiglyceridemia and low HDL, which of the following drug will not increase the risk of myopathy? | [
"Fibric acid derivatives",
"Nicotinic acid",
"Atrovastatin",
"Lovastatin"
] | B | Niacin or nicotinic acid very rarely produce myopathy. Better option myopathy and rhabdomyolysis is seen mainly with statins followed by fibric acid derivatives They cause muscle pain, muscle breakdown, and excretion of myoglobin in the urine From essential of medical pharmacology KD Tripathi 7th edition page no 640, 6... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person was addicted to alcohol for some 10 years. He got injured on his toe and wound was not healing. He was admitted to the hospital where he was on bed trying to catch some bugs on bed and described doctor as his brother. He also complains uncontrollable fear of being murdered, insomnia etc. Likely Diagnosis is:Ma... | [
"Alcoholic seiqzures/rum fits",
"Korsakoff's psychosis",
"Delirium tremens",
"Alcoholic hallucinosis"
] | C | Ans. C i.e. Delirium tremens | train | med_mcqa | null |
Surgical staging of bone tumors is by | [
"Edmonton",
"Manchester",
"Enneking",
"TNM"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Enneking The Enneking system for the surgical staging of bone and soft-tissue tumors is based on grade (G), site (T), and metastasis (M) and uses histologic, radiologic, and clinical criteria. It is the most widely used staging system and has been adopted by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society and the Am... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about propagated epidemics ? | [
"Gradual rise",
"Gradual fall",
"Person to person transmission",
"No secondary wave"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., No secondary wave | train | med_mcqa | null |
The newer contraceptive program introduced in Family Planning is | [
"Parivahana",
"Antara",
"Prerana",
"Indradanush"
] | B | The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched two new contraceptives, an injectable contraceptive MPA (medroxyprogesterone) under the 'Antara' programme and a contraceptive pill, 'Chhaya' (Centchroman), in the public health system to expand the basket of contraceptive choices to meet the emerging needs of coup... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Late onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery is caused by? | [
"Staphylococcus",
"Candida",
"Bacillus cereus",
"Propionibacterium acnes"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Propionibacterium acnes * Organisms depends upon the type of endophthalmitis A) Exogenous endophthalmitis 1) Post - operative i) Acute post - operative (within 1-7 days after surgery) :- S. epidermidis, S.aureus, Streptococcus, Gram negative bacilli. ii) Delayed onset (a week to months after surgery);... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the mechanism of aoic regurgitation in a Case of VSD ? | [
"Prolapse of right coronary leaflet",
"Changes in the pressure gradient due to left to right shunt",
"Eisenmengerization",
"Congenital defect"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Prolapse of right coronary leafletVentricular septal defect and aoic regurgitation-pathophysiological aspects and therapeutic consequence.Aoic regurgitation in VSDIt is a rare association seen in around 5% of VSDsIt is due to prolapse of the right coronary or non coronary leaflet of the aoic valve or ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 48 year old male patient comes to the clinic for routine general checkup. He is a known diabetic and is on insulin. On general examination, truncal obesity is seen.
The agent used in the treatment of this patient has all the following actions except: | [
"It inhibits the release of FFA from adipose tissue",
"It enhances the uptake of glucose into adipose cells via the GLUT4 transporter",
"In adipose tissue, it inhibits the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase",
"Adipose tissue is less sensitive to it than many other tissues"
] | D | The rate of release of FFA from adipose tissue is affected by many hormones that influence either the rate of esterification or the rate of lipolysis. Insulin inhibits the release of FFA from adipose tissue, which is followed by a fall in circulating plasma free fatty acids. Insulin also enhances lipogenesis and the sy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The term 'free association' is coined by | [
"Freud",
"Adler",
"Erikson",
"Juna"
] | A | A. i.e. Freud Psychoanalysis Credit for invention of psychoanalysis belongs to Sigmund FreudQ, (born on 6 may 1956 in Freiburg, Czech Republic spent most of life in Vienna (Austria) & died in Lndon in 1939)Q Principles of role of meaning, free association, resistance, transference, counter transference and parapraxes a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pregnant lady complaints of headache, feeling of excessive tiredness and drowsiness whenever she lies down in supine position. Her symptoms are relieved on sitting up and while lying on her side. What is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"IVC compression",
"Compression on sympathetic chain",
"Raised intra abdominal pressure",
"Decreased blood supply to placenta"
] | A | Patient is showing features of supine hypotensive syndrome caused by the compression of inferior vena cava by the weight of a pregnant female's uterus, fetus, placenta and amniotic fluids while lying in the supine position. This condition can develop as early as the second trimester but is maximal during the third trim... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24 year old man gets married with 14 year old female. Having sex with her will be considered rape because : | [
"No consent taken from wife",
"Wife age < 14 year",
"Wife age < 15 year",
"Wife age < 17 year"
] | C | C i.e. Wife age < 15 years | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patient is diagnosed with BPH. Which of the following drug provides symptomatic relief? | [
"Terazosin",
"Desmopressin",
"Finasteride",
"Sildenafil"
] | A | Ans. A. TerazosinSelective Alpha 1 blocker provide symptomatic relief but do not effect the disease .5 alpha reductase like finasteride slow the disease progression. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A newborn had a bilious vomiting after 6 hours of bih. X-ray of the abdomen shows double bubble sign. This is a feature of: | [
"Pyloric stenosis",
"Duodenal atresia",
"Ileal atresia",
"Esophageal atresia"
] | B | Duodenal atresia is due to failure of recanalization of the duodenal lumen during weeks 3-7 of embryologic development. Newborn will have bilious vomiting in the first 24 hours of life. "Double-bubble" sign and absence of gas distal to the duodenum can be seen on plain films. Ref: Wyatt C., Moos P.J., Brown T.G. (2008)... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding Juvenile papillomas true is/are-a) Singleb) Multiplec) Seen in childrend) Recurrente) Associated with HPV | [
"bce",
"abd",
"bcde",
"acde"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscles have which efferent nerve fibers for regulating tone? | [
"a-neuron",
"Gamma neuron",
"Beta neuron",
"Delta neuron"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gamma neuron(Ref: Ganong 23'd/e p.158-162; Guyton 12n/e p. 657)Muscle tone is maintained by stretch reflex through muscle spindles (intrafusal fibers). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lateral internal sphincterotomy is useful for:September 2007 | [
"Anal fistula",
"Anal canal strictures",
"Haemorrhoids",
"Anal fissure"
] | D | Ans. D: Anal fissureLateral internal sphincterotomy is the preferred method of surgery for persons with chronic anal fissures, and is generally used when medical therapy has failed.It is associated with a lower rate of side effects than older techniques such as posterior internal sphincterotomy and anoplasty, and has a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infra -red rays causes : | [
"Cataract",
"Keratitis",
"Optic neuritis",
"Glaucoma"
] | A | Infra red rays affects primarily the retina, because of the transparency of the ocular media.
When directly viewing a point surce or laser beam, the focusing properties in the IRA region additionally render the retina much more susceptible to damage than any other part of the body.
For short exposure periods, heating o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Proliferative glomerular deposits are found in | [
"Amyloidosis",
"IgA nephropathy",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Membranous glomerulonephritis"
] | B | IgA nephropathy is an immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis defined by the presence of diffuse mesangial IgA deposits often associated with mesangial hypercellularity. ref - Harrisons internal medicine 20e pg2135-2140 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the absence of vasopressin, the greatest fraction of filtered water is absorbed in the | [
"Proximal tubule.",
"Loop of Henle.",
"Distal tubule.",
"Cortical collecting duct."
] | A | Because the ratio of the concentration in tubular fluid to the concentration in plasma (TF/P) of the nonreabsorbable substance inulin is 2.5 to 3.3 at the end of the proximal tubule, it follows that 60–70% of the filtered solute and 60–70% of the filtered water have been removed by the time the filtrate reaches this po... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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